CN111704509A - High-carbon organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-carbon organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-carbon organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein animal manure, fruit and vegetable straws and high-carbon auxiliary materials are uniformly mixed during preparation; then mixing part of the mixture with an inoculant, and composting to prepare a decomposed base material; and stacking the rest mixture and the decomposed base materials layer by layer in a staggered manner, covering a thin film on the surface of the pile body, turning the pile for one time after a period of time, covering the film for continuous composting, uncovering the thin film for secondary turning after a period of time, and then decomposing freely to obtain the organic fertilizer. By adopting the method, the harmless treatment of the fruit and vegetable wastes can be realized, and the environmental pollution can be effectively avoided; the organic fertilizer prepared by the method has high carbon content, can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil, can improve the soil environment, enables nutrient substances in the fertilizer to be absorbed by crops more easily, and has a positive effect on improving the yield of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a high-carbon organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rapid development of modern agriculture can not leave the effective support of the fertilizer industry, the fertilizer has rapid effect, high fertilizer efficiency and relatively low price, is suitable for large-scale production, is favorable for realizing the purpose of ensuring the annual high yield of main grain crops, and promotes the improvement of the yield and the quality of economic crops. However, a series of problems such as soil hardening, land fertility reduction, agricultural non-point source pollution and the like are easily caused by long-term and excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and the organic fertilizer can play roles in improving the organic matter content of soil, improving the soil texture, enriching the microbial diversity of the soil, improving the crop quality and the like. However, the traditional organic fertilizer has single function, insufficient fertility to plants and limited improvement effect on soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-carbon organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the existing organic fertilizer has poor soil improvement effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the preparation method of the high-carbon organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing animal wastes, fruit and vegetable straws and high-carbon auxiliary materials into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, uniformly mixing the animal wastes, the fruit and vegetable straws and the high-carbon auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-4: 1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-65% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: taking compost matrix accounting for 25-30% of the total mass, uniformly mixing the compost matrix with the inoculant in a mass ratio of 8-10: 1, and then piling the mixture into a pile; the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2-4 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 1-3 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1-3 parts of bacillus megaterium, 0.5-1.5 parts of streptomyces albidoflauvs, 0.5-1.5 parts of aspergillus oryzae, 0.5-1.5 parts of geotrichum candidum and 0.5-1.5 parts of aspergillus tubingensis;
s3: covering the pile body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, and continuously composting for 6-8 days after the internal temperature of the pile body exceeds 55 ℃ to obtain a thoroughly decomposed base material;
s4: stacking the rest compost matrixes and the decomposed base materials in a layer-by-layer staggered stacking mode to form a stack, wherein the thickness of the compost matrix layer in the stack is 25-30 cm, and the thickness of the decomposed matrix layer is 5-10 cm;
s5: covering the stack with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, continuously composting for 6-8 days after the internal temperature of the stack exceeds 55 ℃, then uncovering the film to turn the stack for one time, and covering the film after turning the stack to continuously compost;
s6: and uncovering the film for secondary pile turning after 6-8 days, and obtaining the high-carbon organic fertilizer by freely decomposing for 15-20 days without covering the film after pile turning.
According to the invention, the animal waste, the fruit and vegetable straws and the high-carbon auxiliary materials are mixed together for decomposing and composting, so that the recycling of the animal waste and the fruit and vegetable residues can be realized, the influence on the environment is reduced, and the problems of water body pollution, pathogenic bacteria diffusion and the like can be avoided. And high-carbon auxiliary materials are added into the compost matrix, so that the carbon content in the organic fertilizer can be increased, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to a higher level, and by applying the organic fertilizer, the soil environment can be improved while the soil fertility is adjusted, the water locking function is improved, and the soil improvement effect is better.
During composting, the water content of a compost substrate is controlled within the range of 55-65%, the water content is moderate, organic matters can be dissolved, and the metabolism of microorganisms is promoted; meanwhile, the temperature of the compost can be adjusted under the action of evaporation of the moisture, so that the temperature of the compost is kept in a proper range, and the decomposition is promoted. The water content exceeds 65 percent, which causes favorable pore space in the compost substrate to be filled with water, thereby affecting the diffusion of air, and the organic matters are lack of oxygen supply to generate anaerobic state, so that odorous intermediate products such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan and the like are easily formed, thereby causing the substrate to be rotten and blackened; and if the water content is less than 55%, the growth requirement of microorganisms can not be met, the movement and metabolism of the microorganisms are limited, the central part of the stockpile can not reach proper high temperature, and organic matters are difficult to decompose, so that the reaction rate is reduced.
In the invention, part of compost substrate is mixed with the inoculant to form decomposed substrate. The microbial quantity in the decomposed substrate obtained by composting is greatly increased, bacterial colonies which are beneficial to the decomposition of the compost substrate are formed, and then the decomposed substrate and the compost substrate are stacked layer by layer, so that the compost substrate can be rapidly decomposed in the composting process, nutrient substances in the compost substrate are released, and the composting and decomposing time is shortened. According to the invention, the compost substrate and the decomposed base material are stacked layer by layer in a staggered manner in the composting process, so that sufficient pores can be ensured in the stack, moisture and air can enter conveniently, the metabolism of microorganisms is promoted, and the decomposing process of the compost is further promoted; and the staggered stacking can lead the decomposed microorganisms to quickly enter the compost substrate, and quickly form decomposed 'biospheres' in the compost body, thereby accelerating the decomposition process.
In the composting process, the surfaces of the stacks are covered with the breathable and moisture-permeable plastic films, and the air bins are formed in the films, so that the normal volatilization of water vapor of the stacks is ensured, the humidity and the temperature of the stacks can be maintained, the composting period can be shortened by more than 30 percent compared with the traditional treatment method, the emission of greenhouse gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and the like is reduced, and the nitrogen-preserving effect is achieved.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the mass ratio of the animal wastes, the fruit and vegetable straws and the high-carbon auxiliary materials in the compost matrix is 3:2: 1.
Further, the animal waste is cow waste; the high-carbon auxiliary material is garden waste, humic acid or biomass charcoal.
The animal manure is preferably selected from cow manure, the cow manure contains 10-20% of crude protein, 1-3% of crude fat, 20-30% of nitrogen-free extract and 15-30% of crude fiber, has high nutrients, has the functions of loosening soil, improving the soil hardening condition, chelating trace elements in the soil, improving the soil fertility and the like after being decomposed, and can improve the soil. According to the invention, garden waste, humic acid or biomass charcoal and the like are used as high-carbon auxiliary materials, raw materials are easy to obtain, and the carbon content of the materials is high (the total carbon content exceeds 40%), so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be adjusted while a carbon source is provided for the organic fertilizer, and the quality of the organic fertilizer is improved.
Further, the mass ratio of the compost substrate to the inoculant in S2 was 9: 1.
Further, the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
3 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 parts of bacillus megaterium, 1 part of streptomyces albidoflavus, 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, 1 part of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of aspergillus tubingensis.
The inoculant provided by the invention comprises plant lactic acid bacteria, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus megaterium, streptomyces albidoflauvs, aspergillus oryzae, geotrichum candidum and aspergillus tubingensis. The plant lactic acid bacteria have strong bactericidal capacity, can effectively inhibit the activity of harmful microorganisms, can decompose lignin and cellulose which are not easily decomposed in a normal state, promote the fermentation and decomposition of organic matters, and improve the content of organic matters in the organic fertilizer. The saccharomyces cerevisiae exerts the fermentation capacity, can synthesize an activating substance for promoting root growth and cell division in the organic fertilizer, can provide important nutrition guarantee while proliferating other bacteria, and ensures the survival and the propagation of decomposed microorganisms. The bacillus megaterium has strong functions of fixing carbon, fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus, releasing potassium, resisting diseases and the like, can improve the utilization rate of organic fertilizers, can degrade organic matters in compost into reusable mineral substances, amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, micromolecular polypeptides, humus, carbon dioxide and the like of crops, and promotes the absorption of the crops. The aspergillus oryzae can enable organic matters, phosphorus, potassium and other elements contained in the straws to become nutrients required by plant growth, generate a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, stimulate crop production, improve soil organic matters, improve soil structure, supplement the quantity of the beneficial microorganisms in soil, further promote substance and energy conversion and humus formation and decomposition in the soil, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and in addition, the aspergillus oryzae can also generate beneficial metabolites to inhibit and kill harmful bacteria. The fermentation products of geotrichum candidum, streptomyces albidoflauvs and aspergillus tubingensis can adjust the accumulation and distribution of nutrient substances in plants and promote the rooting of crops, so that the obtained organic fertilizer has stronger fertility and better soil improvement effect. The strain has synergistic effect, so that the decomposition process of the matrix can be accelerated, the decomposed organic fertilizer is easier to be absorbed by crops, and the utilization rate of the organic fertilizer is higher.
Furthermore, the bottommost part and the topmost part of the stack are compost substrates, and the number of the compost substrates in the stack is 2-4.
By adopting the method, the high-carbon organic fertilizer with excellent performance can be obtained, has high carbon content, can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil, has the effects of loosening the soil, improving the soil hardening condition, chelating trace elements in the soil, improving the soil fertility and the like, and has a good improvement effect on the soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a method for composting animal wastes and fruit, vegetable and straw is adopted, and the vegetable wastes, corn straws with high carbon-nitrogen ratio, livestock and poultry wastes and the like are subjected to combined high-temperature composting according to the characteristics of high nutrient content and high water content of the straw vegetable wastes, so that the harmless treatment of the fruit and vegetable wastes is realized, and the environmental pollution can be effectively avoided; the organic fertilizer prepared by the method has high carbon content, can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil, can improve the soil environment, enables nutrient substances in the fertilizer to be absorbed by crops more easily, and has a positive effect on improving the yield of the crops.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A high-carbon organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
s1: smashing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and garden waste into small sections with the length not exceeding 5cm, then uniformly mixing the cow dung, the fruit and vegetable straws and the garden waste according to the mass ratio of 3:2:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: taking compost matrixes accounting for about 25% of the total mass, uniformly mixing the compost matrixes with an inoculant, wherein the mass ratio of the compost matrixes to the inoculant in the mixture is 9:1, and then piling the mixture into a pile; the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
3 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 parts of bacillus megaterium, 1 part of streptomyces albidoflavus, 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, 1 part of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of aspergillus tubingensis;
s3: covering the pile body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, and continuously composting for 7 days after the internal temperature of the pile body exceeds 55 ℃ to obtain a thoroughly decomposed base material;
s4: stacking the rest compost matrixes and the decomposed base materials in a staggered stacking mode layer by layer to form a stack, wherein the thickness of the compost matrix layer in the stack is about 30cm, and the thickness of the decomposed matrix layer is about 10 cm; the bottom and top of the stack are compost substrates, with 3 layers of compost substrates in the stack.
S5: covering the stack with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, continuously composting for 7 days after the internal temperature of the stack exceeds 55 ℃, then uncovering the film to turn the stack for one time, and covering the film after turning the stack to continuously compost;
s6: and (4) uncovering the film after 7 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the high-carbon organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 20 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Example 2
A high-carbon organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
s1: smashing cattle manure, fruit and vegetable straws and humic acid into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing the cattle manure, the fruit and vegetable straws and the humic acid according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: taking compost matrixes accounting for about 30% of the total mass, uniformly mixing the compost matrixes with an inoculant, wherein the mass ratio of the compost matrixes to the inoculant in the mixture is 10:1, and then piling the mixture into a pile; the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 3 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1 part of bacillus megaterium, 1.5 parts of streptomyces albidoflauvs, 0.5 part of aspergillus oryzae, 1.5 parts of geotrichum candidum and 0.5 part of aspergillus tubingensis;
s3: covering the pile body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, and continuously composting for 8 days after the internal temperature of the pile body exceeds 55 ℃ to obtain a thoroughly decomposed base material;
s4: stacking the rest compost matrixes and the decomposed base materials in a staggered stacking mode layer by layer to form a stack, wherein the thickness of the compost matrix layer in the stack is about 25cm, and the thickness of the decomposed matrix layer is about 5 cm; the bottom and top of the stack are compost substrates, with 4 layers of compost substrates in the stack.
S5: covering the stack with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, continuously composting for 8 days after the internal temperature of the stack exceeds 55 ℃, then uncovering the film to turn the stack for one time, and covering the film after turning the stack to continuously compost;
s6: and (4) uncovering the film after 6 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the high-carbon organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 15 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Example 3
A high-carbon organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
s1: smashing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and biomass carbon powder into small sections with the length not exceeding 5cm, then uniformly mixing the cow dung, the fruit and vegetable straws and the biomass carbon according to the mass ratio of 1:4:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 65% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: taking compost matrixes accounting for about 25% of the total mass, uniformly mixing the compost matrixes with an inoculant, wherein the mass ratio of the compost matrixes to the inoculant in the mixture is 8:1, and then piling the mixture into a pile; the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
4 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3 parts of bacillus megaterium, 0.5 part of streptomyces albidoflauvs, 1.5 parts of aspergillus oryzae, 0.5 part of geotrichum candidum and 1.5 parts of aspergillus tubingensis;
s3: covering the pile body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, and continuously composting for 6 days after the internal temperature of the pile body exceeds 55 ℃ to obtain a thoroughly decomposed base material;
s4: stacking the rest compost matrixes and the decomposed base materials in a staggered stacking mode layer by layer to form a stack, wherein the thickness of the compost matrix layer in the stack is about 25cm, and the thickness of the decomposed matrix layer is about 10 cm; the bottom and top of the stack are compost substrates, with 3 layers of compost substrates in the stack.
S5: covering the stack with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, continuously composting for 6 days after the internal temperature of the stack exceeds 55 ℃, then uncovering the film to turn the stack for one time, and covering the film after turning the stack to continuously compost;
s6: and (4) uncovering the film after 8 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the high-carbon organic fertilizer after the pile is turned over without covering the film and is decomposed freely for 18 days.
Comparative example 1
An organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
s1: smashing cow dung and fruit and vegetable straws into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, then uniformly mixing the cow dung and the fruit and vegetable straws according to the mass ratio of 3:2, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: taking compost matrixes accounting for about 25% of the total mass, uniformly mixing the compost matrixes with an inoculant, wherein the mass ratio of the compost matrixes to the inoculant in the mixture is 9:1, and then piling the mixture into a pile; the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
3 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 parts of bacillus megaterium, 1 part of streptomyces albidoflavus, 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, 1 part of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of aspergillus tubingensis;
s3: covering the pile body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, and continuously composting for 7 days after the internal temperature of the pile body exceeds 55 ℃ to obtain a thoroughly decomposed base material;
s4: stacking the rest compost matrixes and the decomposed base materials in a staggered stacking mode layer by layer to form a stack, wherein the thickness of the compost matrix layer in the stack is about 30cm, and the thickness of the decomposed matrix layer is about 10 cm; the bottom and top of the stack are compost substrates, with 3 layers of compost substrates in the stack.
S5: covering the stack with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, continuously composting for 7 days after the internal temperature of the stack exceeds 55 ℃, then uncovering the film to turn the stack for one time, and covering the film after turning the stack to continuously compost;
s6: and (4) uncovering the film after 7 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the high-carbon organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 20 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Comparative example 2
An organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
s1: smashing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and garden waste into small sections with the length not exceeding 5cm, then uniformly mixing the cow dung, the fruit and vegetable straws and the garden waste according to the mass ratio of 3:2:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: adding an inoculant into the compost substrate and uniformly mixing, wherein the added inoculant accounts for about 3% of the total mass of the compost substrate, and the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
3 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 parts of bacillus megaterium, 1 part of streptomyces albidoflavus, 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, 1 part of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of aspergillus tubingensis;
s3: stacking the mixture obtained in the step S2 layer by layer to form a stack, wherein the thickness of each layer is about 30cm, and the total number of the layers is 4;
s4: covering the stack with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, continuously composting for 7 days after the internal temperature of the stack exceeds 55 ℃, then uncovering the film to turn the stack for one time, and covering the film after turning the stack to continuously compost;
s5: and (4) uncovering the film after 7 days to turn over the pile for the second time, and obtaining the high-carbon organic fertilizer after free decomposition for 20 days without covering the film after turning over the pile.
Comparative example 3
An organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
s1: smashing cow dung, fruit and vegetable straws and garden waste into small sections with the length not exceeding 5cm, then uniformly mixing the cow dung, the fruit and vegetable straws and the garden waste according to the mass ratio of 3:2:1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 60% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: taking compost matrix accounting for about 25% of the total mass, and uniformly mixing the compost matrix with the inoculant, wherein the mass ratio of the compost matrix to the inoculant in the mixture is 9: 1; the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
3 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 parts of bacillus megaterium, 1 part of streptomyces albidoflavus, 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, 1 part of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of aspergillus tubingensis;
s3: piling the mixture obtained in the step S2 into a pile body, and continuously composting for 7 days after the internal temperature of the pile body exceeds 55 ℃ to obtain a thoroughly decomposed base material;
s4: stacking the rest compost matrixes and the decomposed base materials in a staggered stacking mode layer by layer to form a stack, wherein the thickness of the compost matrix layer in the stack is about 30cm, and the thickness of the decomposed matrix layer is about 10 cm; the bottommost part and the topmost part of the stack are compost substrates, and the compost substrate layers in the stack are 3 layers;
s5: continuously composting for 7 days after the internal temperature of the stack exceeds 55 ℃, then turning the stack once, and continuously composting after turning the stack;
s6: and turning over the pile for the second time after 7 days, and then freely decomposing for 20 days to obtain the high-carbon organic fertilizer.
Analysis of results
The properties of the organic fertilizer obtained by each experimental group are inspected, the total nutrient content, the organic matter content and the organic carbon content of the organic fertilizer are analyzed and measured, and the results are listed in table 1.
TABLE 1 organic fertilizer Properties
| Experimental group | Total nutrient content (%) | Organic matter content (%) | Organic carbon content (g/kg) |
| Example 1 | 5.56 | 43.16 | 53.01 |
| Example 2 | 5.49 | 43.21 | 52.87 |
| Example 3 | 5.52 | 42.89 | 53.14 |
| Comparative example 1 | 4.92 | 37.45 | 35.87 |
| Comparative example 2 | 4.63 | 34.59 | 46.78 |
| Comparative example 3 | 4.76 | 36.28 | 44.35 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the composting method of the invention can ensure that the obtained organic fertilizer has higher total nutrient content and organic matter content, and simultaneously has higher carbon content, because the high-carbon auxiliary material is added in the composting process, the carbon content of the high-carbon auxiliary material is higher, and the carbon of the organic fertilizer can be supplemented after the high-carbon auxiliary material is decomposed, so that the carbon content of the organic fertilizer is kept at a higher level. In addition, the invention covers the film in the composting process, and the film can not only prevent the temperature from diffusing outwards, but also reduce the volatilization of carbon dioxide and the like, and can effectively reduce the loss of carbon elements.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 1 has the advantages that high carbon auxiliary materials are not added in the composting process, so that carbon cannot be supplemented in the composting process, the carbon content of the final organic fertilizer is further influenced, and the total nutrient content, the organic matter content and the carbon content of the organic fertilizer are reduced.
Comparative example 2 compared with example 1, the organic fertilizer has the advantages that the microbial population is less when decomposed, the decomposed microbial population cannot form a decomposition 'biosphere' in the compost body rapidly, the compost matrix cannot be decomposed completely, and the total nutrient content, organic matter content and carbon content in the organic fertilizer are lower because the pre-decomposition process is not carried out.
Compared with the embodiment 1, in the comparative example 3, the organic carbon and the like are decomposed into inorganic ions by microorganisms without being covered by a film in the composting process, and the inorganic ions are easy to form gas to be released into the air, so that the environment is polluted, carbon element loss is caused, and the total nutrient content and the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer are reduced.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the high-carbon organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: crushing animal wastes, fruit and vegetable straws and high-carbon auxiliary materials into small sections with the length not more than 5cm, uniformly mixing the animal wastes, the fruit and vegetable straws and the high-carbon auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 1-3: 1-4: 1, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-65% by adding dry and wet materials to obtain a compost substrate;
s2: taking compost matrix accounting for 25-30% of the total mass, uniformly mixing the compost matrix with the inoculant in a mass ratio of 8-10: 1, and then piling the mixture into a pile; the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2-4 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 1-3 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1-3 parts of bacillus megaterium, 0.5-1.5 parts of streptomyces albidoflauvs, 0.5-1.5 parts of aspergillus oryzae, 0.5-1.5 parts of geotrichum candidum and 0.5-1.5 parts of aspergillus tubingensis;
s3: covering the pile body with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, and continuously composting for 6-8 days after the internal temperature of the pile body exceeds 55 ℃ to obtain a thoroughly decomposed base material;
s4: stacking the rest compost matrixes and the decomposed base materials in a layer-by-layer staggered stacking mode to form a stack, wherein the thickness of the compost matrix layer in the stack is 25-30 cm, and the thickness of the decomposed matrix layer is 5-10 cm;
s5: covering the stack with a breathable and moisture-permeable plastic film, continuously composting for 6-8 days after the internal temperature of the stack exceeds 55 ℃, then uncovering the film to turn the stack for one time, and covering the film after turning the stack to continuously compost;
s6: and uncovering the film for secondary pile turning after 6-8 days, and obtaining the high-carbon organic fertilizer by freely decomposing for 15-20 days without covering the film after pile turning.
2. The preparation method of the high-carbon organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the animal wastes, the fruit and vegetable straws to the high-carbon auxiliary materials in the compost matrix is 3:2: 1.
3. The method for preparing the high-carbon organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the animal waste is cow dung; the high-carbon auxiliary material is garden waste, humic acid or biomass charcoal.
4. The preparation method of the high-carbon organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the compost substrate to the inoculant in S2 is 9: 1.
5. The preparation method of the high-carbon organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the inoculant comprises the following components in parts by mass:
3 parts of plant lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2 parts of bacillus megaterium, 1 part of streptomyces albidoflavus, 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, 1 part of geotrichum candidum and 1 part of aspergillus tubingensis.
6. The preparation method of the high-carbon organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the bottommost part and the topmost part of the stack are compost substrates, and the number of the compost substrates in the stack is 2-4.
7. The high-carbon organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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