CN105036996B - A kind of special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of a kind of corn and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of fertilizers, including base manure, top dressing, ear manuer；The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk, Enteromorpha, kaolin, manioc waste, edible fungi residue, inorganic fertilizer, bactericidal component, the weight of above raw material is in terms of dry weight；The top dressing is made up of following raw material：Urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, gypsum and ureaformaldehyde；The ear manuer is made up of following raw material：Rare earth, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component.After being applied using the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of the corn of the present invention, the yield of corn can be greatly increased, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of a kind of corn and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of fertilizers.
Background technology
Corn is the seed of gramineous herbaceous plant maize, there is plantation all over China, especially with northeast, North China and southwest
Each province is more.According to statistics, american corn yield in 2012 is 272,432 kilotons, and corn consumption figure is 254,444 kilotons, is complete
The maximum corn production and marketing state of ball, Chinese volume of production and marketing in 2012 are only second to the U.S., the kiloton of Chinese maize yield 200,000 in 2012,
Consume 201,000 kilotons.Brazil is the third-largest Maize Production state in the whole world, the kiloton of yield 70,000.Corn is the guarantor in coarse food grain
Strong good merchantable brand, food corn are rather favourable to the health of human body.Determine according to the study, every 106 kilocalories of 100 grams of corn heat content, cellulose
2.9 grams, 4.0 grams of protein, 1.2 grams of fat, 22.8 grams of carbohydrate, separately containing mineral matter element and vitamin etc..In corn
The crude fibre contained is higher 4-10 times than polished rice, smart face.Also contain a large amount of magnesium in corn, magnesium can strengthen intestinal wall wriggling, promote body
The excretion of waste.Corn is Chinese first generalized grain crop, and corn plays an important role in China's grain security, is
Important forage crop, it is the important source material of the industries such as food, chemical industry, fuel, medicine again.Therefore, its importance gets most of the attention.
China begins one's study the production technology of sustained-controll-release fertiliser from the eighties in last century, and obtains important breakthrough.According to system
Meter, the more common chemical fertilizer of utilization rate of sustained-controll-release fertiliser improve more than 60%, reduce thousand grams/acre of fertilizer amount 10-15, can be peasant
Cost-saving synergistic 75-127 members/mu.Meanwhile the stream of a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus elements caused by excessive fertilization is avoided using sustained-controll-release fertiliser
Lose, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, its economic, society, environmental benefit are fairly obvious.
Nearly 2 years, the research and development and production development of domestic sustained-controll-release fertiliser were very fast, and particularly the development of coating slow-release or control-release fertilizer is more
To advance by leaps and bounds, and coating material be mostly be difficult to degrade, the plastic resin of the high contaminated soil of cost and a large amount of using easily
Make the sulphur of soil acidification.
During corn planting, corn rust, corn southern leaf blight, the leaf blight of corn, Helminthosporium carbonum, maize virus disease and
The fungal infection class disease such as corn mosaic, the generation of maize kernel rot, leverage the yield of corn.It is rotten for corncob
Disease, by sick seed dark brown or bronzing, 100-grain weight reduces by more than 1/2, deterioration.After people and animals are edible poisoning can be caused anti-
Should, experimental observation：When 20% ill seed is mixed into raw grain, mouthfeel is puckery bitter, sour smelly when people is edible, and excessive eat occurs four
The symptoms such as myasthenia of limbs, heating, Nausea and vomiting, abdomen rise, suffered from abdominal pain, dizziness；Occur diarrhoea when the domestic animals such as horse, mule, donkey, pig are feeding, refuse
Food, phenomena such as speed of growth slows down；Appetite decline after sheep, chicken are feeding, and there is phenomena such as hen laying rate decline；Band in raw grain
There is infected seed, commodity value reduces 0.2-0.4 members/kg, and infected seed is carried in seed, and application rate increases by 1 times.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of a kind of corn and preparation method thereof.
