CN112341263A - Processing method of selenium-rich organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Processing method of selenium-rich organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112341263A CN112341263A CN202011397657.8A CN202011397657A CN112341263A CN 112341263 A CN112341263 A CN 112341263A CN 202011397657 A CN202011397657 A CN 202011397657A CN 112341263 A CN112341263 A CN 112341263A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
A processing method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer takes fruit tree branches and leaves, woody edible fungus chaff, sheep manure, sodium selenite, fishpond sludge and the like as raw materials, and the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is prepared by processing such as steam explosion treatment, mixed fermentation of the woody edible fungus chaff, high-temperature stacking fermentation, normal-temperature stacking fermentation, drying and crushing. The selenium-rich organic fertilizer prepared by the invention can increase soil organic matters and soil nutrients, and is rich in organic selenium; it can be used as soil base fertilizer and top dressing, and is suitable for planting selenium-rich crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and relates to a processing method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer.
Background
The organic fertilizer is formed by adopting various animal wastes (including animal wastes, animal processing wastes) and plant residues (cake fertilizers, crop branches and leaves, fallen leaves, dead branches, turf and the like) by adopting physical, chemical, biological or combined treatment technologies through a certain processing technology (including but not limited to composting, high temperature, anaerobic and the like) to eliminate harmful substances (pathogenic bacteria, insect pests, weed seeds and the like) to reach harmless standards, and meets the national relevant standards (such as NY 525) and regulations. The organic fertilizer is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, including various organic acids, peptides, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and renew soil organic matters, promotes the propagation of microorganisms, improves the physical and chemical properties and the biological activity of soil, and is a main nutrient for green food production.
Selenium is a chemical element and is a trace element necessary for human body. Generally, selenium in human body can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein thereof, inhibit the transcription of oncogene, interfere the metabolism of carcinogenic substances, and is known as cancer prevention king. In addition, selenium in human body has effects of resisting oxidation, enhancing immunity, preventing diabetes, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, removing toxic substance, preventing and treating liver diseases and protecting liver.
Selenium-rich agricultural products, i.e. agricultural products containing abundant selenium element, can improve human immunity, promote proliferation of lymphocytes and synthesis of antibodies and immune globulin. The selenium-rich organic fertilizer is an important nutrient for selenium-rich crops and is a basic raw material for producing selenium-rich agricultural products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a processing method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing fruit tree branches and leaves into particles with the particle size of 3-6mm, and then soaking the crushed fruit tree branches and leaves particles in water for 24-48 h; then carrying out steam explosion treatment on the soaked fruit tree branch and leaf particles;
step 2: mixing the fruit branch and leaf particles subjected to steam explosion treatment and the edible woody mushroom fungus chaff according to the mass ratio of 1-5:1-2, uniformly mixing, stacking and placing, wherein the weight of each stack is 1.0-2.5 tons, the gradient of each stack is 25-30 degrees, and stacking and fermenting; in the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of materials at the depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃; sampling from a depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 24 hours, detecting the water content of the material, and supplementing water in a spraying or sprinkling manner when the water content of the material is lower than 45%; stacking and fermenting for 15-30d, and collecting to obtain a fermentation product;
and step 3: uniformly mixing 50-70 parts by weight of the fermentation product obtained in the step 2, 30-50 parts by weight of sheep manure and 0.01-0.10 part by weight of sodium selenite, then placing the mixture in piles, wherein each pile is 1.0-2.5 tons in weight, the gradient of the pile is 40-60 degrees, and carrying out stacking fermentation; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than 60 ℃; sampling from a depth of 15-25cm inside the fermentation pile every 12-14h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampled material is lower than 45%, supplementing water to the surface of the fermentation pile in a spraying or sprinkling mode; stacking for fermentation time, fermenting for 15-20 days in spring and summer, and fermenting for 25-30 days in autumn and winter;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing 50-70 parts by weight of the fermentation product obtained in the step 3 and 30-50 parts by weight of fishpond sludge; then the mixture is placed in piles, the weight of each pile is 1.0 to 2.5 tons, and the gradient of the pile is 25 to 40 degrees; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than 45 ℃; sampling from a depth of 15-25cm inside the fermentation pile every 12-14h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampled material is lower than 45%, supplementing water to the surface of the fermentation pile in a spraying or sprinkling mode; stacking for fermentation time, fermenting for 10-15 days in spring and summer, and fermenting for 15-20 days in autumn and winter;
and 5: spreading the fermentation product obtained in the step (4), wherein the average height is less than or equal to 10cm, and standing for 24-72h to reduce the water content of the material to below 35%; then drying with hot air of 40-60 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 15 percent, and crushing to 20-40 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: and (3) steam explosion treatment: the water-material ratio is 1:5-10, the pressure maintaining time is 10-15min, and the steam pressure is 2.0-2.5 MPa.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention adopts steam explosion to treat the branches and leaves of the fruit trees, which is beneficial to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in the branches and leaves of the fruit trees.
2. According to the invention, the branches and leaves of the fruits and the vegetables are treated by mixed fermentation of the edible woody fungi residues, and the cellulose and the hemicellulose in the branches and leaves of the fruits and the vegetables are degraded and metabolized by using the mycelium residues of the edible woody fungi in the residues, so that the degradation and metabolism of the branches and the leaves of the fruits and the vegetables are accelerated.
3. According to the invention, animal and plant wastes such as fruit and vegetable branches and leaves, animal wastes, mushroom bran and the like are subjected to stacking fermentation at high temperature and normal temperature, and inorganic selenium is added at the same time, so that the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is prepared.
4. The selenium-rich organic fertilizer prepared by the invention can increase soil organic matters and soil nutrients, and is rich in organic selenium; it can be used as soil base fertilizer and top dressing, and is suitable for planting selenium-rich crops.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Example 1: processing method of selenium-rich organic fertilizer
A processing method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following technical steps.
(1) Steam explosion treatment of fruit tree branches and leaves
The fruit branch and leaf raw material is the residual branch and broken leaves of pruned fruit trees such as grapes, pears, apples, yellow peaches and the like.
Uniformly crushing the branches and leaves of the fruits into fine particles with the particle size of 3-6mm for later use.
And fully soaking the crushed fruit tree branches and leaves particles for 36 hours at normal temperature by using enough agricultural water for later use.
Taking out the soaked fruit tree branches and leaves particles, placing the fruit tree branches and leaves particles in steam explosion equipment, and performing steam explosion treatment by adopting parameters of a water-material ratio of 1:8, a pressure maintaining time of 12min and a steam pressure of 2.2 MPa; collecting the fruit branch and leaf particles after steam explosion, and cooling to normal temperature for later use.
(2) Mixing fermentation treatment of fungus chaff of woody edible fungus
The woody edible fungus refers to large fungi which naturally grow on the residue of woody plant and can cause wood decay, such as shiitake mushroom, pleurotus eryngii, and the like.
The edible woody fungus chaff refers to a fresh culture medium waste left after the cultivation and harvest of the woody edible fungus, wherein the waste contains abundant fresh edible woody fungus mycelium residues.
Mixing the fruit tree branch and leaf particles subjected to steam explosion in the step (1) and the edible fungus chaff of the xylogen according to the mass ratio of 2:1, fully and uniformly stirring, piling the mixture, placing the mixture in a way that the average weight of each pile is 1.8 tons, the gradient of the pile is 25-30 degrees, and carrying out stacking fermentation at normal temperature; during fermentation, measuring the temperature of materials at the depth of 20cm of a fermentation pile every 10h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃; sampling from a depth of 20cm in the fermentation pile every 24 hours, detecting the water content of the material, and supplementing water in a spraying or sprinkling mode when the water content of the material is lower than 45%; stacking for fermentation for 20d, and collecting the fermentation product for later use.
(3) High temperature stacking fermentation
And (3) fully and uniformly mixing 60 parts by weight of the fermentation product in the step (2), 40 parts by weight of sheep manure and 0.05 part by weight of sodium selenite. The mixture is placed in piles, the weight of each pile is 1.8 tons on average, and the gradient of the pile is 50 degrees; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 20cm in the fermentation pile every 10h, and turning the fermentation pile when the temperature is higher than 60 ℃; sampling from the depth of 20cm in the fermentation pile every 13h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampling material is lower than 45%, the surface of the fermentation pile needs to be supplemented with water in a spraying or sprinkling mode, and the supplemented water meets the agricultural water requirement. And (3) stacking at a high temperature for fermentation for 18d in spring and summer and 28d in autumn and winter.
(4) Normal temperature stacking fermentation
And (4) taking sludge in the fishpond, and draining water for later use.
And (3) fully and uniformly mixing 60 parts by weight of the medium-high temperature stacking fermentation product in the step (3) and 40 parts by weight of fishpond sludge. The mixture is placed in piles, the weight of each pile is 1.7 tons on average, and the gradient of the pile is 30 degrees; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 20cm in the fermentation pile every 10h, and turning the fermentation pile when the temperature is higher than 45 ℃; sampling from the depth of 20cm in the fermentation pile every 13h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampling material is lower than 45%, the surface of the fermentation pile needs to be supplemented with water in a spraying or sprinkling mode, and the supplemented water meets the agricultural water requirement. Stacking and fermenting at normal temperature for 12 days in spring and summer and 18 days in autumn and winter.
(5) Drying and pulverizing
After the stacking fermentation at normal temperature is finished, spreading the fermentation product, wherein the average height is lower than 10cm, and standing for 50h to reduce the water content of the material to below 35%.
Drying the spread materials by hot air at 50 ℃ until the water content is lower than 15%, and then crushing the materials into 20-40 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer.
The selenium-rich organic fertilizer can increase soil organic matters and soil nutrients, and is rich in organic selenium; it can be used as soil base fertilizer and top dressing, and is suitable for planting selenium-rich crops.
Example 2: processing method of selenium-rich organic fertilizer
A processing method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing fruit tree branches and leaves into particles with the particle size of 3mm, and then soaking the crushed fruit tree branches and leaves particles in water for 24-48 h; then carrying out steam explosion treatment on the soaked fruit tree branch and leaf particles;
step 2: mixing the fruit branch and leaf particles subjected to steam explosion treatment and the edible woody mushroom fungus chaff according to the mass ratio of 1:2, uniformly mixing, stacking and placing, wherein the weight of each stack is 1.0 ton, the gradient of the stack is 25 degrees, and stacking and fermenting; in the fermentation process, measuring the material temperature at the depth of 15cm of a fermentation pile every 8h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃; sampling from a depth of 15cm in the fermentation pile every 24 hours, detecting the water content of the material, and supplementing water in a spraying or sprinkling manner when the water content of the material is lower than 45%; stacking and fermenting for 15d, and collecting a fermentation product;
and step 3: uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of the fermentation product obtained in the step 2, 30 parts by weight of sheep manure and 0.01 part by weight of sodium selenite, and then piling and placing the mixture, wherein each pile is 1.0 ton in weight, the gradient of the pile is 40 degrees, and carrying out stacking fermentation; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 15cm in the fermentation pile every 8h, and turning the fermentation pile when the temperature is higher than 60 ℃; sampling from a depth of 15cm inside the fermentation pile every 12h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampled material is lower than 45%, supplementing water to the surface of the fermentation pile in a spraying or sprinkling mode; stacking for fermentation time, fermenting for 15d in spring and summer, and fermenting for 25d in autumn and winter;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing 50 parts by weight of the fermentation product obtained in the step 3 and 30 parts by weight of fishpond sludge; then the mixture is placed in piles, each pile weighs 1.0 ton, and the gradient of the pile is 25 degrees; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 15cm in the fermentation pile every 8h, and turning the fermentation pile when the temperature is higher than 45 ℃; sampling from a depth of 15cm inside the fermentation pile every 12h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampled material is lower than 45%, supplementing water to the surface of the fermentation pile in a spraying or sprinkling mode; stacking for fermentation time, fermenting for 10 days in spring and summer, and fermenting for 15 days in autumn and winter;
and 5: spreading the fermentation product obtained in the step (4), wherein the average height is less than or equal to 10cm, and standing for 24 hours to reduce the water content of the material to below 35%; then drying the mixture by hot air at 40 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 15 percent, and crushing the mixture into 20 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer.
The preferred embodiment is: and (3) steam explosion treatment: the water-material ratio is 1:5, the pressure maintaining time is 10min, and the steam pressure is 2.0 MPa.
Example 3: processing method of selenium-rich organic fertilizer
A processing method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing fruit tree branches and leaves into particles with the particle size of 3-6mm, and then soaking the crushed fruit tree branches and leaves particles in water for 24-48 h; then carrying out steam explosion treatment on the soaked fruit tree branch and leaf particles;
step 2: mixing the fruit branch and leaf particles subjected to steam explosion treatment with the edible woody fungus chaff according to the mass ratio of 5:1, uniformly mixing, stacking and placing, wherein each stack weighs 2.5 tons, the gradient of the stack is 30 degrees, and stacking and fermenting; in the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of materials at the depth of 25cm of a fermentation pile every 12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃; sampling from a depth of 25cm in the fermentation pile every 24 hours, detecting the water content of the material, and supplementing water in a spraying or sprinkling manner when the water content of the material is lower than 45%; stacking and fermenting for 30d, and collecting a fermentation product;
and step 3: uniformly mixing 70 parts by weight of the fermentation product obtained in the step 2, 50 parts by weight of sheep manure and 0.10 part by weight of sodium selenite, and then piling the mixture, wherein each pile is 2.5 tons in weight, the gradient of the pile is 60 degrees, and carrying out stacking fermentation; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 25cm in the fermentation pile every 12h, and turning the fermentation pile when the temperature is higher than 60 ℃; sampling from a depth of 25cm in the fermentation pile every 14h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampled material is lower than 45%, supplementing water to the surface of the fermentation pile in a spraying or sprinkling mode; stacking for fermentation time, fermenting for 20 days in spring and summer, and fermenting for 30 days in autumn and winter;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing 70 parts by weight of the fermentation product obtained in the step 3 and 50 parts by weight of fishpond sludge; then the mixture is placed in piles, each pile weighs 2.5 tons, and the gradient of the pile is 40 degrees; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 25cm in the fermentation pile every 12h, and turning the fermentation pile when the temperature is higher than 45 ℃; sampling from a depth of 25cm in the fermentation pile every 14h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampled material is lower than 45%, supplementing water to the surface of the fermentation pile in a spraying or sprinkling mode; stacking for fermentation time, fermenting for 15d in spring and summer, and fermenting for 20d in autumn and winter;
and 5: spreading the fermentation product obtained in the step (4), wherein the average height is less than or equal to 10cm, and standing for 72 hours to reduce the water content of the material to below 35%; then drying the mixture by hot air at 60 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 15 percent, and crushing the mixture into 40 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer.
The preferable technical scheme is as follows: and (3) steam explosion treatment: the water-material ratio is 1:10, the pressure maintaining time is 15min, and the steam pressure is 2.5 MPa.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof in any way, and any modifications or variations thereof that fall within the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A processing method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing fruit tree branches and leaves into particles with the particle size of 3-6mm, and then soaking the crushed fruit tree branches and leaves particles in water for 24-48 h; then carrying out steam explosion treatment on the soaked fruit tree branch and leaf particles;
step 2: mixing the fruit branch and leaf particles subjected to steam explosion treatment and the edible woody mushroom fungus chaff according to the mass ratio of 1-5:1-2, uniformly mixing, stacking and placing, wherein the weight of each stack is 1.0-2.5 tons, the gradient of each stack is 25-30 degrees, and stacking and fermenting; in the fermentation process, measuring the temperature of materials at the depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃; sampling from a depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 24 hours, detecting the water content of the material, and supplementing water in a spraying or sprinkling manner when the water content of the material is lower than 45%; stacking and fermenting for 15-30d, and collecting to obtain a fermentation product;
and step 3: uniformly mixing 50-70 parts by weight of the fermentation product obtained in the step 2, 30-50 parts by weight of sheep manure and 0.01-0.10 part by weight of sodium selenite, then placing the mixture in piles, wherein each pile is 1.0-2.5 tons in weight, the gradient of the pile is 40-60 degrees, and carrying out stacking fermentation; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than 60 ℃; sampling from a depth of 15-25cm inside the fermentation pile every 12-14h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampled material is lower than 45%, supplementing water to the surface of the fermentation pile in a spraying or sprinkling mode; stacking for fermentation time, fermenting for 15-20 days in spring and summer, and fermenting for 25-30 days in autumn and winter;
and 4, step 4: uniformly mixing 50-70 parts by weight of the fermentation product obtained in the step 3 and 30-50 parts by weight of fishpond sludge; then the mixture is placed in piles, the weight of each pile is 1.0 to 2.5 tons, and the gradient of the pile is 25 to 40 degrees; measuring the temperature of the material at the depth of 15-25cm in the fermentation pile every 8-12h, and turning the pile when the temperature is higher than 45 ℃; sampling from a depth of 15-25cm inside the fermentation pile every 12-14h, and detecting the water content of the sampled material; when the water content of the sampled material is lower than 45%, supplementing water to the surface of the fermentation pile in a spraying or sprinkling mode; stacking for fermentation time, fermenting for 10-15 days in spring and summer, and fermenting for 15-20 days in autumn and winter;
and 5: spreading the fermentation product obtained in the step (4), wherein the average height is less than or equal to 10cm, and standing for 24-72h to reduce the water content of the material to below 35%; then drying with hot air of 40-60 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 15 percent, and crushing to 20-40 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer.
2. The processing method of the selenium enriched organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) steam explosion treatment: the water-material ratio is 1:5-10, the pressure maintaining time is 10-15min, and the steam pressure is 2.0-2.5 MPa.
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CN112243834A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-01-22 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for improving forest land soil by using stropharia rugoso-annulata mushroom dregs |
CN113307665A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-27 | 巢湖市祥慧湖羊养殖有限公司 | Method for preparing environment-friendly organic fertilizer by using sheep manure |
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