CN105036996A - Special double-film double-control slow-release fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special double-film double-control slow-release fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special double-film double-control slow-release fertilizer for corn and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers. The special double-film double-control slow-release fertilizer for corn comprises a base fertilizer, an additional fertilizer and an ear fertilizer. The base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight on dry basis: livestock/poultry manure, wheat straw, Enteromorpha, kaolin, manioc waste, edible fungus residue, inorganic fertilizer and sterilizing component. The additional fertilizer is prepared from urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, gypsum and urea formaldehyde. The ear fertilizer is prepared from rare earth, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and pesticidal component. The special double-film double-control slow-release fertilizer for corn can greatly increase the corn yield and lower the occurrence of diseases and pests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of fertilizers.
Background technology
Corn is the zeistic seed of gramineous herbaceous plant, has plantation all over China, especially more with northeast, North China and southwestern each province.According to statistics, american corn output in 2012 is 272,432 kilotons, and corn consumption is 254,444 kilotons are global maximum corn production and marketing states, and China's volume of production and marketing in 2012 is only second to the U.S., Chinese maize output 200 in 2012,000 kiloton, consumption 201,000 kiloton.Brazil is global the third-largest Maize Production state, and output is 70,000 kiloton.Corn is the health-care good product in coarse food grain, and food corn is rather favourable to the health of human body.Measure according to the study, every 100 grams of corn heat content 106 kilocalories, Mierocrystalline cellulose 2.9 grams, 4.0 grams, protein, 1.2 grams, fat, 22.8 grams, carbohydrate, another containing mineral element and VITAMIN etc.The robust fibre contained in corn, than polished rice, smart face height 4-10 doubly.Also containing a large amount of magnesium in corn, magnesium can strengthen intestines wall wriggling, promotes the excretion of body waste.Corn is Chinese first food crop, and corn plays an important role in China's grain security, is important fodder crop, is again the important source material of the industries such as food, chemical industry, fuel, medicine.Therefore, its importance gets most of the attention.
China begins one's study the production technology of sustained-controll-release fertiliser from the eighties in last century, and obtains important breakthrough.According to statistics, the more common chemical fertilizer of utilization ratio of sustained-controll-release fertiliser improves more than 60%, reduces fertilizer amount 10-15 thousand grams/acre, can be peasant's cost-saving synergistic 75-127 unit/mu.Meanwhile, use the loss that sustained-controll-release fertiliser avoids a large amount of nitrogen that excessive fertilization causes, phosphoric, decrease widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, it is economical, society, environmental benefit be fairly obvious.
Nearly 2 years, research and development and the production development of domestic sustained-controll-release fertiliser are very fast, particularly the development of coating slow-release or control-release fertilizer is advanced by leaps and bounds especially, and coating material be mostly be difficult to degrade, sulphur that the Plastic Resin of the high contaminated soil of cost and a large amount of use easily make soil acidification.
In corn planting process, the fungi infestation class diseases such as corn rust, corn southern leaf blight, the leaf blight of corn, Helminthosporium carbonum, maize virus disease and corn mosaic, the generation of maize kernel rot, have impact on the output of corn greatly.For maize kernel rot, by sick seed chocolate or sorrel, 100-grain weight reduces by more than 1/2, deterioration.Can cause toxic reaction, experimental observation after people and animals are edible: when being mixed into 20% ill seed in raw grain, mouthfeel puckery hardship when people eats, taste acid are smelly, excessively ediblely there will be myasthenia of the limbs, heating, Nausea and vomiting, abdomen rise, suffer from abdominal pain, the symptom such as dizziness; Occur diarrhoea, food refusal when the domestic animals such as horse, mule, donkey, pig are feeding, the speed of growth such as to slow down at the phenomenon; Sheep, the feeding rear appetite of chicken are gone down, and degradation phenomenon under there is hen laying rate; With infected seed in raw grain, commodity value reduces 0.2-0.4 unit/kg, and with infected seed in seed, application rate increases by 1 times.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
To nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium demand at most, the time of infertility is maximum with nitrogen to the absorbed dose of three elements, and potassium takes second place, and phosphorus is less for corn.Therefore the fertilising of corn is based on lift-augmented mechanism, compounding application phosphorus potash fertilizer.In general growth in seedling stage (1-6 leaf) is slow, plant is little, and the nutrient of absorption is also few, and rate of fertilizer application now should account for about 10% of fertile amount.Jointing is very fast to growth in flowering period (7-16 leaf), and now female tassel forms developmental stage just, and absorption nutrient speed is fast, quantity is many, is the critical period that plant needs nutrient, supplies sufficient nutrient material at this moment, can promote that fringe is many, fringe is large.Rate of fertilizer application now should account for about 60% of total fertile amount, and later stage (after 17 leaves) absorption rate slows down gradually, and absorbed dose also reduces.Rate of fertilizer application should account for about 20% of total fertile amount.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium applicating ratio are generally at about 3:1:2.8.Phosphorus, potash fertilizer should be used in early stage.If fertile quantity not sufficient, should mainly be used in jointing and flowering period.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is taked is:
A kind of corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprise base manure, topdress, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up of the raw material of following weight part: livestock and poultry muck 100-300 part, wheat stalk 80-120 part, Enteromorpha 80-120 part, kaolin 10-30 part, manioc waste 20-40 part, edible fungi residue 30-50 part, inorganic fertilizer 40-70 part, bactericidal component 10-20 part, the weight of above raw material is all with dry weight basis;
Described inorganic fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Sodium orthomolybdate, gypsum and liquid urea formaldehyde 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.15:1;
Described bactericidal component is made up of the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio: stone-like omphalia, Fructus Cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum 1:1:1:4:2:1;
Described topdressing is made up of the raw material of following weight part: urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, gypsum and urea formaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1;
Described ear manuer is made up of the raw material of following weight part: rare earth, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component 0.1:1:2:1.5:1:0.7;
Described insect disinfestation component is made up of the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio: stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum 1:1:1:1.
Further, comprise base manure, topdress, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up of the raw material of following weight part: 200 parts, livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 100 parts, Enteromorpha 100 parts, kaolin 20 parts, manioc waste 30 parts, edible fungi residue 40 parts, inorganic fertilizer 50 parts, bactericidal component 15 parts, the weight of above raw material is all with dry weight basis.
Further, comprise base manure, topdress, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up through urea formaldehyde coating of the raw material of following weight part: 300 parts, livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 80 parts, Enteromorpha 80 parts, kaolin 30 parts, manioc waste 40 parts, edible fungi residue 30 parts, inorganic fertilizer 40 parts, bactericidal component 20 parts, the weight of above raw material is all with dry weight basis.
Further, comprise base manure, topdress, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up through urea formaldehyde coating of the raw material of following weight part: 100 parts, livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 120 parts, Enteromorpha 120 parts, kaolin 10 parts, manioc waste 20 parts, edible fungi residue 50 parts, inorganic fertilizer 40 parts, bactericidal component 10 parts, the weight of above raw material is all with dry weight basis.
Described topdress in urea be commercial resins coated carbamide.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of a kind of corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of the preparation method comprising base manure, the preparation method topdressed and ear manuer;
(1) preparation method of base manure comprises the following steps:
1. base manure raw material for standby is taken according to above-mentioned weight part and proportioning;
2. bactericidal component process: the stone-like omphalia taken, Fructus Cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum are added 3 times of water soakings 2 days, carries out solid-liquid separation, stand-by;
Solid is Chinese medicine slag, and liquid is middle drug filtrate, and the weight ratio that middle drug filtrate is concentrated into middle drug filtrate and liquid urea formaldehyde is 0.45:0.85;
3. the preparation of inorganic fertilizer:
A () is divided into two parts and sends into two storage hoppers after the urea taken, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Sodium orthomolybdate being mixed;
B (), by liquid urea formaldehyde and middle drug filtrate, after stirring, is divided into two parts and is sent to the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in coating machine and the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in tablets press respectively;
C raw material in one of them storage hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine by screw feeder by (), a taper decollator is had below screw feeder, the stock dispersion falling into coating machine can be become hollow round tubular, the urea formaldehyde diluent droplet that the solid material fallen and coating machine high-pressure atomization shower nozzle spray bumps against, liquid urea formaldehyde rapid solidification under ammonium chloride and hot wind action, forms wrapper small-particle;
D powder in wrapper small-particle obtained for step (c) and another storage hopper is formed material curtain by weight 1:1 ratio by () simultaneously; Urea formaldehyde liquid is sprayed on the material curtain in tablets press after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle; Under the rolling of tablets press cylinder, by the adhesive effect of urea formaldehyde liquid and ammonium chloride to the solidification of urea formaldehyde, form desirable complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particle; At the uniform velocity sent into by terra alba on the complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of tablets press, under the rolling of tablets press, terra alba divides in the urea formaldehyde release membranes being embedded in and being not yet cured;
E particle that () produces sends into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveying belt or lift, then sends into cooling in cooler, and then sieve, namely the finished product sieved out is inorganic fertilizer particle;
4. the livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk, Enteromorpha, kaolin, the manioc waste that will take, the Chinese medicine slag that 2. edible fungi residue and step obtain is sent into mixing machine and is mixed, and pulverizes, and is then sent in tablets press by the raw material after pulverizing and granulates, obtain organic fertilizer particles;
5. the organic fertilizer particles that 4. inorganic fertilizer particle step 3. obtained and step obtain mixes, and obtains base manure;
(4) preparation method topdressed comprises the following steps:
1. take according to above-mentioned proportioning raw material for standby of topdressing;
A () is divided into two parts and sends into two storage hoppers after the urea taken, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate being mixed;
B (), by liquid urea formaldehyde thin up, after stirring, is divided into two parts and is sent to the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in coating machine and the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in tablets press respectively; The weight ratio of described liquid urea formaldehyde and diluting water is 2:1;
C raw material in one of them storage hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine by screw feeder by (), a taper decollator is had below screw feeder, the stock dispersion falling into coating machine can be become hollow round tubular, the urea formaldehyde diluent droplet that the solid material fallen and coating machine high-pressure atomization shower nozzle spray bumps against, liquid urea formaldehyde rapid solidification under ammonium chloride and hot wind action, forms wrapper small-particle;
D powder in wrapper small-particle obtained for step (c) and another storage hopper is formed material curtain by weight 1:1 ratio by () simultaneously; Urea formaldehyde liquid is sprayed on the material curtain in tablets press after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle; Under the rolling of tablets press cylinder, by the adhesive effect of urea formaldehyde liquid and ammonium chloride to the solidification of urea formaldehyde, form desirable complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particle; At the uniform velocity sent into by terra alba on the complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of tablets press, under the rolling of tablets press, terra alba divides in the urea formaldehyde release membranes being embedded in and being not yet cured;
E particle that () produces sends into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveying belt or lift, then sends into cooling in cooler, and then sieve, namely the finished product sieved out topdresses;
(5) preparation method of ear manuer comprises the following steps:
1. base manure raw material for standby is taken according to above-mentioned weight part and proportioning;
2. insect disinfestation component process: the stone-like omphalia taken, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum are mixed, adds 0.5 times of water by fermentation 1 day, then dry, pulverize, granulate;
3. rare earth, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are mixed with the insect disinfestation component of granulation, obtain ear manuer.
Further, step (1) 3. in twice spraying in, each quantity for spray of pure urea formaldehyde liquid is all 1/2 of total amount; The polycondensation rate of liquid urea formaldehyde used should control at 10%-20%, and terra alba used should be not less than 500 orders.
Present invention also offers the application process of a kind of corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, it is characterized in that, apply fertilizer 5 times altogether, concrete method of application is as follows:
(1) apply fertilizer first: use base manure, use before sowing, amount of application is 100kg/ mu;
(2) secondary fertilising: use and topdress, after applying fertilizer 20 days first, amount of application is 10kg/ mu;
(3) three fertilisings: use and topdress, after secondary applies fertilizer 15 days, amount of application is 10kg/ mu;
(4) four fertilisings: use and topdress, three fertilisings are after 15 days, and amount of application is 10kg/ mu;
(5) five fertilisings: use ear manuer, apart from when taking out tassel 10-15 days, amount of application 40kg/ mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. corn of the present invention special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer is prepared according to the fertilizer requirement of corn, and be more conducive to the output increasing corn, after using fertilizer of the present invention, corn yield is the highest increases by 57.1%.
2. with the addition of bactericidal component (stone-like omphalia, Fructus Cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum) in corn of the present invention special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer base manure, can the fungi infestation class disease such as control of maize rust, corn southern leaf blight, the leaf blight of corn, Helminthosporium carbonum, maize virus disease and corn mosaic, simultaneously, bactericidal component also has the effect of desinsection, apply with base manure, just avoid the generation of disease and pest from initial planting as far as possible.
3. with the addition of insect disinfestation component (stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum) in corn of the present invention special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer ear manuer, effectively prevented and treated the generation of maize kernel rot, thus side adds the output of corn.
4. the slow-release fertilizer that prepared by the present invention is solvay-type urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer, and in its film, the release rate of fertilizer is that skin is slightly fast, and nexine is more slow, fully can adapt to crop fertilizer application amount in early stage so little, the characteristic that middle and later periods fertilizer application amount is large.The membrane shell components urea formaldehyde of this slow-release fertilizer and terra alba are all the slow release fertilizer that can slowly degrade, avoid sulphur pollution, and increase with the swelling ratio of both risings of temperature and degradation rate all thereupon, thus the release aperture of coating apply fertilizer is strengthened gradually, the release rate of fertilizer increases, and accelerate with the speed of growth of the rising plant of temperature, fertilizer requirement increases, the release feature of this fertilizer just in time adapts with the growth uptake characters of crop, the utilization ratio of raising fertilizer that like this can be strong, realize single-dose application and meet crop whole vegetative period to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, the demand of the nutrients such as sulphur, peasant also can be made to save time, saving of labor, laborsaving, reduce production cost, reduce and pollute, preserve the ecological environment.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention is not only confined to the following examples, embodiment should not regard as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, comprises base manure, topdresses, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up of the raw material of following weight part (dry weight):
200 parts, livestock and poultry muck
Wheat stalk 100 parts
Enteromorpha 100 parts
Kaolin 20 parts
Manioc waste 30 parts
Edible fungi residue 40 parts
Inorganic fertilizer 50 parts (urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Sodium orthomolybdate, gypsum and liquid urea formaldehyde weight ratio 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.15:1)
Bactericidal component 15 parts (stone-like omphalia, Fructus Cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum weight ratio 1:1:1:4:2:1),
Described topdressing is made up of the raw material of following weight part:
Urea (model is 44-0-0, nitrogen content >=44%), diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, gypsum and urea formaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1;
Described ear manuer is made up through urea formaldehyde coating of the raw material of following weight part:
Rare earth, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component (stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum weight ratio 1:1:1:1) 0.1:1:2:1.5:1:0.7;
Described insect disinfestation component is made up of the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio: stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum 1:1:1:1.
Above weight is dry weight.
Preparation method
The preparation method of the preparation method comprising base manure, the preparation method topdressed and ear manuer;
(1) preparation method of base manure comprises the following steps:
1. base manure raw material for standby is taken according to above-mentioned weight part and proportioning;
2. bactericidal component process: the stone-like omphalia taken, Fructus Cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum are added 3 times of water soakings 2 days, carries out solid-liquid separation, stand-by;
Solid is Chinese medicine slag, and liquid is middle drug filtrate, and the weight ratio that middle drug filtrate is concentrated into middle drug filtrate and liquid urea formaldehyde is 0.45:0.85;
3. the preparation of inorganic fertilizer:
A () is divided into two parts and sends into two storage hoppers after the urea taken, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Sodium orthomolybdate being mixed;
B (), by liquid urea formaldehyde and middle drug filtrate, after stirring, is divided into two parts and is sent to the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in coating machine and the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in tablets press respectively;
C raw material in one of them storage hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine by screw feeder by (), a taper decollator is had below screw feeder, the stock dispersion falling into coating machine can be become hollow round tubular, the urea formaldehyde diluent droplet that the solid material fallen and coating machine high-pressure atomization shower nozzle spray bumps against, liquid urea formaldehyde rapid solidification under ammonium chloride and hot wind action, forms wrapper small-particle;
D powder in wrapper small-particle obtained for step (c) and another storage hopper is formed material curtain by weight 1:1 ratio by () simultaneously; Urea formaldehyde liquid is sprayed on the material curtain in tablets press after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle; Under the rolling of tablets press cylinder, by the adhesive effect of urea formaldehyde liquid and ammonium chloride to the solidification of urea formaldehyde, form desirable complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particle; At the uniform velocity sent into by terra alba on the complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of tablets press, under the rolling of tablets press, terra alba divides in the urea formaldehyde release membranes being embedded in and being not yet cured;
E particle that () produces sends into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveying belt or lift, then sends into cooling in cooler, and then sieve, namely the finished product sieved out is inorganic fertilizer particle;
4. the livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk, Enteromorpha, kaolin, the manioc waste that will take, the Chinese medicine slag that 2. edible fungi residue and step obtain is sent into mixing machine and is mixed, and pulverizes, and is then sent in tablets press by the raw material after pulverizing and granulates, obtain organic fertilizer particles;
5. the organic fertilizer particles that 4. inorganic fertilizer particle step 3. obtained and step obtain mixes, and obtains base manure;
(4) preparation method topdressed comprises the following steps:
1. take according to above-mentioned proportioning raw material for standby of topdressing;
A () is divided into two parts and sends into two storage hoppers after the urea taken, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate being mixed;
B (), by liquid urea formaldehyde thin up, after stirring, is divided into two parts and is sent to the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in coating machine and the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in tablets press respectively; The weight ratio of described liquid urea formaldehyde and diluting water is 2:1;
C raw material in one of them storage hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine by screw feeder by (), a taper decollator is had below screw feeder, the stock dispersion falling into coating machine can be become hollow round tubular, the urea formaldehyde diluent droplet that the solid material fallen and coating machine high-pressure atomization shower nozzle spray bumps against, liquid urea formaldehyde rapid solidification under ammonium chloride and hot wind action, forms wrapper small-particle;
D powder in wrapper small-particle obtained for step (c) and another storage hopper is formed material curtain by weight 1:1 ratio by () simultaneously; Urea formaldehyde liquid is sprayed on the material curtain in tablets press after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle; Under the rolling of tablets press cylinder, by the adhesive effect of urea formaldehyde liquid and ammonium chloride to the solidification of urea formaldehyde, form desirable complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particle; At the uniform velocity sent into by terra alba on the complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of tablets press, under the rolling of tablets press, terra alba divides in the urea formaldehyde release membranes being embedded in and being not yet cured;
E particle that () produces sends into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveying belt or lift, then sends into cooling in cooler, and then sieve, namely the finished product sieved out topdresses;
(5) preparation method of ear manuer comprises the following steps:
1. base manure raw material for standby is taken according to above-mentioned weight part and proportioning;
2. insect disinfestation component process: the stone-like omphalia taken, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum are mixed, adds 0.5 times of water by fermentation 1 day, then dry, pulverize, granulate;
3. rare earth, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are mixed with the insect disinfestation component of granulation, obtain ear manuer.
Embodiment 2
A kind of corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, comprises base manure, topdresses, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up of the raw material of following weight part (dry weight):
300 parts, livestock and poultry muck
Wheat stalk 80 parts
Enteromorpha 80 parts
Kaolin 20 parts
Manioc waste 40 parts
Edible fungi residue 30 parts
Inorganic fertilizer 40 parts (urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Sodium orthomolybdate, gypsum and liquid urea formaldehyde weight ratio 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.15:1)
Bactericidal component 20 parts (stone-like omphalia, Fructus Cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum weight ratio 1:1:1:4:2:1),
Described topdressing is made up of the raw material of following weight part:
Urea (model is 44-0-0, nitrogen content >=44%), diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, gypsum and urea formaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1;
Described ear manuer is made up through urea formaldehyde coating of the raw material of following weight part:
Rare earth, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component (stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum weight ratio 1:1:1:1) 0.1:1:2:1.5:1:0.7;
Described insect disinfestation component is made up of the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio: stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum 1:1:1:1.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, comprises base manure, topdresses, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up of the raw material of following weight part (dry weight):
Described base manure is made up through urea formaldehyde coating of the raw material of following weight part: 100 parts, livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 120 parts, Enteromorpha 120 parts, kaolin 10 parts, manioc waste 20 parts, edible fungi residue 50 parts, inorganic fertilizer 40 parts, bactericidal component 10, the weight of above raw material is all with dry weight basis.
100 parts, livestock and poultry muck
Wheat stalk 120 parts
Enteromorpha 120 parts
Kaolin 10 parts
Manioc waste 20 parts
Edible fungi residue 50 parts
Inorganic fertilizer 40 parts (urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Sodium orthomolybdate, gypsum and liquid urea formaldehyde weight ratio 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.15:1)
Bactericidal component 10 parts (stone-like omphalia, Fructus Cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum weight ratio 1:1:1:4:2:1),
Described topdressing is made up of the raw material of following weight part:
Urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, gypsum and urea formaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1;
Described ear manuer is made up through urea formaldehyde coating of the raw material of following weight part:
Rare earth, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component (stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum weight ratio 1:1:1:1) 0.1:1:2:1.5:1:0.7;
Described insect disinfestation component is made up of the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio: stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum 1:1:1:1.
Above weight is dry weight.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Test in areas such as Zhangqiu, Shandong Province, Jining.
Experimental group and control group all set 3 groups.Fertile soil, water project situation is better, for examination object: corn.
Experimental group: experimental group is by method of the present invention, use corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer (embodiment 1,2,3 is corresponding experimental group 1,2,3 respectively) that the present invention produces, (1) apply fertilizer first: use base manure, use before sowing, amount of application is 100kg/ mu;
(2) secondary fertilising: use and topdress, after applying fertilizer 20 days first, amount of application is 10kg/ mu;
(3) three fertilisings: use and topdress, after secondary applies fertilizer 15 days, amount of application is 10kg/ mu;
(4) four fertilisings: use and topdress, three fertilisings are after 15 days, and amount of application is 10kg/ mu;
(5) five fertilisings: use ear manuer, apart from when taking out tassel 10-15 days, amount of application 40kg/ mu.
Control group: use commercially available composite fertilizer, uses mineral manure 160kg for every mu, divides and uses for 4 times, every minor tick 15 days.
Other management conditions are all consistent.
Experimental group and control group all carry out 3 groups of Experimental Comparisons, and experimental result sees the following form 1 and table 2.
Table 1. corn contrast and experiment
Table 2 fungi infestation situation record
| Group | Fungi infestation rate |
| Experimental group 1 | 0.06％ |
| Experimental group 2 | 0.1％ |
| Experimental group 3 | 0.02％ |
| Control group | 14.2％ |
3. with the addition of insect disinfestation component (stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum) in corn of the present invention special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer ear manuer, effectively prevented and treated the generation of maize kernel rot, thus side adds the output of corn.
Table 3 ear rot incidence record
| Group | Ear rot sickness rate |
| Experimental group 1 | 0.2％ |
| Experimental group 2 | 0.15％ |
| Experimental group 3 | 0.08％ |
| Control group | 25.2％ |
Use corn of the present invention special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, to corn, there is obvious production-increasing function.Experimental group is compared with control group, and average mu stimulation ratio is respectively 55.6%, 50.8%, 57.1%, average stimulation ratio 54.5%.And soil quality increases, the infiltration of soil, water conservation, venting capability strengthen, and soil-borne disease insect pest significantly reduces, and the quality of corn is also significantly increased, visual inspection, and outward appearance is better.
Contrast is used fertilizer of the present invention and is used commercially available common chemical fertilizer, and use 3 years, soil quality significantly improves, and the infiltration of soil, water conservation, venting capability strengthen.Soil-borne disease insect pest phenomenon does not occur.
Claims (8)
1. corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprise base manure, topdress, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up of the raw material of following weight part: livestock and poultry muck 100-300 part, wheat stalk 80-120 part, Enteromorpha 80-120 part, kaolin 10-30 part, manioc waste 20-40 part, edible fungi residue 30-50 part, inorganic fertilizer 40-70 part, bactericidal component 10-20 part, the weight of above raw material is all with dry weight basis;
Described inorganic fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Sodium orthomolybdate, gypsum and liquid urea formaldehyde 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.15:1;
Described bactericidal component is made up of the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio: stone-like omphalia, Fructus Cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum 1:1:1:4:2:1;
Described topdressing is made up of the raw material of following weight part: urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, gypsum and urea formaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1;
Described ear manuer is made up of the raw material of following weight part: rare earth, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component 0.1:1:2:1.5:1:0.7;
Described insect disinfestation component is made up of the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio: stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum 1:1:1:1.
2. a kind of corn according to claim 1 special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprise base manure, topdress, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up of the raw material of following weight part: 200 parts, livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 100 parts, Enteromorpha 100 parts, kaolin 20 parts, manioc waste 30 parts, edible fungi residue 40 parts, inorganic fertilizer 50 parts, bactericidal component 15 parts, the weight of above raw material is all with dry weight basis.
3. a kind of corn according to claim 1 special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprise base manure, topdress, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up through urea formaldehyde coating of the raw material of following weight part: 300 parts, livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 80 parts, Enteromorpha 80 parts, kaolin 30 parts, manioc waste 40 parts, edible fungi residue 30 parts, inorganic fertilizer 40 parts, bactericidal component 20 parts, the weight of above raw material is all with dry weight basis.
4. a kind of corn according to claim 1 special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprise base manure, topdress, ear manuer;
Described base manure is made up through urea formaldehyde coating of the raw material of following weight part: 100 parts, livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 120 parts, Enteromorpha 120 parts, kaolin 10 parts, manioc waste 20 parts, edible fungi residue 50 parts, inorganic fertilizer 40 parts, bactericidal component 10 parts, the weight of above raw material is all with dry weight basis.
5. a kind of corn according to claim 1 special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, described in topdress in urea be commercial resins coated carbamide.
6., according to the preparation method of the arbitrary described a kind of corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of the preparation method comprising base manure, the preparation method topdressed and ear manuer;
(1) preparation method of base manure comprises the following steps:
1. base manure raw material for standby is taken according to the arbitrary described weight part of claim 1-5 and proportioning;
2. bactericidal component process: the stone-like omphalia taken, Fructus Cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum are added 3 times of water soakings 2 days, carries out solid-liquid separation, stand-by;
Solid is Chinese medicine slag, and liquid is middle drug filtrate, and the weight ratio that middle drug filtrate is concentrated into middle drug filtrate and liquid urea formaldehyde is 0.45:0.85;
3. the preparation of inorganic fertilizer:
A () is divided into two parts and sends into two storage hoppers after the urea taken, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, zinc sulfate, Sodium orthomolybdate being mixed;
B (), by liquid urea formaldehyde and middle drug filtrate, after stirring, is divided into two parts and is sent to the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in coating machine and the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in tablets press respectively;
C raw material in one of them storage hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine by screw feeder by (), a taper decollator is had below screw feeder, the stock dispersion falling into coating machine can be become hollow round tubular, the urea formaldehyde diluent droplet that the solid material fallen and coating machine high-pressure atomization shower nozzle spray bumps against, liquid urea formaldehyde rapid solidification under ammonium chloride and hot wind action, forms wrapper small-particle;
D powder in wrapper small-particle obtained for step (c) and another storage hopper is formed material curtain by weight 1:1 ratio by () simultaneously; Urea formaldehyde liquid is sprayed on the material curtain in tablets press after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle; Under the rolling of tablets press cylinder, by the adhesive effect of urea formaldehyde liquid and ammonium chloride to the solidification of urea formaldehyde, form desirable complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particle; At the uniform velocity sent into by terra alba on the complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of tablets press, under the rolling of tablets press, terra alba divides in the urea formaldehyde release membranes being embedded in and being not yet cured;
E particle that () produces sends into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveying belt or lift, then sends into cooling in cooler, and then sieve, namely the finished product sieved out is inorganic fertilizer particle;
4. the livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk, Enteromorpha, kaolin, the manioc waste that will take, the Chinese medicine slag that 2. edible fungi residue and step obtain is sent into mixing machine and is mixed, and pulverizes, and is then sent in tablets press by the raw material after pulverizing and granulates, obtain organic fertilizer particles;
5. the organic fertilizer particles that 4. inorganic fertilizer particle step 3. obtained and step obtain mixes, and obtains base manure;
(4) preparation method topdressed comprises the following steps:
1. take according to the arbitrary described proportioning of claim 1-5 raw material for standby of topdressing;
A () is divided into two parts and sends into two storage hoppers after the urea taken, diammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, Repone K, potassium sulfate being mixed;
B (), by liquid urea formaldehyde thin up, after stirring, is divided into two parts and is sent to the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in coating machine and the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in tablets press respectively; The weight ratio of described liquid urea formaldehyde and diluting water is 2:1;
C raw material in one of them storage hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine by screw feeder by (), a taper decollator is had below screw feeder, the stock dispersion falling into coating machine can be become hollow round tubular, the urea formaldehyde diluent droplet that the solid material fallen and coating machine high-pressure atomization shower nozzle spray bumps against, liquid urea formaldehyde rapid solidification under ammonium chloride and hot wind action, forms wrapper small-particle;
D powder in wrapper small-particle obtained for step (c) and another storage hopper is formed material curtain by weight 1:1 ratio by () simultaneously; Urea formaldehyde liquid is sprayed on the material curtain in tablets press after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle; Under the rolling of tablets press cylinder, by the adhesive effect of urea formaldehyde liquid and ammonium chloride to the solidification of urea formaldehyde, form desirable complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particle; At the uniform velocity sent into by terra alba on the complexing urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of tablets press, under the rolling of tablets press, terra alba divides in the urea formaldehyde release membranes being embedded in and being not yet cured;
E particle that () produces sends into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveying belt or lift, then sends into cooling in cooler, and then sieve, namely the finished product sieved out topdresses;
(5) preparation method of ear manuer comprises the following steps:
1. base manure raw material for standby is taken according to the arbitrary described weight part of claim 1-5 and proportioning;
2. insect disinfestation component process: the stone-like omphalia taken, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, pyrethrum are mixed, adds 0.5 times of water by fermentation 1 day, then dry, pulverize, granulate;
3. rare earth, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are mixed with the insect disinfestation component of granulation, obtain ear manuer.
7. the preparation method of corn according to claim 6 special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer, is characterized in that, step (1) 3. in twice spraying in, each quantity for spray of pure urea formaldehyde liquid is all 1/2 of total amount; The polycondensation rate of liquid urea formaldehyde used should control at 10%-20%, and terra alba used should be not less than 500 orders.
8. according to the application process of the arbitrary described corn special pair of film dual control slow-release fertilizer of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, apply fertilizer 5 times altogether, concrete method of application is as follows:
(1) apply fertilizer first: use base manure, use before sowing, amount of application is 100kg/ mu;
(2) secondary fertilising: use and topdress, after applying fertilizer 20 days first, amount of application is 10kg/ mu;
(3) three fertilisings: use and topdress, after secondary applies fertilizer 15 days, amount of application is 10kg/ mu;
(4) four fertilisings: use and topdress, three fertilisings are after 15 days, and amount of application is 10kg/ mu;
(5) five fertilisings: use ear manuer, apart from when taking out tassel 10-15 days, amount of application 40kg/ mu.
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| CN110574644A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-17 | 广东省生物工程研究所（广州甘蔗糖业研究所） | Green planting method for fruit corn |
| CN115141042A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-10-04 | 王会宝 | Organic fertilizer production process |
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| CN105036996B (en) | 2018-01-30 |
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