CN111153727A - Special organic fertilizer for watermelons and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a special organic fertilizer for watermelons and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method of the special organic fertilizer for watermelons comprises the following steps of (1) collecting raw materials such as roots, stems, leaves and pod skins of various soybean varieties, mixing the raw materials, and coarsely crushing the raw materials by a cutting machine; (2) spraying urea with the concentration of 1%, and fully wetting the crushed raw materials; (3) and (3) placing the crushed and wetted raw material piles in a cement pool or a cement field, covering and sealing the raw material piles with a plastic film, and fermenting. The organic fertilizer prepared by the invention can effectively meet the balance requirements of watermelons on various available nutrients in the whole growth and development stage, particularly on phosphorus, potassium elements, amino acids and trace elements, can promote robust and balanced growth of plants and improve fruit setting rate under the condition of sufficient application amount, and particularly can obviously improve the taste and quality of watermelon pulp.

Description

Special organic fertilizer for watermelons and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special organic fertilizer for watermelons, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The watermelon is an important economic crop in China, the annual cultivation area is more than 2500 ten thousand mu, and the cultivation and production of the watermelon becomes an efficient horticultural crop which is off-poverty and rich for farmers in many areas in China.

In the past ten years, the facility cultivation technology is applied to watermelon production, so that the growing season of the watermelon is shortened, the supply period is greatly prolonged, but the facility cultivation of the watermelon obviously increases the production cost, the annual upbearing cost of land (excluding greenhouse films) reaches 3000 yuan/mu, and on the premise of no sale price guarantee, a watermelon farmer can only pursue high yield on the spot. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the cost and pursue high yield, the watermelon farmers basically do not apply organic fertilizers in the production process, but apply a large amount of fertilizers singly, so that the quality of watermelon products in China is reduced year by year, and meanwhile, the salinization degree of the soil in the greenhouse is increased year by year, the soil aggregate structure and ecological balance are seriously damaged, and great threat is formed to the sustainable development of watermelon production.

With the continuous improvement of the living standard of residents, the agricultural product consumption market in China is met with a reverse chance, more and more consumers begin to pursue the full food to pursue the good food, more pay attention to the inherent quality of the food, and the melon growers are forced to pursue the yield blindly to pursue the quality. But the method really improves the internal quality of watermelon products in China, fundamentally abandons the defect of excessive application of chemical fertilizers in watermelon production in China, and has the most effective measure of increasing the application of organic fertilizers on the basis of selecting and applying new varieties of high-quality and high-yield watermelons.

Therefore, research and development of a new organic fertilizer are required.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a special organic fertilizer for watermelons, which comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting the raw materials of various soybean varieties such as roots, stems, leaves and pod peels, mixing, and coarsely crushing by using a cutting machine;

(2) spraying urea with the concentration of 1%, and fully wetting the crushed raw materials;

(3) and (3) placing the crushed and wetted raw material piles in a cement pool or a cement field, covering and sealing the raw material piles with a plastic film, and fermenting.

Wherein, the fermentation time in the step (3) is as follows: fermenting for 60-70 days at normal temperature in 11 months to 2 months of the next year, and fermenting for 30-40 days at normal temperature in 6-7 months.

The invention also provides a special watermelon organic fertilizer which is prepared by the preparation method.

The invention also provides application of the special watermelon organic fertilizer, which can be used for planting watermelons, and the specific planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) one month before the watermelon seedlings are planted, the piled fermented soybean plant organic fertilizer is intensively scattered on the surface of the field planting ridge within 1 meter according to the dosage of 1500 and 2500 kilograms per mu;

(2) deeply digging the soybean organic fertilizer into the soil by using a rotary cultivator, and fully and uniformly mixing;

(3) according to the length of the whole field and the application position of the organic fertilizer, the field is made into high ridges with the width of 330 plus 360 centimeters, the ridge height is 15-20 centimeters, and the width of the groove between two ridges is 25-30 centimeters;

(4) paving a mulching film with the width of 1 meter on one side of each ridge surface close to the ditch, and digging planting holes at the distance of 22-35 cm from the soybean organic fertilizer by 15-20 cm;

(5) transplanting the watermelon seedlings into the planting holes, firstly covering half holes with fine soil, then pouring 450 milliliters of rooting water for each hole, and then covering a layer of dry soil for seedling culture to achieve the effects of water retention and heat preservation and accelerate the survival of the seedlings;

(6) and after the seedlings survive to the flowering and fruit setting period of the plants, only 2-3 times of clear water is required for drip irrigation, and no additional fertilizer is required to be applied.

