CN111543315A - Breeding method of rape early-maturing variety - Google Patents

Breeding method of rape early-maturing variety Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111543315A
CN111543315A CN202010621365.1A CN202010621365A CN111543315A CN 111543315 A CN111543315 A CN 111543315A CN 202010621365 A CN202010621365 A CN 202010621365A CN 111543315 A CN111543315 A CN 111543315A
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rape
fertilizer
field
development time
seeds
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李书宇
陈伦林
丁戈
熊洁
黄杨
宋来强
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INSTITUTE OF CROPS JIANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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INSTITUTE OF CROPS JIANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of crop breeding, in particular to a method for breeding a rape precocity variety, which comprises the steps of germplasm resource identification, polymerization of grain development traits, identification of separated offspring, repolymerization of a strain with short grain development time and purification, and the rape precocity variety can be obtained. The invention simultaneously starts the breeding of the precocious variety from the two development stages of the flowering period and the grain development period of the rape, and the two stages are combined with each other, so that the precocious variety of the rape with a further advanced maturation period can be obtained. Meanwhile, by providing the concept of 'grain development time', and assisting in breeding the rape precocity variety based on the grain development time, the adverse effect of the precocity on the rape precocity variety is balanced and considered, and the precocity and stable yield of the rape variety are both realized.

Description

Breeding method of rape early-maturing variety
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop breeding, in particular to a method for breeding a rape precocious variety.
Background
Rape is one of four oil crops in the world, and is also the oil crop with the widest distribution and the largest sowing area in China. The rape is an important source of plant protein and plant oil, the rape seed is one of the most common edible plant oil sources, and the rape is an ideal raw material of biodiesel, is a high-quality energy source, can replace petroleum and diesel oil, is an important economic crop, and is an important source of income of oil farmers, so the rape has important significance for guaranteeing national food safety, energy safety and income increase of farmers.
Wherein, because the growth period of the rape is longer, the season contradiction exists with the rice-oil triple cropping in the double cropping rice area, so that the crop rotation of the rape and other crops is limited, and the adoption of the rape precocity variety for planting is a basic means for solving the problem.
The rape precocity variety has the characteristics of early maturity and short growth period, on one hand, the rape precocity variety can solve the stubble problem in crop replanting, improve the replanting index and improve the total yield of crops all year round, and on the other hand, in alpine regions with high latitude, high altitude and short frost-free period, the rape precocity variety can fully utilize the light and temperature resources in the alpine regions and simultaneously can avoid the low-temperature cold damage in the early growth period and the early frost damage in the later growth period, thereby ensuring the yield and the quality of the crops and having very important significance for the safe production of the crops.
At present, the correlation coefficients of the initial flowering phase and the final flowering phase of the rape and the maturity phase can reach an extremely significant level, so that the conventional breeding process of the early-maturing rape varieties is evaluated by taking the initial flowering phase or the final flowering phase as a selection index, but the early-maturing rape varieties selected in the way usually have the characteristic of early flowering, so that the early-maturing rape varieties are easily influenced by adverse weather such as low-temperature cold tide before winter, and the stable yield of the rape is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect that the yield stability of the rape is restricted because the selected early-maturing rape is easily influenced by adverse weather by adopting the initial flowering phase or the final flowering phase as the breeding index of the early-maturing rape in the prior art, thereby providing the breeding method of the early-maturing rape.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding a rape precocity variety comprises the following steps:
s1, germplasm resource identification:
sowing seeds of rape of different strains in field, selecting flowers flowering on the same day, marking, recording the development time of seeds, and after the seeds are mature, selecting n for the rape of each strain1Taking the plant as a sample, harvesting a main inflorescence, threshing, and selecting n with shortest grain development time from the sample2Individual lines of rape seed as a parent, the kernel development time being the number of days taken from the flowering date of an individual flower to the mature date of the silique after it has been pollinated and developed into siliques;
