CN110574644A - Green planting method for fruit corn - Google Patents
Green planting method for fruit corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN110574644A CN110574644A CN201910883653.1A CN201910883653A CN110574644A CN 110574644 A CN110574644 A CN 110574644A CN 201910883653 A CN201910883653 A CN 201910883653A CN 110574644 A CN110574644 A CN 110574644A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
Abstract
the invention discloses a green planting method of fruit corns, which comprises the following steps: deeply ploughing and preparing the soil before planting, and applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer is at least one of organic compost of fruit and vegetable straw residues or a biological organic fertilizer with the application amount of 500-1000 kg/mu, and is supplemented with an organic water-soluble fertilizer with the application amount of 20-50 kg/mu; sowing: double-row planting is adopted, and the row spacing is 0.8m multiplied by 0.2 m; after the corn fruits grow seedlings, applying inorganic chemical fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu for 3000-3500 plants per mu, and topdressing for 4-5 times; after harvesting, the corn stalks are decomposed in situ in the field and returned to the field. The invention only uses biological pesticide and chemical pesticide in the whole process, mainly uses organic fertilizer for fertilization, follows the nutrient circulation rule of an ecological system, reduces the input of exogenous chemical fertilizer, ensures that the yield of the fruit corn is not reduced greatly, and improves the quality of the fruit corn.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the field of fruit corn planting, and relates to a green planting method of fruit corn.
Background
with the development of social economy in China, the production management level of modern agriculture is gradually improved, and the requirements of people on the quality of agricultural products are remarkably improved. The fruit corn is a fresh corn variety and can meet the demand of people for direct eating like picking fruits. In the traditional planting mode, due to the fact that chemical fertilizers and pesticides are excessively input, the quality of fruits and corns is reduced, the risk of pesticide residues is increased, the market risk is high, and the food safety problem is obvious. In addition, as the fruit corn has high economic value and short growth cycle, and the multiple cropping index of only one year is higher, the acidification and degradation of the fruit corn planting soil, the loss of nutrients and residual pesticides in planting areas along with water and soil are caused by long-term continuous cropping, and if the fruit corn is not improved, the sustainable development of the fruit corn industry is threatened in the past. The green planting method can improve various problems existing in the traditional fruit corn planting process, and can improve the ecological, economic and social benefits of the fruit corn industry to a great extent.
disclosure of Invention
In order to solve various technical problems in the traditional fruit and corn planting process, the invention aims to provide a green fruit and corn planting method which mainly applies organic fertilizers and is matched with a mode of decomposing straws of fruits, vegetables and the like and returning the straws to the field.
in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A green planting method of fruit corn comprises the following steps: deeply ploughing and preparing the soil before planting, and applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer is at least one of organic compost of fruit and vegetable straw residues or bio-organic fertilizer with the application amount of 500-1000 kg/mu, and is supplemented with an organic water-soluble fertilizer with the application amount of 20-50 kg/mu; sowing: double-row planting is adopted, and the row spacing is 0.8m multiplied by 0.2 m; after the corn fruits grow seedlings, leaving 3000-3500 plants per mu, and topdressing 20-30 kg of inorganic chemical fertilizer per mu for 4-5 times; after harvesting, the corn stalks are decomposed in situ in the field and returned to the field.
The application amount of the inorganic chemical fertilizer is not more than 5% of the total fertilizer application amount.
the organic compost of the fruit and vegetable straw residues is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of fruit and vegetable straw residues, 1-5 parts of urea, 1-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, and then adding an EM (effective microorganisms) microbial agent (mainly containing bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes, and the amount of the EM microbial agent is 5-10% of the total weight of the raw materials; turning and fermenting for 15-30 days to prepare organic compost; wherein the fruit and vegetable straw residues are at least one of fruit corn straws, sweet pepper straws, small tomato straws, guava branches and banana leaves. The number of pile-turning times and the number of fermentation days are different according to the environmental conditions: in summer, the temperature of the organic compost reaches 70 ℃, the organic compost is turned over for 2 times and fermented for 15 days to prepare the organic compost; the temperature of the organic compost reaches 60 ℃ in winter, the compost is turned over for 3 times and fermented for 30 days to prepare the organic compost.
The total nutrient N + P in the biological organic fertilizer2O5+K26 to 8 percent of O, more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g of CFU, more than or equal to 20 percent of organic matter, and the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by adding trichoderma or bacillus growth promoting strains into organic fertilizer prepared by taking livestock manure or straws as a source. Specifically, the total nutrient N + P in the biological organic fertilizer2O5+K2o is 6 percent, CFU is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent (the bio-organic fertilizer of Hongbao biological technology limited company in Changzhou city) or total nutrient N + P2O5+K2o is 8%, CFU is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, and organic matter is more than or equal to 20% (Jiangyin City)'Nang sowing king' composite microbial fertilizer of Union Biotechnology Limited).
