CN107459393B

CN107459393B - Rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting stump-stabilizing fertilizer and application method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN107459393B
Application number: CN201710704871.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓小华; 杨丽丽; 齐永杰; 徐文兵; 裴晓东; 陈金
Original assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2017-08-16
Filing date: 2017-08-16
Publication date: 2021-01-29
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-16
Also published as: CN107459393A

Abstract

The invention provides a transplanting and stump-settling fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco in rice stubble and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting. The transplanted stump-setting fertilizer integrates the advantages of fire soil ash and bio-organic fertilizer, does not carry pathogenic bacteria harmful to flue-cured tobacco, and has the effects of preserving heat, refreshing water, enriching microorganisms in the root area of tobacco seedlings and optimizing the micro-ecological environment of the root system; the transplanting root-setting fertilizer is intensively applied to the soil of the root area of the tobacco plant, so that gaps between tobacco seedlings and bulk rice soil can be sealed, the root, the soil and the fertilizer are fully contacted, the fertilizer is concentrated in the root area of the tobacco seedlings and is easier to absorb, the early and quick growth of flue-cured tobacco is facilitated, and the transplanting root-setting fertilizer has obvious effects of promoting growth, increasing yield and improving quality.

Description

Rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting stump-stabilizing fertilizer and application method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the soil environment of a root area of rice stubble flue-cured tobacco and promoting the early growth and quick growth of the flue-cured tobacco.

Background

The rice stubble flue-cured tobacco (in one year, rice is planted after the flue-cured tobacco is harvested) is the main mode for cultivating the flue-cured tobacco in the southern tobacco area. In the period of flue-cured tobacco transplanting in the tobacco growing area of southern rice, the low temperature and the overcast and rainy weather are generated, and soil blocks in tobacco planting soil ploughed in the rice field are large, so that gaps between tobacco seedlings and large rice soil are large, and the early growth and the quick growth of the tobacco seedlings are influenced. To make up for these defects, fire soil ash (stump ash) is often applied to the flue-cured tobacco in the transplanting process to seal the gap between the tobacco seedling and the large piece of paddy soil, so as to promote the early growth and fast growth of the flue-cured tobacco.

The fire soil ash is formed by stacking and fumigating weeds and soil, contains rich nutrient elements such as phosphorus and potassium, is granular in shape, has a good structure with loose and strong air permeability and is not easy to harden waterlogging, and has the functions of heat preservation and water cooling when used as transplanting nutrient soil. The mixture of the fire soil ash and other fertilizers can be used as nutrient soil for transplanting crops, and can obtain remarkable yield increase effect. For example, a method for improving the rhizosphere environment of tobacco (Chinese patent CN201310083194) is prepared by uniformly mixing calcined burnt soil ash and rotten pig and cattle pen sludge, fermenting for 8-10 days or superphosphate; the fertilizer is applied to tobacco soil holes 7-15 days before the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, so that the nutrient content of the soil can be improved, the soil structure can be improved, the permeability of the soil and the water storage and moisture conservation capacity can be improved, and the yield value of tobacco leaves can be improved. However, in this method, the nutrient soil applied to the soil is contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms due to the use of pig and cattle pen sludge, and the nutrient soil is applied earlier before transplantation, which complicates the application process.

The biological organic fertilizer is formed by compounding microorganisms with specific functions and animal and plant residues through innocent treatment, integrates the advantages of the microorganisms, the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, contains a large amount of organic matters and growth promoting substances, contains more functional bacteria, can activate soil nutrients, improve the soil microenvironment, enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of tobacco, promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco, improve the yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco, and is widely popularized and applied in the production of the flue-cured tobacco. The biological organic fertilizer is generally used as a base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, and is applied in a whole field in the process of turning over the flue-cured tobacco field or applied in furrows and strips in the process of ridging. The tobacco seedlings are worried about being damaged by the bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is not directly applied in holes during flue-cured tobacco transplanting. However, the tobacco is a sparsely planted crop, the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is small, the utilization rate of the bio-organic fertilizer which is applied in a scattered mode or in a strip mode between ridges and between tobacco plants is low, in addition, more rainwater exists in the south, the fertilizer loss is serious, and the application effect of the bio-organic fertilizer is influenced.

Therefore, the existing method for applying the bio-organic fertilizer causes low utilization efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer and serious fertilizer loss; the existing method for applying the fire soil ash as the nutrient soil mainly has the functions of heat preservation and water cooling, but has low fertilizer efficiency; the existing nutrient soil prepared by fermenting the fire soil ash and the pig and cattle pen sludge has the effects of improving soil and promoting the early growth and the rapid growth of tobacco seedlings, but the nutrient soil carries pathogenic microorganisms and is complicated in working procedures.

In the prior art, there is a literature report that the nutrient soil for flue-cured tobacco is prepared by adopting fine soil, a decomposed organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and other components, but the nutrient soil is lack of beneficial bacteria and is easy to bring soil-borne pathogenic bacteria into the nutrient soil by the fine soil, the decomposed organic fertilizer and other components; in addition, the tobacco is loose, has poor air permeability, is easy to harden, is suitable for tobacco curing in mountainous regions and is not suitable for tobacco curing in rice stubble in south China.

In summary, there is an urgent need in the art for a high-efficiency transplanting nutrient soil suitable for rice stubble flue-cured tobacco as a root-setting fertilizer to promote the early growth and fast growth of flue-cured tobacco.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a transplanting root-settling fertilizer suitable for rice stubble flue-cured tobacco, and aims to solve the problems that the utilization efficiency of a bio-organic fertilizer is low, the fertilizer effect is poor when the traditional root-settling fertilizer is used for transplanting by using fire soil ash, the fire soil ash and pig cowstall silt are fermented and then used as the root-settling fertilizer to carry pathogenic microorganisms, the working procedure is complicated and the like in the prior art.

The invention also aims to provide an application method of the antou fertilizer.

The prior art generally recognizes that the bio-organic fertilizer damages the tobacco seedlings and cannot be applied to the soil of the tobacco seedling root zone. In fact, the research of the invention finds that the tobacco seedling root system is damaged by directly applying the bio-organic fertilizer to the root system. In order to solve the problem that the bio-organic fertilizer cannot be applied to roots, the inventor discovers through a large number of experimental researches that the bio-organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash are matched to prepare the transplanting stump-mounting fertilizer, the technical problems that the bio-organic fertilizer damages roots of tobacco seedlings and the like can be cooperatively solved, and the stump-mounting fertilizer is also unexpectedly and particularly suitable for the field of rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a stump-setting fertilizer for transplanting flue-cured tobacco in rice stubble consists of a bio-organic fertilizer and fire soil ash; wherein the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the fire soil ash is 1: 20-50.

