CN114391328B - Method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash - Google Patents
Method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N2033/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash, belonging to the technical field of soil treatment and restoration. The method comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a composite modifier; s2: detecting parameters; s3: turning over soil layer by layer; s4: and (5) covering a film and paving. The ash slag generated in the flue-cured tobacco baking process is prepared into the composite modifying agent through optimized modification, the composite modifying agent is used for modifying the soil of an acidic tobacco field, the sustainable utilization of the acidic tobacco field is realized, the combustion effect is ensured by preparing the tobacco straw into the biomass fuel, and meanwhile, the combusted ash slag is used for improving the soil acidity, so that the soil acidity can be neutralized, the effective state mineral substance component of the soil is supplemented, the heavy metal residue is reduced, and the sustainable development of the flue-cured tobacco production of the acidic soil is realized; the soil is added with the composite modifier in a layered manner, so that the surface soil layer and the deep soil layer can be fully improved, the pH value of the acid tobacco field soil can be increased, the acidity of the acid tobacco field soil is weakened, the sustainability is long, meanwhile, the effective mineral components of the soil can be effectively supplemented, and the rapid restoration of the soil fertility is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil treatment and restoration, and particularly relates to a method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-cured house biomass fuel ash.
Background
Tobacco is one of important economic crops in China and one of main tax sources in China, and plays an important role in national economy. According to the statistics of the national tobacco monopoly, in the whole country of tobacco planting district, huang-Huai-Hai tobacco district (southeast of inner Mongolia autonomous region, all of Hebei, shanxi and Shandong, most of Shanxi and Henan, jiangsu and Anhui-Huai river in North and Jing and jin direct prefectures) is the largest tobacco production area in China and accounts for more than 50% of the total yield of the whole country.
The soil environment suitable for the growth of the tobacco is mainly from subacid to neutral (the pH range is 5.5-6.5), and the peracid or the over-alkali influences the growth and development of the root system of the tobacco, and simultaneously influences the biological effectiveness of soil nutrients, so that the tobacco cannot absorb the soil nutrients easily.
The curing barn is mainly used for curing the harvested tobacco leaves. The curing barn comprises a heating chamber and a tobacco loading chamber, the harvested tobacco leaves are bound with rods and then are loaded in the tobacco loading chamber, and heat is supplied to the tobacco loading chamber through the heating chamber to finish curing of the tobacco leaves. The traditional tobacco leaf baking mainly uses coal as fuel for heat supply, and under the large backgrounds of energy conservation and emission reduction, double-carbon target and the like, the solid biomass granular fuel is regarded as the best biomass energy in the application prospects of the current and future bulk curing barn, and can reduce pollution, reduce cost and improve efficiency and achieve the aims of environmental protection and low carbon on the premise of ensuring the tobacco leaf baking quality. Therefore, in recent years, biomass fuel curing barn is mainly popularized and applied in each main tobacco area.
Flue-cured tobacco can generate a large amount of slag in the baking process, the slag can be used for improving acid soil and realizing sustainable utilization of an acid tobacco field, when the existing modifier prepared by the slag is used for treating the acid tobacco field soil, the soil cannot be ploughed in a layering way, deep soil is easy to be treated incompletely, moisture detection is not carried out when the modifier is thrown, meanwhile, a covering film is not laid on the soil, the loss of nutrients such as soil organic matters and the like and the loss of the modifier are easy to cause, and the improvement effect is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for improving acid tobacco field soil by utilizing flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of composite modifier
S11: grinding and sorting the ash slag baked in the baking room, sieving the ash slag by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain fine ash serving as a raw material, and continuously grinding the residual ash slag until the use requirement is met;
s12: taking 55-65 parts of fine ash separated in the step S11, 15-25 parts of charcoal, 60-80 parts of tobacco straw decomposed fertilizer, 2-4 parts of microbial agent and 20-25 parts of animal manure, fully mixing, and performing fermentation treatment at 45-65 ℃ for 15-20 days;
s13: placing the product fermented in the step S12 in a granulator for granulation to obtain the composite modifier;
s2: parameter detection
Taking layered sampling to the soil with the depth of 10-15cm on each layer, sequentially dividing the soil into a surface layer and a subsurface layer from top to bottom, taking the rest as a bottom layer, sampling and detecting the pH value of the soil, judging the addition of the composite conditioner according to the detection value, and taking the application standard of the composite conditioner as follows: the pH value is between 4.5 and 5.5, the application amount is 500 kg/mu, the pH value is between 4.0 and 4.5, and the application amount is 1000 kg/mu; when the pH value of the subsurface soil is greater than 5.5, the composite modifier is applied to the subsurface soil only during plowing, and when the pH value of the subsurface soil is less than 5.5, the composite modifier is applied to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer during plowing;
s3: soil layer by layer ploughing
When the composite modifier is applied to the surface soil only, uniformly spraying the composite modifier in the step S1 into the surface soil according to the required addition amount, and turning and uniformly mixing;
when the composite modifying agent is applied to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer, deeply ploughing the tobacco field soil to be modified to be 10-15cm away from the ground by using a ploughing device, uniformly spraying the composite modifying agent in the step S1 into the subsurface layer soil according to the required addition amount, detecting the water content of the subsurface layer soil, when the water content is lower than 35%, continuously and uniformly spraying the composite modifying agent into the subsurface layer, ploughing and uniformly mixing, then paving the soil in the subsurface layer until the ploughing layer is flush with the ground to form the surface layer, and finally spraying the composite modifying agent into the surface layer soil, and ploughing uniformly;
s4: film covering and laying
Dividing the tobacco field soil processed in the step S3 into a plurality of parallel rows, leveling the land among the rows, paving a film on the surface of each row of soil, and paving the film on the upper end of the soil to inhibit the evaporation of soil moisture and the loss of a composite modifier, thereby reducing the soil improvement effect, and the paving in rows is to reduce the difficulty of paving the film integrally.
Further, the biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing, grinding and sieving tobacco straws, wherein the particle size of the biochar is 50-100 microns. A large amount of ash is generated in the tobacco curing process, and the ash can be used for improving acid soil and realizing the sustainable utilization of an acid tobacco field.
Further, the microbial agent in the step S12 is a mixed microbial agent prepared by mixing bacillus licheniformis and bacillus megaterium according to a weight ratio of 1.
Further, in the step S3, before the composite conditioner is sprayed to each plough layer, the water amount of the tobacco field soil of each plough layer is detected, if the water content is greater than 35%, the tobacco field soil is aired and loosened until the water content is lower than 35%, and then the composite conditioner is sprayed, so that the loss of nutrients such as organic matters, available phosphorus and the like in the soil and the loss of the composite conditioner caused by excessive soil moisture is avoided, and the soil improvement effect is reduced.
Furthermore, in the step S4, the gap between two adjacent rows of the coated films is 5-10cm, and a proper gap is arranged between two adjacent rows of the coated films, so that the coated films are convenient to lay, the unpaved soil can be minimized, and the evaporation capacity of soil moisture and the loss of the composite modifier are reduced as much as possible.
Furthermore, when the mulching film is laid on the tobacco field soil in the step S4, each plough layer is laid independently, so that the compound modifying agent is prevented from permeating among the plough layers, excessive soil is accumulated at the bottommost layer under the action of gravity, the compound modifying agent is difficult to degrade, and the content of the compound modifying agent in the upper layer soil is insufficient, so that the improvement effect is reduced.
Further, when the compound modifying agent is sprayed in the S3, the modifying effect is prevented from being influenced by secondary pollution of soil caused by excessive addition or insufficient addition according to the application amount of 500-1000 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the plowing device comprises a plowing main body, a depth adjusting assembly and a plowing assembly, wherein the bottom end of the plowing main body is provided with a roller, the side wall of the plowing main body is provided with a push rod, the depth adjusting assembly is arranged in the plowing main body, the plowing assembly is positioned at the bottom end of the plowing main body and connected with the depth adjusting assembly, the depth adjusting assembly comprises two adjusting frames which are arranged in the plowing main body and horizontally arranged from top to bottom, a cross frame which is arranged between the two adjusting frames and is hinged with the middle of the two support rods in a cross mode, a spiral rod which is horizontally arranged in the adjusting frames, a rotating handle is arranged on the spiral rod positioned at the lower end, the upper end of one support rod is connected with the spiral rod positioned at the upper end through a sliding block, the lower end of the other support rod is hinged with the inner wall of the plowing main body, and the upper end of the other support rod is connected with the spiral rod positioned at the lower end through a sliding block, and the upper end of the other support rod is hinged with the inner wall of the plowing main body; the plowing assembly comprises plowing teeth and a driving mechanism, the plowing teeth and the driving mechanism are connected with an adjusting frame located at the upper end through an L-shaped connecting frame, the plowing teeth rotate a motor, a containing box used for containing a composite modifying agent is arranged in a plowing main body, a spraying opening connected with the containing box through a connecting pipe is formed in the bottom end of the plowing main body, when tobacco field soil is required to be plowed, a worker pushes a push rod to enable the plowing main body to move, the starting motor drives the plowing teeth to plow the soil, when the plowing depth is required to be adjusted, a rotating handle can be shaken clockwise or anticlockwise through an access, a sliding block corresponding to two supporting rods can move simultaneously on a spiral rod, the two supporting rods move oppositely or oppositely, the plowing teeth are driven to move up and down, and plowing of soil with different depths is completed.
Furthermore, the bottom end of the plowing main body is positioned on the rear side of the plowing teeth, and a mudguard is arranged on the rear side of the plowing teeth, so that the situation that soil is splashed backwards during plowing to affect the use of workers is avoided.
Furthermore, a reinforcing telescopic rod is arranged between the L-shaped connecting frame and the bottom end of the inner wall of the main plowing body, and the mounting firmness of the plowing teeth can be improved through the reinforcing telescopic rod.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the ash generated in the flue-cured tobacco baking process is prepared into the composite modifier through optimized modification, the composite modifier is used for improving the acid tobacco field soil, the sustainable utilization of the acid tobacco field is realized, the combustion effect is ensured by preparing the tobacco straw into the biomass fuel, the combusted ash is used for improving the soil acidity, the soil acidity can be neutralized, the effective state mineral substance component of the soil is supplemented, the heavy metal residue is reduced, and the sustainable development of the acid soil flue-cured tobacco production is realized;
(2) According to the invention, the composite modifier is added to the soil in a layered manner, so that the surface soil layer and the deep soil layer can be fully modified, the pH value of the acid tobacco field soil can be increased, the acidity of the acid tobacco field soil is weakened, the continuity is long, the rapid recovery of the soil fertility is facilitated, meanwhile, the loss of organic matters, effective phosphorus and other nutrient substances in the soil and the composite modifier caused by excessive soil moisture can be avoided by performing moisture detection before the composite modifier is sprayed, and the soil modification effect is reduced;
(3) The mulching film is laid on the upper end of the soil, so that the evaporation of soil moisture can be inhibited, the loss of the composite modifier can be inhibited, the soil improvement effect is reduced, the mulching film is laid in rows to reduce the difficulty of overall laying of the mulching film, meanwhile, each plough layer is laid independently when the mulching film is laid, the composite modifier is prevented from penetrating among the plough layers, excessive soil is accumulated on the bottommost layer under the action of gravity, the composite modifier is difficult to degrade, and the content of the composite modifier in the upper soil is insufficient, so that the improvement effect is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the external structure of the tilling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the plowing device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the improvement of soil pH by the barn biomass fuel ash of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is the soil exchange acid modification by the barn biomass fuel ash of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the soil exchangeability K of the biomass fuel ash of the flue-curing barn + Improvement of (1);
FIG. 6 shows the soil-exchangeable Ca of the biomass fuel ash of the flue-curing barn 2+ Improvement of (1);
FIG. 7 shows the soil-exchangeable Mg of the biomass fuel ash of the curing barn 2+ The improvement of (2);
FIG. 8 is a soil pH change curve diagram obtained after the preparation of the modifier for biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal and alkali residue improves Anhui red soil according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of improvement of Nanjing yellow soil by using a biomass curing barn ash, biomass charcoal and alkali residue preparation modifier according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the biomass barn ash, biomass charcoal and alkali residue preparation modifier of the embodiment of the invention after modification treatment of Hubei yellow brown soil;
FIG. 11 is a bar graph of soil acid buffer capacity obtained after improvement treatment of Hubei yellow brown soil by using a biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal and alkali residue preparation modifier according to an embodiment of the invention;
wherein, 1-ploughing main body, 10-roller, 11-push rod, 14-mudguard, 2-depth adjusting component, 20-adjusting rack, 21-cross rack, 210-support rod, 211-slide block, 22-screw rod, 220-rotating handle, 3-ploughing component, 30-ploughing tooth, 300-L connecting rack, 31-ploughing tooth and 32-reinforcing telescopic rod.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for improving acidic tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of composite modifier
S11: grinding and sorting the ash slag baked in the baking room, sieving the ash slag by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain fine ash serving as a raw material, and continuously grinding the residual ash slag until the use requirement is met;
s12: fully mixing 60 parts of fine ash separated in the step S11, 20 parts of charcoal, 70 parts of tobacco straw decomposed fertilizer, 3 parts of microbial agent and 22 parts of animal waste, and performing fermentation treatment at 55 ℃ for 18d; the biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing, grinding and sieving tobacco straws, wherein the particle size of the biochar is 80 microns; the flue-cured tobacco can generate a large amount of ash during the baking process, and the ash can be used for improving acid soil to realize sustainable utilization of an acid tobacco field; the microbial agent in the step S12 is a mixed microbial agent prepared by mixing bacillus licheniformis and bacillus megatherium according to the weight ratio of 1;
s13: placing the product fermented in the step S12 in a granulator for granulation to obtain the composite modifier;
s2: parameter detection
Carry out the layering sample to soil with every layer 15 cm's degree of depth, divide into top layer, sub-top layer from top to bottom in proper order, the remainder is the bottom to sample test soil pH value, and judge the addition of compound amendment according to the detected value, compound amendment's application standard is: the pH value is between 4.5 and 5.5, the application amount is 500 kg/mu, the pH value is between 4.0 and 4.5, and the application amount is 1000 kg/mu; when the pH value of the subsurface soil is greater than 5.5, the composite modifying agent is only applied to the subsurface soil during plowing, and when the pH value of the subsurface soil is less than 5.5, the composite modifying agent is applied to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer during plowing;
s3: soil layer by layer ploughing
When the composite modifier is only applied to the surface soil, uniformly spraying the composite modifier in the step S1 into the surface soil according to the required addition amount, and turning over and uniformly mixing;
when the composite modifying agent is applied to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer, deeply ploughing the tobacco field soil to be modified to 15cm away from the ground by using a ploughing device, uniformly spraying the composite modifying agent in the step S1 into the subsurface layer soil according to the required addition amount, detecting the water content of the subsurface layer soil, continuously and uniformly spraying the composite modifying agent into the subsurface layer when the water content is lower than 35%, ploughing and uniformly mixing, then paving the soil into the subsurface layer soil until the ploughing layer is flush with the ground to form the surface layer, finally spraying the composite modifying agent into the surface layer soil, and ploughing uniformly;
s4: film covering and laying
Dividing the tobacco field soil processed in the step S3 into a plurality of parallel rows, leveling the land between the rows, paving a film on the surface of each row of soil, and paving the film on the upper end of the soil to inhibit the evaporation of soil moisture and the loss of a composite modifier, thereby reducing the soil improvement effect, wherein the paving in rows is to reduce the difficulty of the overall paving of the film;
the gap between two adjacent rows of the covering films is 30cm, and a proper gap is arranged between the two adjacent rows of the covering films, so that the covering films can be conveniently laid, the non-laid soil can be minimized, and the evaporation capacity of soil moisture and the loss of the composite modifier are reduced as much as possible;
s4, when the tobacco field soil is paved and coated with the film, the compound modifying agent is prevented from permeating among plough layers, excessive soil is accumulated on the bottommost layer under the action of gravity, the compound modifying agent is difficult to degrade, and the content of the compound modifying agent in the upper layer soil is insufficient, so that the modifying effect is reduced;
when the composite modifier is sprayed in the step S3, the secondary pollution of the soil caused by excessive addition or the influence of insufficient addition on the improvement effect is avoided according to the application amount of 1000 kg/mu.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that:
and S3, before spraying the composite modifying agent to each plough layer, firstly detecting the water quantity of the tobacco field soil of each plough layer, if the water content is more than 35%, airing and loosening until the water content is lower than 35%, and then spraying the composite modifying agent, so that the loss of organic matters, effective phosphorus and other nutrient substances in the soil and the composite modifying agent caused by excessive soil water is avoided, and the soil modifying effect is reduced.
Example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2 except that:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the tilling device includes a tilling main body 1 having rollers 10 at the bottom and push rods 11 on the side walls, a depth adjusting assembly 2 disposed in the tilling main body 1, and a tilling assembly 3 located at the bottom of the tilling main body 1 and connected to the depth adjusting assembly 2, wherein the depth adjusting assembly 2 includes two adjusting frames 20 disposed inside the tilling main body 1 and horizontally disposed from top to bottom, a cross frame 21 disposed between the two adjusting frames 20 and cross-hinged with the middle of two support rods 210, a screw rod 22 horizontally disposed in the adjusting frame 20, a rotating handle 220 is disposed on the screw rod 22 located at the lower end, the upper end of one support rod 210 is connected to the screw rod 22 located at the upper end through a slider 211, the lower end of the one support rod is hinged with the inner wall of the tilling main body 1, the upper end of the other support rod 210 is connected to the screw rod 22 located at the lower end through a slider 211, and the upper end of the other support rod 210 is hinged with the inner wall of the tilling main body 1; the plowing component 3 comprises plowing teeth 30 connected with an adjusting frame 20 positioned at the upper end through an L-shaped connecting frame 300 and a motor 31 for driving the plowing teeth 30 to rotate, a containing box 12 for containing a composite modifying agent is arranged in the plowing main body 1, a spraying opening 13 connected with the containing box 12 through a connecting pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the plowing main body 1, when plowing tobacco field soil is needed, a worker pushes a push rod 11 to move the plowing main body 1, the motor 31 is started to drive the plowing teeth 30 to plow the soil, when the plowing depth is needed to be adjusted, a rotating handle 220 can be rotated clockwise or anticlockwise, so that sliding blocks 211 corresponding to two supporting rods 210 can simultaneously move on a spiral rod 22, the two supporting rods 210 can move oppositely or oppositely, the plowing teeth 30 are driven to move up and down, and plowing of the soil with different depths is completed;
a mudguard 14 is arranged at the bottom end of the main plowing body 1 and behind the plowing teeth 30, so that the situation that soil is splashed backwards during plowing to affect the use of workers is avoided;
a reinforcing telescopic rod 32 is arranged between the L-shaped connecting frame 300 and the bottom end of the inner wall of the main plowing body 1, and the mounting firmness of the plowing teeth 30 can be improved through the reinforcing telescopic rod 32.
Test examples
The method comprises the following steps of respectively preparing a modifier by utilizing biomass baking house ash, biomass charcoal and alkaline residue, respectively carrying out acid modification on three different test soils, and setting a control group for each test soil modification process to obtain a soil pH change curve chart and a soil acid buffer capacity histogram, wherein the concrete steps are as follows:
1. the modifier prepared from the biomass baking room ash, the biomass charcoal and the alkaline residue is used for modifying Anhui red soil, and the pH change curve graph of the obtained soil is shown in FIG. 8;
2. the modifier prepared by the biomass baking room ash, the biomass charcoal and the alkaline residue is used for modifying Nanjing yellow soil, and a curve chart is obtained as shown in figure 9;
3. the modifier prepared by the biomass baking room ash, the biomass charcoal and the alkaline residue of the embodiment of the invention is used for modifying the Hubei yellow brown soil, and the obtained curve chart is as shown in figure 10:
therefore, the biomass flue-curing barn ash of the embodiment of the invention has the most obvious effect of improving the pH of the soil and has better improvement effect, the pH of the soil shows a slow rising trend after the biomass flue-curing barn ash of the embodiment of the invention is applied to Anhui red soil and Nanjing yellow soil, the biomass flue-curing barn ash of the embodiment of the invention contains alkaline substances with slow release, and the pH of four kinds of soil to be treated in the yellow brown soil in Hubei gradually decreases along with the culture time, wherein the pH of the soil to be treated by the biomass flue-curing barn ash of the embodiment of the invention is the lowest in decrease, and the decrease is related to the slow release of the alkaline substances.
4. The modifier prepared by the biomass barn ash, the biomass charcoal and the alkaline residue is used for modifying the yellow brown soil in the north of the Hubei province, and a soil acid buffer capacity histogram is obtained and is shown in a figure 11;
the soil acid buffer capacity represents the acidification resistance of the soil, and the larger the acid buffer capacity is, the stronger the acidification resistance of the soil is, and the longer the improvement effect duration of the conditioner is. According to the histogram, the ash energy of the biomass barn in the embodiment of the inventionThe soil acid buffer capacity can be remarkably improved, and the improvement effect of the biomass flue-curing barn ash disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is longer in effect, and the content of calcite in the ash is high. The biomass flue-curing barn ash of the embodiment of the invention not only contains strong alkaline substances Ca (OH) 2 Meanwhile, the biomass baking room ash contains alkalescent substances such as calcite and the like, so that the acid buffer effect can be achieved, and the biomass baking room ash can play a role in improving the acid soil for a long time.
5. The biomass flue-curing barn ash residue disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is used for carrying out acid improvement on the soil to be tested, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) Test soil
The soil to be tested is red clay collected from Anhui Lanxi, yellow soil of Jiangsu Nanjing and yellow brown soil of Hubei Enshi, which are all surface soil with the thickness of 0-15cm, the soil sample is naturally air-dried, ground into a 10-mesh sieve for culture experiment, and sieved through a 60-mesh sieve for measuring the basic properties of the soil, the pH of the red clay is 4.22, the organic matter content is 1.63%, and the CEC content is 10.98cmol (+) Kg, yellow soil pH 4.37, organic matter content 2.82%, CEC content 18.37cmol (+) Perkg, yellow brown soil pH of 4.67, organic matter content of 3.21%, CEC content of 14.96cmol (+) /kg；
(2) Culture experiment method
Grinding the flue-cured tobacco ash into powder, sieving the powder by a 0.25mm sieve, measuring the pH value and the EC value, grinding the powder and sieving the powder by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a raw material for preparing the composite modifier, and then measuring the mineral composition of the flue-cured tobacco ash, wherein the specific measurement results are as shown in the following table 1:
table 1: baking ash component
The soil culture experiment is set as a composite modifier prepared by contrast, 3g/kg and 6g/kg baking house ash, each treatment is set to be three times, the composite modifier is fully and uniformly mixed and then is placed into a plastic cup, the water content of the soil is adjusted to 70% of the field water capacity by deionized water, the plastic cup is sealed by a plastic preservative film, a small hole is reserved in the middle of the plastic film, the excessive water loss is prevented, gas exchange is facilitated, the plastic cup is placed into a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for culture, water is supplemented every three days, the constant water content of the soil is ensured, fresh soil samples are taken in days 1, 7, 14, 21, 35, 49 and 63 in the culture process, the soil-water ratio is adjusted to be 1.
(3) Measurement method
The pH and conductivity (EC) of the complex modifier were measured by an Orion720pH meter and an EC215 conductivity meter, respectively, in a suspension system with a solid-to-water ratio of 1 3 60ml of suspension containing 0.5g is dripped to pH5.0 to obtain the acid consumption, namely the Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC), and the mineral composition of the biomass charcoal, the caustic sludge and the biomass ash is measured by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
Mixing a soil sample with deionized water according to a soil-water ratio of 1 4 Extraction of soil-exchangeable base from OAc solution, determination of K by flame photometer (Sherwood M410, sherwood Scientific Ltd, cambridge, UK) + 、Na + Content, determination of Ca by atomic absorption Spectroscopy (NovAA 350, analytik Jena AG, jena, germany) 2+ 、Mg 2+ The content and the measurement result are shown in FIGS. 3-7;
from the above measurement results, it can be seen that the method of examples 1 to 3 improves the acidic tobacco field soil, the pH of the soil is increased, the content of exchangeable acids is significantly reduced, and the soil exchangeable K is + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ The content of the flue-cured tobacco is obviously improved, and therefore, the method for improving the acidic tobacco field soil by using the biomass ash of the curing barn in the embodiments 1 to 3 can improve the pH value of the acidic tobacco field soil, weaken the acidity of the acidic tobacco field soil, have long persistence, supplement effective mineral components of the soil, reduce heavy metal residues and realize a sustainable process of flue-cured tobacco production in the acidic soil.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing house biomass fuel ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparation of composite modifier
S11: grinding and sorting the ash slag baked in the baking room, sieving the ash slag by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain fine ash serving as a raw material, and continuously grinding the residual ash slag until the use requirement is met;
s12: taking 55-65 parts of fine ash separated in the step S11, 15-25 parts of charcoal, 60-80 parts of tobacco straw decomposed fertilizer, 2-4 parts of microbial agent and 20-25 parts of animal manure, fully mixing, and performing fermentation treatment at 45-65 ℃ for 15-20 days;
s13: placing the product fermented in the step S12 in a granulator for granulation to obtain the composite modifier;
s2: parameter detection
Taking layered sampling to the soil with the depth of 10-15cm on each layer, sequentially dividing the soil into a surface layer and a subsurface layer from top to bottom, taking the rest as a bottom layer, sampling and detecting the pH value of the soil, judging the addition of the composite conditioner according to the detection value, and taking the application standard of the composite conditioner as follows: the pH value is between 4.5 and 5.5, the application amount is 500 kg/mu, the pH value is between 4.0 and 4.5, and the application amount is 1000 kg/mu; when the pH value of the subsurface soil is greater than 5.5, the composite modifier is applied to the subsurface soil only during plowing, and when the pH value of the subsurface soil is less than 5.5, the composite modifier is applied to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer during plowing;
s3: soil layer by layer plowing
When the composite modifier is applied to the surface soil only, uniformly spraying the composite modifier in the step S1 into the surface soil according to the required addition amount, and turning and uniformly mixing;
when the composite modifying agent is applied to both the surface layer and the subsurface layer, deeply ploughing the tobacco field soil to be modified to be 10-15cm away from the ground by using a ploughing device, uniformly spraying the composite modifying agent in the step S1 into the subsurface layer soil according to the required addition amount, detecting the water content of the subsurface layer soil, continuously and uniformly spraying the composite modifying agent into the subsurface layer when the water content is lower than 35%, ploughing and uniformly mixing, then paving the soil in the subsurface layer soil until a ploughing layer is flush with the ground to form the surface layer, and finally spraying the composite modifying agent into the surface layer soil, and ploughing uniformly;
s4: film covering and laying
Dividing the tobacco field soil processed in the step S3 into a plurality of parallel rows, leveling the land among the rows, and paving a film on the surface of each row of soil.
2. The method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash according to claim 1, wherein the biochar is prepared by tobacco straw pyrolysis, grinding and sieving, and the particle size of the biochar is 50-100 μm.
3. The method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S11, the ash baked in the flue-curing barn is ground and sieved by a sieve of 20-100 meshes to obtain fine ash.
4. The method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-cured house biomass fuel ash according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent in the step S12 is a mixed microbial agent prepared by mixing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium according to a weight ratio of 1.
5. The method for improving acidic tobacco field soil by using baking house biomass fuel ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, before spraying the composite modifying agent to each plough layer, the water amount of tobacco field soil of each plough layer is detected, and when the water content is more than 35%, the tobacco field soil is aired and loosened until the water content is less than 35%, and then the composite modifying agent is sprayed.
6. The method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-cured house biomass fuel ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the gap between two adjacent rows of the coating films is 5-10cm.
7. The method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, when the tobacco field soil is coated, each plough layer is independently paved.
8. The method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using the baking house biomass fuel ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the composite improver sprayed in S3 is 500-1000 kg/mu.
9. The method for improving the soil of the acidic tobacco field by using the ash of the biomass fuel of the flue-curing barn according to claim 1, wherein the plowing device comprises a plowing main body (1) provided with rollers (10) at the bottom end and push rods (11) on the side wall, a depth adjusting assembly (2) arranged in the plowing main body (1), and a plowing assembly (3) positioned at the bottom end of the plowing main body (1) and connected with the depth adjusting assembly (2), the depth adjusting assembly (2) comprises two adjusting frames (20) arranged inside the plowing main body (1) and horizontally arranged from top to bottom, a cross frame (21) arranged between the two adjusting frames (20) and cross-hinged through the middle of the two support rods (210), and a spiral rod (22) horizontally arranged in the adjusting frame (20), wherein a rotating handle (220) is arranged on the spiral rod (22) positioned at the lower end, the upper end of one of the support rod (210) is connected with the spiral rod (22) positioned at the upper end through a slide block (211) and the inner wall of the plowing main body (1) is hinged through the slide block (211), and the upper end of the spiral rod (22) is connected with the plowing main body (1) and the inner wall; the plowing assembly (3) comprises plowing teeth (30) connected with an adjusting frame (20) located at the upper end through an L-shaped connecting frame (300) and a motor (31) for driving the plowing teeth (30) to rotate, a containing box (12) used for containing a composite modifying agent is arranged in the plowing main body (1), and a spraying opening (13) connected with the containing box (12) through a connecting pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the plowing main body (1).
10. The method for improving acid tobacco field soil by utilizing flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash according to claim 9, wherein a mudguard (14) is arranged at the bottom end of the plowing main body (1) and behind the plowing teeth (30).
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