the organic water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by chelating molasses of a cane sugar factory with medium-amount elements magnesium, trace elements boron and zinc after fermentation of a formulation research of producing gamma-polyglutamic acid by using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GBIF-2 (Shenda spring and the like and application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GBIF-2 liquid, 2018 (6): 23-26) in sugarcane sugar industry, and has main nutritional indexes: the organic matter is more than or equal to 200g/L, and the total amount of the medium trace elements of magnesium, boron and zinc is more than or equal to 80 g/L.
specifically, the organic water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method: inoculating Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GBIF-2 to molasses of a cane sugar factory according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and fermenting at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 28 hours; after fermentation, adding magnesium as a secondary element, boron as a trace element and zinc for chelation at a high temperature of 70 ℃ for 2-3 hours; the main nutritional indexes are as follows: organic matter is more than or equal to 200g/L, the total amount of medium trace elements of magnesium, boron and zinc is more than or equal to 80g/L, wherein magnesium is more than or equal to 50g/L, boron is more than or equal to 15g/L, and zinc is more than or equal to 15 g/L.
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens GBIF-2 is preserved in Guangdong province microorganism strain preservation center in 2018, 11 months and 16 days, and the preservation address is as follows: the microbial research institute of Guangdong province, No. 59 building, No. 5 building, of the institute of Mieli Zhonglu, Guangzhou city, has the following registration numbers of GDMCC NO: 60480.
the molasses in the sugarcane factory is a byproduct in a sugar squeezing process of the sugarcane factory, and comprises a soluble carbon source (namely various sugars in the molasses), a nitrogen source and medium and trace elements, wherein the total sugar content in the sugarcane molasses is generally 45-55%.
The inorganic chemical fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of potassium chloride, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-30 parts of urea and composite medium trace elements: 2 to 4 parts of magnesium, 0.5 to 1 part of zinc and 0.5 to 1 part of boron.
Preferably, the inorganic chemical fertilizer is applied by 5 times, and the nutrient distribution of the additional fertilizer is as follows: 10% of corn seedling stage, 25% of corn jointing stage, 30% of corn large-flare stage, 30% of ear stage and 5% of flowering stage.
The field in-situ decomposition and returning comprises the following steps: 2-5 kg of straw decomposition agent (Nanjing Ning grain bioengineering Co., Ltd.) is sprayed on each mu of corn straw, organic matters and mineral nutrients of the plant source can better improve the soil ecological environment, and the green planting nutrient ecological cycle is realized.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the green planting method of the fruit corns, the green field prevention and control method further comprises pest control and disease control. The insect pests of fruit corn mainly include corn borer and beet armyworm; the diseases of fruit corn are mainly corn northern leaf blight and rust disease.
The pest control mainly adopts physical trapping and biological pesticide (natural enemy or parasitism).
the physical trapping comprises the following steps: after sowing, insect pest prevention and control are carried out by adopting the insect-proof plate and the trap, wherein the insect-proof plate is 10-15 pieces/mu, and the trap is 2-3 pieces/mu.
The biopesticide is Bacillus functional bacteria (Cangzhou Xingye Biotechnology limited, effective bacteria amount of 0.2 hundred million/g), and Beauveria bassiana (Hubei Hongyun Biotechnology limited, spore content of 109Pergram) and Metarrhizium anisopliae (Hubei Hongyun Longzhi Co., Ltd., spore content 109and/g) the number of viable bacteria of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the bacillus functional bacteria is 1:1: 1. The using time is as follows: irrigating roots of the corn in the early growth stage (seedling stage and jointing stage) for 1-2 times by using 300 times of agents of bacillus functional bacteria, and spraying leaf surfaces of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae for 1-2 times by using 800-1000 times of the agents; in the middle and later growth stages (trumpet stage, ear stage or flowering period) of the corn, 300 times of the agent of the bacillus functional bacteria is used for irrigating roots for 3-5 times, and 800-1000 times of the beauveria bassiana and the metarhizium anisopliae are sprayed on leaf surfaces for 2-3 times; the application amount of the bacillus functional bacteria is 1-2 kg/mu each time, the application amount of the beauveria bassiana is 50-100 g/mu each time, and the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae is 50-100 g/mu each time.
the disease control is mainly combined by strain fermentation liquor rhamnolipid (60g/L, Rijie biotechnology limited, Sigan) of pseudomonas (90% powder, important laboratory of agricultural microbiology country of Huazhong agricultural university). The using time is as follows: spraying rhamnolipid 1000-1200 times of medicament on the leaf surface of the corn in the early growth stage (seedling stage and jointing stage) for 1-2 times, and spraying amino-oligosaccharin 10000-15000 times of the leaf surface for 1-2 times; in the middle and later growth stages (the trumpet stage, the ear stage and the flowering grain stage) of the corn, 1000-1200 times of rhamnolipid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the corn for 3-5 times, and 10000-15000 times of amino-oligosaccharin is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the corn for 2-3 times. The application amount of the rhamnolipid is 50-100 g/mu and the application amount of the amino-oligosaccharin is 1-2 g/mu in terms of the dosage of the preparation.