In the technical field of rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting, the invention originally solves the technical problem of low fertilizer utilization rate of biological organic matters due to the fact that the biological organic matters are easy to burn seedlings and cannot directly contact with the root systems of tobacco seedlings. Through the cooperation of the bio-organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash in the mass ratio, the utilization efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer can be obviously improved, and gaps between the cigarette seedlings and the large paddy soil can be sealed by the stump-mounting fertilizer. The transplanting root-setting fertilizer is intensively applied to the soil in the root area of the tobacco plant, so that the root, the soil and the fertilizer are fully contacted, the cost is low, the operation is simple, and the early growth and the quick emergence of the flue-cured tobacco are facilitated. The stump-setting fertilizer is particularly suitable for rice stubble flue-cured tobacco.

The invention changes the current fertilizing mode of rice stubble flue-cured tobacco, and postpones the bio-organic fertilizer which is applied in ridging and stripe application or in broadcasting to be applied as stump-setting fertilizer together with the fire soil ash when being transplanted. The waste of the biological organic fertilizer is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the biological organic fertilizer is improved, the nutrients of the biological organic fertilizer are utilized earlier by tobacco seedlings, and the early growth and the quick growth of the tobacco seedlings are promoted.

The biological organic fertilizer is different from common decomposed organic fertilizers. The biological organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention contains abundant beneficial microorganisms and organic matters with high activity, and can promote the growth of the root system of tobacco seedlings. Intermediate products with physiological activity can be generated in the decomposition process of the biological organic fertilizer to promote the growth of the root system of the tobacco seedling; active organic matters in the bio-organic fertilizer participate in the synthesis of root cells and the respiration of the root system, so that the activity of the root system is enhanced; the microbial organic fertilizer can optimize the micro-ecological environment for root growth, thereby promoting root development.

The synergistic effect of the biological organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash is more ideal, and the early growth and the quick growth of tobacco seedlings and the subsequent improvement of the quality of tobacco leaves are more facilitated. The reason for this is that the pores of the loose particles of the burnt soil have the permeability characteristics. After the fire soil ash and the biological organic fertilizer are fermented, part of nutrients are absorbed in particle pores of the fire soil ash and can be slowly released for flue-cured tobacco roots to utilize after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, so that the biological organic fertilizer is prevented from damaging the tobacco seedling roots; and nutrient loss caused by much rainwater in the south can be reduced.

Preferably, the effective viable count of the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 0.25 hundred million/g; the organic matter content is more than or equal to 30 wt%, and the total nutrient content is (N + P)₂O₅+K₂O)≥5wt％。

The biological organic fertilizer can be purchased to the existing commercial products.

Preferably, the biological organic fertilizer is at least one of a three-cake-in-one biological organic fertilizer, a tobacco straw biological organic fertilizer and a middle-smoke multi-effect biological organic fertilizer.

Further preferably, the effective viable count of the three-cake-in-one bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the content of N + P is more than or equal to₂O₅+K₂O≥8％。

Further preferably, the effective viable count of the tobacco stalk bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 0.7 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the content of N + P₂O₅+K₂O≥5％。

Further preferably, the effective viable count of the medium-smoke multi-effect biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 30 percent, and N + P₂O₅+K₂O≥5％。

The inventor discovers that the synergistic effect of the bio-organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash is further improved by adopting the bio-organic fertilizer under the parameters of the optimized effective viable count, the organic matter content, the total nutrient content and the like, and the bio-organic fertilizer is more beneficial to transplanting of rice stubble flue-cured tobacco and growth of tobacco seedlings.

Still further preferably, the three-cake-in-one bio-organic fertilizer is a bio-organic fertilizer. The three-cake-in-one bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting three cake fertilizers and microorganisms, and has higher content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients.

The fire soil ash can be prepared by the conventional method and can also be purchased to the commercial products.

The inventor also finds that the fire soil ash in a proper particle size range is beneficial to further improving the synergistic effect with the bio-organic fertilizer for the rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting through a large amount of researches.

Preferably, the fire soil ash is crushed and passes through a 0.5-1.0 cm mesh screen.

The mass ratio is controlled within the range, the using amount of the fire soil ash is excessive, and the prepared stump-mounting fertilizer has poor fertilizer efficiency; the excessive use amount of the fire soil ash can damage the root system of the tobacco seedling, and the use amount greatly increases the production cost.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the fire soil ash is 1: 25-35.

Preferably, the stump-mounting fertilizer for transplanting the flue-cured tobacco in the rice stubble is obtained by mixing the components and then carrying out film covering fermentation treatment.

In the invention, the bio-organic fertilizer containing abundant live bacteria and the fire clay ash are mixed according to the mass ratio and then are subjected to film covering fermentation treatment; the fire soil ash absorbs the nutrients of the biological organic fertilizer and is slowly released, and the living bacteria in the biological organic fertilizer can quickly form a film in the gaps and the surface of the fire soil ash, so that the microorganisms beneficial to the growth of tobacco seedlings are compounded into the fire soil ash in situ. After transplanting, the nutrients are slowly supplied to the tobacco seedlings, and the utilization rate and the effect of the bio-organic fertilizer can be improved. The research surface shows that the Antou fertilizer is preferably subjected to fermentation treatment, so that the method has positive significance for the planting of the tobacco seedlings in the rice field, and all indexes are further improved.

In the invention, the film-covered fermentation method can adopt the conventional method.

In the invention, in the process of film-covering fermentation, the water content of the rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting stump-setting fertilizer is controlled to be 30-35%.

In the invention, the moisture content of the transplanted stump-setting fertilizer is controlled within the range and kept moist. Therefore, the fermentation is better facilitated, the microbial quantity of the antagon fertilizer is enriched, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the effect of promoting the early growth and the quick hair growth of the antagon fertilizer is improved.

In the actual production process, the biological organic fertilizer and the fire clay ash are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio, and then clean water is sprayed in the mixture to ensure that the water content of the material is 30-35%; then stacking the wet materials into a soil pile; covering a film on the soil heap and fermenting for 10-15 days; obtaining the stump-soothing fertilizer.

In the invention, the clean water is sprayed to prevent the stump setting fertilizer from being polluted by mixed bacteria; the film covering function is mainly to prevent water evaporation and prevent the stump fertilizer from being polluted by mixed bacteria.

