CN111226725A - Cultivation method for green prevention, control, high-efficiency and cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense - Google Patents
Cultivation method for green prevention, control, high-efficiency and cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for green prevention, control and efficient cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense, which utilizes a microbial agent to mix soil and apply roots, utilizes the microbial agent to prevent and control soil-borne diseases, adopts a method for controlling bacteria by bacteria, and inhibits harmful microorganisms causing loss to bupleurum chinense by beneficial microorganisms, thereby ensuring the normal growth of bupleurum chinense, and solves the problems of overhigh artificial weeding cost, serious root rot, large pesticide damage and low yield in the production process of bupleurum chinense by high bed cultivation and organic matters after seedling covering and rotting, thereby reducing the production cost, increasing the yield and improving the pesticide effect; compared with the traditional planting method, the incidence rate of root rot is reduced, the insect pest at roots is reduced, the yield of first-class medicinal materials is improved, manual weeding is reduced, and the labor cost per mu is saved by 200 yuan/mu.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for green prevention and control efficient cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense.
Background
Bupleurum falcatum Linne of Umbelliferae is harvested in two years, and its medicinal part is the rhizome of Bupleurum falcatum Linne. The bupleurum chinense grows in a shady slope or a semi-shady slope with the elevation of 300-1000 meters, and the bupleurum chinense is mostly wild in a sunny slope forest, has severe cold resistance, drought resistance and strong stress resistance, and is not suitable for planting in low-lying and waterlogging-prone areas.
The following problems mainly exist in the prior northern bupleurum planting: 1. the planting mode is old, most of pesticide farmers still adopt the traditional flat land for planting, and the plants are usually dead or the land blocks are harvested absolutely due to large-area waterlogging in northern rainy seasons; 2. the planting technology falls behind, most people still use chemical fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators at present, the ash content of bupleurum chinense exceeds the standard easily, and the content of saikoside of bupleurum chinense is unstable, so that the economy of pesticide farmers is not high; 3. the labor investment is large in the early period, since bupleurum chinense is generally grown for 2 years, and death will occur in succession in the third year. But both years require a great deal of manual weed control. At present, no special herbicide exists, and the use of the herbicide in traditional Chinese medicines is forbidden in China. Only manual weeding is available, and the cost is extremely high; 4. the root rot is the most important factor of bupleurum chinense, and particularly, the root rot has great influence on the root tuber yield and the seed yield. How to adopt the ecological plant protection technology to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests is particularly important.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method for green prevention, control and efficient cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense, which utilizes organic matters obtained by mixing a microbial agent with soil and root application, high-bed cultivation and covering and decomposing after seedlings, and solves the problems of overhigh artificial weeding cost, serious root rot, large pesticide harm and low yield in the production process of bupleurum chinense, thereby reducing the production cost, increasing the yield and improving the pesticide effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for green prevention, control, high-efficiency and cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing: deeply ploughing the land in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the depth is more than 35cm, 3800kg of organic fertilizer 3200-plus-one fertilizer is applied per mu, then carrying out rotary tillage, and applying the microbial agent in soil at the temperature of 8-12 ℃ by using a fertilizing and ridging integrated machine, wherein the ridging height is 28-32cm, the ridging width is 1.3-1.7m, and the ridge spacing is 38-42 cm;
(2) sowing bupleurum chinense seeds in the ditch in late 4 th or early 5 th month by adopting a drilling mode, and covering soil for 0.8-1.2 cm;
(3) thinning, supplementing and weeding after the seedling emergence of bupleurum chinense, and laying fermented crushed straws or fermented waste mushroom materials by 4-6 cm;
(4) applying microbial agent to root at 6-8 months per year, and removing bud when Bupleurum scorzonerifolium bud;
(5) and (3) pouring frozen water in autumn, then laying fermented organic fertilizer and fermented crushed straw or fermented waste mushroom material, and digging in the 2 nd year, wherein the harvesting time is 10 late months.
Further, the microbial agent in the steps (1) and (4) is a mixed bacterium of bacillus subtilis and paecilomyces lilacinus.
Furthermore, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 9.8 to 10.2 hundred million/gram, and the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 3.8 to 4.2 hundred million/gram.
Furthermore, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, and the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 4 hundred million/g.
Furthermore, the application amount of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus is 1.8-2.2 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the application amount of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus is 2 kg/mu.
The invention adopts the microbial agent to mix with soil, apply roots and the like, uses the microbial agent to prevent and treat soil-borne diseases, adopts a method of bacteria treatment, and inhibits harmful microorganisms causing loss to bupleurum chinense through beneficial microorganisms, thereby ensuring the normal growth of bupleurum chinense and improving the effective components of bupleurum chinense.
Through a large number of experiments, the inventor discovers that the microbial agent can effectively control the plant diseases and insect pests of the roots of bupleurum chinense.
Further, the row spacing of the seeding in the step (2) is 18-22cm, and the depth of the ditch is 0.8-1.2 cm.
Furthermore, the sowing is carried out in time after the rotary tillage is carried out according to the rainy season condition at the beginning of 7 months without irrigation condition.
Further, the length of the crushed straws in the steps (3) and (5) is less than 3 cm.
Furthermore, the straw is corn straw or wheat straw.
The method for covering the ridge surface by adopting completely decomposed organic wastes such as broken straws, waste mushroom materials and the like has the following advantages: firstly, the completely decomposed organic matter is adopted to cover the bupleurum chinense field, so that the source of plant diseases and insect pests of the bupleurum chinense field cannot be increased, and on the contrary, the effect of inhibiting the generation of partial plant diseases and insect pests can be achieved; secondly, the weeding composition has a good biological weeding function, most of grass seeds can be killed by completely weeding for the first time in the first year and a small part of grass seeds can be removed in the daily management and protection of bupleurum chinense, so that the labor is greatly reduced, and the weeding composition has the advantages of no chemical pollution and one-time multiple use compared with a film and the like; thirdly, the fertilizer has the functions of dehumidification and moisture absorption, and can greatly avoid the problems of plant damage caused by rainwater washing of bupleurum chinense, splashing of soil germs to leaves, root soaking and the like in rainy season; fourthly, the heat preservation effect is good, the heat preservation layer is better formed on the soil surface by paving the biological organic matters, and the accumulation of root nutrients and effective components is increased; fifthly, soil organic matters are increased, the effect of the soil organic matters is similar to that of organic fertilizers and different from that of the organic fertilizers, the biomass coverage is adopted, the organic matters of the biomass can be separated out and gradually permeate into a soil layer in an open environment, the contents of various trace elements and the like in the soil are increased, and the quality and the yield of bupleurum chinense are improved; sixthly, the microbial agent is used in a matching way, so that a good place and food are provided for the propagation of beneficial microorganisms (bacillus subtilis).
Further, the waste mushroom material in the steps (3) and (5) is straw rotting mushroom or wood rotting mushroom.
Further, the waste mushroom material is straw rotting mushroom.
Further, the microbial agent is administered 2-3 times per year in step (4).
Further, the height of the ridge is kept to be 33-37cm after the fermented organic fertilizer and the fermented crushed straws or the fermented waste fungus materials are paved in the step (5).
The inventor finds out through a large number of experiments that the high-ridge cultivation is not only beneficial to the growth of the bupleurum chinense and avoids waterlogging and root rot caused by concentration in rainy seasons in the north, but also beneficial to the management, the protection and the collection of the bupleurum chinense, the growth of root tuber and the accumulation of effective components.
Further, after harvesting in the step (5), deeply ploughing the land by more than 35 cm.