the green planting method of the fruit corns, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following steps of:
Firstly, site selection:
(a) The air, irrigation water and soil environment quality of the fruit and corn planting field meet the agricultural industry standard NY/T2777-;
(b) Selecting a farmland or a leveling place with a gentle slope;
(c) The periphery of the fruit and corn planting and the upper air inlet or the upstream of the river have no pollution source and are far away from cities, factories and residential areas, and the air quality reaches the standard;
Secondly, soil preparation: before planting (3-4 months or 7-8 months), deeply ploughing and preparing soil, and applying organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer: taking at least one of organic compost of fruit and vegetable straw residues or a biological organic fertilizer as a main material, applying the organic compost or the biological organic fertilizer at an application rate of 500-1000 kg/mu, applying 20-50 kg/mu of an organic water-soluble fertilizer in a matched manner, and not applying an inorganic chemical fertilizer at the early stage; high ridge planting is adopted, the depth of the ditch is 0.3m to 0.5m, and the width of the drainage ditch is 0.4m to 0.6 m;
Thirdly, sowing: after soil preparation (5 months or 9 months), double-row planting is adopted, the row spacing is 0.8m multiplied by 0.2m, irrigation water is uniformly sprayed after sowing, and the soil layer is kept moist;
Fourthly, managing after seedling emergence:
(a) And watering management: installing 6-12 micro-sprinkling irrigation devices per mu, watering in time when the plants are dry, watering in time when the plants are exposed to high temperature and drought in half a month and in summer, and draining water when the plants are exposed to overcast and rainy days;
(b) And artificial weeding: thinning or replanting until 3000-3500 plants are left per mu, so as to fully utilize the photo-thermal resources; when weeds occur, shallow hoeing is needed for weeding, the situation that the roots of fruits and corns are not damaged is avoided, manual weeding is carried out for 2-3 times in one growth cycle, and the weeds are directly covered in situ until the roots of the corns retain water and keep warm;
(c) and topdressing: after the corn fruits grow seedlings, applying 20-30 kg of inorganic chemical fertilizer per mu, and topdressing for 4-5 times according to a small quantity and multiple times principle;
(d) And field green prevention and control: the physical trapping and the application of biological pesticide are mainly adopted for pest control; the disease prevention and control are mainly carried out by adopting the combination of rhamnolipid and amino-oligosaccharin;
fifthly, managing after harvesting: directly decomposing the harvested corn straws in situ in the field and returning the corn straws to the field, and spraying 2-5 kg of straw decomposition agent per mu of corn straws.
The plant height of the fruit corn is controlled to be below 1.5m, and 1 fruit corn cob is left in each plant.
The green planting method of the fruit corn provided by the invention comprises the following steps: picking in the first summer for 50 days; picked in autumn and winter for 80 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
The green planting method of the fruit corn follows the nutrient circulation and the disease and insect pest prevention and control rule of an agricultural ecological system, only biological pesticide and chemical pesticide are used in the whole process, the organic fertilizer is mainly used for fertilization, the input of the chemical fertilizer and the chemical pesticide is reduced, organic compost or biological organic fertilizer of fruit and vegetable straw residues and in-situ returning of fruit and corn straws increase soil organic matters, improve the soil environment of a plough layer, reduce environmental pollution caused by random abandonment of the fruit and vegetable straws, improve the recycling efficiency of the abandoned fruit and vegetable straw resources, effectively protect the ecological environment of the soil, meanwhile, by reasonably applying inorganic fertilizer, the yield of the fruit and corn is not greatly reduced, meanwhile, the quality of the fruit corns is improved, the additional value of the fruit corns is improved, and the method is suitable for areas developing green planting modes of the fruit corns.
Detailed Description
the technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The fruit corn variety is thaumatin 7401. Season 1: 5, 1 to 6, 20 months in 2018, with a period of 50 days; in the 2 nd season: 9, 15-11, 25 in 2018, with a cycle of 70 days; in season 3: 5, 1-6, 20 days in 2019, and the period is 50 days; and 4, continuously taking 3 seasons. In the fruit and corn harvesting period, picking is carried out for 50 days in the first summer or 70 days in autumn and winter; the height of the fruit corn is controlled to be 1.5m, 1 fruit corn cob is reserved in each plant, and 3000 plants are reserved in each mu.
The green planting method of the fruit corns comprises the following steps:
Firstly, selecting 8 teams of east-gush and east-gush villages in south sand areas of Guangzhou city experimentally;
(a) The air, irrigation water and soil environment quality of the fruit and corn planting field meet the agricultural industry standard NY/T2777-;
(b) Selecting a farmland or a leveling place with a gentle slope;
(c) And the periphery of the fruit and corn planting and the upstream of the air inlet or the river have no pollution source, are far away from cities, factories and residential areas, and the air quality reaches the standard.
secondly, soil preparation: 1-2 months before planting, deeply ploughing and preparing the land, and applying organic fertilizers as base fertilizers: organic compost of fruit and vegetable straw residues and bio-organic fertilizer (bio-organic fertilizer of Hongbao biological technology limited company in Changzhou city, total nutrient N + P2O5+K2o is 6 percent, CFU is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent) in a weight ratio of 2:1, the total weight is 500 kg/mu, the organic water-soluble fertilizer is matched with 25 kg/mu, and the inorganic chemical fertilizer is not applied in the early stage; high ridge planting is adopted, the depth of the ditch is 0.3m, and the width of the drainage ditch is 0.4 m.