s2, aggregation of grain development traits:
sowing the seeds in the field2Individual lines of rape seed and configuring it into n22 combinations to perform incomplete double-row hybridization, harvest F1Generation hybrid seeds;
s3, separating offspring for identification:
s3.1, sowing in field F1Generation hybrid seed, selecting n from each line of rape3Selfing the rape plants and harvesting F2Selfing seeds for generation;
s3.2, sowing in field F2Selfing seeds, respectively investigating the individual rape plants from different combination sources, and selecting n from the rape plants from each same combination source4Observing the development time and oil content of the kernel of the single plant with good economic character and no disease, selecting n with the oil content not less than 40 percent, the development time of the kernel less than that of the parents and the shortest development time of the kernel5Naming rape;
s4 repolymerization of lines with short grain development time
N selected in step S35∙(n2Per 2) preparing the individual rape into [ n ] according to different combination sources5∙(n2/2)]2 hybridization combinations for incomplete two-row hybridization, harvest repolymerization F1Generation of hybrid seed, and repolymerization of F according to step S31Carrying out progeny segregation identification on the generation hybrid seeds to obtain { [ n ]5∙(n2/2)]/2}∙n5The oil content of the rape plant is not lower than 40%, the grain development time is shorter than that of the single rape plant with the parents and the grain development time is short;
s5, purification:
purifying the rape single plant obtained in the step S4, inspecting the grain development time of the purified rape, and selecting n with good disease resistance, excellent economic character, oil content not less than 40% and shortest grain development time6The name strain is the strain of the rape early maturing variety.
Further, the purification step is selected from the following steps a or b:
a. sowing { [ n ] screened in step S4 in field5∙(n2/2)]/2}∙n5Cultivating excellent rape single plants, carrying out microspore culture on the excellent rape single plants, and obtaining not less than 1000 DH lines in each hybridization combination, namely the purified rape strains;
b. sowing { [ n ] screened in step S4 in field5∙(n2/2)]/2}∙n5Repeating the step S3 to perform selfing generation adding and separation identification until F is obtained5And (3) selfing seeds, namely the purified rape lines.
Further, before the purification step, crossing and polymerizing the rape single plants screened in the step S4 according to different cross combination sources, identifying and separating progeny according to the step S3, and screening n with oil content not less than 40%, kernel development time less than that of parents and shortest kernel development time in each cross combination5And (5) naming the rape.
Further, the self-mating generation is a foreign generation or a local generation.
Further, said n1Is 3 to 5; n is2Is 10 to 20; n is3Is 20-40；n4Is 800-5Is 3 to 5; n is6Is 3-8.
Further, in step S3, field sowing F2The generation selfing seed comprises: selecting n3The F of a strain2And (5) performing mixed sowing on the selfing seeds, wherein the number of the mixed sowing is not less than 5000.
Further, step S3 includes the step of planting not less than 10 of the parents of step S1 as a control.
Further, the time of the field sowing is from the middle ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months, and the field fertilization mode is to heavily apply base fertilizer, increase phosphate fertilizer and apply boron fertilizer.
Further, the field fertilization mode comprises the following steps:
applying 10-12kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu of field by counting N;
with P2O55-6kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu of field;
with K2O, metering, and applying 5-6kg of potash fertilizer to each mu of field;
applying 1.0-1.5kg of borax to each mu of field.
Further, in the above-mentioned case,
in the nitrogen fertilizer, 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 20 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a seedling fertilizer, and 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a bolting fertilizer;
the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as a base fertilizer;
in the potassium fertilizer, 70 wt% of the potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and 30 wt% of the potassium fertilizer is used as a bolt fertilizer;
in the borax, 0.9-1.35kg of borax is used as base fertilizer, and 100-150g of borax is used as foliar surface spraying of the bolting fertilizer.
Furthermore, the row spacing of the field sowing is 30cm, and 15 seedlings are set in each row.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the breeding method provided by the invention starts with breeding of the premature variety from the two development stages of the flowering period and the grain development period of the rape at the same time, and the two stages are combined with each other, so that the premature variety of the rape with a further advanced mature period can be obtained.
2. According to the breeding method provided by the invention, the concept of 'grain development time' is provided, the rape precocity variety is bred in an auxiliary manner based on the grain development time, the adverse effect of the precocity on the rape precocity variety is balanced and considered, and the precocity and stable yield of the rape variety are realized.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
In the invention, the rape maturity standard is as follows: the kernel of the silique in the middle of the main inflorescence begins to turn brown.
The time of ripening of the silique is the time when the silique kernel turns brown.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a method for breeding a cabbage type rape early-maturing variety, which comprises the following steps:
s1, germplasm resource identification:
s1.1, field test:
after the base fertilizer is applied to the field, a rape seeder (model: 2BYD-6, no seeds are added) is adopted to complete the operations of plowing, ditching, compartment making and the like of the test field at one time, and the width of the compartment is 1.5 m.
In the middle ten days of September, cabbage type rape breeding resources are collected, cabbage type rape seeds of different strains are sown in a test field, each strain is sown for two lines, the line spacing is 30cm, 15 seedlings are sown in each line, uniform sowing and regular seedling emergence are ensured.
Wherein, the fertilization mode in the test field is that base fertilizer is heavily fertilized and phosphate fertilizer is additionally fertilizedApplying 10kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu of field by the weight of N on the basis of the principle of applying boron fertilizer; with P2O5Metering, 6kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu of field; with K2O, metering, and applying 5kg of potash fertilizer to each mu of field; and applying 1.5kg of borax to each mu of field.
Wherein, 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as seedling fertilizer, and 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as bolting fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as base fertilizer; 70 wt% of the potash fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and 30 wt% of the potash fertilizer is used as a bolt fertilizer; in the borax, 1.35kg of borax is used as base fertilizer, 150g of borax is used as bolting fertilizer, and the borax is sprayed on leaf surfaces in bolting period.
S1.2, identification, harvesting and seed testing:
on a certain day of rape flowering period, selecting flowers flowering on different rape resources on the same day, marking, recording flowering date, tracking and observing, continuously developing the marked flowers into the siliques after pollination, recording the mature time of the siliques when the siliques seeds turn brown, and subtracting the mature time of a single siliques/flower from the flowering date to obtain the seed development time.
After the rape is mature, 3 plants are selected from the cabbage type rape of each strain as rape samples, the main inflorescence is harvested and threshed, the rape samples are put into a mesh bag, a label is put into the mesh bag, the seeds are tested after being dried, and then 10 strains of cabbage type rape seeds with the shortest grain development time are selected from all the samples as parents.
S2 polymerization of grain development traits
Planting 10 parent strains selected in the step S1.2 in the field according to the field test method in the step S1.1, preparing the 10 parent strains into 5 combinations for incomplete double-row hybridization to obtain F1Generation hybrid seeds;
s3, separating offspring and identifying
S3.1, planting F in the field in different places according to the field test method in the step S1.11Generation hybrid seed, planting 5 rows, each F1Selfing the 30 plants in bags with sulfuric acid paper bags, and harvesting F2Selfing seeds.
S3.2, according to the step S1.1, 30 strains F with the same combination source are combined in each group2The seeds are mixed and sowed for the selfing with the area of 133.4m2It is required that not less than 5000 strains are present. Meanwhile, 10 parent materials are selected in the planting step S1.2 and used as a reference;
during the maturation period, 5000 single plants are separated from each combination, 1000 single plants which are good in economic character and do not attack disease are selected from the 5000 single plants, the development time of kernels of the single plants is examined, the oil content is analyzed, the first 4 single plants which are not less than 40% in oil content, less than parents in kernel development time and shortest in kernel development time are selected, and if the development time of the kernels of the single plants is greater than that of the parents, the combination is removed.
S4 repolymerization of lines with short grain development time
And (4) preparing 10 hybridization combinations for incomplete double-row hybridization of the first 20 individuals with the shortest development time of the 5 combined grains obtained in the step S3 according to different combination source individuals, wherein the preparation table of the hybridization combinations is shown in the table 1, and identifying and separating offspring according to the step S3.
TABLE 1 hybridization combination configuration Table
Female parent 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-1 2-2 2-3 3-1 3-2 4-1
Male parent 2-4 3-3 4-2 5-1 3-4 4-3 5-2 4-4 5-3 5-4
Note: the top number in the numbering represents the combination number and the bottom number represents the grain development time ranking.
S5, purification
S5.1, through step S4, a total of 10 combinations, 40F, are obtained2Performing individual plant, hybridizing and polymerizing the rape lines obtained by screening in the step S4 according to different combination source individual plants, and then identifying and separating offspring according to the step S3;
s5.2, sowing 10 rows of 4 single plants which are combined and screened in the step S5.1 according to the step S1.1, selecting excellent single plants to culture microspores to obtain not less than 1000 DH lines, identifying the grain development time of each DH line, and selecting the first 5 plants which have good disease resistance, excellent economic character, large grain development time and oil content not less than 40 percent, namely the rape early maturing variety strain.
The cabbage type rape early maturing variety obtained in the embodiment is subjected to field planting according to the field test in the step S1.1, and after the cabbage type rape seed is matured, the pod development time is reduced by 5 days and the yield is improved by more than 6% compared with the early maturing variety of the gan oil hybrid 906 (from the academy of agricultural sciences in Jiangxi province).
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a method for breeding a cabbage type rape early-maturing variety, which comprises the following steps:
s1, germplasm resource identification:
s1.1, field test:
after the base fertilizer is applied to the field, a rape seeder (model: 2BYD-6, no seeds are added) is adopted to complete the operations of plowing, ditching, compartment making and the like of the test field at one time, and the width of the compartment is 1.5 m.
In the last 10 months, cabbage type rape breeding resources are collected, cabbage type rape seeds of different strains are sown in a test field, each strain is sown for two lines, the line spacing is 30cm, 15 seedlings are sown in each line, and uniform sowing and regular emergence are ensured.
Wherein, the fertilization mode in the test field is carried out according to the principle of heavy base fertilizer application, phosphate fertilizer application and boron fertilizer application, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to 10kg per mu of field in terms of N; with P2O5Metering, 6kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu of field; with K2O, metering, and applying 5kg of potash fertilizer to each mu of field; and applying 1.5kg of borax to each mu of field.
Wherein, 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as seedling fertilizer, and 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as bolting fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as base fertilizer; 70 wt% of the potash fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and 30 wt% of the potash fertilizer is used as a bolt fertilizer; in the borax, 1.35kg of borax is used as base fertilizer, 150g of borax is used as bolting fertilizer, and the borax is sprayed on leaf surfaces in bolting period.
S1.2, identification, harvesting and seed testing:
inspecting the grain development time of the rape sample: on a certain day of rape flowering period, selecting flowers flowering on different rape resources on the same day, marking, recording flowering date, tracking and observing, continuously developing the marked flowers into the siliques after pollination, recording the mature time of the siliques when the siliques seeds turn brown, and subtracting the mature time of a single siliques/flower from the flowering date to obtain the seed development time.
After the rape is mature, selecting 5 plants from the cabbage type rape of each line as a rape sample, harvesting the main inflorescence, threshing, filling into a mesh bag, putting a label, airing and testing seeds. And selecting the cabbage type rape seeds of 20 lines with the shortest grain development time from all samples as parents.
S2 polymerization of grain development traits
Planting 20 parent strains selected in the step S1.2 in the field according to the field test method in the step S1.1, preparing the parent strains into 10 combinations for incomplete double-row hybridization to obtain F1Generation hybrid seeds;
s3, separating offspring and identifying
S3.1, planting F in the field in different places according to the field test method in the step S1.11Generation hybrid seed, planting 5 rows, each F1Selfing the 40 plants by bagging with sulfuric acid paper bags, and harvesting F2Selfing seeds.
S3.2, according to step S1.1, 40 strains of F were combined for each combination2The seeds are mixed and sowed for the selfing with the area of 133.4m2It is required that not less than 6000 strains are used. Meanwhile, 10 parent materials are selected in the planting step S1.2 and used as a reference;
and in the maturation period, 6000 single plants are separated from each combination, 1500 single plants which are good in economic character and do not attack disease are selected from the 6000 single plants, the development time of kernels of the single plants is examined, the oil content is analyzed, the first 3 single plants which are not less than 40% in oil content, less than parents in kernel development time and short in kernel development time are selected, and the combination is removed if the development time of the kernels of the single plants is greater than that of the parents.
S4 repolymerization of grain development time strains
And (3) preparing 15 hybridization combinations for incomplete double-row hybridization of the first 30 individuals with the maximum development time of the 10 combined grains obtained in the step (S3) according to different combination source individuals, wherein the preparation table of the hybridization combinations is shown in a table 2, and identifying and separating offspring according to a step (S3).
TABLE 2 hybridization combination configuration Table
Female parent 1-1 1-2 1-3 2-1 2-2 2-3 3-1 3-2 3-3 4-1 4-2 4-3 5-1 5-2 5-3
Male parent 6-3 7-2 8-1 7-3 8-2 9-1 8-3 9-2 10-1 9-3 10-2 6-1 10-3 6-2 7-1
Note: the top number in the numbering represents the combination number and the bottom number represents the grain development time ranking.
S5, purification
S5.1, through step S4, a total of 15 combinations, 45F' S, are obtained2Performing individual plant, hybridizing and polymerizing the rape lines obtained by screening in the step S4 according to different combination source individual plants, and then identifying and separating offspring according to the step S3;
s5.2, sowing 10 rows of 3 single plants which are combined and screened in the step S5.1 according to the step S1.1, selecting excellent single plants to culture microspores to obtain not less than 1000 DH lines, identifying the grain development time of each DH line, and selecting the first 8 plants which have good disease resistance, excellent economic character, short grain development time and oil content not less than 40 percent, namely the rape early-maturing variety strain.
The cabbage type rape early maturing variety obtained in the embodiment is subjected to field planting according to the field test in the step S5.1, and after the cabbage type rape seed is matured, the pod development time is reduced by 5 days and the yield is improved by more than 5% compared with the early maturing variety of the gan oil hybrid 906 (from the academy of agricultural sciences in Jiangxi province).
Example 3
The embodiment relates to a method for breeding a cabbage type rape early-maturing variety, which comprises the following steps:
s1, germplasm resource identification:
s1.1, field test:
after the base fertilizer is applied to the field, a rape seeder (model: 2BYD-6, no seeds are added) is adopted to complete the operations of plowing, ditching, compartment making and the like of the test field at one time, and the width of the compartment is 1.5 m.
In the middle ten days of September, cabbage type rape breeding resources are collected, cabbage type rape seeds of different strains are sown in a test field, each strain is sown for two lines, the line spacing is 30cm, 15 seedlings are sown in each line, uniform sowing and regular seedling emergence are ensured.
Wherein, the fertilization mode in the test field is carried out according to the principle of heavy base fertilizer application, phosphate fertilizer application and boron fertilizer application, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to 10kg per mu of field in terms of N; with P2O5Metering, 6kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu of field; with K2O, metering, and applying 5kg of potash fertilizer to each mu of field; and applying 1.5kg of borax to each mu of field.
Wherein, 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as seedling fertilizer, and 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as bolting fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as base fertilizer; 70 wt% of the potash fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and 30 wt% of the potash fertilizer is used as a bolt fertilizer; in the borax, 1.35kg of borax is used as base fertilizer, 150g of borax is used as bolting fertilizer, and the borax is sprayed on leaf surfaces in bolting period.
S1.2, identification, harvesting and seed testing:
inspecting the grain development time of the rape sample: on a certain day of rape flowering period, selecting flowers flowering on different rape resources on the same day, marking, recording flowering date, tracking and observing, continuously developing the marked flowers into the siliques after pollination, recording the mature time of the siliques when the siliques seeds turn brown, and subtracting the mature time of a single siliques/flower from the flowering date to obtain the seed development time.
After the rape is mature, selecting 3 plants from the cabbage type rape of each line as a rape sample, harvesting the main inflorescence, threshing, putting into a mesh bag, putting a label, airing, and testing seeds, wherein the maturation standard is that the carob seeds in the middle of the main inflorescence start to turn brown. Selecting 10 strains of Brassica napus seeds with shortest grain development time from all samples as parents.
S2 polymerization of grain development traits
Planting 10 parent strains selected in the step S1.2 in the field according to the field test method in the step S1.1, preparing the 10 parent strains into 5 combinations for incomplete double-row hybridization to obtain F1Generation hybrid seeds;
s3, separating offspring and identifying
S3.1, planting F in the field in different places according to the field test method in the step S1.11Generation hybrid seed, planting 5 rows, each F1Selfing the 30 plants in bags with sulfuric acid paper bags, and harvesting F2Selfing seeds.
S3.2, according to step S1.1, 30F strains per combination2The seeds are mixed and sowed for the selfing with the area of 133.4m2It is required that not less than 5000 strains are used. Meanwhile, 10 parent materials are selected in the planting step S1.2 and used as a reference;
during the maturation period, 5000 single plants are separated from each combination, 1000 single plants which are good in economic character and do not attack disease are selected from the 5000 single plants, the kernel development time of the single plants is considered, the oil content is analyzed, the first 4 plants which are not less than 40% in oil content, less than parents in kernel development time and short in kernel development time are selected, and if the kernel development time of each single plant is greater than that of the parents, the combination is removed.
S4 repolymerization of grain development time strains
And (4) preparing 10 hybridization combinations for incomplete double-row hybridization of the first 20 individuals with the maximum development time of the 5 combined grains obtained in the step S3 according to different combination source individuals, wherein the preparation table of the hybridization combinations is shown in the table 1, and identifying and separating offspring according to the step S3.
TABLE 3 hybridization combination configuration Table
Female parent 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-1 2-2 2-3 3-1 3-2 4-1
Male parent 2-4 3-3 4-2 5-1 3-4 4-3 5-2 4-4 5-3 5-4
Note: the top number in the numbering represents the combination number and the bottom number represents the grain development time ranking.
S5, purification
S5.1, through step S4, a total of 10 combinations, 40F, are obtained2Performing individual plant, hybridizing and polymerizing the rape lines obtained by screening in the step S4 according to different combination source individual plants, and then identifying and separating offspring according to the step S3;
s5.2, sowing the 4 single plants which are combined and screened in the step S5.1 in a mixed mode for 10 rows according to the step S1.1, selecting excellent single plants, bagging and selfing until F is obtained5Substitute selfingThe first 4 seeds with good disease resistance, excellent economic character, short grain development time and oil content not less than 40% are selected as the rape early maturing variety strain.
The cabbage type rape early maturing variety obtained in the embodiment is subjected to field planting according to the field test in the step S5.1, and after the cabbage type rape seed is matured, the pod development time is reduced by 5 days and the yield is improved by more than 6% compared with the early maturing variety of the gan oil hybrid 906 (from the academy of agricultural sciences in Jiangxi province).
Example 4
The embodiment relates to a method for breeding a cabbage type rape early-maturing variety, which comprises the following steps:
s1, germplasm resource identification:
s1.1, field test:
after the base fertilizer is applied to the field, a rape seeder (model: 2BYD-6, no seeds are added) is adopted to complete the operations of plowing, ditching, compartment making and the like of the test field at one time, and the width of the compartment is 1.5 m.
In the middle ten days of September, cabbage type rape breeding resources are collected, cabbage type rape seeds of different strains are sown in a test field, each strain is sown for two lines, the line spacing is 30cm, 15 seedlings are sown in each line, uniform sowing and regular seedling emergence are ensured.
Wherein, the fertilization mode in the test field is carried out according to the principle of heavy base fertilizer application, phosphate fertilizer application and boron fertilizer application, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to 10kg per mu of field in terms of N; with P2O5Metering, 6kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu of field; with K2O, metering, and applying 5kg of potash fertilizer to each mu of field; and applying 1.5kg of borax to each mu of field.
Wherein, 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as seedling fertilizer, and 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as bolting fertilizer; the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as base fertilizer; 70 wt% of the potash fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and 30 wt% of the potash fertilizer is used as a bolt fertilizer; in the borax, 1.35kg of borax is used as base fertilizer, 150g of borax is used as bolting fertilizer, and the borax is sprayed on leaf surfaces in bolting period.
S1.2, identification, harvesting and seed testing:
on a certain day of rape flowering period, selecting flowers flowering on different rape resources on the same day, marking, recording flowering date, tracking and observing, continuously developing the marked flowers into the siliques after pollination, recording the mature time of the siliques when the siliques seeds turn brown, and subtracting the mature time of a single siliques/flower from the flowering date to obtain the seed development time.
After the rape is mature, 3 strains of cabbage type rape of each strain are selected as rape samples, the main inflorescence is harvested and threshed, the rape samples are put into a mesh bag and are put into a label, the rape samples are aired and tested, and 10 strains of cabbage type rape seeds with the shortest grain development time are selected from all the samples as parents.
S2 polymerization of grain development traits
Planting 10 parent strains selected in the step S1.2 in the field according to the field test method in the step S1.1, preparing the 10 parent strains into 5 combinations for incomplete double-row hybridization to obtain F1Generation hybrid seeds;
s3, separating offspring and identifying
S3.1, planting F in the field in different places according to the field test method in the step S1.11Generation hybrid seed, planting 5 rows, each F1Selfing the 30 plants in bags with sulfuric acid paper bags, and harvesting F2Selfing seeds.
S3.2, according to the step S1.1, 30 strains F with the same combination source are combined in each group2The seeds are mixed and sowed for the selfing with the area of 133.4m2It is required that not less than 5000 strains are used. Meanwhile, 10 parent materials are selected in the planting step S1.2 and used as a reference;
during the maturation period, 5000 single plants are separated from each combination, 1000 single plants which are good in economic character and do not attack disease are selected from the 5000 single plants, the development time of kernels of the single plants is examined, the oil content is analyzed, the first 4 single plants which are not less than 40% in oil content, less than parents in kernel development time and shortest in kernel development time are selected, and if the development time of the kernels of the single plants is greater than that of the parents, the combination is removed.
S4 repolymerization of lines with short grain development time
And (4) preparing 10 hybridization combinations for incomplete double-row hybridization of the first 20 individuals with the shortest development time of the 5 combined grains obtained in the step S3 according to different combination source individuals, wherein the preparation table of the hybridization combinations is shown in a table 4, and identifying and separating offspring according to a step S3.
TABLE 4 hybridization combination configuration Table
Female parent 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-1 2-2 2-3 3-1 3-2 4-1
Male parent 2-4 3-3 4-2 5-1 3-4 4-3 5-2 4-4 5-3 5-4
Note: the top number in the numbering represents the combination number and the bottom number represents the grain development time ranking.
S5, purification
Through step S4, a total of 10 combinations, 40F, are obtained2And (3) sampling single plants at the initial flowering stage, carrying out microspore culture, investigating grain development time of all DH plants, simultaneously analyzing oil content, and selecting the first 5 plants with the oil content of not less than 40%, the grain development time of less than that of parents and the shortest grain development time, namely the rape early-maturing variety strains.
The cabbage type rape early maturing variety obtained in the embodiment is subjected to field planting according to the field test in the step S1.1, and after the cabbage type rape seed is matured, the pod development time is reduced by 5 days and the yield is improved by more than 6% compared with the early maturing variety of the gan oil hybrid 906 (from the academy of agricultural sciences in Jiangxi province).
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. A method for breeding a rape precocity variety is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, germplasm resource identification:
sowing seeds of rape of different strains in field, selecting flowers flowering on the same day, marking, recording the development time of seeds, and after the seeds are mature, selecting n for the rape of each strain1Taking the plant as a sample, harvesting a main inflorescence, threshing, and selecting n with shortest grain development time from the sample2The rape seeds of each line are used as parents, and the kernel development time isRefers to the number of days taken between the date of flowering of an individual flower and the date of ripening of the silique after it has been dusted and developed into siliques;
s2, aggregation of grain development traits:
sowing the seeds in the field2Individual lines of rape seed and configuring it into n22 combinations to perform incomplete double-row hybridization, harvest F1Generation hybrid seeds;
s3, separating offspring for identification:
s3.1, sowing in field F1Generation hybrid seed, selecting n from each line of rape3Selfing the rape plants and harvesting F2Selfing seeds for generation;
s3.2, sowing in field F2Selfing seeds, respectively investigating the individual rape plants from different combination sources, and selecting n from the rape plants from each same combination source4Observing the development time and oil content of the kernel of the single plant with good economic character and no disease, selecting n with the oil content not less than 40 percent, the development time of the kernel less than that of the parents and the shortest development time of the kernel5Naming rape;
s4 repolymerization of lines with short grain development time
N selected in step S35∙(n2Per 2) preparing the individual rape into [ n ] according to different combination sources5∙(n2/2)]2 hybridization combinations for incomplete two-row hybridization, harvest repolymerization F1Generation of hybrid seed, and repolymerization of F according to step S31Carrying out progeny segregation identification on the generation hybrid seeds to obtain { [ n ]5∙(n2/2)]/2}∙n5The oil content of the rape plant is not lower than 40%, the grain development time is shorter than that of the single rape plant with the parents and the grain development time is short;
s5, purification:
purifying the rape single plant obtained in the step S4, inspecting the grain development time of the purified rape, and selecting n with good disease resistance, excellent economic character, oil content not less than 40% and shortest grain development time6The name strain is the strain of the rape early maturing variety.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the purification step is selected from the following steps a or b:
a. sowing { [ n ] screened in step S4 in field5∙(n2/2)]/2}∙n5Cultivating excellent rape single plants, carrying out microspore culture on the excellent rape single plants, and obtaining not less than 1000 DH lines in each hybridization combination, namely the purified rape strains;
b. sowing { [ n ] screened in step S4 in field5∙(n2/2)]/2}∙n5Repeating the step S3 to perform selfing generation adding and separation identification until F is obtained5And (3) selfing seeds, namely the purified rape lines.
3. The selective breeding method of claim 1 or 2, wherein before the purification step, the method further comprises the steps of hybridizing and repolymerizing the rape individuals selected in the step S4 according to different hybridization combination sources, identifying the separated offspring according to the step S3, and selecting n with oil content not less than 40%, kernel development time less than that of the parents and shortest kernel development time in each hybridization combination5And (5) naming the rape.
4. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the self-mating generation is a displaced generation or a local generation.
5. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein n is1Is 3 to 5; n is2Is 10 to 20; n is3Is 20 to 40; n is4Is 800-5Is 3 to 5; n is6Is 3-8.
6. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step S3, F is sown in the field2The generation selfing seed comprises: selecting n3The F of a strain2And (5) performing mixed sowing on the selfing seeds, wherein the number of the mixed sowing is not less than 5000.
7. The breeding method of claim 6, wherein step S3 further includes the step of planting not less than 10 of the parents of step S1 as a control.
8. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sowing time in the field is from 9 middle to 10 late months, and the field fertilization mode is to heavily apply base fertilizer, increase phosphate fertilizer and apply boron fertilizer.
9. The breeding method according to claim 8, wherein the field fertilization method comprises:
applying 10-12kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu of field by counting N;
with P2O55-6kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu of field;
with K2O, metering, and applying 5-6kg of potash fertilizer to each mu of field;
applying 1.0-1.5kg of borax to each mu of field.
10. The breeding method according to claim 9,
in the nitrogen fertilizer, 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 20 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a seedling fertilizer, and 60 wt% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a bolting fertilizer;
the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as a base fertilizer;
in the potassium fertilizer, 70 wt% of the potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and 30 wt% of the potassium fertilizer is used as a bolt fertilizer;
in the borax, 0.9-1.35kg of borax is used as base fertilizer, and 100-150g of borax is used as foliar surface spraying of the bolting fertilizer.
11. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the row spacing for field sowing is 30cm and 15 seedlings per row are set.
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