CN114195577A - Method for safely composting and returning solanaceous straws to field - Google Patents
Method for safely composting and returning solanaceous straws to field Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114195577A CN114195577A CN202111491777.9A CN202111491777A CN114195577A CN 114195577 A CN114195577 A CN 114195577A CN 202111491777 A CN202111491777 A CN 202111491777A CN 114195577 A CN114195577 A CN 114195577A
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- Prior art keywords
- straws
- solanaceous
- composting
- field
- materials
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a composting method, in particular to a method for safely composting solanaceous straws and returning the solanaceous straws to the field. Carrying out two-stage composting on solanaceous fruit straws, and carrying out primary composting on crushed straws and quick lime in the first stage; and the mixed materials are composted again in the second stage, and the composted and thoroughly decomposed materials are directly returned to the field on the spot. The invention adopts two-stage composting, the first stage is the initial stacking of waste and quicklime, and the main objective is sterilization; the second stage is composting of the mixed materials for the purpose of secondary sterilization and decomposition. The composted and decomposed materials are returned to the field on the spot according to about 1000-2000 kg/mu, so that the solanberry straws are safely returned to the field on the spot and the fertility of the vegetable field is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composting method, in particular to a method for safely composting solanaceous straws and returning the solanaceous straws to the field.
Background
In recent years, the facility agriculture of China is rapidly developed, and the method plays an important role in effectively guaranteeing seasonal balanced supply of vegetables of China. In 2013, the Fujian vigorously supports the vegetable planting facility development, the area of various facility vegetables in the province reaches more than 130 ten thousand mu in 2018, and particularly, solanaceous vegetables are the main variety for greenhouse planting in the Fujian province in winter.
According to investigation, a large amount of residua such as stumps, vines, straws and shells are generated in the production process of fruits and vegetables, and the residua are fourth large crop straws and account for about 10% of the total yield of the crop straws. At present, a large amount of fruit and vegetable residues are randomly discarded on the field and are burnt or naturally rotten, so that the breeding and the propagation of plant diseases and insect pests are caused, odor is emitted, and the environment is polluted. Especially, the processing difficulty of solanaceous straws is large: firstly, as solanaceous straws or vines carry a lot of pathogenic bacteria, the solanaceous straws or vines are not easy to return to the field for utilization; secondly, the lignification degree of the solanaceous straws growing to the later stage is high, the traditional compost is difficult to decay, the temperature rise of the compost is slow, the pathogenic bacteria removing effect is poor, and secondary pollution is easily caused after the solanaceous straws are improperly returned to the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for safely composting solanaceous fruit straws and returning the solanaceous fruit straws to the field on site.
The invention is realized by the following steps: carrying out two-stage composting on solanaceous fruit straws, and carrying out primary composting on crushed straws and quick lime in the first stage; and the mixed materials are composted again in the second stage, and the composted and thoroughly decomposed materials are directly returned to the field on the spot.
The mixed material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-30: 1, and various additives are added to achieve a better composting effect.
1% of ferment is added into the mixed material.
And (3) adding 1-2% of quicklime in the initial stacking process, and pre-stacking for 4-6 d.
The invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the solanaceous straws are dried in the sun or air until the moisture content is 30 to 40 percent, and then crushed;
(2) mixing the crushed solanaceous fruit straws with quicklime accounting for 1-2% of the weight of the straws, stacking the solanaceous fruit straws into a circular stack, wherein the stack height is 1.5-2 m;
(3) uniformly sprinkling water to the stacks according to 4-5% of the weight of the straws, then covering the films, sealing and pre-stacking for 4-6 d;
(4) mixing the pre-piled solanaceous straws in a weight ratio of 60-70% of straws and 20-30% of bean pulp or livestock and poultry manure, then adding 1% of ferment, 5% of magnesium phosphate, 0.1-0.5% of glucose and 0.3-0.5% of pyroligneous liquor according to 100% of the total weight of the materials, fully and uniformly mixing, and finally adjusting the water content of the mixed materials to 60-70% by using water;
(5) performing strip-stack type stacking, wherein the width of the bottom of a stack body is controlled to be 1.5-3.0 m, the height is 1-1.5 m, coating films, turning the stack once every 10-15 days, and turning the stack 2-3 times during the stacking period;
(6) and returning the piled and decomposed materials to the field on the spot according to 1000-2000 kg/mu.
The solanaceous straws refer to the stems and leaves of the vines and the like left after the tomatoes, the hot peppers, the eggplants, the cucumbers and the like are harvested.
The added ferment is used for improving the fermentation speed and the decomposition effect, and the straw decomposition microbial inoculum is used for achieving the effect at present. Magnesium phosphate is a nitrogen-retaining agent, and nitrogen loss in the composting process is reduced. Glucose is used as an initiating explosive, so that rapid temperature rise can be realized; the fertilizer is not added in the traditional compost generally, but is added in consideration of the higher lignification degree of solanaceous straws and difficulty in decomposition; in addition, the dosage also needs to be controlled, and the required technical effect cannot be achieved with less dosage. The wood vinegar has two functions: firstly, the pH value is adjusted, because the pyroligneous liquor is acidic, and the quicklime added in the first stage is alkaline; and secondly, the carbon loss in the composting process is reduced, the greenhouse gas emission is reduced, but the dosage needs to be controlled, and too much fermentation is caused.
The invention has the following advantages: the invention adopts two-stage composting, the first stage is the initial stacking of waste and quicklime, and the main objective is sterilization; the second stage is composting of the mixed materials for the purpose of secondary sterilization and decomposition. The composted and decomposed materials are returned to the field on the spot according to about 1000-2000 kg/mu, so that the solanberry straws are safely returned to the field on the spot and the fertility of the vegetable field is improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Sun drying fructus Lycopersici Esculenti caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae until water content is about 30%, and pulverizing with pulverizer to length of about 2 cm.
(2) Mixing the tomato vines and the duck manure according to the weight ratio of 7:3 to prepare a mixed material. Adding 4 percent of magnesium phosphate and 0.1 percent of glucose according to the weight of the mixed materials, and then adjusting the water content to 60-70 percent by using water.
(3) Piling the piled materials in a strip pile manner, wherein the height of the piled materials is 1m and the height of the piled materials is 1m, and coating films. Turning the piles once every 10 days for 3 times.
Example 2
(1) Sun drying fructus Lycopersici Esculenti caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae until water content is about 30%, and pulverizing with pulverizer to length of about 2 cm.
(2) Mixing the crushed tomato vines with 1% of quicklime, stacking into a circular stack with the stack height of 1.5 m.
(3) Sprinkling water 5% of the weight of tomato, covering with thick plastic film, compacting and sealing with soil, and pre-stacking for 5 days.
(4) Mixing the pre-piled tomato vines and duck manure according to the weight ratio of 7:3 to prepare a mixed material. Adding 4% of magnesium phosphate, 0.1% of glucose and 1% of pyroligneous liquor according to the weight of the mixed materials, and then adjusting the water content to about 65% by using water.
(5) Piling the piled materials in a strip pile manner, wherein the height of the piled materials is 1m and the height of the piled materials is 1m, and coating films. Turning the piles once every 10 days for 3 times.
(6) The composted and decomposed materials are returned to the field on the spot according to 1000 kg/mu, so that the tomato vines are safely returned to the field on the spot and the fertility of the vegetable field is improved.
Example 3
(1) Sun drying fructus Lycopersici Esculenti caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae until water content is about 30%, and pulverizing with pulverizer to length of about 2 cm.
(2) Mixing the crushed tomato vines with 1% of quicklime, stacking into a circular stack with the stack height of 1.5 m.
(3) Sprinkling water 5% of the weight of tomato, covering with thick plastic film, compacting and sealing with soil, and pre-stacking for 5 days.
(4) Mixing the pre-piled tomato vines and duck manure according to the weight ratio of 7:3 to prepare a mixed material. Adding 4% of magnesium phosphate, 0.1% of glucose, 1% of pyroligneous liquor and 1% of ferment according to the weight of the mixed materials, and then adjusting the water content to about 65% by using water.
(5) Piling the piled materials in a strip pile manner, wherein the height of the piled materials is 1m and the height of the piled materials is 1m, and coating films. Turning the piles once every 10 days for 3 times.
(6) The composted and decomposed materials are returned to the field on the spot according to 1000 kg/mu, so that the tomato vines are safely returned to the field on the spot and the fertility of the vegetable field is improved.
Example 4
(1) Sun drying fructus Lycopersici Esculenti caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae until water content is about 30%, and pulverizing with pulverizer to length of about 2 cm.
(2) Mixing the crushed tomato vines with 1% of quicklime, stacking into a circular stack with the stack height of 1.5 m.
(3) Sprinkling water 5% of the weight of tomato, covering with thick plastic film, compacting and sealing with soil, and pre-stacking for 5 days.
(4) Mixing the pre-piled tomato vines and duck manure according to the weight ratio of 7:3 to prepare a mixed material. Adding 4% of magnesium phosphate, 0.1% of glucose and 1% of ferment according to the weight of the mixed materials, and then adjusting the water content to about 65% by using water.
(5) Piling the piled materials in a strip pile manner, wherein the height of the piled materials is 1m and the height of the piled materials is 1m, and coating films. Turning the piles once every 10 days for 3 times.
(6) The composted and decomposed materials are returned to the field on the spot according to 1000 kg/mu, so that the tomato vines are safely returned to the field on the spot and the fertility of the vegetable field is improved.
TABLE 1 compost fertility index for each example
Note: 1) the colony number measuring method comprises the steps of leaching straws and water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, diluting the leaching liquor to 103 times, inoculating the leaching liquor to a martin culture medium, and calculating the colony number after culturing. 2) A method for measuring pH and germination index by referring to an organic fertilizer (NY/T525-2021); 3) the total nitrogen is measured by a Kjeldahl method, and the total humic acid is measured by a sodium pyrophosphate leaching-potassium dichromate volumetric method (a fertilizer detection instruction manual, agricultural press, 1990); 4) the lignin measurement refers to the measurement of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of agricultural biomass raw materials (NY/T3494-.
Compared with the traditional treatment method (example 1), the two-stage composting method (examples 2, 3 and 4) provided by the invention has the advantage that the colony number on the Martin culture medium in the materials is zero, so that pathogenic bacteria in the raw materials can be eliminated through the composting treatment in the first stage, and meanwhile, the straws can be softened, and the fermentation and the decomposition in the next stage are facilitated. By adopting the embodiments (examples 2, 3 and 4) of the invention, the composting effect of the composted materials is best, and the germination index is improved by 31.4-37.3% compared with that of the traditional composting method (example 1).
The second stage of fermentation provided by the invention can adjust the pH value of the compost and improve the composting effect by reasonably adding materials such as pyroligneous liquor, ferment and the like. In the embodiments 2 and 3, the pH of the compost is in accordance with the national organic fertilizer standard (5.5-8.5) through reasonable addition of the wood vinegar. Especially, through reasonable blending of pyroligneous liquor and ferment (example 3), the composting effect is the best (the germination index of example 3 is higher than that of examples 2 and 3), and the total nitrogen content is the highest.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for safely composting solanaceous straws and returning the solanaceous straws to the field on site is characterized in that: carrying out two-stage composting on solanaceous fruit straws, and carrying out primary composting on crushed straws and quick lime in the first stage; and the mixed materials are composted again in the second stage, and the composted and thoroughly decomposed materials are directly returned to the field on the spot.
2. The method for safely composting solanaceous straws and returning the solanaceous straws to the field on the spot as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mixed material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-30: 1 was added.
3. The method for safely composting solanaceous straws and returning the solanaceous straws to the field on the spot as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and adding ferment into the mixed material.
4. The method for safely composting solanaceous straws and returning the solanaceous straws to the field on the spot as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) adding 1-2% of quicklime in the initial stacking process, and pre-stacking for 4-6 d.
5. The method for safely composting solanaceous straws and returning the solanaceous straws to the field on the spot as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the solanaceous straws are dried in the sun or air until the moisture content is 30 to 40 percent, and then crushed;
(2) mixing the crushed solanaceous straws with quicklime accounting for 1-2% of the weight of the straws, stacking the solanaceous straws into a circular stack, wherein the stack height is 1.5-2 m;
(3) uniformly sprinkling water to the stacks according to 4-5% of the weight of the straws, then covering the films, sealing and pre-stacking for 4-6 d;
(4) mixing the pre-piled solanaceous straws in a weight ratio of 60-70% of straws and 20-30% of bean pulp or livestock and poultry manure, then adding 1% of ferment, 5% of magnesium phosphate, 0.1-0.5% of glucose and 0.3-0.5% of pyroligneous liquor according to 100% of the total weight of the materials, fully and uniformly mixing, and finally adjusting the water content of the mixed materials to 60-70% by using water;
(5) performing strip-stack type stacking, wherein the width of the bottom of a stack body is controlled to be 1.5-3.0 m, the height is 1-1.5 m, coating films, turning the stack once every 10-15 days, and turning the stack 2-3 times during the stacking period;
(6) and returning the piled and decomposed materials to the field on the spot according to 1000-2000 kg/mu.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111491777.9A CN114195577A (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Method for safely composting and returning solanaceous straws to field |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111491777.9A CN114195577A (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Method for safely composting and returning solanaceous straws to field |
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| CN114195577A true CN114195577A (en) | 2022-03-18 |
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| CN202111491777.9A Pending CN114195577A (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Method for safely composting and returning solanaceous straws to field |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1562912A (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-01-12 | 中国农业大学 | Method for controlling nitrogen loss in procedure of making artificial manure, and dedicated fixing agent |
| CN101606579A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2009-12-23 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Straw feed of a kind of fermented by white rot fungus and preparation method thereof |
| US20130273629A1 (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2013-10-17 | Axpo Kompogas Ag | Method for treating vegetable, fruit and garden waste |
| CN104945146A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Livestock/poultry manure-straw coupled field returning method |
| CN107285925A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-10-24 | 章勤 | A kind of method of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field |
| CN108929121A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-04 | 宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所（宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心） | A method of During High-Temperature Composting is carried out using tomato stalk |
| CN109534862A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-29 | 天津环微生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot |
| CN113321540A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-31 | 中国农业大学 | Method for co-composting agaricus bisporus residues and cow dung and fertilizer |
-
2021
- 2021-12-08 CN CN202111491777.9A patent/CN114195577A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1562912A (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-01-12 | 中国农业大学 | Method for controlling nitrogen loss in procedure of making artificial manure, and dedicated fixing agent |
| CN101606579A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2009-12-23 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Straw feed of a kind of fermented by white rot fungus and preparation method thereof |
| US20130273629A1 (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2013-10-17 | Axpo Kompogas Ag | Method for treating vegetable, fruit and garden waste |
| CN104945146A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Livestock/poultry manure-straw coupled field returning method |
| CN107285925A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-10-24 | 章勤 | A kind of method of utilization microorganism formulation stalk stack retting returning to the field |
| CN108929121A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-04 | 宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所（宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心） | A method of During High-Temperature Composting is carried out using tomato stalk |
| CN109534862A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-29 | 天津环微生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot |
| CN113321540A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-31 | 中国农业大学 | Method for co-composting agaricus bisporus residues and cow dung and fertilizer |
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