The height of the soil heap is not particularly required, and the soil heap is preferably 1m high, 1 m-1.5 m wide and the length is determined according to the quantity.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a preferable anpocket fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

step (1): preparing a transplanting and stump-mounting fertilizer:

passing the fire soil ash through a 0.5cm multiplied by 1cm mesh screen;

uniformly mixing the biological organic fertilizer and the sieved fire soil ash according to the weight ratio; obtaining transplanting root-setting fertilizer;

step (2): transplanting and root setting fertilizer fermentation:

sprinkling water on the transplanting root-setting fertilizer in the step (1), and controlling the water content of the transplanting root-setting fertilizer to be 30-35%; then stacking the materials into soil piles; covering a film on the soil heap and fermenting for 10-15 days; obtaining the stump-soothing fertilizer.

The invention also discloses an application method of the stump-setting fertilizer for transplanting the rice stubble flue-cured tobacco, which is used for directly transplanting the tobacco seedlings to the stump-setting fertilizer.

According to the invention, through the cooperation of the components in the mass ratio and the fermentation treatment, the technical problems of seedling burning of the bio-organic fertilizer and the like can be solved; the rice stubble flue-cured tobacco seedlings can be directly transplanted into the root setting fertilizer, which is beneficial to the growth of the tobacco seedlings.

Preferably, the tobacco seedlings are directly transplanted to the stump-setting fertilizer after film-covering fermentation.

The transplanting root-soothing fertilizer after fermentation treatment not only has the effects of warming, cooling, ventilating and nourishing, but also can solve the problems that the rice soil blocks are large and the root systems of tobacco seedlings are not in close contact with soil, and has the advantages of fully contacting the roots, the soil and the fertilizer and promoting the early growth and the quick growth of flue-cured tobacco.

According to the invention, the transplanting planting effect of the tobacco seedlings can be further improved by proper application amount. If the application amount is too large, the seedling burning phenomenon may occur, which is not favorable for the planting of tobacco seedlings. Through research, the application amount of the anpocket fertilizer with the proportion is preferably not more than 500g per plant. Meanwhile, a quantitative container is adopted, and the fertilizer is quantified according to plants, so that the fertilizer application amount of each plant is consistent, and the growth vigor of the field is consistent.

Further preferably, the application amount of the anpocket fertilizer is 400-500 g per plant; more preferably 500 g/strain.

Further preferably, the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 15-20 g per plant.

Before the flue-cured tobacco seedling is transplanted, big holes are formed in the ridged ridge surface according to the transplanting plant distance, the hole depth is 10-15 cm, and the diameter is 15-20 cm;

quantitatively applying the andong fertilizer into the opened big hole according to the plant number and uniformly mixing the andong fertilizer with soil in the hole; pressing a small hole slightly larger than the seedling tray hole on the stump-setting fertilizer applied into the seedling hole; putting tobacco seedlings into the small holes, covering soil, and watering for fixing roots.

And after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, managing according to a conventional cultivation technology.

The invention relates to a more specific application method of a rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting stump-setting fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

(a) and (5) preparing transplanting root-setting fertilizer. The bio-organic fertilizer and the smoked fire soil ash are selected and uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:25 to prepare the transplanting andong fertilizer. The bio-organic fertilizer is selected from fertilizers popularized in flue-cured tobacco production, such as three-cake-in-one bio-organic fertilizer, pure natural bio-organic fertilizer, tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer, plant straw bio-organic fertilizer, middle-smoke multi-effect bio-organic fertilizer and the like. The fire soil ash is smashed and passes through a 0.5cm multiplied by 1cm mesh screen, and is uniformly mixed with the biological organic fertilizer.

(b) Transplanting and fertilizing the roots and stems for fermentation. And (3) scattering a small amount of clean water on the uniformly mixed transplanting stifle fertilizer to keep the stifle fertilizer moist (the water content is 30-35%). Stacking the wet stump-setting fertilizer into a soil pile with the height of 1 meter, the width of 1 meter to 1.5 meters and the length depending on the quantity. Covering a film on the soil pile to keep the andong fertilizer moist and prevent other harmful microorganisms from being infected by mixed bacteria. Fermenting in a stack for 10-15 days.

(c) Transplanting and root-setting fertilizer application in root-fertilizing areas. Before flue-cured tobacco transplanting, large holes are formed on the ridged ridge surface according to the transplanting plant distance, the hole depth is 10-15 cm, and the diameter is 15-20 cm. And (3) applying transplanting root-setting fertilizer according to the plant quantity (500 g/plant) in the opened big hole. And (3) mixing and stirring the root-setting fertilizer and the rice field soil during transplanting, and pressing a small hole which is slightly larger than the seedling-raising disc hole on the root-setting fertilizer applied to the seedling hole. Putting the tobacco seedling into the small hole, and pouring root fixing water to ensure that the stump fertilizer is fully contacted with the root of the tobacco seedling.

In the invention, the prepared stump-mounting fertilizer must be sanitary, clean and nontoxic to prevent soil-borne diseases. The fire soil ash is smoked and does not carry soil-borne pathogenic bacteria generally; the water for moistening the stump-setting fertilizer is clean and has no germs; in the operation process, diseased vegetable garden soil, soil in front of and behind houses and the like are prevented from being mixed into the stump-mounting fertilizer.

In the invention, the transplanting root-setting fertilizer is required to be intensively applied into the soil of the root zone of the flue-cured tobacco. By adopting a secondary hole opening technology, the transplanted stump-setting fertilizer is intensively applied into the transplanting holes, so that the root systems of the flue-cured tobaccos can better absorb nutrients, the fertilizer loss is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer is improved. Meanwhile, the transplanting root-setting fertilizer is applied to the root of the tobacco seedling to be in close contact with the root of the tobacco seedling so as to facilitate rooting, and the tobacco core cannot be covered so as to influence the growth of the tobacco seedling.

The invention has the advantages of

The root-regulating fertilizer for transplanting the rice stubble flue-cured tobacco is applied by combining a bio-organic fertilizer and fire soil ash as a root-regulating fertilizer area for transplanting, and can unexpectedly solve the problem of damage of the bio-organic fertilizer to the root system of the tobacco seedling. The biological organic fertilizer is applied to root areas, so that nutrients are better provided for the flue-cured tobacco, the flue-cured tobacco is promoted to grow early and quickly, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the production cost is reduced. .

The rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting stump-setting fertilizer is applied by combining the bio-organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash as a root area of the transplanting stump-setting fertilizer, and the advantages of the fire soil ash and the bio-organic fertilizer are integrated, so that the fire soil ash has the characteristics of permeating crop nutrients and slowly providing the nutrients. The granulated burnt lime also has a good structure of loose and strong air permeability and hard hardening of waterlogging, has the functions of heat preservation and water cooling, and can improve the rhizosphere environment of tobacco plants.

The rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting root installation fertilizer does not carry pathogenic bacteria harmful to flue-cured tobacco, but contains abundant beneficial microorganisms, can enrich microorganisms in the root area of tobacco seedlings, optimizes the micro-ecological environment for root growth, and has the advantages that an intermediate product generated in the decomposition process has physiological activity and contains higher active organic matters, so that the development of the root system of the flue-cured tobacco is promoted, and the early growth and the fast growth of the tobacco seedlings are promoted.

The stump-mounting fertilizer for rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting is fine in raw materials and has certain fertility activity, and the early growth and quick growth of tobacco seedlings are facilitated. The transplanted stump-setting fertilizer is loose and has good air permeability, and for tobacco fields with large soil blocks or rotten soil, the soil in the tobacco holes cannot be hardened due to water accumulated in the holes, so that the root system of the transplanted tobacco seedlings can grow. Transplanting the root-setting fertilizer seals gaps between the tobacco seedlings and the bulk paddy soil, the root system is easy to contact with the root-setting fertilizer, the tobacco seedlings cannot be aerial in holes, and transplanting quality is improved. After the root system is transplanted by using the root-setting fertilizer, the root system grows quickly, the tobacco seedlings return quickly, the tobacco plants are strong and strong in stress resistance, and the number of effective leaves is increased.

The rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting root installation fertilizer is intensively applied to the soil of the root area of the tobacco plant, and the root, the soil and the fertilizer are fully contacted, so that the fertilizer is intensively applied to the root area of the tobacco seedling and is easier to absorb, and the early growth and the quick growth of the flue-cured tobacco are facilitated. The method overcomes the defect that part of fertilizer nutrients of the bio-organic fertilizer applied in a strip mode are distributed far away from roots to restrict the flue-cured tobacco from absorbing the fertilizer nutrients, enables the flue-cured tobacco root area to become a core area for supplying nutrients, is beneficial to the flue-cured tobacco to directly absorb the fertilizer nutrients, improves the yield of the flue-cured tobacco, improves the first-class tobacco proportion of the flue-cured tobacco, improves the yield of the flue-cured tobacco, and has obvious effects of promoting growth, increasing yield and improving quality.

In the invention, the synergistic effect of the components in the stump-setting fertilizer is excellent. Compared with the traditional method, the first-class smoke proportion, the yield value, the physical characteristic index, the chemical component index, the total sensory evaluation score, the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and the nitrogen fertilizer partial production benefit can be respectively improved by 5.96%, 12.38%, 13.22%, 5.76%, 18.46%, 3.12%, 12.38% and 17.51%. The first-class tobacco proportion, the yield value, the physical characteristic index, the chemical component index, the sensory evaluation total score, the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and the nitrogen fertilizer partial production benefit which are not applied with the biological organic fertilizer can be respectively improved by 21.13%, 8.65%, 12.28%, 8.61%, 21.95%, 9.83%, 8.61% and 18.49%, and the method is more favorable for accelerating the growth of tobacco plants, improving the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco leaves, improving the quality of the tobacco leaves and increasing the yield and the yield value.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the total length of the root system of tobacco plants of different bio-organic fertilizers of example 1;

FIG. 2 is the tobacco plant root volume for different bio-organic fertilizers of example 1;

FIG. 3 is the average diameter of the root system of tobacco plants for different bio-organic fertilizers of example 1;

FIG. 4 shows the total number of branches of the root system of tobacco plants of different bio-organic fertilizers of example 1;

FIG. 5 shows the underground dry weights of tobacco plants of different bio-organic fertilizers of example 1;

FIG. 6 shows the root activity of tobacco plants for different bio-organic fertilizers of example 1;

FIG. 7 shows the malondialdehyde content in the root system of tobacco plants of different bio-organic fertilizers of example 1;

FIG. 8 shows the catalase activity of the tobacco plant roots of different bio-organic fertilizers of example 1;

FIG. 9 shows the tobacco plant heights for different bio-organic fertilizers of example 2;

FIG. 10 shows the maximum leaf area of tobacco plants for different bio-organic fertilizers of example 2;

FIG. 11 shows the fresh weight of the aerial parts of tobacco plants of different bio-organic fertilizers of example 2;

FIG. 12 is the total length of the root system of tobacco plants for different bio-organic fertilizers of example 2;

FIG. 13 is the tobacco plant root volume for different bio-organic fertilizers of example 2;

FIG. 14 shows the root activity of tobacco plants for different bio-organic fertilizers of example 2.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1: simulation test of potting 1-screening of different bioorganic fertilizers

The method is carried out in 2015 for 9-11 months. The variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326. The pH of the test soil is 6.71, the organic matter is 34.36g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 169.45mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 30.32mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 101.21mg/kg, and the test soil is taken from a rice field of a hoeing base of Hunan agriculture university and dried for later use. The biological organic fertilizer for the test is attapulgite composite microbial organic fertilizer (Gansu Xinqing environmental protection science and technology, Inc., Xinqing brand, the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, and N + P₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 5 percent), tobacco stalk bio-organic fertilizer (Xiangxi tobacco company, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.7 hundred million/g, organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and N + P₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 5 percent), three-cake integrated bio-organic fertilizer (Hunan Jinye Youwang science and technology, Inc., Yongwan brand, effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, organic matter is more than or equal to 70 percent, and N + P₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 8 percent), and a multi-effect biological organic fertilizer for middle-smoke (Chinese tobacco agricultural scientific research institute, the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, includingQuality of the product is more than or equal to 30 percent, and N + P₂O₅+K₂O is more than or equal to 5 percent). N, P for improving seedling fertilizer₂O₅、K₂The O content is 20%, 0% and 8.8% respectively.

The experiment was performed with 5 treatments, each of which was: t1, attapulgite composite microbial organic fertilizer; t2, tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer; t3, combining three cakes into a biological organic fertilizer; t4, a multi-effect biological organic fertilizer for middle-smoke; CK, no application of bio-organic fertilizer. The dosage of the biological organic fertilizer is 20g per plant. The pot culture test is adopted, the pot specification is 25cm multiplied by 40cm, and each pot is filled with 12kg of rice soil. Uniformly mixing the fire soil ash and the bio-organic fertilizer according to the ratio of 1:25 to prepare a transplanting stump-setting fertilizer, applying the transplanting stump-setting fertilizer into the rice soil (0.5 kg/pot) hollowed in the middle of the nutrition pot, and then cultivating the tobacco seedlings on the transplanting stump-setting fertilizer. Transplanting 1 tobacco seedling with 7 leaves and 1 heart and basically consistent size in each pot, and watering thoroughly to fix roots. And 5g of fertilizer is applied for seedling extraction 7 days after transplantation.