The invention provides a special organic fertilizer for watermelons, which is prepared by selecting natural raw materials capable of continuously and evenly providing various available nutrients according to the rule of the requirements of watermelons on various available nutrients (particularly trace elements and mineral substances) in the whole growth and development stage, and performing the steps of crushing, soaking, stacking, sealing, fermenting and the like. The prepared organic fertilizer can effectively meet the balance requirements of watermelons on various available nutrients in the whole growth and development stage, particularly on phosphorus, potassium elements, amino acids and trace elements, can promote robust and balanced growth of plants and improve fruit setting rate under the condition of sufficient application amount, and particularly can remarkably improve the taste and quality of watermelon pulp.

Specifically, the invention has the following advantages and characteristics:

● the organic fertilizer special for watermelon is made of soybean plant as raw material, belonging to pure natural full-nutrition green organic fertilizer. The watermelon plant nutrient solution is characterized by comprising nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 5%, the watermelon plant nutrient solution is rich in various trace elements, mineral substances and the like, the nutrient composition is rich, the requirements of the watermelon plant on various nutrients in the whole vine extending growth period (early fruit setting period) can be effectively met under the condition of sufficient using amount, the plant growth is robust, the resistance is remarkably enhanced, and various diseases are not generated or are slightly generated.

● the organic fertilizer developed by the invention has an organic matter content of more than 90%, and the concrete parameters are shown in the following table 1, which can effectively improve the granular structure of the soil and promote the release of various nutrients in the soil. The organic fertilizer developed by the invention is an all-natural green organic fertilizer which is prepared by fully utilizing wastes such as root, stem, leaf, pod shell and the like of soybean crops through rough processing and full fermentation treatment, does not contain harmful bacteria such as bacillus subtilis, ascarid eggs and the like, not only solves the pollution problem of crop wastes, but also realizes returning of the crop wastes to the field and efficient recycling.

Table 1 the organic fertilizer parameters of the invention are as follows:

drawings

FIG. 1: 'Qingsu Wuhao' soybean organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

FIG. 2: 'Huning 95-1' soybean organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

FIG. 3: 'Qingsu No. seven' soybean organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

FIG. 4: 'Tongmao Liuhao' soybean organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments and methods of the present invention is provided by way of example with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4. The vegetable soybean varieties 'Qingsu No. five', 'Huning 95-1', 'Qingsu No. seven' and 'Tonggou No. six', and the watermelon varieties 'saint girl Red No. 3', 'Black jin', 'disease-resistant 948' and 'Shenkang 988' are all from Shanghai city agricultural academy of sciences.

The first embodiment is as follows: preparation of organic fertilizer 'Qingsu Wu' and application of organic fertilizer in 'shengyihong No. 3' watermelon autumn postpone cultivation

The first step is as follows: collecting the rest root, stem, leaf, empty and shriveled pod and other raw materials in the field in 6-7 months of 2018 after harvesting the green pod for the vegetable of 'green crisp five' sowed in spring, coarsely crushing the raw materials by a cutting machine, and fully mixing the raw materials;

the second step is that: spraying 1% urea aqueous solution to thoroughly wet the pulverized raw materials;

the third step: piling the crushed raw materials in a cement pool or a cement field, covering and sealing the raw materials by using a plastic film, and piling and fermenting the raw materials for 30 to 35 days at normal temperature;

the fourth step: the piled fermented green crisp No. five soybean organic fertilizer is intensively scattered on the range of 1 meter of watermelon planting ridges of 'cherry tomato Red No. 3' according to the use amount of 1500 kilograms per mu from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months;

the fifth step: deeply turning and finely raking the green and crisp No. five soybean organic fertilizer into soil by using a rotary cultivator;

and a sixth step: according to the length of the whole greenhouse and the application position of the organic fertilizer, making the greenhouse soil into high ridges with the width of 330 plus 340 centimeters, the ridge height of 15-16 centimeters and the width of the ditch between two ridges of 25-27 centimeters;

the seventh step: and paving a mulching film with the width of 1 meter on one side of each ridge surface close to the ditch, and digging fixed planting holes by using a small shovel blade, wherein the distance between every two holes is 22-25 cm and the distance between every two holes and an organic fertilizer is 15-16 cm.

Eighth step: transplanting the watermelon seedlings of 'cherry tomato 3' into the planting holes, firstly covering half holes with fine soil, then pouring 350 ml of rooting water into each hole, and then covering a layer of dry soil for seedling culture to keep water and accelerate the survival of the seedlings.

The ninth step: after the seedlings survive, clear water is dripped once every 3 to 4 days in the early stage of flowering and fruit setting of the 'cherry tomato No. 3' plants, and no chemical fertilizer is required to be additionally applied.

The quality and yield of the picked watermelon are shown in the following table 2:

TABLE 2 watermelon of "cherry tomato Red No. 3" produced by the organic fertilizer of this example 1 and the quality and yield of the watermelon

Example two: preparation of Huanning 95-1 ' organic fertilizer and application thereof in autumn delay cultivation of ' Heijin ' watermelons

The first step is as follows: collecting the rest root, stem, leaf, empty and shriveled pod in the field after harvesting the soybean green pod for the Huanning 95-1' vegetable planted in spring in 2018 months, coarsely crushing the raw materials by a cutting machine, and fully mixing;

the second step is that: spraying urea with the concentration of 1% to fully wet the crushed raw materials;

the third step: piling the crushed raw materials in a cement pool or a cement field, covering and sealing the raw materials by using a plastic film, and piling and fermenting the raw materials for 35 to 40 days at normal temperature;

the fourth step: the fermented Huanning 95-1 soybean organic fertilizer is piled up and scattered on the planting ridges of the black watermelon within 1 meter according to the dosage of 1800 kg/mu from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months;

the fifth step: deeply ploughing and finely raking the 'Huning 95-1' soybean organic fertilizer into soil by using a rotary cultivator;

and a sixth step: according to the length of the whole greenhouse and the application position of the organic fertilizer, making the greenhouse soil into high ridges with the width of 340 plus 350 centimeters, the ridge height of 16-17 centimeters and the groove width between two ridges of 25-26 centimeters;

the seventh step: and paving a mulching film with the width of 1 meter on one side of each ridge surface close to the ditch, and digging fixed planting holes by using a small shovel blade, wherein the distance between every two holes is 22-24 cm and the distance between every two holes and an organic fertilizer is 16-17 cm.

Eighth step: transplanting the 'Heijin' watermelon seedlings into the planting holes, firstly covering half holes with fine soil, then pouring 350-450 ml of rooting water into each hole, and then covering a layer of dry soil for seedling culture so as to keep water and accelerate the survival of the seedlings.

The ninth step: after the seedlings survive, in the early stage of flowering and fruit setting of the 'Heijian' plants, clear water is dripped once every 3-4 days without applying any chemical fertilizer additionally.

The quality and yield of the picked watermelon are shown in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3 quality and yield of 'Heijin' watermelon produced by using the organic fertilizer of this example

Example three: preparation of 'Qingsu No. seven' organic fertilizer and application thereof in 'disease-resistant 948' watermelon cultivation

The first step is as follows: collecting the residual roots, stems, leaves, empty and shriveled pods and other raw materials in the field after sowing the green and crisp seven-vegetable soybean pods in summer and autumn in 10-11 months every year, roughly crushing the raw materials by a cutting machine, and fully mixing the raw materials;

the second step is that: spraying urea with the concentration of 1% to fully wet the crushed raw materials;

the third step: piling the crushed raw materials in a cement pool or a cement field, covering and sealing the raw materials by using a plastic film, and piling and fermenting the raw materials for 60 to 70 days at normal temperature;

the fourth step: the piled fermented green crisp seven-size soybean organic fertilizer is intensively scattered on the disease-resistant 948 watermelon planting ridges within 1 meter according to the use amount of 2200 kg/mu from the bottom of 1 month to the beginning of 2 months;

the fifth step: deeply turning and finely raking the green and crisp No. seven soybean organic fertilizer into soil by using a rotary cultivator;

and a sixth step: according to the length of the whole greenhouse and the application position of the organic fertilizer, making the greenhouse soil into high ridges with the width of 350-360 cm, the ridge height of 17-18 cm and the width of the groove between two ridges of 26-28 cm;

the seventh step: and paving a mulching film with the width of 1 meter on one side of each ridge surface close to the ditch, and digging fixed planting holes by using a small shovel blade, wherein the distance between every two holes is 33-35 cm and the distance between every two holes and an organic fertilizer is 17-18 cm.

Eighth step: transplanting 'disease-resistant 948' watermelon seedlings into planting holes, covering half holes with fine soil, pouring 400 plus 450 ml of rooting water into each hole, and covering a layer of dry soil for seedling culture to keep water and accelerate the survival of the seedlings.

The ninth step: after the seedlings survive, clear water is dripped once every 3 to 4 days in the early stage of flowering and fruit setting of disease-resistant 948 plants, and no chemical fertilizer is additionally applied.

The quality and yield of the picked watermelon are shown in Table 4 below:

TABLE 4 quality and yield performance of 'disease-resistant 948' watermelon produced by using the organic fertilizer of the present invention

Example four: preparation of 'Tongdouliu' organic fertilizer and application thereof in 'Shenkang 988' watermelon cultivation

The first step is as follows: collecting the residual roots, stems, leaves, empty and shriveled pods and other raw materials in the field after the soybean green pods for the vegetables 'Tongdou No. six' are sowed in summer and autumn in 10-11 months every year, roughly crushing the raw materials by a cutting machine, and fully mixing the raw materials;

the second step is that: spraying urea with the concentration of 1% to fully wet the crushed raw materials;

the third step: piling the crushed raw materials in a cement pool or a cement field, covering and sealing the raw materials by using a plastic film, and piling and fermenting the raw materials for 60 to 70 days at normal temperature;

the fourth step: the piled fermented soybean organic fertilizer with the 'Tonggouliu' is intensively scattered on the planting ridges of the 'Shenkang 988' watermelons within 1 meter according to the dosage of 2500 kilograms per mu from the bottom of 1 month to the beginning of 2 months;

the fifth step: deeply turning and finely raking the soybean organic fertilizer 'Tongdou Liuhao' into soil by using a rotary cultivator;

and a sixth step: according to the length of the whole greenhouse and the application position of the organic fertilizer, making the greenhouse soil into high ridges with the width of 350-360 cm, the ridge height of 19-20 cm and the groove width between two ridges of 28-30 cm;

the seventh step: and paving a mulching film with the width of 1 meter on one side of each ridge surface close to the ditch, and digging fixed planting holes by using a small shovel blade, wherein the distance between every two holes is 33-35 cm and the distance between every two holes and an organic fertilizer is 19-20 cm.

Eighth step: transplanting 'Shenkang 988' watermelon seedlings into planting holes, covering half holes with fine soil, pouring 400-450 ml of rooting water into each hole, and covering a layer of dry soil for seedling culture to keep water and accelerate the survival of the seedlings.

The ninth step: after the seedlings survive, in the early stage of flowering and fruit setting of the Shenkang 988 plants, clear water is dripped every 3-4 days without applying any chemical fertilizer additionally.

The quality and yield of the picked watermelon are shown in the following table 5:

TABLE 5 quality and yield performance of 'Shenkang 988' watermelon produced by using the organic fertilizer of the present invention

Claims (4)

1. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer special for watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) collecting the raw materials of various soybean varieties such as roots, stems, leaves and pod peels, mixing, and coarsely crushing by using a cutting machine;

(2) spraying urea with the concentration of 1%, and fully wetting the crushed raw materials;

(3) and (3) placing the crushed and wetted raw material piles in a cement pool or a cement field, covering and sealing the raw material piles with a plastic film, and fermenting.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation time in step (3) is: fermenting for 60-70 days at normal temperature in 11 months to 2 months of the next year, and fermenting for 30-40 days at normal temperature in 6-7 months.

3. The special watermelon organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 or 2.

4. The application of the special organic fertilizer for the watermelons as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, which can be used for planting the watermelons, wherein the specific planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) one month before the watermelon seedlings are planted, the piled fermented soybean plant organic fertilizer is intensively scattered on the surface of the field planting ridge within 1 meter according to the dosage of 1500 and 2500 kilograms per mu;

(2) deeply digging the soybean organic fertilizer into the soil by using a rotary cultivator, and fully and uniformly mixing;

(3) according to the length of the whole field and the application position of the organic fertilizer, the field is made into high ridges with the width of 330 plus 360 centimeters, the ridge height is 15-20 centimeters, and the width of the groove between two ridges is 25-30 centimeters;

(4) paving a mulching film with the width of 1 meter on one side of each ridge surface close to the ditch, and digging planting holes at the distance of 22-35 cm from the soybean organic fertilizer by 15-20 cm;

(5) transplanting the watermelon seedlings into the planting holes, firstly covering half holes with fine soil, then pouring 450 milliliters of rooting water for each hole, and then covering a layer of dry soil for seedling culture to achieve the effects of water retention and heat preservation and accelerate the survival of the seedlings;

(6) and after the seedlings survive to the flowering and fruit setting period of the plants, only 2-3 times of clear water is required for drip irrigation, and no additional fertilizer is required to be applied.

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