Thirdly, sowing: double-row planting is adopted, the row spacing is 0.8m multiplied by 0.2m, irrigation water is uniformly sprayed after sowing, and the soil layer is kept moist.
Fourthly, managing after seedling emergence:
(a) And watering management: installing 6 micro-sprinkling irrigation devices per mu, watering in time when the plants are dry, watering in time when the plants are exposed to high temperature and drought in a half month and at a dark day, and draining water when the plants are exposed to overcast and rainy days;
(b) And artificial weeding: when weeds occur, shallow hoeing is needed for weeding, the situation that the roots of fruits and corns are not damaged is avoided, manual weeding is carried out for 2 times in one growth cycle, and the weeds are directly covered in situ until the roots of the corns retain water and keep warm;
(c) and topdressing: after the corn fruits grow seedlings, applying 25kg of inorganic chemical fertilizer for each mu, and topdressing for 5 times: 10% of corn seedling stage, 25% of corn jointing stage, 30% of corn large-flare stage, 30% of ear stage and 5% of flowering stage; wherein the inorganic chemical fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 25 parts of urea, 2 parts of composite medium trace element magnesium, 0.5 part of zinc and 0.5 part of boron.
(d) and field green prevention and control:
Pest control: the insect pest prevention and control are mainly carried out by adopting physical trapping and applying biopesticide.
Physical trapping: after sowing, 10 insect-proof plates per mu and 2 traps per mu are adopted.
Application of biopesticide: bacillus functional bacteria (Cangzhou Xingye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., effective bacteria count of 0.2 hundred million/g, effective bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens of 1:1:1), and Beauveria bassiana (Hubei Hongyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., spore content of 10)9Pergram), Metarrhizium anisopliae (Hubei Hongyun Longzhi Co., Ltd., spore content 109per gram) are used in combination. The using time is as follows: irrigating roots of the corn in the early growth stage (seedling stage and jointing stage) for 1 time by using 300 times of bacillus functional bacteria, and spraying the leaf surfaces of the beauveria bassiana and the metarhizium anisopliae for 1 time by using 800 times of the leaf surfaces of the beauveria bassiana; in the middle and later growth stages (trumpet stage, ear stage and kernel stage) of corn, 300 times of the bacillus functional bacteria are used for irrigating roots for 3 times, and 800 times of the beauveria bassiana and the metarhizium anisopliae are sprayed on leaf surfaces for 2 times. The bacillus functional bacteria are applied for 1 kg/mu each time, the beauveria bassiana is applied for 50 g/mu each time, and the metarhizium anisopliae is applied for 50 g/mu each time.
Disease prevention and control: the strain fermentation liquor of pseudomonas is adopted to combine rhamnolipid (60g/L, Rijie biotechnology limited of Siran city) and amino-oligosaccharin (90% powder, important laboratory of agricultural microbiology national of Huazhong university of agriculture). The using time is as follows: spraying rhamnolipid 1000 times of medicament on leaf surfaces of corn in the early growth stage (seedling stage and jointing stage) for 1 time, and spraying amino-oligosaccharin 10000 times of leaf surfaces for 1 time; in the middle and later growth stages (trumpet stage, ear stage and flower grain stage) of corn, spraying rhamnolipid 1000 times of agent on leaf surface for 3 times, and spraying oligosaccharins 10000 times of leaf surface for 2 times. The rhamnolipid is applied at 50 g/mu each time, and the amino-oligosaccharin is applied at 1 g/mu each time.
Fifthly, managing after harvesting: the fruit corn is mainly harvested manually, the harvested corn straws are directly decomposed in situ in the field and returned to the field, and 3kg of straw decomposition agent (Nanjing Ning grain bioengineering Co., Ltd.) is sprayed on each mu of corn straws.
the organic compost of the fruit and vegetable straw residues is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing 80 parts by weight of fruit and vegetable straw residues (comprising 60 parts by weight of fruit and corn straws, 5 parts by weight of sweet pepper straws, 5 parts by weight of guava straws and 10 parts by weight of banana leaves), 1 part by weight of urea, 1 part by weight of potassium chloride, 0.5 part by weight of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, adding an EM microbial inoculum (Jiangsu Wanna Biotech Co., Ltd.) accounting for 5% of the total weight of raw materials to ferment, intermittently turning the materials for 2 times after the highest temperature reaches 70 ℃ (turning the materials when the temperature rises to 70 ℃ for 3 days for the first time, and then turning the materials once when the temperature rises to 70 ℃ for 2 times) for further fermenting for 15 days to prepare the organic compost. The main components of the organic compost are as follows:
1. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and other trace elements;
2. a plant-derived amino acid;