The bupleurum chinense seeds are collected as authentic wild bupleurum chinense and artificially transplanted to obtain self-propagating seeds, and the seeds are guaranteed to be seeds in the current year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method of the invention utilizes the microbial agent to mix soil and apply root, and uses the microbial agent to prevent and cure soil-borne diseases, adopts the method of bacteria control, and inhibits harmful microorganisms causing loss to bupleurum chinense through beneficial microorganisms, thereby ensuring the normal growth of bupleurum chinense, and the organic matter after high-ridge cultivation and after seedling covering and decomposing solves the problems of overhigh artificial weeding cost, serious root rot, large pesticide hazard and low yield in the production process of bupleurum chinense, thereby reducing the production cost, increasing the yield and improving the pesticide effect;
(2) compared with the traditional planting method, the incidence rate of root rot is reduced, the insect pest at roots is reduced, the yield of first-class medicinal materials is improved, manual weeding is reduced, and the labor cost per mu is saved by 200 yuan/mu.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The cultivation method for the green prevention, control, high-efficiency and cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) ploughing: deep ploughing the land in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the depth is more than 35cm, 3200kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu, rotary tillage is performed by using a press wheel, a microbial agent is mixed with soil and applied by using a fertilizing and ridging integrated machine at the temperature of 8 ℃, the microbial agent is a mixed bacterium of bacillus subtilis and paecilomyces lilacinus, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 9.8 hundred million/g, the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 3.8 hundred million/g, the application amounts of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus are 1.8 kg/mu, the ridging height is 28cm, the ridging width is 1.3m, and the ridge spacing is 38 cm;
(2) sowing bupleurum chinense seeds in the ditch in late 4 th ten days by adopting a drilling mode, sowing 2kg of seeds in each mu of land, uniformly sowing the seeds in the ditch, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 18cm, the ditch depth is 0.8cm, covering soil is 0.8cm, compacting, and keeping the soil moist after sowing;
(3) thinning, supplementing seedlings and weeding after the bupleurum chinense seedling emergence, laying fermented crushed straws of 4cm, wherein the crushed straws are corn straws and the length of the crushed straws is less than 3 cm;
(4) applying a microbial agent to roots at 6 months each year, wherein the microbial agent is a mixed bacterium of bacillus subtilis and paecilomyces lilacinus, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 9.8 hundred million/gram, the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 3.8 hundred million/gram, the application amount of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus is 1.8 kg/mu, applying the microbial agent to roots by using a dropper, ensuring the soil humidity to achieve the protective and therapeutic effects of the microbial agent, maintaining the population number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil 2 times per year, preventing and treating soil-borne diseases by using the microbial agent, and removing buds in time by using a top Gege mode when buds of bupleurum chinense appear;
(5) and (3) pouring frozen water in autumn, laying fermented organic fertilizer and fermented crushed straws, keeping the furrow height to be 33cm, wherein the crushed straws are corn straws and the length to be less than 3cm, digging in the 2 nd year, harvesting for 10 th ten days, and after harvesting, deeply turning over the large-sized overturned pears for more than 35cm in the middle.
Example 2
The cultivation method for the green prevention, control, high-efficiency and cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) ploughing: deeply ploughing the land in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the depth is more than 35cm, 3500kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu, rotary tillage is performed by using a press wheel, a fertilizing and ridging integrated machine is used for mixing and applying a microbial agent with soil at the temperature of 10 ℃, the microbial agent is a mixed bacterium of bacillus subtilis and paecilomyces lilacinus, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 4 hundred million/g, the application amount of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus is 2 kg/mu, the ridging height is 30cm, the ridging width is 1.5m, and the ridge spacing is 40 cm;
(2) in the last ten days of 5 months, sowing bupleurum chinense seeds in the ditches in a drilling mode, wherein 2kg of seeds are used per mu, the seeds are uniformly sown in the ditches, the row spacing of sowing is 20cm, the depth of the ditches is 1.0cm, soil is covered for 1cm, and the soil is kept moist after sowing;
(3) thinning, replanting and weeding after the bupleurum chinense seedling emerges, and laying fermented waste mushroom material of 5cm, wherein the waste mushroom material is straw rotting mushroom;
(4) applying a microbial agent to roots at 8 months each year, wherein the microbial agent is a mixed bacterium of bacillus subtilis and paecilomyces lilacinus, the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, the number of viable bacteria of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 4 hundred million/g, the application amount of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus is 2 kg/mu, applying the microbial agent to the roots by using a dropper, ensuring the soil humidity to achieve the protection and treatment effects of the microbial agent, applying the microbial agent to the roots 3 times per year, well maintaining the population number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, using the microbial agent to prevent and treat soil-borne diseases, and removing flower buds in time by using a top Gege mode when the buds of the bupleurum chinense appear;
(5) and (3) irrigating frozen water in autumn, then laying fermented organic fertilizer and fermented waste mushroom material, keeping the furrow height to be 35cm, digging the waste mushroom material by the straw rotting mushroom in the 2 nd year, harvesting for 10 late-month ten days, and deeply turning over the large-scale overturned pear by more than 35cm in the middle of use after harvesting.
Example 3
The cultivation method for the green prevention, control, high-efficiency and cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) ploughing: deep ploughing the land in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the depth is more than 35cm, 3800kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu, rotary tillage is performed by using a press wheel, a fertilizing and ridging integrated machine is used for mixing and applying a microbial agent with soil at the temperature of 12 ℃, the microbial agent is a mixed bacterium of bacillus subtilis and paecilomyces lilacinus, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 10.2 hundred million/g, the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 4.2 hundred million/g, the application amount of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus is 2.2 kg/mu, the ridging height is 32cm, the ridging width is 1.7m, and the ridge interval is 42 cm;
(2) sowing bupleurum chinense seeds in the ditch in the last ten days of 5 months by adopting a drilling mode, sowing 2kg of seeds in each mu of land, uniformly sowing the seeds in the ditch, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 22cm, the ditch depth is 1.2cm, covering soil for 1.2cm for compacting, and keeping the soil moist after sowing;
(3) thinning, replanting and weeding after the bupleurum chinense seedling emerges, and laying fermented waste mushroom material of 5cm, wherein the waste mushroom material is wood rot mushroom;
(4) applying a microbial agent to roots at 8 months each year, wherein the microbial agent is a mixed bacterium of bacillus subtilis and paecilomyces lilacinus, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 10.2 hundred million/gram, the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 4.2 hundred million/gram, the application amount of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus is 2.2 kg/mu, applying the microbial agent to roots by using a dropper, ensuring the soil humidity to achieve the protective and therapeutic effects of the microbial agent, maintaining the population number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil 3 times each year, preventing and treating soil-borne diseases by using the microbial agent, and removing buds in time by using a top Gege mode when buds of bupleurum chinense appear;
(5) and (3) pouring frozen water in autumn, then laying fermented organic fertilizer and fermented waste mushroom material, keeping the furrow height at 37cm, digging wood rotting mushrooms in the 2 nd year, harvesting for 10 late-month ten days, and deeply turning large-scale overturned pears for more than 35cm in use after harvesting.
Comparative example 1
The cultivation method of bupleurum chinense of this comparative example is the same as that of example 2, except that the microbial agent is removed in steps (2) and (4).
Comparative example 2
The cultivation method of bupleurum chinense of the comparative example is the same as that of example 2, except that the steps (3) and (5) are carried out without laying the fermented crushed straws or fermented waste mushroom materials.
The following tests were carried out in Chengde City of Hebei province of 28390, modern agricultural park of Hebei province of Hezhou province of Town town of Hezhou province of Yan province of China and Chinese medicinal material producing area of mountain road of national swallow of China of 28390, and Jingou Tuzhou province of Town village of Town of Hezhou county of Hebei province of China.
Test example 1
Selecting 5 lands with the same soil quality, wherein each land is 1 mu, cultivating bupleurum chinense according to the cultivation methods of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 respectively, harvesting bupleurum chinense after 2 years, calculating the rotting rate (the rotting root quantity/the total harvest quantity multiplied by 100%) of bupleurum chinense, calculating the yield of first-class medicinal materials, and evaluating the first-class medicinal materials according to 2015 th Chinese medicine science and technology publishing agency in the first part of the Chinese pharmacopoeia, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Rotten root rate (%) | First-class medicine yield (%) |
| Example 1 | 0.67 | 65.3 |
| Example 2 | 0.61 | 67.2 |
| Example 3 | 0.72 | 66.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 53.2 | 41.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 54.0 | 40.6 |
From table 1, it can be seen that the application of the microbial inoculum of the invention in soil mixing and root application can cover decomposed organic matters after seedling, the root rot rate of bupleurum chinense can be increased, and the yield of first-class medicinal materials is improved, and the two are not enough.
Test example 2
Similar to the cultivation method of bupleurum chinense in example 2, the types of the microbial agents in the steps (2) and (4) are changed, the microbial agents in the steps (1) and (4) are the same, the content of the obtained active ingredients in the dried bupleurum chinense is researched, and the result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Microbial agent types | Total saponin content (%) |
| Bacillus subtilis and paecilomyces lilacinus mixed bacteria | 0.95 |
| Bacillus subtilis | 0.46 |
| Paecilomyces lilacinus | 0.41 |
| Without adding any microbial inoculum | 0.33 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the total saponin content in bupleuri radix can be increased by using the microbial agent of the invention, and the effective components of bupleuri radix are the highest when the Bacillus subtilis and the Paecilomyces lilacinus are added simultaneously.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for green prevention, control, high-efficiency and cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) ploughing: deeply ploughing the land in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the depth is more than 35cm, 3800kg of organic fertilizer 3200-plus-one fertilizer is applied per mu, then carrying out rotary tillage, and applying the microbial agent in soil at the temperature of 8-12 ℃ by using a fertilizing and ridging integrated machine, wherein the ridging height is 28-32cm, the ridging width is 1.3-1.7m, and the ridge spacing is 38-42 cm;
(2) sowing bupleurum chinense seeds in the ditch in late 4 th or early 5 th month by adopting a drilling mode, and covering soil for 0.8-1.2 cm;
(3) thinning, supplementing and weeding after the seedling emergence of bupleurum chinense, and laying fermented crushed straws or fermented waste mushroom materials by 4-6 cm;
(4) applying microbial agent to root at 6-8 months per year, and removing bud when Bupleurum scorzonerifolium bud;
(5) and (3) pouring frozen water in autumn, then laying fermented organic fertilizer and fermented crushed straw or fermented waste mushroom material, and digging in the 2 nd year, wherein the harvesting time is 10 late months.
2. The cultivation method of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Linn green prevention and control high-efficiency cost-saving production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial inoculum in steps (1) and (4) is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Paecilomyces lilacinus.
3. The cultivation method of north bupleurum root for green prevention and control, high efficiency and cost saving production according to claim 2, wherein the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 9.8-10.2 hundred million/g, the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 3.8-4.2 hundred million/g, preferably, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 10 hundred million/g, and the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 4 hundred million/g.
4. The cultivation method for the green prevention, control, high-efficiency and cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense according to the claim 2 or 3, wherein the application rates of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus are both 1.8-2.2 kg/mu, preferably, the application rates of the bacillus subtilis and the paecilomyces lilacinus are both 2 kg/mu.
5. The cultivation method of bupleurum chinense green prevention and control high-efficiency cost-saving production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the seeding in step (2) is 18-22cm, and the furrow depth is 0.8-1.2 cm.
6. The cultivation method for the green prevention and control efficient cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense DC as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the crushed straws in the steps (3) and (5) is less than 3cm, preferably, the straws are corn straws or wheat straws.
7. The cultivation method for the green prevention and control efficient cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste mushroom material in the steps (3) and (5) is straw rotting mushroom or wood rotting mushroom, preferably, the waste mushroom material is straw rotting mushroom.
8. The cultivation method of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Linn green prevention and control high efficiency cost-saving production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial inoculum in step (4) is applied 2-3 times per year.
9. The cultivation method for the green prevention and control efficient cost-saving production of bupleurum chinense as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the furrow is kept to be 33-37cm after the fermented organic fertilizer and the fermented crushed straw or the fermented waste mushroom material are laid in the step (5).
10. The cultivation method of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Linn green prevention and control high-efficiency cost-saving production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the land is deeply ploughed more than 35cm after harvesting in step (5).
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