(1) Influence on root length

As can be seen from fig. 1, the total length of

root systems

15d, 25d, 35d, T2, T3, T4 after the tobacco seedling is transplanted is significantly higher than T1, CK, and T1 is significantly smaller than CK; the total length of roots of T2, T3 and T4 at 45d and 55d after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted is obviously higher than that of the roots of T1 and CK; at 65d after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the total length of the root systems of T3 is obviously higher than that of T1, T2, T4 and CK. Therefore, the early-stage extension of the T1 root system is damaged by the bio-organic fertilizer, but the later stage can be recovered; the T2, T3 and T4 biological organic matters can promote root elongation, and the T3 biological organic fertilizer has the best effect of promoting root elongation.

(2) Influence on root volume

As can be seen from fig. 2, the root volumes of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are significantly higher than CK, and especially the difference is larger after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 45d, which indicates that the bio-organic fertilizer can promote the increase of the root volume of the tobacco seedlings. After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 65d, the root system volumes of T3 and T4 are obviously higher than those of T1 and T2, and the effect that different biological organic fertilizers promote the increase of the root system volumes through T3 and T4 is better.

(3) Influence on average root diameter

As can be seen from fig. 3, the average root diameters of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are significantly higher than CK, and particularly the difference is larger after 55d of tobacco seedling transplantation. Therefore, the biological organic fertilizer can promote the thickening of the tobacco seedling root system, and different biological organic fertilizers have better effects of promoting the thickening of the root system by T3 and T4.

(4) Influence on the number of branches in the root System

As can be seen from fig. 4, the root branch numbers of T2, T3 and T4 are significantly higher than those of T1 and CK at 15d, 25d and 35d after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted; at 45d after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the root system branch numbers of T1, T2, T3 and T4 are obviously higher than that of CK, and particularly the root system branch numbers of T2, T3 and T4 are obviously higher than that of T1. And when the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 55 days, the root system branch numbers of T2 and T3 are obviously higher than those of T1, T4 and CK, and the root system branch numbers of T1 and T4 are also obviously higher than those of CK. At 65 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the root system branch number of T2 and T3 is obviously higher than that of T1, T4 and CK, and the root system branch number of CK is also obviously higher than that of T1 and T4. Therefore, different biological organic fertilizers have better effect of promoting the increase of the branch number by T2 and T3.

(5) Influence on the Dry weight of the root System

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the difference in the weight of each treated root was not significant 15 days after the tobacco seedlings were transplanted. At 25 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, dry matters of root systems of T2, T3, T4 and CK are obviously larger than that of T1. And at 35d and 45d after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the dry matter of root systems of T2, T3 and T4 is larger than that of the root systems of T1 and CK. The dry matter of the root systems of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is obviously larger than CK at 55d and 65d after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted. The dry matter of the root system of T3 was the highest for the different treatments. The application of the biological organic fertilizer can promote the root growth of tobacco plants, is favorable for dry matter accumulation, and has the best effect of promoting the dry matter accumulation by using T3.

(6) Influence on root vigor

As can be seen from FIG. 6, at 15d and 25d after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the root system activity is T2 > T3 > T4 > CK > T1; wherein, the root system activity of T2, T3 and T4 is obviously higher than that of T1 and CK. Until 35d after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the root system activity is T3 > T2 > T4 > T1 > CK; wherein, the root system activity of T2, T3 and T4 is obviously higher than that of CK. After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 45d, the root activity of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is obviously higher than that of CK, and the root activity of T3 is the highest. From the dynamic aspect of the root system activity, the activity of the root system is increased after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 45 days, and then the activity of the root system treated by each treatment is reduced. Therefore, the application of the biological organic fertilizer can improve the root activity of the tobacco plants, so that the effect of improving the root activity by using T3 is the best.

(7) Influence on the malondialdehyde content of root system

As can be seen from fig. 7, the malondialdehyde content of the root system of T1 was significantly higher at 15d, 25d, 35d after the tobacco seedlings were transplanted than at other treatments; after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted for 35d, the malondialdehyde content of the root systems of T1 and CK is relatively high, and the malondialdehyde content of the root systems of T2, T3 and T4 is relatively low. The malondialdehyde is mainly generated due to the damage of plant organs under the stress condition, and can reflect the stress damage degree of the plant organs. The content of malondialdehyde in the root system of the attapulgite bio-organic fertilizer is relatively high in the early stage, and the attapulgite bio-organic fertilizer can be presumed to be harmful to the root system. The content of the malondialdehyde of CK after 35d is high, and the CK is possibly caused by lack of fertilizer (only a seedling raising fertilizer is applied).

(8) Influence on Catalase Activity of root systems

As can be seen from fig. 8, the difference in the activity of catalase of the root system was large between the treatments 15d after the tobacco seedlings were transplanted, which is shown as follows: t3 > T2 > T4 > CK > T1. After 15d of tobacco seedling transplantation, the catalase activity of the root systems of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is higher than that of CK, wherein after 45d of tobacco seedling transplantation, the catalase activity of the root systems of T1, T2, T3 and T4 is obviously higher than that of CK. The results show that the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can improve the catalase activity of the root system except that the applied attapulgite bio-organic fertilizer is damaged at the early stage.

The above example results show that the transplanting and root-fixing fertilizer prepared from the bio-organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash is applied to the root area soil, so that the length, the volume, the diameter and the branch number of the root system of the flue-cured tobacco can be increased, the root system activity of the flue-cured tobacco can be improved, the quality of the flue-cured tobacco can be increased, and the transplanting and root-fixing fertilizer prepared from the three-cake-in-one bio-organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash has the best growth promoting effect on the flue. The attapulgite composite microbial organic fertilizer has an injury effect on root growth in the early stage.

Example 2: pot culture simulation test 2-research on dosage of different biological organic fertilizers

The test was carried out in 2015 at the tobacco base of the university of agriculture in Hunan. The variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326. The soil for the pot experiment is rice soil, the pH value of the soil is 6.71, the organic matter is 34.36g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 169.45mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 30.32mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 101.21 mg/kg.

The biological organic fertilizer for the test is three cakesThe integrated bio-organic fertilizer (Hunan Jinye popular science and technology Co., Ltd., species Wang brand, effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, organic matter is more than or equal to 70 percent, N + P₂O₅+K₂O≥8％)。

And 9 treatments are set, namely: T1-T4, wherein 25 g/plant, 20 g/plant, 15 g/plant and 10 g/plant of biological fertilizer are respectively applied, and 500 g/plant of fire soil ash is respectively applied; the biological fertilizer and the fire soil ash are not fermented;

T5-T8, wherein 25 g/plant, 20 g/plant, 15 g/plant and 10 g/plant of biological fertilizer are respectively applied, and 500 g/plant of fire soil ash is respectively applied; fermenting the biological fertilizer and the fire soil ash for 15 d;

CK, no application of bio-organic fertilizer.

The pot culture test is adopted, the pot specification is 25cm multiplied by 40cm, and each pot is filled with 12kg of rice soil. In order to simulate the environment of flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere hole application of bio-organic fertilizer, 500g of air-dried and crushed fire-soil ash and the corresponding bio-organic fertilizer are mixed uniformly in proportion in each pot to prepare the stump-setting fertilizer, the stump-setting fertilizer is applied to the middle of a hollowed nutrition pot, 1 cured tobacco seedling with 7 leaves and 1 core is transplanted in each pot, and root-setting water is thoroughly poured. And 5g of fertilizer is applied for seedling extraction 7 days after transplantation. After 15d of transplanting, 10 tobacco plants were taken for each treatment, and the plant height, the maximum leaf length and width (calculated leaf area: leaf length × leaf width × 0.6345), the fresh weight of the overground part and the dry weight of the plants were measured according to "tobacco agronomic trait survey and measurement method" (YC/T142-2010). Selecting 3 typical tobacco plants in each treatment, analyzing morphological parameters such as root length, volume and the like by adopting an LA-90 multi-parameter root system analysis system, and measuring the activity of the tobacco root system by adopting a TTC method.

(1) Influence on plant height

As can be seen from FIG. 9, the plant heights of T3 and T4 are significantly higher than CK in T1-T4 of the non-fermented bio-organic fertilizer, and are respectively increased by 35.71% and 28.57%. From T5-T8 of fermentation, the plant heights of T6, T7 and T8 are obviously higher than CK and are respectively increased by 42.85%, 42.86% and 35.71%. The biological organic fertilizer with high dosage influences the growth of the plant height, and the fermented biological organic fertilizer is more favorable for promoting the growth of the plant height.

(2) Influence on maximum leaf area

As can be seen from FIG. 10, the maximum leaf area of T1 is significantly lower than CK when viewed from T1-T4 which does not ferment the bio-organic fertilizer. From T5-T8 of fermentation, the maximum leaf areas of T6, T7 and T8 are obviously higher than CK, and are respectively improved by 24.52%, 34.51% and 18.61%. The result shows that the high-dosage biological organic fertilizer influences the increase of the area of the flue-cured tobacco leaves.

(3) Influence on fresh weight of overground part

As can be seen from FIG. 11, the fresh weight of the overground part of T1 is significantly lower than CK from T1-T4 of the unfermented bio-organic fertilizer; the fresh weight of the overground parts of T2, T3 and T4 is obviously higher than that of CK, and is respectively increased by 27.16%, 83.40% and 22.77%. From T5-T8 of fermentation, the fresh weight of the overground parts of T6, T7 and T8 is obviously higher than that of CK, and is respectively improved by 133.20%, 257.61% and 122.50%. Indicating that the high dosage of the bio-organic fertilizer influences the growth of tobacco plants.

(4) Influence on root length

As can be seen from FIG. 12, the total length of root systems of T2, T3 and T4 is obviously higher than that of CK in the aspects of T1-T4 of the unfermented bio-organic fertilizer, and is respectively improved by 69.90%, 73.31% and 62.14%. From T5-T8 of fermentation, the total length of the root system is obviously higher than CK, and is respectively improved by 52.64%, 92.69%, 139.10% and 80.48%. The result shows that the fermented biological organic fertilizer can promote the growth of root system length.

(5) Influence on root volume

As can be seen from fig. 13, from T1 to T4 in which the bio-organic fertilizer is not fermented, the root volumes of T2 and T3 are significantly higher than CK, and are respectively increased by 41.90% and 46.78%. From T5-T8 of fermentation, the root system volumes of T6, T7 and T8 are obviously higher than CK, and are respectively improved by 73.78%, 118.29% and 46.08%. The biological organic fertilizer with high dosage influences the root system volume, and the fermentation of the biological organic fertilizer is more beneficial to increasing the root system volume.

(6) Influence on root vigor

From fig. 14, it can be seen that, from T1-T4 of the non-fermented bio-organic fertilizer, the root activities of T2 and T4 are significantly higher than that of CK, and are respectively improved by 112.33% and 69.02%. From T5-T8 of fermentation, the root activities of T5, T6, T7 and T8 are all obviously higher than that of CK, and are respectively improved by 91.02%, 126.82%, 153.43% and 78.01%. The biological organic fertilizer with high dosage influences the activity of the root system, and the fermentation of the biological organic fertilizer is more beneficial to improving the activity of the root system.

The results of the above examples show that the promotion effect of the fermentation application of the transplanting and stump-setting fertilizer prepared from the bio-organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash on the production of roots and the upper part of the flue-cured tobacco land is superior to that of the non-fermentation application. The over-high consumption of the bio-organic fertilizer (25 g/plant) has an inhibition effect on the growth of flue-cured tobacco, and the inhibition phenomenon is more obvious in the non-fermentation treatment. Therefore, the application amount of the biological organic fertilizer in the root zone is controlled, the best effect is achieved by 15-20 g/plant, and the biological organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash are preferably applied after fermentation, so that the damage to the root system is reduced.

Example 3: field test

In 2016 in a certain base unit in Hunan province. The test field is a flue-cured tobacco-late rice rotation tobacco field, the soil is local representative rice soil, and the irrigation and drainage are convenient; the pH value of the soil is 7.18, the organic matter is 42.34g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 224.86mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 30.68mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 107.22 mg/kg. The variety is K326. The organic matter content of the three-cake-in-one biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 70 percent, N, P percent₂O₅、K₂The content of O is respectively 5.0 percent, 1.5 percent and 1.5 percent, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g; the N, P, K contents of the special base fertilizer for tobacco are respectively 8%, 10% and 11%; n, P, K contents of the seedling-raising fertilizer are respectively 20%, 0% and 8.8%; the N, P, K contents of the special additional fertilizer are respectively 10.0%, 5.0% and 29.0%; the potassium content of the potassium sulfate is 51%.

The experiment was set to 3 treatments. T1 is a transplanting stump-setting fertilizer prepared by applying a three-cake-in-one bio-organic fertilizer and fire soil ash to a root area, mixing the bio-organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash according to the mass ratio of 1:25, and fermenting the mixture at the water content of 30-35 wt%; t2 is the traditional application method, namely strip-applying three-cake-in-one bio-organic fertilizer during ridging, and applying fire soil ash as stump-mounting fertilizer; CK is that no biological organic fertilizer is applied, and fire soil ash is applied to serve as the stump-mounting fertilizer. During transplanting, transplanting stump-setting fertilizer prepared by bio-organic fertilizer and fire soil ash is applied to transplanting holes according to 500g per plant; the strip application method comprises the steps of ditching on ridges, spreading the biological organic fertilizer or the special base fertilizer for the tobacco in the strip application ditches, covering soil and then opening transplanting holes. Transplanting in the middle and last ten days of 3 months; applying the seedling-extracting fertilizer for 3 times during transplanting, 1 week and 2 weeks after transplanting; applying special tobacco topdressing 30 days after transplanting; after transplanting for 45 days, 150kg/hm of potassium sulfate fertilizer is applied². Transplanting density 16680 strains/hm²(120 cm. times.50 cm). Topping at the initial flowering stage, and reserving 18-20 leaves. OthersThe cultivation management measures are consistent.

(1) Influence on the root system

Table 1 shows the root morphology index and root activity of flue-cured tobacco in the root extension period. After the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted for 10d and 20d, the root form index and activity are both shown to be T1 which is obviously higher than T2 and CK, and the difference between T2 and CK is not obvious. Compared with T2, the root length, the average diameter, the volume, the branch number and the root activity of T1 are respectively 12.18%, 21.36%, 34.13%, 28.78% and 24.41% higher than those of T2 at 10d after transplantation; at 20d after transplanting, the root length, average diameter, volume, branch number and root activity of T1 are respectively 90.20%, 51.06%, 34.69%, 45.66% and 35.87% higher than those of T2. The application of the bio-organic fertilizer in the root area is proved to be beneficial to the early growth and the quick growth of the flue-cured tobacco.

TABLE 1 root morphology index and Activity of flue-cured tobacco during root extension period

(2) Influence on agronomic traits

As can be seen from Table 2, in the flue-cured tobacco in the bulk stage, the differences of plant height, stem circumference and leaf number of different treatments are not significant, but the maximum leaf area of T1 is significantly higher than that of T2 and CK; the maximum leaf area of T1 was 26.40% greater than that of T2. In the flue-cured tobacco topping period, the plant heights and the leaf numbers of different treatments are not obviously different, but the stem circumference and the maximum leaf area are obviously different, mainly T1 is obviously higher than T2 and CK; the stem circumference and the maximum leaf area of the T1 are respectively 4.59 percent and 19.29 percent larger than those of the T2. The application of the bio-organic fertilizer in the root area is proved to be beneficial to the vegetative growth of the flue-cured tobacco.

TABLE 2 agronomic traits of plants at different growth periods

(3) Effect on chlorophyll

As can be seen from Table 3, in the flue-cured tobacco topping period, the SPAD values of T1 are all significantly higher than those of T2 and CK from 1-6 leaf positions; wherein, the SPAD value difference of the inverted 1 leaves reaches a significant level; the SPAD value of T1 was on average 9.23% higher than that of T2. In the 1 st harvest and roast period, from 1 to 6 leaf positions, the SPAD value of T1 is higher than that of T2 and CK; wherein, the SPAD value difference of leaf positions from 1 to 5 reaches a significant level; the SPAD value of T1 was 14.10% higher on average than that of T2. The application of the biological organic fertilizer in the root zone is proved to be beneficial to improving the chlorophyll content and the tobacco leaf curing resistance of the flue-cured tobacco leaves.

TABLE 3 SPAD values of tobacco leaves in different growth periods

(4) Influence on photosynthetic Properties

As can be seen from Table 4, in the flue-cured tobacco topping period, the difference between the porosity conductance and the transpiration rate of different treatments is significant, and mainly T1 is significantly higher than T2 and CK; the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate of T1 were 7.18%, 21.95%, 5.63% and 31.70% higher than those of T2, respectively. In the 1 st flue-curing period of flue-cured tobacco, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate of different treatments are obviously different, and mainly T1 is obviously higher than T2 and CK; the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate of T1 were 23.75%, 25.00%, 8.31% and 14.60% higher than those of T2, respectively. The biological organic fertilizer applied to the root zone is favorable for improving the photosynthetic capacity of the tobacco leaves.

TABLE 4 photosynthetic characteristic parameters of flue-cured tobacco at different growth periods

(5) Influence on physical properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves

As can be seen from Table 5, the difference between the thickness and the weight of the treated leaves is not significant from the B2F grade; the T1 slicing rate is obviously higher than T2 and CK, the peduncle content is obviously lower than T2 and CK, and the single leaf weight and the equilibrium water content are obviously higher than T2 and CK; the physical property indexes of different treatments are obviously different, and the physical property index of T1 is 5.03 percent higher than that of T2. From the C3F grade, the blade thickness, the single blade weight, the balance water content and the difference of the blade weight are not obvious in different treatment rooms; the T1 slicing rate is obviously higher than T2 and CK, and the peduncle content is obviously lower than T2 and CK; the physical property indexes of different treatments are obviously different, and the physical property index of T1 is 6.49 percent higher than that of T2. The biological organic fertilizer applied to the root zone can improve the physical characteristic index of the tobacco leaves.

TABLE 5 physical Properties of tobacco leaves treated differently

(6) Influence on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves

As can be seen from Table 6, the difference between treatments of total nitrogen and chlorine contents of tobacco leaves among different treatments is not significant from the B2F grade; the content difference of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine and potassium of tobacco leaves in different treatment periods is obvious, the content of T1 total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium is obviously higher than that of T2 and CK, and the content of nicotine is obviously lower than that of T2 and CK; from the chemical composition index, T1 is obviously higher than T2 and CK, and the chemical composition index of T1 is 24.39 percent higher than that of T2. From the C3F level, the difference between treatments of the total nitrogen and chlorine contents of the tobacco leaves among different treatments is not obvious; the content difference of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine and potassium of tobacco leaves in different treatment periods is obvious, the content of T1 total sugar and reducing sugar is obviously higher than that of T2 and CK, the content of nicotine is obviously lower than that of CK, and the content of potassium is obviously higher than that of CK; from the chemical composition index, T1 is significantly higher than T2 and CK, and the chemical composition index of T1 is 12.53% higher than that of T2. The application of the biological organic fertilizer in the root zone can improve the availability index of chemical components, and particularly has better effect on upper tobacco leaves.

TABLE 6 chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco treated differently

(7) Influence on sensory evaluation of flue-cured tobacco leaves

As can be seen from Table 7, the sensory panel score ranks among the different treatments with respect to the B2F scale: t1 is more than T2 is more than CK, the difference is obvious, and the T1 is mainly reflected to be superior in indexes such as aroma quality, aroma quantity, penetrability, sweetness and the like; the total sensory panel score of T1 was 2.26% higher than that of T2 and 9.74% higher than that of CK. Regarding the C3F rating, the sensory panel total scores between different treatments were ranked as: t1 is more than T2 is more than CK, the difference is obvious, and the T1 is mainly reflected to be superior in indexes such as aroma quality, aroma quantity, miscellaneous gas, sweetness, aftertaste and the like; the total sensory panel score of T1 was 3.98% higher than that of T2 and 9.92% higher than that of CK. The application of the bio-organic fertilizer in the root area can improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaf smoking.

TABLE 7 sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco processed differently

(8) Influence on economic traits

As can be seen from table 8, the economic performance indexes such as the first-class smoke proportion, the average price, the yield and the yield value are significantly different among different treatments, and the main expression is that the first-class smoke proportion, the average price, the yield and the yield value of T1 are significantly higher than those of T2 and CK, and the average price, the yield and the yield value of T2 and CK are not significantly different. Compared with T2, the T1 has the advantages that the upper smoke proportion, the average price, the yield and the output value of T1 are respectively 5.96%, 4.65%, 12.38% and 13.22%; compared with CK, T1 shows that the first smoke proportion, the average price, the yield and the yield of T1 are 21.13%, 9.15%, 8.65% and 12.28% respectively higher. Therefore, the economic characters of the tobacco leaves can be improved by applying the biological organic fertilizer to the root area.

(9) Impact on Net revenue

As can be seen from Table 8, the cost of physical and chemical properties of the bio-organic fertilizer added into T1 and T2 is higher than that of CK; the T1 adopts root zone fertilization, and has higher labor cost than the T2 and CK which are applied in a row. But the net profit size ordering is: t1 > T2 > CK, with significant differences between treatments. The net benefit of T1 is 14.42% and 16.59% higher than that of T2 and CK respectively. The application of the biological organic fertilizer in the root area is shown to improve the net income of the tobacco leaves.

TABLE 8 economic Effect of different treatments

Note: the materialization cost mainly comprises specialized service cost for purchasing tobacco seedlings, ploughing and ridging and modulating, and investment cost of pesticides, fertilizers and the like; the labor cost mainly comprises the labor in the aspects of field management, pest control, modulation, classification and the like, and is calculated according to 75 yuan/d.

(10) Influence on the parameters of nitrogen utilization

As can be seen from Table 8, the magnitude of the partial productivity of the nitrogen fertilizer is ordered as follows: t1 > CK > T2, T1 is obviously higher than T2 and CK, and is respectively 12.38% and 8.61% higher; the nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity of CK is higher than T2, but the difference is not significant. The nitrogen fertilizer partial production efficiency is sorted as follows: t1 is more than T2 is more than CK, T1 is obviously higher than T2 and CK, respectively 17.51 percent and 18.49 percent; the nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency of T2 is higher than CK, but the difference is not obvious. Therefore, the application of the bio-organic fertilizer in the root zone can improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer.

The above example researches show that the transplanting stump-setting fertilizer prepared from the rice stubble flue-cured tobacco by using the bio-organic fertilizer and the fire soil ash can be applied to the root area to improve the first-class tobacco proportion, the yield value, the physical characteristic index, the chemical component index, the sensory evaluation total score, the nitrogen fertilizer partial production capacity and the nitrogen fertilizer partial production benefit by 5.96%, 12.38%, 13.22%, 5.76%, 18.46%, 3.12%, 12.38% and 17.51% respectively compared with the transplanting stump-setting fertilizer, and the first-class tobacco proportion, the yield value, the physical characteristic index, the chemical component index, the sensory evaluation total score, the nitrogen fertilizer partial production capacity and the nitrogen fertilizer partial production benefit can be improved by 21.13%, 8.65%, 12.28%, 8.61%, 21.95%, 9.83%, 8.61% and 18.49% respectively, so that the tobacco plant growth can be accelerated, the tobacco leaf photosynthetic capacity can be improved, the tobacco leaf quality can be improved, and the yield and the.

Claims

1. A stump-setting fertilizer for transplanting flue-cured tobacco in rice stubble is characterized by comprising a bio-organic fertilizer and fire soil ash; wherein the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the fire soil ash is 1: 25-35;

the biological organic fertilizer is a three-cake-in-one biological organic fertilizer; the effective viable count of the three-cake-in-one bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the content of N + P₂O₅+K₂O≥8％；

The fire soil ash passes through a 0.5-1.0 cm mesh screen.

2. The stump-setting fertilizer for rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplantation as claimed in claim 1, which is obtained by mixing the components and then carrying out film covering fermentation treatment.

3. The counter root fertilizer for rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting according to claim 2, wherein the water content of the transplanting counter root fertilizer is controlled to be 30-35% in the film covering fermentation process.

4. The application method of the stump-setting fertilizer for rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that tobacco seedlings are directly transplanted on the stump-setting fertilizer.

5. The application method of the antou fertilizer for rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplantation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the application amount of the antou fertilizer is 400-500 g per plant; the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 15-20 g per plant.

6. The application method of the stump-setting fertilizer for rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplantation as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein before the flue-cured tobacco seedling transplantation, large holes are formed on the ridge surfaces with ridges according to the transplanting plant spacing, the hole depth is 10-15 cm, and the diameter is 15-20 cm;

quantitatively applying the andong fertilizer into the opened big hole according to the plant number and uniformly mixing the andong fertilizer with soil in the hole; then pressing a small hole slightly larger than the seedling tray hole on the stump-mounting fertilizer applied into the seedling hole; putting tobacco seedlings into the small holes, and watering root fixing water after covering soil.