Corn is most to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium demand, and the time of infertility is most with nitrogen to the uptake of three elements, and potassium takes second place, phosphorus compared with
It is few.Therefore the fertilising of corn is based on lift-augmented mechanism, compounding application phosphorus potash fertilizer.In general seedling stage (1-6 leaf) growth is slow, plants
Strain is small, and the nutrient of absorption is also few, and dose now should account for 10% of fertilizer amount or so.Jointing to florescence (7-16 leaf) grows
Quickly, now exactly female tassel forms developmental stage, and absorption nutrient speed is fast, quantity is more, is the critical period that plant needs nutrient,
The nutriment of abundance is supplied at this moment, can promote that fringe is more, fringe is big.Dose now should account for 60% or so of total fertilizer amount,
Later stage (after 17 leaves) infiltration rate is slowed down gradually, and uptake is also reduced.Dose should account for 20% or so of total fertilizer amount.Nitrogen, phosphorus,
Potassium applicating ratio is typically 3:1:2.8 left and right.Phosphorus, potash fertilizer should be applied in early stage.If fertilizer amount is insufficient, should be used primarily in jointing and
Florescence.
The technical solution adopted for solving the technical problem of the present invention is：
A kind of special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn, it is characterized in that, including base manure, top dressing, ear manuer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Livestock and poultry muck 100-300 parts, wheat stalk 80-120 parts, waterside
Tongue 80-120 parts, kaolin 10-30 parts, manioc waste 20-40 parts, edible fungi residue 30-50 parts, inorganic fertilizer 40-70 parts, sterilization group
Divide 10-20 parts, the weight of above raw material is in terms of dry weight；
The inorganic fertilizer by following weight than raw material form：Urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate,
Ammonium magnesium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, gypsum and liquid ureaformaldehyde 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:
0.1:0.1:0.1:0.15:1；
The bactericidal component by following weight than Chinese medicine form：Stone-like omphalia, frutus cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, remove
Worm chrysanthemum 1:1:1:4:2:1；
The top dressing is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, stone
Cream and ureaformaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1；
The ear manuer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Rare earth, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component 0.1:
1:2:1.5:1:0.7；
The insect disinfestation component by following weight than Chinese medicine form：Stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 1:1:1:1.
Further, including base manure, top dressing, ear manuer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：200 parts of livestock and poultry muck, 100 parts of wheat stalk, 100 parts of Enteromorpha,
20 parts of kaolin, 30 parts of manioc waste, 40 parts of edible fungi residue, 50 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 15 parts of bactericidal component, the weight of above raw material is equal
In terms of dry weight.
Further, including base manure, top dressing, ear manuer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight through ureaformaldehyde coating：300 parts of livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 80
Part, 80 parts of Enteromorpha, 30 parts of kaolin, 40 parts of manioc waste, 30 parts of edible fungi residue, 40 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 20 parts of bactericidal component, the above
The weight of raw material is in terms of dry weight.
Further, including base manure, top dressing, ear manuer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight through ureaformaldehyde coating：100 parts of livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 120
Part, 120 parts of Enteromorpha, 10 parts of kaolin, 20 parts of manioc waste, 50 parts of edible fungi residue, 40 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 10 parts of bactericidal component, with
The weight of upper raw material is in terms of dry weight.
Urea in the top dressing is commercial resins coated carbamide.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn, it is characterized in that, including base manure
Preparation method, the preparation method of the preparation method of top dressing and ear manuer；
(1) preparation method of base manure comprises the following steps：
1. weigh base manure raw material for standby according to above-mentioned parts by weight and proportioning；
2. bactericidal component is handled：The stone-like omphalia weighed, frutus cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum are added into 3 times of water loggings
Bubble 2 days, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, it is stand-by；
Solid is Chinese medicine slag, and liquid is middle drug filtrate, and middle drug filtrate is concentrated into the weight of middle drug filtrate and liquid ureaformaldehyde
Than for 0.45：0.85；
3. the preparation of inorganic fertilizer：
(a) by the urea weighed, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, sulfuric acid
Two parts of feedings, two storage bin hoppers are divided into after manganese, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate are well mixed；
(b) by liquid ureaformaldehyde and middle drug filtrate, after stirring, two parts of height being sent to respectively in coating machine are divided into
Press the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in atomizer and comminutor；
(c) raw material in one of storage bin hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine, screw feeder lower section by screw feeder
There is a taper disperser, can will fall into the stock dispersion of coating machine into hollow round tubular, the solid material fallen is high with coating machine
The ureaformaldehyde dilution droplet for pressing atomizer to spray bumps against, and liquid ureaformaldehyde is solid rapidly in the presence of ammonium chloride and hot blast
Change, form wrapper little particle；
(d) by the powder made from step (c) in wrapper little particle and another storage bin hopper by weight 1:1 ratio is simultaneously
Form material curtain；On the material curtain that ureaformaldehyde liquid is sprayed in comminutor after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle；It is being granulated machine cylinder
Under rolling, by the adhesive effect and ammonium chloride of ureaformaldehyde liquid to the solidification of ureaformaldehyde, preferably complexing urea first is formed
Aldehyde slow release fertilizer particle；Land plaster is at the uniform velocity sent on the complexing ureaformaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of comminutor, in comminutor
Rolling under, land plaster point is in the ureaformaldehyde release membranes being not yet cured；
(e) particle produced is sent into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveyer belt or elevator, is re-fed into cold in cooler
But, then sieved, the finished product screened out is inorganic fertilizer particle；
2. 4. livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk, Enteromorpha, kaolin, the manioc waste that will weigh, edible fungi residue and step obtain
Chinese medicine slag be sent into mixer and be well mixed, crush, then raw material after crushing be sent into comminutor and pelletized, obtains organic fertilizer
Particle；
5. 3. inorganic fertilizer particle that step obtains and 4. organic fertilizer particles that step obtains are well mixed, base manure is produced；
(4) preparation method of top dressing comprises the following steps：
1. top dressing raw material for standby is weighed according to above-mentioned proportioning；
(a) after being well mixed the urea weighed, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate two parts are divided into send
Enter two storage bin hoppers；
(b) liquid ureaformaldehyde is diluted with water, after stirring, is divided into two parts of high pressures being sent to respectively in coating machine
High-pressure atomization shower nozzle in atomizer and comminutor；The weight ratio of the liquid ureaformaldehyde and thinned water is 2:1；
(c) raw material in one of storage bin hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine, screw feeder lower section by screw feeder
There is a taper disperser, can will fall into the stock dispersion of coating machine into hollow round tubular, the solid material fallen is high with coating machine
The ureaformaldehyde dilution droplet for pressing atomizer to spray bumps against, and liquid ureaformaldehyde is solid rapidly in the presence of ammonium chloride and hot blast
Change, form wrapper little particle；
(d) by the powder made from step (c) in wrapper little particle and another storage bin hopper by weight 1:1 ratio is simultaneously
Form material curtain；On the material curtain that ureaformaldehyde liquid is sprayed in comminutor after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle；It is being granulated machine cylinder
Under rolling, by the adhesive effect and ammonium chloride of ureaformaldehyde liquid to the solidification of ureaformaldehyde, preferably complexing urea first is formed
Aldehyde slow release fertilizer particle；Land plaster is at the uniform velocity sent on the complexing ureaformaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of comminutor, in comminutor
Rolling under, land plaster point is in the ureaformaldehyde release membranes being not yet cured；
(e) particle produced is sent into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveyer belt or elevator, is re-fed into cold in cooler
But, then sieved, the finished product screened out is top dressing；
(5) preparation method of ear manuer comprises the following steps：
1. weigh base manure raw material for standby according to above-mentioned parts by weight and proportioning；
2. insect disinfestation component is handled：The stone-like omphalia weighed, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum are mixed, add 0.5 times of water by fermentation 1
My god, it then dry, pulverize, pelletize；
3. rare earth, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate are well mixed with the insect disinfestation component pelletized, ear manuer is produced.
Further, step (1) 3. in spraying twice in, each quantity for spray of pure ureaformaldehyde liquid is all the 1/2 of total amount；
The polycondensation rate of liquid ureaformaldehyde used should be controlled in 10%-20%, and land plaster used should be not less than 500 mesh.
Present invention also offers a kind of application process of the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn, it is characterized in that, apply fertilizer 5 altogether
Secondary, specific method of application is as follows：
(1) apply fertilizer first：Using base manure, applied before sowing, amount of application is 100kg/ mus；
(2) secondary fertilising：Using top dressing, after applying fertilizer 20 days first, amount of application is 10kg/ mus；
(3) apply fertilizer three times：Using top dressing, it is secondary fertilising 15 days after, amount of application is 10kg/ mus；
(4) four fertilisings：Using top dressing, after applying fertilizer 15 days three times, amount of application is 10kg/ mus；
(5) five fertilisings：Using ear manuer, during away from taking out tassel 10-15 days, amount of application 40kg/ mus.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn of the present invention are prepared according to the fertilizer requirement of corn, it is beautiful to be more beneficial for increase
The yield of rice, after fertilizer of the invention, corn yield highest can increase by 57.1%.
2. it with the addition of bactericidal component (stone-like omphalia, frutus cnidii, hardship in the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizer base manure of corn of the present invention
Ginseng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum), corn rust, corn southern leaf blight, the leaf blight of corn, Helminthosporium carbonum, jade can be prevented and treated
The rice fungal infection class disease such as virosis and corn mosaic, meanwhile, bactericidal component also has the function that desinsection, is applied with base manure
Enter, just avoid the generation of pest and disease damage as far as possible from initial planting.
3. it with the addition of insect disinfestation component (stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, hardship in the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizer ear manuer of corn of the present invention
Chinaberry, Dalmatian chrysanthemum), the generation of maize kernel rot is effectively prevented and treated, so as to which side adds the yield of corn.
4. slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention is solvay-type ureaformaldehyde slow release fertilizer, the rate of release of fertilizer is outer layer in its film
Slightly fast, nexine is relatively slow, and it is small so can fully to adapt to crop fertilizer application amount early stage, the big characteristic of middle and later periods fertilizer application amount.The slow-release fertilizer
Membrane shell components ureaformaldehyde and land plaster are all the slow release fertilizer that can slowly degrade, and avoid sulphur pollution, and with the rise two of temperature
The swelling ratio and degradation rate of person all increases therewith, so that the release aperture of fertilizer is gradually increased on coating, the release rate of fertilizer increases
Height, and accelerate with the speed of growth of the rise plant of temperature, fertilizer requirement increase, the release feature just life with crop of the fertilizer
Long uptake characters are adapted, and the utilization rate of raising fertilizer that so can be effectively, realize that single-dose application meets crop whole growth period
To the demand of the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulphur, it can also make time saving peasant, saving of labor, laborsaving, reduction production cost, reduce pollution,
Preserve the ecological environment.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, with reference to the embodiment content that the present invention is furture elucidated, but the present invention
Content is not limited solely to the following examples, and embodiment is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn, including base manure, top dressing, ear manuer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight (dry weight)：
200 parts of livestock and poultry muck
100 parts of wheat stalk
100 parts of Enteromorpha
20 parts of kaolin
30 parts of manioc waste
40 parts of edible fungi residue
Inorganic fertilizer 50 parts of (urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, sulfuric acid
Manganese, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, gypsum and liquid ureaformaldehyde weight ratio 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:
0.15:1)
(stone-like omphalia, frutus cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum weight are than 1 for 15 parts of bactericidal component:1:1:4:2:1),
The top dressing is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：
Urea (model 44-0-0, nitrogen content >=44%), Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, gypsum and
Ureaformaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1；
The ear manuer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight through ureaformaldehyde coating：
(stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum weight are than 1 for rare earth, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component:
1:1:1)0.1:1:2:1.5:1:0.7；
The insect disinfestation component by following weight than Chinese medicine form：Stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 1:1:1:1.
Above weight is dry weight.
Preparation method
The preparation method of preparation method, top dressing and the preparation method of ear manuer including base manure；
(1) preparation method of base manure comprises the following steps：
1. weigh base manure raw material for standby according to above-mentioned parts by weight and proportioning；
2. bactericidal component is handled：The stone-like omphalia weighed, frutus cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum are added into 3 times of water loggings
Bubble 2 days, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, it is stand-by；
Solid is Chinese medicine slag, and liquid is middle drug filtrate, and middle drug filtrate is concentrated into the weight of middle drug filtrate and liquid ureaformaldehyde
Than for 0.45：0.85；
3. the preparation of inorganic fertilizer：
(a) by the urea weighed, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, sulfuric acid
Two parts of feedings, two storage bin hoppers are divided into after manganese, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate are well mixed；
(b) by liquid ureaformaldehyde and middle drug filtrate, after stirring, two parts of height being sent to respectively in coating machine are divided into
Press the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in atomizer and comminutor；
(c) raw material in one of storage bin hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine, screw feeder lower section by screw feeder
There is a taper disperser, can will fall into the stock dispersion of coating machine into hollow round tubular, the solid material fallen is high with coating machine
The ureaformaldehyde dilution droplet for pressing atomizer to spray bumps against, and liquid ureaformaldehyde is solid rapidly in the presence of ammonium chloride and hot blast
Change, form wrapper little particle；
(d) by the powder made from step (c) in wrapper little particle and another storage bin hopper by weight 1:1 ratio is simultaneously
Form material curtain；On the material curtain that ureaformaldehyde liquid is sprayed in comminutor after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle；It is being granulated machine cylinder
Under rolling, by the adhesive effect and ammonium chloride of ureaformaldehyde liquid to the solidification of ureaformaldehyde, preferably complexing urea first is formed
Aldehyde slow release fertilizer particle；Land plaster is at the uniform velocity sent on the complexing ureaformaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of comminutor, in comminutor
Rolling under, land plaster point is in the ureaformaldehyde release membranes being not yet cured；
(e) particle produced is sent into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveyer belt or elevator, is re-fed into cold in cooler
But, then sieved, the finished product screened out is inorganic fertilizer particle；
2. 4. livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk, Enteromorpha, kaolin, the manioc waste that will weigh, edible fungi residue and step obtain
Chinese medicine slag be sent into mixer and be well mixed, crush, then raw material after crushing be sent into comminutor and pelletized, obtains organic fertilizer
Particle；
5. 3. inorganic fertilizer particle that step obtains and 4. organic fertilizer particles that step obtains are well mixed, base manure is produced；
(4) preparation method of top dressing comprises the following steps：
1. top dressing raw material for standby is weighed according to above-mentioned proportioning；
(a) after being well mixed the urea weighed, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate two parts are divided into send
Enter two storage bin hoppers；
(b) liquid ureaformaldehyde is diluted with water, after stirring, is divided into two parts of high pressures being sent to respectively in coating machine
High-pressure atomization shower nozzle in atomizer and comminutor；The weight ratio of the liquid ureaformaldehyde and thinned water is 2:1；
(c) raw material in one of storage bin hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine, screw feeder lower section by screw feeder
There is a taper disperser, can will fall into the stock dispersion of coating machine into hollow round tubular, the solid material fallen is high with coating machine
The ureaformaldehyde dilution droplet for pressing atomizer to spray bumps against, and liquid ureaformaldehyde is solid rapidly in the presence of ammonium chloride and hot blast
Change, form wrapper little particle；
(d) by the powder made from step (c) in wrapper little particle and another storage bin hopper by weight 1:1 ratio is simultaneously
Form material curtain；On the material curtain that ureaformaldehyde liquid is sprayed in comminutor after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle；It is being granulated machine cylinder
Under rolling, by the adhesive effect and ammonium chloride of ureaformaldehyde liquid to the solidification of ureaformaldehyde, preferably complexing urea first is formed
Aldehyde slow release fertilizer particle；Land plaster is at the uniform velocity sent on the complexing ureaformaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of comminutor, in comminutor
Rolling under, land plaster point is in the ureaformaldehyde release membranes being not yet cured；
(e) particle produced is sent into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveyer belt or elevator, is re-fed into cold in cooler
But, then sieved, the finished product screened out is top dressing；
(5) preparation method of ear manuer comprises the following steps：
1. weigh base manure raw material for standby according to above-mentioned parts by weight and proportioning；
2. insect disinfestation component is handled：The stone-like omphalia weighed, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum are mixed, add 0.5 times of water by fermentation 1
My god, it then dry, pulverize, pelletize；
3. rare earth, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate are well mixed with the insect disinfestation component pelletized, ear manuer is produced.
Embodiment 2
A kind of special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn, including base manure, top dressing, ear manuer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight (dry weight)：
300 parts of livestock and poultry muck
80 parts of wheat stalk
80 parts of Enteromorpha
20 parts of kaolin
40 parts of manioc waste
30 parts of edible fungi residue
Inorganic fertilizer 40 parts of (urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, sulfuric acid
Manganese, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, gypsum and liquid ureaformaldehyde weight ratio 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:
0.15:1)
(stone-like omphalia, frutus cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum weight are than 1 for 20 parts of bactericidal component:1:1:4:2:1),
The top dressing is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：
Urea (model 44-0-0, nitrogen content >=44%), Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, gypsum and
Ureaformaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1；
The ear manuer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight through ureaformaldehyde coating：
(stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum weight are than 1 for rare earth, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component:
1:1:1)0.1:1:2:1.5:1:0.7；
The insect disinfestation component by following weight than Chinese medicine form：Stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 1:1:1:1.
Preparation method is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn, including base manure, top dressing, ear manuer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight (dry weight)：
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight through ureaformaldehyde coating：100 parts of livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk 120
Part, 120 parts of Enteromorpha, 10 parts of kaolin, 20 parts of manioc waste, 50 parts of edible fungi residue, 40 parts of inorganic fertilizer, bactericidal component 10, the above
The weight of raw material is in terms of dry weight.
100 parts of livestock and poultry muck
120 parts of wheat stalk
120 parts of Enteromorpha
10 parts of kaolin
20 parts of manioc waste
50 parts of edible fungi residue
Inorganic fertilizer 40 parts of (urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, sulfuric acid
Manganese, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, gypsum and liquid ureaformaldehyde weight ratio 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:0.1:
0.15:1)
(stone-like omphalia, frutus cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum weight are than 1 for 10 parts of bactericidal component:1:1:4:2:1),
The top dressing is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：
Urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, gypsum and ureaformaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1；
The ear manuer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight through ureaformaldehyde coating：
(stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum weight are than 1 for rare earth, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component:
1:1:1)0.1:1:2:1.5:1:0.7；
The insect disinfestation component by following weight than Chinese medicine form：Stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 1:1:1:1.
Above weight is dry weight.
Preparation method is the same as embodiment 1.
Tested in areas such as Shandong Province Zhangqiu, Jining.
Experimental group and control group set 3 groups.Fertile soil, water project situation is preferable, for trying object：Corn.
Experimental group：Experimental group presses method of the present invention, is sustained using the special double film dual controls of corn produced by the invention
Fertile (embodiment 1,2,3 corresponds to experimental group 1,2,3 respectively), (1) applies fertilizer first：Using base manure, applied before sowing, amount of application is
100kg/ mus；
(2) secondary fertilising：Using top dressing, after applying fertilizer 20 days first, amount of application is 10kg/ mus；
(3) apply fertilizer three times：Using top dressing, it is secondary fertilising 15 days after, amount of application is 10kg/ mus；
(4) four fertilisings：Using top dressing, after applying fertilizer 15 days three times, amount of application is 10kg/ mus；
(5) five fertilisings：Using ear manuer, during away from taking out tassel 10-15 days, amount of application 40kg/ mus.
Control group：Using commercially available composite fertilizer, every mu is applied inorganic fertilizer 160kg, point 4 administrations, every minor tick 15 days.
Other management conditions are consistent.
Experimental group and control group carry out 3 groups of Experimental Comparisons, and experimental result sees below Tables 1 and 2.
The corn contrast and experiment of table 1.
The fungal infection situation of table 2 records
| Group | Fungal infection rate |
| