CN110563516B - Tea tree organic fertilizer capable of expelling parasites and promoting growth and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tea tree organic fertilizer capable of expelling parasites and promoting growth and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110563516B CN110563516B CN201910833138.2A CN201910833138A CN110563516B CN 110563516 B CN110563516 B CN 110563516B CN 201910833138 A CN201910833138 A CN 201910833138A CN 110563516 B CN110563516 B CN 110563516B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses an insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 300 parts of mushroom bag residues, 200 parts of camptotheca acuminata, 30-60 parts of fermentation bacteria agent and 300 parts of bean cakes; the mushroom bag dregs mainly comprise tea tree byproducts and securinega suffruticosa, and the mass ratio of the tea tree byproducts to the securinega suffruticosa dregs is 1-3: 1-2. The insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer saves resources, is beneficial to environmental protection, and can kill underground insects and improve the quality of tea leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and relates to a tea tree organic fertilizer capable of expelling insects and promoting growth and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is a big country for producing tea and mushrooms, and tea tree byproducts and mushroom fungus bag residues are generated more and more along with the development of related industries. The tea tree byproduct refers to branches and leaves trimmed from a tea garden, tea ash from a refining plant, tea residue left after making instant tea ice tea, cake meal after oil extraction from tea seeds, tea fruits, tendon and stem leaves and the like. The mushroom bag residues are wastes left after mushroom planting, and are usually made of straws as main raw materials. At the present stage, the resource utilization ways of tea tree byproducts and mushroom bag residues are not many, the industrialization forming conditions are not provided, the problems of low technical content, comprehensive utilization level and added value and short industrial chain exist, a large amount of resource waste is caused, and a series of problems such as environmental pollution are caused. If improper treatment is carried out, resources are wasted, serious problems can be caused, for example, resources are wasted by open-air incineration, land capability is damaged, atmosphere is polluted, traffic is affected, toxic substances such as soil bacteria and the like are accumulated by natural decomposition, soil nutrients are lost, diseases and insect pests are spread, the ecological environment is polluted, and in addition, great hidden dangers are brought to agricultural production and environment such as later edible fungus cultivation. Therefore, the resource utilization of the tea tree byproducts and the mushroom bags becomes a big problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides the tea tree organic fertilizer which takes tea tree byproducts and mushroom bags as main raw materials, has low cost and high fertilizer efficiency and can kill underground pests at the same time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an organic fertilizer for expelling parasites and promoting growth of tea trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
300 parts of mushroom bag residues, 200 parts of camptotheca acuminata, 30-60 parts of fermentation bacteria agent and 300 parts of bean cakes; wherein the mushroom bag dregs mainly comprise tea tree byproduct and securinega suffruticosa.
Preferably, the insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight:
180-260 parts of mushroom fungus bag residues, 170 parts of camptotheca acuminata, 40-50 parts of fermentation bacteria agent and 280 parts of bean cakes.
The mushroom bag dregs are mainly prepared from tea tree byproducts and securinega suffruticosa as main raw materials, and wood dust and wheat bran as auxiliary materials, and are mainly used for producing mushrooms such as shiitake mushroom and the like, and the mushrooms are cut to remove outer plastic films, mashed, separated, tedded and dried. Specifically, the mushroom fungus bag residues are prepared by the following method, comprising the following steps:
tedding tea tree byproducts and securinega suffruticosa, drying, crushing, adding wood dust and wheat bran, wetting with lime milk, mixing, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, and harvesting after mushroom caps are mature;
and (2) removing the outer plastic film of the collected mushroom fungus bags, mashing, separating, tedding and drying.
The mass ratio of the tea tree byproduct, the suffruticosa slag, the wood dust and the wheat bran is 1-3:1-2:1:1.5, and preferably 2:1.5:1: 1.5.
The securinega suffruticosa is waste residue obtained by extracting the overground part of stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of the securinega suffruticosa or the overground part of the securinega suffruticosa with ethanol. Specifically, the securinega suffruticosa is waste residue obtained by reflux extraction of overground part of securinega suffruticosa or securinega suffruticosa for 1.5 hours by 70% ethanol.
The camptotheca acuminate is camptotheca acuminate leaves and/or fruits or waste residues of the camptotheca acuminate leaves and/or fruits after ethanol extraction. Specifically, the camptotheca acuminate is waste residue obtained by reflux extracting camptotheca acuminate leaves and/or fruits or camptotheca acuminate leaves and/or fruits for 2 hours by 60% ethanol.
The fermentation microbial inoculum is an EM microbial inoculum, mainly comprises cellulose decomposing bacteria, starch decomposing bacteria and protein decomposing bacteria, and can be directly purchased from the market.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
crushing the camptotheca acuminate, and soaking and pretreating the camptotheca acuminate and lime milk for 20-24 hours, preferably 24 hours according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:18-1:22 so that the lime milk is fully contacted with the camptotheca acuminate;
step (2), uniformly mixing mushroom fungus bag residues, pretreated camptotheca acuminata and bean cakes according to a ratio, adding water for wetting, and controlling the water content to be 55-65%;
step (3), stacking the materials in 5 layers to prepare a fermentation stack, uniformly scattering fermentation bacteria agents on each layer after the materials are stacked, shading and sealing the fermentation stack, fermenting for 20 to 30 days, turning the stack for 1 time every 4 days, and turning the stack to be in the original shape;
step (4), carrying out secondary fermentation for 16-20 days without turning over during the fermentation process;
and (5) air-drying the fermented and decomposed materials, naturally evaporating to ensure that the water content of the fermented and decomposed materials is not more than 15% so as to facilitate granulation and granulation, and thus obtaining the insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer.
In order to facilitate subsequent fertilization, as a further preferable technical scheme of the preparation method of the insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer, the preparation method further comprises the step of granulating the material obtained in the step (5) to obtain the insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer.
In the step (2), the ratio of the camptotheca acuminate to the lime milk is preferably 1: 20.
The concentration of the lime milk is 10-15%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer saves resources, is beneficial to environmental protection, can kill underground insects and improve the quality of tea, and is specifically represented as follows:
the mushroom bag dregs mainly comprise tea tree byproducts and securinega suffruticosa main raw materials, are soaked by lime milk to inhibit harmful flora, and are supplemented with sawdust and wheat bran, and are mainly used for producing mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms. The mushroom bag residues and mushroom bran contain carbon, nitrogen and various trace elements which are not fully utilized by the edible mushrooms, and crude proteins and various metabolites and the like generated by the residual mycelia and hyphae in the growth process. The securinega suffruticosa is tender leaf or root of plant of Albizia of Euphorbiaceae, and its main ingredient securinine can kill harmful flora; camptotheca acuminata is a plant of Camptotheca of Symplocoaceae, and has anticancer, heat clearing away, and parasite killing effects. Considering that the two Chinese medicinal materials have huge dosage which can reach millions of tons every year, only trace components (within 1 percent) are extracted in the extraction process, most of the trace components are used as waste residues, the waste residues contain a large amount of active components such as humic acid, amino acid, trace elements, vitamins and the like besides alkaloid, the natural insecticidal and growth-promoting effects are achieved, and the active components directly used as fertilizers cause insufficient decomposition, generate a large amount of pathogenic bacteria by natural decomposition and pollute soil.
The mixed materials of mushroom fungus bag residues, camptotheca acuminata, bean cakes and the like are easy to decompose under the action of efficient microbial decomposition bacteria, and a large amount of acidic substances such as humic acid and the like, polyphenol and the like are generated, so that the pH value of soil is reduced to pH5.0-6.5, and firstly, the habitat of underground pests can be worsened, and the occurrence and development of the underground pests are not facilitated; secondly, the formed acidic substances such as humic acid can free alkaloid in the favorite tree residues, the alkaloid is easy to dissolve in water and has acidity, and the alkaloid is easy to permeate into the body of the underground pests, thereby achieving the purpose of effectively inhibiting and killing the underground pests.
In addition, the mixed materials of mushroom fungus bag residues, camptotheca acuminata, bean cakes and the like are easily converted into a large amount of organic matters under the action of efficient microbial decay bacteria, the granular structure of soil can be improved, beneficial microorganisms in the soil can grow and reproduce, the effect of 'mutual growth and mutual inhibition' on soil pests is achieved, and 'harmonious soil ecology' is more favorably constructed. The soil conditioner can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase the content of organic matters in the soil, promote the formation and conversion of humus and granular groups of the soil, improve the water retention performance and the soil fertility of the soil, promote the anti-corrosion capability of crops and increase the yield, and simultaneously can reduce the problems of soil hardening, acidification and the like caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
An organic fertilizer for expelling parasites and promoting growth of tea trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of mushroom bag residues, 170 parts of camptotheca acuminate, 50 parts of zymophyte and 230 parts of bean cakes; wherein the securinega suffruticosa is waste residue obtained by reflux extraction of the upper part of the securinega suffruticosa for 1.5 hours by 70% ethanol; the camptotheca acuminate is waste residue obtained by reflux extracting camptotheca acuminate leaves and fruits for 2 hours by 60% ethanol; the zymophyte agent is EM microbial agent (ferment gold II type liquid EM zymophyte agent)
The preparation method of the insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
tedding tea tree byproducts and securinega suffruticosa, drying, crushing, adding wood dust and wheat bran, wetting with lime milk, mixing, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, and harvesting after mushroom caps are mature; wherein the mass ratio of the tea tree byproduct, the securinega suffruticosa slag, the wood dust and the wheat bran is 2:1.5:1: 1.5;
step (2), removing the outer plastic film of the collected mushroom fungus bags, mashing, separating, tedding and drying;
crushing the camptotheca acuminate, and soaking and pretreating the camptotheca acuminate and the lime milk for 24 hours according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:20 to ensure that the lime milk is fully contacted with the camptotheca acuminate;
step (4), uniformly mixing mushroom fungus bag residues, pretreated camptotheca acuminata and bean cakes according to a ratio, adding water for wetting, and controlling the water content to be 55-65%;
step (3), stacking the materials in 5 layers, wherein the heights of all layers are the same, and preparing a fermentation stack pile; uniformly spreading a fermentation microbial inoculum after stacking materials on each layer, shading and sealing, naturally fermenting for 25 days, turning over for 1 time every 4 days, and turning over and stacking into an original shape;
step (4), carrying out secondary fermentation for 18 days without turning over during the fermentation process;
and (5) air-drying the fermented and decomposed materials, reducing the volume of the air-dried materials to 2/3, and granulating the materials until the water content of the materials is 10%.
Example 2
An organic fertilizer for expelling parasites and promoting growth of tea trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 260 parts of mushroom bag residues (same as example 1), 130 parts of camptotheca acuminata (same as example 1), 45 parts of zymophyte (same as example 1) and 280 parts of bean cakes (same as example 1).
Example 3
An organic fertilizer for expelling parasites and promoting growth of tea trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 220 parts of mushroom bag residues (same as example 1), 150 parts of camptotheca acuminata (same as example 1), 47 parts of zymophyte (same as example 1) and 260 parts of bean cakes (same as example 1).
Comparative example 1
670 parts of mushroom bag residues (same as example 1) and 45 parts of fermentation bacteria (same as example 1) are used as raw materials, and the tea tree organic fertilizer is prepared according to the preparation method of example 1.
Comparative example 2
670 parts of camptotheca acuminata (same as example 1) and 45 parts of zymophyte (same as example 1) are used as raw materials, and the tea tree organic fertilizer is prepared according to the preparation method of example 1.
Comparative example 3
670 parts of bean cakes (same as example 1) and 45 parts of zymophyte (same as example 1) are used as raw materials, and the tea tree organic fertilizer is prepared according to the preparation method of example 1.
Comparative example 4
The tea tree organic fertilizer is prepared by taking 260 parts of mushroom bag residues (same as example 1), 280 parts of bean cakes (same as example 1) and 45 parts of fermentation inoculant (same as example 1) as raw materials according to the preparation method of example 1.
Comparative example 5
The tea tree organic fertilizer is prepared by taking 150 parts of mushroom bag residues (same as example 1), 200 parts of camptotheca acuminata (same as example 1), 180 parts of bean cakes (same as example 1) and 45 parts of zymophyte (same as example 1) as raw materials according to the preparation method of example 1.
The organic fertilizer for killing soil insects and the influence on the quality of tea trees is illustrated by the following experiments:
materials and methods
1. Materials: tea tree organic fertilizer prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 and comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; application amount: 4000kg ha-1·y-12/3 and 1/3 were applied 10 months before and 2 months after the year, respectively, and fertilization was carried out by deep ploughing for 20 cm.
2. Killing effect on underground pests
Before the tea tree is fertilized and tea buds begin to sprout, the number of underground pests (grub and cutworm) in surface soil (0-20cm) is investigated.
2. Influence of different fertilizer ratios on tea growth quality
3.1 shoot length: selecting 25 young shoots, and observing and recording before picking tea.
3.2 leaf area: selecting 30 well-grown young shoots, counting the 2 nd true leaves from the base parts of the young shoots upwards, respectively measuring the length and the width of the 2 nd true leaves, and calculating the leaf area by adopting a 0.7 coefficient method.
3.3 mass percent of buds: 100 shoots and leaves were picked randomly and weighed 3 times to calculate the average.
II, test results:
TABLE 1 Effect characteristics of different treatment groups on soil pest extermination and tea quality
Note: before fertilization, the fertilizer is applied for the first time.
The results show that the tea tree organic fertilizer prepared in the examples 1, 2 and 3 has significant difference on the action characteristics of killing soil insects and improving the quality of tea leaves, no matter the effect of the tea tree organic fertilizer is independent of three substances of mushroom bag residues, camptotheca acuminata and bean cakes, or the effect of the tea tree organic fertilizer is independent of two compositions of the mushroom bag residues, the camptotheca acuminata and the bean cakes; compared with the different proportions of the mushroom fungus bag residues, the camptotheca acuminata and the bean cakes, the three substances have significant differences.
The results show that only in the range of the proportion of the composition determined by the invention, the prepared organic fertilizer has the effects of synergistically killing soil pests in the growth process of tea trees and improving the quality of the tea trees.
Claims (4)
1. An insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight:
300 parts of mushroom bag residues, 200 parts of camptotheca acuminata, 30-60 parts of fermentation bacteria agent and 300 parts of bean cakes; wherein, the main raw materials of the mushroom bag dregs are tea tree byproducts and securinega suffruticosa, and the mass ratio of the tea tree byproducts to the securinega suffruticosa dregs is 1-3: 1-2;
the mushroom fungus bag residues are prepared by the following method, and the method comprises the following steps:
tedding tea tree byproducts and securinega suffruticosa, drying, crushing, adding wood dust and wheat bran, wetting with lime milk, mixing, bagging, sterilizing, inoculating, and harvesting after mushroom caps are mature; the mass ratio of the tea tree byproduct, the securinega suffruticosa slag, the wood dust and the wheat bran is 2:1.5:1: 1.5;
step (2), removing the outer plastic film of the collected mushroom fungus bags, mashing, separating, tedding and drying;
the securinega suffruticosa is waste residue obtained by reflux extraction of the upper part of the securinega suffruticosa for 1.5 hours by 70% ethanol;
the camptotheca acuminate is waste residue obtained by reflux extracting camptotheca acuminate leaves and fruits for 2 hours by 60% ethanol;
the insect-expelling and growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method, and comprises the following steps:
step (1), soaking and pretreating camptotheca acuminate and lime milk for 20-24 hours according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1:18-1: 22;
step (2), uniformly mixing mushroom fungus bag residues, pretreated camptotheca acuminata and bean cakes according to a ratio, adding water for wetting, and controlling the water content to be 55-65%;
stacking the materials in 5 layers to prepare a fermentation stack, uniformly scattering fermentation bacteria on each layer of stacked materials, shading and sealing, fermenting for 20-30 days, and turning the stack for 1 time every 4 days; the fermentation microbial inoculum is an EM microbial inoculum;
step (4), carrying out secondary fermentation for 16-20 days without turning over during the fermentation process;
and (5) air-drying the fermented and decomposed materials, wherein the water content of the air-dried materials is not more than 15%.
2. The insect-repelling growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
180-260 parts of mushroom fungus bag residues, 170 parts of camptotheca acuminata, 40-50 parts of fermentation bacteria agent and 280 parts of bean cakes.
3. The insect-repelling growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the material-liquid ratio of the camptotheca acuminata to the lime milk is 1: 20.
4. The insect-repelling growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the material obtained in the step (5) is granulated to obtain the insect-repelling growth-promoting tea tree organic fertilizer.
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| CN101709011A (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2010-05-19 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for root-promoting type jujube trees and preparation method thereof |
| CN102351613A (en) * | 2011-07-10 | 2012-02-15 | 南京农业大学 | Organic fertilizer for controlling soil salinization of coastal saline soil and killing underground insects and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1785938A (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2006-06-14 | 阎成谦 | Plant composite insecticidal fertilizer and its production technology |
| CN106962162A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-21 | 广西大学 | A kind of implantation methods of dendrobium candidum |
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| CN101709011A (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2010-05-19 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for root-promoting type jujube trees and preparation method thereof |
| CN102351613A (en) * | 2011-07-10 | 2012-02-15 | 南京农业大学 | Organic fertilizer for controlling soil salinization of coastal saline soil and killing underground insects and preparation method thereof |
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