3. Beneficial microbial flora such as bacillus, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and the like.
Firstly, organic compost formed by adding supplementary nutrition and EM microbial inoculum into the fruit and vegetable straw residues and then fermenting the fruit and vegetable straw residues can better promote plant growth, simultaneously promote the formation of micro-ecological environment of plant rhizosphere soil, stimulate the division and growth elongation of plant root system cells, resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and improve the immunity of the soil. In addition, humus of a plant source in the organic compost is an organic colloid, has good water and fertilizer retention capacity, can promote the formation of a soil granular structure, further improve the porosity and air permeability of the soil, improve the physical state of the soil, provide rich nutrients and energy for the activity of microorganisms, promote the conversion of nutrient elements of the soil, integrally relieve continuous cropping obstacles and ensure that the soil keeps continuous productivity.
Secondly, the organic compost contains rich plant source amino acid, so the organic compost can be directly absorbed and utilized by plant roots after being returned to the field for application, and the growth of the plant roots is accelerated. The amino acid is also a nitrogen source, but mainly has good regulation effect on the physiological metabolism of crops, promotes the growth of root systems, strengthens seedlings and plants, enhances the photosynthetic function of leaves and the stress resistance and the disease and insect pest resistance of the crops, and has obvious yield increase effect on various crops;
Thirdly, the organic compost is rich in bacillus, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and saccharomycetes. The abundant and stable beneficial flora can effectively inhibit the activity of harmful microorganisms, play the role of 'antibiotics' and maintain ecological balance. Meanwhile, the absorption of plant root systems is promoted through the transformation of soil nutrient elements, the crop yield is indirectly increased, the crop quality is improved, people eat high-quality products without chemical pollution, and the living standard and quality of people are improved.
The organic water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following method: inoculating Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GBIF-2 into molasses (maoyuan sugar industry Co., Ltd. in Wenyuan county, Guangdong province) of a cane sugar factory according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 28 hours; after fermentation, adding magnesium as a secondary element, boron as a trace element and zinc for chelation at a high temperature of 70 ℃ for 2-3 hours; the main nutritional indexes are as follows: organic matter is more than or equal to 200g/L, the total amount of medium trace elements of magnesium, boron and zinc is more than or equal to 80g/L, wherein magnesium is more than or equal to 50g/L, boron is more than or equal to 15g/L, and zinc is more than or equal to 15 g/L.
Test results and analysis
A. Effect on fruit maize emergence and plant height growth
The same investigation standard is adopted to count the emergence rate and the plant height of the fruit corns, the whole emergence number and the plant height of the 1 st season and the 2 nd season of the test group are not obviously different from those of a control group (CK1, CK2, farmer habits), but the emergence rate of the fruit corns subjected to green planting treatment in the 3 rd season is increased by 5.8% compared with that of the control group, the average plant height of the seedling stage is increased by 3.5cm compared with that of the control group, which shows that the fruit corns grow and develop more vigorously in the seedling stage after being continuously treated for 3 seasons by the green planting method, and the quality of the fruit corns in the later stage are improved.
TABLE 1 influence of Green planting mode on fruit maize emergence and plant height
B. Influence on fruit and corn ability to resist disease and worm grass
During the test period, the fruit corns in the control group use the conventional chemical pesticide, the fruit corns in the test group only use the plant-source pesticide and the biological pesticide, and the fruit corns do not have serious pest and weed damage.
C. effect on fruit maize yield
According to the artificial random picking of 20 continuous samples, weighing and averaging, the result shows: the fruit corn yield (the main index thousand kernel weight) of the test group treated by the green planting method and the yield of the control group did not have significant difference in the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd seasons.
D. Influence on fruit corn quality
according to the artificial random picking of 20 continuous plants for sampling, the quality of the fruit corns in different seasons is evaluated by measuring relevant indexes of the samples, and the results are shown in the table 2 and show that: in the 1 st season and the 2 nd season, the soluble sugar and the titratable acid of the test group fruit corns show a stable descending trend, particularly in the 3 rd season, the soluble sugar and the titratable acid of the test group fruit corns are obviously different from those of a control group, and simultaneously, the contents of protein, starch and vitamin C of the test group fruit corns are obviously improved compared with those of the control group, which shows that the planting quality of the fruit corns is improved by a green planting mode, and the general description is that: in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, the quality of the fruit corn treated by the green planting method in the test group is better than that in the control group, and the quality of the fruit corn treated by the green planting method in the 3 rd season is obviously better than that in the control group.
TABLE 2 influence of Green planting mode on fruit corn quality
The test of 3 continuous seasons preliminarily shows that: the green planting method can promote the growth and development of the fruit corns, is beneficial to improving the quality of the fruit corns, improving the economic yield of the fruit corns and promoting the popularization rate of green planting of the fruit corns.
Example 2
The test fruit corn variety is thaumatin 7401. Season 1: 5, 1 to 6, 20 months in 2018, with a period of 50 days; in the 2 nd season: 9, 15-11, 25 in 2018, with a cycle of 70 days; in season 3: 5 months 1 to 6 months 20 days in 2019, and the period is 50 days. And 4, continuously taking 3 seasons. In the fruit and corn harvesting period, picking is carried out for 50 days in the first summer or 70 days in autumn and winter; the height of the fruit corn is controlled to be 1.5m, 1 fruit corn cob is reserved in each plant, and 3500 plants are reserved in each mu.
the green planting method of the fruit corns comprises the following steps:
Firstly, selecting 8 teams of east-gush and east-gush villages in south sand areas of Guangzhou city experimentally;
(a) The air, irrigation water and soil environment quality of the fruit and corn planting field meet the agricultural industry standard NY/T2777-;
(b) Selecting a farmland or a leveling place with a gentle slope;
(c) The periphery of the fruit and corn planting and the upper air inlet or the upstream of the river have no pollution source and are far away from cities, factories and residential areas, and the air quality reaches the standard;
secondly, soil preparation: 1-2 months before planting, deeply ploughing and preparing the land, and applying organic fertilizers as base fertilizers: organic compost of fruit and vegetable straw residues and bio-organic fertilizer (adopting Nang seeding king compound microbial fertilizer of Jiangyun city combined biotechnology limited company, total nutrient N + P2O5+K2o is 8 percent, CFU is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent) in a weight ratio of 2:1, the total weight is 1000 kg/mu, 40 kg/mu of organic water-soluble fertilizer (same as example 1) is matched, and inorganic chemical fertilizer is not applied in the early stage; high ridge planting is adopted, the depth of the ditch is 0.5m, and the width of the drainage ditch is 0.6 m;
The organic compost of the fruit and vegetable straw residues is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing 90 parts by weight of fruit and vegetable straw residues (consisting of 60 parts by weight of fruit and corn straws, 5 parts by weight of sweet pepper straws, 5 parts by weight of guava straws and 10 parts by weight of banana leaves), 3 parts by weight of urea, 3 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 2 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate and 10 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, adding an EM microbial inoculum (Jiangsu Wanna Biotech Co., Ltd.) accounting for 10% of the total weight of raw materials to ferment, turning over 3 times after the highest temperature reaches 60 ℃ (turning over can be selected or continued to ferment after the temperature reaches 60 ℃), fermenting for 24 hours, raising the temperature to 60 ℃, turning over 1 time every 10 days, turning over 3 times in total), and fermenting for 30 days to prepare the organic compost.
thirdly, sowing: after soil preparation, double-row planting is adopted, the row spacing is 0.8m multiplied by 0.2m, irrigation water is uniformly sprayed after sowing, and the soil layer is kept moist.
fourthly, managing after seedling emergence:
(a) And watering management: installing 12 micro-sprinkling irrigation devices per mu, watering in time when the plants are dry, watering in time when the plants are exposed to high temperature and drought in a half month and at a dark day, and draining water when the plants are exposed to rain and sunshine;
(b) and artificial weeding: when weeds occur, shallow hoeing is needed for weeding, the situation that the roots of fruits and corns are not damaged is avoided, artificial weeding is carried out for 3 times in one growth cycle, and the weeds are directly covered in situ until the roots of the corns retain water and keep warm;
(c) And topdressing: after the corn fruits grow seedlings, applying 50 kg/mu of inorganic chemical fertilizer, and topdressing for 5 times: 10% of corn seedling stage, 25% of corn jointing stage, 30% of corn large-flare stage, 30% of ear stage and 5% of flowering stage; wherein the inorganic chemical fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 30 parts of urea, 4 parts of composite medium trace element magnesium, 1 part of zinc and 1 part of boron.
(d) And field green prevention and control:
pest control: the insect pest prevention and control are mainly carried out by adopting physical trapping and applying biopesticide.
Physical trapping: after sowing, 15 insect-proof plates per mu and 3 traps per mu are mainly adopted.
The biological pesticide is prepared from Bacillus functional bacteria (Cangzhou Xingye biotechnology limited, effective bacteria number of 0.2 hundred million/g, effective bacteria number of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens of 1:1:1), and Beauveria bassiana (Hubei Hongyun biotechnology limited, spore content of 109Pergram) and Metarrhizium anisopliae (Hubei Hongyun Longzhi Co., Ltd., spore content 109Per gram) of the combinationThe application is as follows. The using time is as follows: irrigating roots of the corn in the early growth stage (seedling stage and jointing stage) for 2 times by using 300 times of bacillus functional bacteria, and spraying 2 times of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae on leaf surfaces, wherein the leaf surfaces are 1000 times of the beauveria bassiana; in the middle and later growth stages (trumpet stage, ear stage and kernel stage) of corn, 300 times of the bacillus functional bacteria are used for irrigating roots for 5 times, and 1000 times of beauveria bassiana and destruxins are sprayed on leaf surfaces for 3 times. The bacillus functional bacteria are applied for 1 kg/mu each time, the beauveria bassiana is applied for 50 g/mu each time, and the metarhizium anisopliae is applied for 50 g/mu each time.
disease prevention and control: the strain fermentation liquor of pseudomonas is adopted to combine rhamnolipid (60g/L, Rijie biotechnology limited of Siran city) and amino-oligosaccharin (90% powder, important laboratory of agricultural microbiology national of Huazhong university of agriculture). The using time is as follows: spraying rhamnolipid 1200 times of agent on leaf surface of corn in the early growth stage (seedling stage and jointing stage) for 2 times, and spraying amino-oligosaccharin 15000 times of leaf surface for 2 times; in the middle and later growth stages (trumpet stage, ear stage and kernel stage) of corn, spraying rhamnolipid 1200 times of the pesticide for 5 times, and spraying amino-oligosaccharin 15000 times of the pesticide for 3 times. The rhamnolipid is applied by 100 g/mu each time, and the amino-oligosaccharin is applied by 2 g/mu each time.
fifthly, managing after harvesting: the fruit corn is mainly harvested manually, the harvested corn straws are directly decomposed in situ in the field and returned to the field, and 3kg of straw decomposition agent (Nanjing Ning grain bioengineering Co., Ltd.) is sprayed on each mu of corn straws.
test results and analysis
A. effect on fruit maize emergence and plant height growth
The same investigation standard is adopted to carry out statistics on the emergence rate and the plant height of the fruit corns, the whole emergence number and the plant height of the 1 st season and the 2 nd season of the test group are not obviously different from those of the control groups (CK1 and CK2), but the emergence rate of the fruit corns subjected to green planting treatment in the 3 rd season is increased by 6.4 percent compared with the control area, the average plant height in the seedling stage is increased by 4.8cm compared with that of the control group, which shows that the fruit corns grow and develop more vigorously in the seedling stage after being treated by the green planting method for 3 consecutive seasons, and the quality of the fruit corns in the later stage are improved.
TABLE 3 influence of Green planting mode on fruit maize emergence and plant height
B. Influence on fruit and corn ability to resist disease and worm grass
during the test period, the fruit corns in the control group use the conventional chemical pesticide, the fruit corns in the test group only use the plant-source pesticide and the biological pesticide, and the fruit corns do not have serious pest and weed damage.
C. effect on fruit maize yield
According to the artificial random picking of 20 continuous samples, weighing and averaging, the result shows: the yield of the fruit corn (the main index of thousand kernel weight) treated by the green planting method in the test group and the yield of the control group are not significantly different in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, but the yield of the fruit corn treated by the green planting method in the 3 rd season can be increased by 7.5%.
D. Influence on fruit corn quality
According to the artificial random picking of 20 continuous plants for sampling, the quality of the fruit corns in different seasons is evaluated by measuring relevant indexes of the samples, and the results are shown in the table 4 and show that: in the 1 st season and the 2 nd season, the soluble sugar and the titratable acid of the test group fruit corns show a stable descending trend, particularly in the 3 rd season, the soluble sugar and the titratable acid of the test group fruit corns are obviously different from those of a control group, and simultaneously, the contents of protein, starch and vitamin C of the test group fruit corns are obviously improved compared with those of the control group, which shows that the planting quality of the fruit corns is improved by a green planting mode, and the general description is that: in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, the quality of the fruit corn treated by the green planting method in the test group is better than that of the control group, the quality of the fruit corn treated by the green planting method in the 3 rd season is obviously better than that of the control group, and the specific quality determination conditions show.
TABLE 4 influence of Green planting mode on fruit corn quality
The test of 3 continuous seasons preliminarily shows that: the green planting method can promote the growth and development of the fruit corns, is beneficial to improving the quality of the fruit corns, improving the economic yield of the fruit corns and promoting the popularization rate of green planting of the fruit corns.
finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (10)
1. A green planting method of fruit corn is characterized by comprising the following steps: deeply ploughing and preparing the land before planting, applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer is at least one of fruit and vegetable straw residues or a biological organic fertilizer with the application amount of 500-1000 kg/mu, and sowing by using an organic water-soluble fertilizer with the application amount of 20-50 kg/mu as an auxiliary material: double-row planting is adopted, and the row spacing is 0.8m multiplied by 0.2 m; after the corn fruits grow seedlings, applying inorganic chemical fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu for 3000-3500 plants per mu, and topdressing for 4-5 times; after harvesting, the corn stalks are decomposed in situ in the field and returned to the field.
2. The green planting method of fruit corn as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the organic compost of fruit and vegetable straw residues is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of fruit and vegetable straw residues, 1-5 parts of urea, 1-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, and then adding an EM microbial inoculum, wherein the addition amount of the EM microbial inoculum is 5-10% of the total weight of the raw materials; fermenting for 15-30 days to prepare organic compost; wherein the fruit and vegetable straw residues are at least one of fruit corn straws, sweet pepper straws, small tomato straws, guava branches and banana leaves.
3. The green planting method of fruit corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total nutrient N + P in the bio-organic fertilizer2O5+K2o is 6-8%, CFU is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, and organic matter is more than or equal to 20%.
4. The green planting method of fruit corn according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by fermenting molasses of cane sugar factory with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GBIF-2 and chelating with secondary elements magnesium, trace elements boron and zinc, and has main nutritional indexes: the organic matter is more than or equal to 200g/L, and the total amount of the medium trace elements of magnesium, boron and zinc is more than or equal to 80 g/L.
5. the method for green cultivation of fruit corn according to claim 4, wherein Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GBIF-2 is deposited at the Guangdong province collection of microorganisms and strains in 2018, 11/16 with the deposit numbers GDMCC NO: 60480.
6. The green planting method of fruit corn as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic chemical fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 10-20 parts of potassium chloride, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-30 parts of urea and composite medium trace elements: 2 to 4 parts of magnesium, 0.5 to 1 part of zinc and 0.5 to 1 part of boron.
7. The green planting method of fruit corn as claimed in claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the inorganic chemical fertilizer is applied by 5 times, and the nutrient distribution of the additional fertilizer is as follows: 10% of corn seedling stage, 25% of corn jointing stage, 30% of corn large-flare stage, 30% of ear stage and 5% of flowering stage.
8. The green planting method of fruit corn according to claim 1, further comprising field green prevention and control, including pest control and disease control; the pest control mainly adopts physical trapping and biological pesticide application;
The physical trapping adopts an insect-proof plate and a trap;
The biological pesticide is Bacillus functional bacteria (effective bacteria number 0.2 hundred million/g) and Beauveria bassiana (spore content 10)9Pergram of fungus and Metarrhizium anisopliae (spore content 10)9/g) the active bacteria number of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the bacillus functional bacteria is 1:1: 1; the using time is as follows: in the early growth stage of the corn, 300 times of the medicament of bacillus functional bacteria is used for root irrigation for 1-2 times, and 800-1000 times of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae are sprayed on leaf surfaces for 1-2 times; irrigating roots of the corn for 3-5 times by using 300 times of the bacillus functional bacteria in the middle and later growth periods, and spraying leaf surfaces of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae for 2-3 times by using 800-1000 times of the bacillus functional bacteria; the application amount of the bacillus functional bacteria is 1-2 kg/mu each time, the application amount of the beauveria bassiana is 50-100 g/mu each time, and the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae is 50-100 g/mu each time.
9. The green planting method of fruit corn according to claim 8, characterized in that disease control adopts a combination of rhamnolipid and amino-oligosaccharin; the using time is as follows: spraying 1000-1200 times of rhamnolipid on the leaf surface of the corn in the early growth stage for 1-2 times, and spraying 10000-15000 times of amino-oligosaccharin on the leaf surface of the corn for 1-2 times; spraying 1000-1200 times of rhamnolipid on the leaf surface of the middle and later growth stages of corn for 3-5 times, and spraying 10000-15000 times of amino-oligosaccharin on the leaf surface of the corn for 2-3 times; the application amount of the rhamnolipid is 50-100 g/mu and the application amount of the amino-oligosaccharin is 1-2 g/mu in terms of the dosage of the preparation.
10. the green planting method of fruit corn according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
Firstly, site selection:
(a) The air, irrigation water and soil environment quality of the fruit and corn planting field meet the agricultural industry standard NY/T2777-;
(b) Selecting a farmland or a leveling place with a gentle slope;
Secondly, soil preparation: before planting, deeply ploughing and preparing soil, and applying organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer: taking at least one of organic compost of fruit and vegetable straw residues or a biological organic fertilizer as a main material, applying the fertilizer at a rate of 500-1000 kg/mu, and applying 20-50 kg/mu of an organic water-soluble fertilizer; high ridge planting is adopted, the depth of the ditch is 0.3m to 0.5m, and the width of the drainage ditch is 0.4m to 0.6 m;
Thirdly, sowing: after soil preparation, double-row planting is adopted, the row spacing is 0.8m multiplied by 0.2m, irrigation water is uniformly sprayed after sowing, and a soil layer is kept moist;
Fourthly, managing after seedling emergence:
(a) And watering management: installing 6-12 micro-sprinkling irrigation devices per mu;
(b) and artificial weeding: thinning or replanting until 3000-3500 plants are left per mu; when weeds occur, weeding is carried out by a shallow hoe, artificial weeding is carried out for 2-3 times in one growth cycle, and the weeds are directly covered in situ until the corn root systems retain water and keep warm;
(c) And topdressing: after the corn fruits grow seedlings, applying the inorganic chemical fertilizer for 20-30 kg/mu for additional application for 4-5 times;
(d) And field green prevention and control: the physical trapping and the application of biological pesticide are mainly adopted for pest control; the disease prevention and control are mainly carried out by adopting the combination of rhamnolipid and amino-oligosaccharin;
fifthly, managing after harvesting: directly decomposing the harvested corn straws in situ in the field and returning the corn straws to the field, and spraying 2-5 kg of straw decomposition agent per mu of corn straws.
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Effective date of registration: 20220719 Address after: No.10, shiliugang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510000 Patentee after: Nanfan Seed Industry Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Sciences Address before: 510316, 10, pomegranate Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Haizhuqu District Patentee before: Institute of bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences |