CN108164371B - Straw corrosion promotion method and application thereof in acid soil improvement - Google Patents
Straw corrosion promotion method and application thereof in acid soil improvement Download PDFInfo
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- CN108164371B CN108164371B CN201810166165.4A CN201810166165A CN108164371B CN 108164371 B CN108164371 B CN 108164371B CN 201810166165 A CN201810166165 A CN 201810166165A CN 108164371 B CN108164371 B CN 108164371B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 45
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 2
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 fructose nucleic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 244000208060 Lawsonia inermis Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of acid soil improvement, in particular to a straw decay promoting method and application thereof in acid soil improvement. The method takes the straw as the raw material, takes the calcium salt and the sepiolite powder as the decay promoting auxiliary agent, and the combination of the calcium salt and the sepiolite powder in the auxiliary agent can obviously accelerate the decay process of the straw, obviously shortens the decay time of the straw, simultaneously avoids the mixed decay with human and animal excreta, and is environment-friendly in the decay process; the calcium salt in the auxiliary agent can improve the calcium content in the decomposition product, the sepiolite powder can provide good places and environments for the growth and propagation of EM bacteria, the humic acid content in the decomposition product is increased, the complexity is high, more metal ions can be combined, and the soil salt-based ion retention is facilitated. The obtained decomposition product is applied to acid soil improvement, can obviously increase the pH of soil, reduce the content of exchangeable aluminum, and can also increase the content of biomass carbon of soil microorganisms and the carbon metabolic activity of microorganisms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acid soil improvement, and particularly relates to a straw corrosion promotion method and application thereof in acid soil improvement.
Background
Soil acidification is a natural process that is ubiquitous in the formation and development of soil, and acidic soil is mainly found in tropical and subtropical areas where high temperatures are rainy. Soil acidification can cause a plurality of hazards, such as reducing the cation exchange capacity of the soil and the salt-based saturation of the soil, leading to massive loss of mineral nutrient elements, aggravation of soil barren, activation of toxic heavy metals and the like, further influencing the quantity and activity of soil microorganisms and reducing the yield and quality of plant products.
Lime-based alkaline substances are generally used for improving acidified soil in agricultural production, but lime cannot fundamentally solve the problem of soil acidification, and has some adverse effects, such as: improper lime application can reduce the water permeability of soil, prevent crop growth, reduce the absorption of phosphorus elements by crops, and the like. Currently, acidic soil improvement materials have been converted from traditional alkaline minerals to inexpensive and readily available alkaline industrial byproducts or organic materials, and the like. The organic materials are utilized to improve the acid soil in agriculture, so that nutrients needed by crops can be provided, the fertility level of the soil can be improved, the number and activity of soil microorganisms can be increased, and the buffering capacity of the soil to acid can be enhanced.
For example, chinese patent document CN105801194a discloses an organic fertilizer for improving acid soil, which is prepared by the following steps: crushing crop straws by a crusher, uniformly mixing the crushed crop straws with round algae, peat moss, livestock and poultry manure, sawdust and plant ash, carrying out anaerobic fermentation in a sealed state, mechanically dehydrating the decomposed raw materials, mixing the dehydrated raw materials with a microbial starter for aerobic fermentation, carrying out co-fermentation for 45-55 days, and finally evaporating the water content of the materials to 20wt%. In the organic fertilizer prepared by the technology, plant ash can generate lime effect in soil, so that the pH of the soil is greatly improved, and the acidity of the soil is reduced. However, the strong alkalinity of plant ash is not suitable for the survival and propagation of microorganisms, and the decomposition time is long, so that the biological activity of the obtained organic fertilizer is low; secondly, plant ash can also volatilize nitrogen and fix phosphorus in soil, so that soil fertility is reduced; thirdly, plant ash is easy to be leached in soil, the retention time is short, and the improvement effect is not durable; finally, the method ferments straw, rotaria, plant ash and the like together with the livestock manure, and flies and insects can grow in the fermentation process, and the risk of causing environmental pollution and the like is caused. Therefore, the method effectively shortens the decomposition time, improves the biological activity of the decomposition products, avoids environmental pollution and the like, and is a problem to be solved in the field of acid soil improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of long organic fertilizer decomposition time, low biological activity, environmental pollution and the like in the prior art for improving the acid soil, thereby providing a straw decomposition promoting method and application thereof in the acid soil improvement.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a straw decay promoting method comprises the following steps: crushing straw, mixing with an auxiliary agent, adding EM bacterial liquid, regulating the mass ratio of C/N to 20-30 by using urea, fully and uniformly mixing, regulating the water content to 60-70wt%, and carrying out constant-temperature ventilation culture for 30-40 days at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a decomposition product, wherein the auxiliary agent is a mixture of calcium salt and sepiolite powder.
Further, the addition amount of the auxiliary agent is 15-30% of the mass of the straw.
Further, the mass ratio of the calcium salt to the sepiolite powder in the auxiliary agent is 1:5-10.
Preferably, the addition amount of the auxiliary agent is 20-25% of the mass of the straw, and the mass ratio of calcium salt to sepiolite powder in the auxiliary agent is 1:8-10.
Further, the calcium salt is one or more of calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate or calcium dihydrogen phosphate; preferably, the calcium salt is calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
Further, the dosage of the EM bacterial liquid is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the straw.
The application of the decomposition product obtained by the method in acid soil improvement.
Further, the application of the decomposition products in the acid soil improvement comprises the following steps: treating the decomposition product until the water content is lower than 20wt%, uniformly mixing with hexacarbon sugar accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the decomposition product after treatment, and applying into soil.
Further, the dosage of the hexose accounts for 1.5-2% of the mass of the decomposed product after treatment.
Further, the hexose is glucose or fructose.
Further preferably, the calcium salt is calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the straw decomposition promoting method provided by the invention, the straw is used as a raw material, the mixture of the calcium salt and the sepiolite powder is used as the straw decomposition promoting auxiliary agent, the combination of the calcium salt and the sepiolite powder in the auxiliary agent can obviously accelerate the straw decomposition process, the straw decomposition time is obviously shortened, the carbon conversion rate in the straw is improved, the mixed decomposition with human and animal excreta is avoided, and the environment-friendly decomposition process is realized; the calcium salt in the auxiliary agent can also improve the calcium content in the decomposition products and meet the requirement of crops on calcium elements; the sepiolite powder has larger specific surface area, and absorbs water to become soft when encountering water, so that good places and environments can be provided for the growth and propagation of EM bacteria, the humic acid content in the decomposition products is increased, the complexity is high, and the quality is good.
2. The application of the decomposition product in the acid soil conditioner provided by the invention has the advantages that the calcium content in the decomposition product is higher, the deficiency of calcium element in acid soil is made up, meanwhile, the pH and salt-based saturation of the soil can be obviously increased, the content of exchangeable aluminum in the soil can be reduced, and the content of biomass carbon of microorganisms and the carbon metabolism activity of microorganisms in the soil can be increased.
3. The application of the decomposition product in the acid soil conditioner provided by the invention has the advantages that the decomposition product is mixed with the hexacarbon sugar after being treated to be used as the soil conditioner, the decomposition product contains rich calcium humate, the complexity is high, the hexacarbon sugar and the decomposition product can react with alkaline metal mineral elements in soil together to form a stable complex, the long-term retention of base ions in the soil is facilitated, the loss of the alkaline metal mineral elements in the acid soil is avoided, the alkaline metal mineral elements in the soil can be decomposed to release mineral elements after being reduced, and the requirement of crops on the alkaline metal mineral elements in the whole growth period is met; in addition, the reaction of the hexose and the humic acid with the alkaline metal ions is not influenced by the pH of the soil, the method can be suitable for acidic soil, and the problem that the conventional complexing agent is easy to decompose in the acidic soil to lose the complexing capacity with the alkaline metal ions is avoided.
Detailed Description
The rice straw selected in the embodiment and the comparative example is obtained from a plant sample obtained after harvesting representative rice in the hawk city of Yu Jiang county in Jiangxi province, and has 403.79g/kg of organic carbon content, 6.37g/kg of total nitrogen, 0.88g/kg of total phosphorus and 21.21g/kg of total potassium; peanut straw is taken from a representative red soil peanut post-harvest plant sample of hawk pool city Yu Jiang county in Jiangxi province, and has organic carbon content 359.86g/kg, total nitrogen 10.95g/kg, total phosphorus 1.54g/kg and total potassium 16.58g/kg; wheat and corn straw were taken from zheng state, henna: 385.69g/kg of organic carbon, 8.90g/kg of total nitrogen, 0.57g/kg of total phosphorus and 15.58g/kg of total potassium; corn stalk: 316.2g/kg of organic carbon, 10.80g/kg of total nitrogen, 1.05g/kg of total phosphorus and 21.56g/kg of total potassium. EM bacterial liquid is commercial bacterial agent, purchased from Nanchang probiotic biotechnology limited company, and mainly contains photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, actinomycetes, bacillus, proteins, amino acids, biological enzymes, fructose nucleic acid, various microelements and other growth factors, wherein the total bacterial count is more than or equal to 10 10 cfu·mL -1 . Other reagents used in the present invention, not specifically described, can be purchased commercially.
Example 1
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed rice straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 15g of auxiliary agent (comprising 12.5g of calcium oxalate and 2.5g of sepiolite powder), 1.5g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the C/N mass ratio is regulated to 20 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, distilled water is regulated to water content of about 60wt%, the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 30 ℃ for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 30 days, and the water content is controlled to be about 60wt% in the culture process.
Example 2
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed rice straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 25g of auxiliary agent (comprising 21.4g of calcium hydroxide and 3.6g of sepiolite powder), 1.2g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the C/N mass ratio is regulated to 23 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, distilled water is regulated to about 63wt% of water content, the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 26 ℃ for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 32 days, and the water content is controlled to about 63wt% in the culture process.
Example 3
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed rice straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 30g of auxiliary agent (comprising 27.3g of calcium carbonate and 2.7g of sepiolite powder), 0.5g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the C/N mass ratio is regulated to 30 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, distilled water is regulated to about 70 weight percent of water content, the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 40 days, and the water content is controlled to about 70 weight percent in the culture process.
Example 4
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed peanut straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 25g of auxiliary agent (comprising 22g of calcium chloride and 3g of sepiolite powder), 1g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the C/N mass ratio is regulated to 25 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, distilled water is regulated to 65wt% of water content, the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 35 days, and the water content is controlled to 65wt% in the culture process.
Example 5
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed peanut straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 28g of auxiliary agent (comprising 24g of calcium sulfate and 4g of sepiolite powder), 0.8g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the C/N mass ratio is regulated to 28 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, the distilled water is regulated to water content of about 67wt%, the culture flask is placed in a 27 ℃ constant-temperature incubator for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 37 days, and the water content is controlled to 67wt% in the culture process.
Example 6
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed wheat straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 20g of auxiliary agent (comprising 17.8g of monocalcium phosphate and 2.2g of sepiolite powder), 1g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the C/N mass ratio is regulated to 25 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture bottle, distilled water is regulated to about 65 weight percent of water content, the mixture is placed in a 28 ℃ constant temperature incubator for constant temperature ventilation culture for 35 days, and the water content is controlled to about 65 weight percent in the culture process.
Example 7
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed corn stalks which are sieved by a 40-mesh sieve are weighed and mixed with 25g of auxiliary agents (comprising 21.4g of calcium hydroxide and 3.6g of sepiolite powder), 1.2g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the C/N mass ratio is regulated to 25 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, distilled water is regulated to 65 weight percent, the mixture is placed in a 28 ℃ constant-temperature incubator for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 40 days, and the water content is controlled to be about 65 weight percent in the culture process.
Comparative example 1
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed rice straw and 1g of EM bacterial liquid which are sieved by a 40-mesh sieve are weighed, the mass ratio of C/N is regulated to 25 by urea, the crushed rice straw and the EM bacterial liquid are fully and uniformly mixed, the crushed rice straw and the EM bacterial liquid are placed in a culture flask, the distilled water is regulated to the water content of about 65wt%, the crushed rice straw and the EM bacterial liquid are placed in a constant-temperature incubator at the temperature of 28 ℃ for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 35 days, and the water content is controlled to be about 65wt% in the culture process.
Comparative example 2
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed rice straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 21.4g of calcium hydroxide, 1g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the mass ratio of C/N is regulated to 25 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, the water content is regulated to about 65wt% by distilled water, the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 35 days, and the water content is controlled to about 65wt% in the culture process.
Comparative example 3
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed rice straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 2.2g of sepiolite powder, 1g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the mass ratio of C/N is regulated to 25 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, the water content of distilled water is regulated to about 65wt%, the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 35 days, and the water content is controlled to about 65wt% in the culture process.
Comparative example 4
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed rice straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 20g of alkaline residue, 1g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the mass ratio of C/N is regulated to 25 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, the water content is regulated to about 65wt% by distilled water, the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 35 days, and the water content is controlled to about 65wt% in the culture process.
Comparative example 5
A straw corrosion promotion method comprises the following specific operation steps: 100g of crushed rice straw which is sieved by a 40-mesh sieve is weighed and mixed with 20g of ferrous sulfate, 1g of EM bacterial liquid is added, the C/N mass ratio is regulated to 25 by urea, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and placed in a culture flask, the water content is regulated to about 65wt% by distilled water, the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for constant-temperature ventilation culture for 35 days, and the water content is controlled to about 65wt% in the culture process.
Experimental example
1 influence of auxiliary agent on characteristics of straw decomposition products
The straw carbon conversion rate, the pH of the decomposition product, the humic acid carbon content extracted from the decomposition product and Hu Fubi of the straw decomposition products obtained in invention examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were measured. The specific results are shown in Table 1.
The detection methods are as follows: 1) Definition of straw carbon conversion: (original straw carbon content-carbon content of product when decomposition is terminated)/original straw carbon content is multiplied by 100%. The carbon content in the original straw and the decomposition products is measured by a Multi C/N3100 total organic carbon analyzer. 2) And (3) pH measurement of a decomposition product: the decomposition products and distilled water were mixed in a ratio of 1:10 and stirred for 1min, and measured using a pH meter (Mettler Toledo, switzerland). 3) Extraction of humic acid and determination of carbon content in the decomposition product: the humic acid in the decomposition product adopts NaOH+Na 4 P 2 O 4 Extracting the mixed solution, filtering the mixed solution by quantitative filter paper after extraction, obtaining the filtrate which is humic acid, further separating the humic acid obtained by extraction into humic acid and fulvic acid by an acid sedimentation method, and measuring the carbon content of the humic acid, the humic acid and the fulvic acid by a Yes MultiC/N3100 total organic carbon analyzer. According to the measurementThe result was further calculated Hu Fubi.
TABLE 1 straw decomposition product Properties
As can be seen from the data in the table, the straw carbon conversion of comparative example 1 was only 15.9%, and calcium hydroxide, sepiolite, caustic sludge and FeSO were added 4 The like can respectively improve the carbon conversion rate of the straw to 25.8%, 23.9%, 20.5% and 21.7%. The addition of various calcium salts in combination with the aid of sepiolite further increased the straw carbon conversion to 35.6%, 38.7%, 36.5%, 36.8% and 30.4% respectively, as compared to the comparative examples, the straw carbon conversion of 29.2% and 28.9% for example 1 (calcium oxalate+sepiolite), example 2 (calcium hydroxide+sepiolite), example 3 (calcium carbonate+sepiolite), example 5 (calcium sulfate+sepiolite) and example 7 (calcium hydroxide+sepiolite) was improved, but not significantly. As can be seen from the pH of the product, comparative example 1 has a pH of 8.04, and the addition of calcium hydroxide, sepiolite, and caustic sludge increases the pH of the product to a different extent, but FeSO is added 4 There is no effect of increasing the pH of the product. In each example, example 1 (calcium oxalate + sepiolite), example 2 (calcium hydroxide + sepiolite), example 3 (calcium carbonate + sepiolite) and example 7 (calcium hydroxide + sepiolite) gave better pH enhancement of the product, while the other groups gave worse pH enhancement. From the point of view of the humic acid carbon content of the decomposition products, the carbon content of the humic acid of each example was greatly improved relative to that of the comparative example, and the improvement ranges of examples 1 (calcium oxalate+sepiolite), 2 (calcium hydroxide+sepiolite), 3 (calcium carbonate+sepiolite) and 7 (calcium hydroxide+sepiolite) were particularly remarkable. As can be seen from Hu Fubi, the Hu Fu ratio can be increased by adding calcium hydroxide and sepiolite, and the alkaline residue and FeSO can be added, relative to comparative example 1 4 Lowering Hu Fubi. Examples 1-3 and 7, among other examples, facilitate the improvement of Hu Fubi, while examples 4, 5 and 6 do not favor an improvement of Hu Fubi. In summary, calcium oxalate, oxyhydrogenWhen calcium carbonate and calcium carbonate are matched with sepiolite to be used as a corrosion promoter, the obtained decomposition product is more suitable for being used as an acid soil conditioner. 2 influence of straw decomposition products on acid red soil properties
Test material: the tested soil is collected from the Liu Jiang station in Yu Jiang county of Jiangxi province, and the test land is abandoned annually, so that the soil fertility level is low. The tested soil grows in a fourth-period red clay matrix, the soil sample is air-dried, macroscopic fine roots and other impurities are picked out, and the soil sample is ground and screened by a 20-mesh sieve for later use.
Experiment design: the decomposition products obtained in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 5 of the present invention were air-dried to a water content of less than 20%, grinding and sieving with 20 mesh sieve. The decomposition products obtained in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were added in an amount of 0.4% by weight of the soil, and glucose was added in an amount of 2% by mass of the decomposition product, and a total of 13 treatments were set up by adding the decomposition product obtained in example 2 alone but not glucose. 200g of air-dried soil which is sieved by a 20-mesh sieve is weighed, added with materials according to the design proportion, fully and uniformly mixed, placed in a 500ml culture flask, adjusted to have the water content of 60 percent of the saturated water holding capacity of the field, and placed in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for culture. After culturing for 90 days, soil samples are collected and the measurement of indexes such as soil pH, salt base saturation, exchangeable aluminum, microbial biomass carbon and carbon metabolism capacity and the like is completed.
The testing method comprises the following steps: soil pH was measured using a pH meter (Mettler Toledo, switzerland) at a water to soil ratio of 2.5:1; soil salt group saturation = total exchangeable salt ions/cation exchange amount x 100%, wherein the total exchangeable salt ions are the sum of exchangeable calcium, magnesium and exchangeable potassium, sodium, the former two are determined by ammonium acetate exchange-EDTA complexometric titration, the latter two are determined by ammonium acetate exchange-flame photometric method, and the cation exchange amount is determined by ammonium acetate method. The exchangeable aluminum is 1mol L -1 Potassium chloride exchange-neutralization titration. Measuring the biomass carbon of the soil microorganisms by adopting a chloroform fumigation-potassium sulfate leaching method so as to reflect the number of microorganisms in the soil; soil microbial activity was measured using a Biolog EcoPlate to characterize the carbon metabolic capacity of soil microorganisms with an average absorbance of 31 Kong Tanyuan (AWCD) at 120h of culture. Measurement results see table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of straw decomposition products on acid Red soil Properties (90 days of cultivation)
From the data in the table, it is clear that only comparative example 2 (calcium hydroxide added) and comparative example 4 (alkaline residue added) of the comparative examples are effective in increasing soil pH, increasing salt-based saturation and reducing the content of soil exchangeable aluminum, and the improvement effect of the other comparative examples with respect to comparative example 1 is not significant. While examples 1, 2, 3 and 7 all improved the soil pH to a greater extent salt-based saturation and exchangeable aluminum status. On the other hand, although comparative example 2 (calcium hydroxide addition) and comparative example 4 (alkaline residue addition) have a better effect of improving the acidity index of the soil, the effect of improving the carbon metabolism ability of the soil microorganism is general, whereas examples 1 to 5 and example 7 can both improve the carbon metabolism ability of the soil microorganism and the carbon metabolism ability of the microorganism to a larger extent than comparative example 1, and thus are advantageous for the improvement of the number and activity of the soil microorganism. From the two treatments of example 2 (sugar addition and no sugar addition), the improvement effect of the decomposition product used together with the hexose on the acidic red soil is obviously better than that of the decomposition product used alone.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The application of the decomposition product in the improvement of the acid soil is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: treating the decomposition product until the water content is lower than 20wt%, uniformly mixing with glucose accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the decomposition product after treatment, and applying the mixture into soil;
the preparation method of the decomposition product comprises the following steps: crushing straw, mixing the crushed straw with an auxiliary agent, adding EM bacterial liquid, regulating the mass ratio of C/N to 20-30 by using urea, fully and uniformly mixing, regulating the water content to 60-70wt%, and carrying out constant-temperature ventilation culture for 30-40 days at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a decomposition product, wherein the auxiliary agent is a mixture of calcium salt and sepiolite powder;
the calcium salt is calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
2. The use of the decomposition product according to claim 1 in acid soil improvement, wherein the glucose is used in an amount of 1.5-2% by mass of the decomposition product after the treatment.
3. The use of the decomposition products according to claim 1 or 2 in acidic soil improvement, wherein the addition amount of the auxiliary agent is 15-30% of the mass of the straw.
4. The use of the decomposition products according to claim 3 in acid soil improvement, wherein the addition amount of the auxiliary agent is 20-25% of the mass of the straw.
5. Use of the decomposition product according to claim 3 in acid soil improvement, wherein the mass ratio of calcium salt to sepiolite powder in the auxiliary agent is 1:5-10.
6. The use of the decomposition product according to claim 3 in acid soil improvement, wherein the mass ratio of calcium salt to sepiolite powder in the auxiliary agent is 1:8-10.
7. The use of the decomposition product according to claim 3 in acid soil improvement, wherein the EM bacterial liquid is used in an amount of 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the straw.
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| CN102249748A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for promoting crop straw to become efficiently decomposed by use of alkaline residues and application thereof |
| CN102876576A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2013-01-16 | 湖南泰谷生物科技有限责任公司 | Acidic soil conditioner, and preparation method and application thereof |
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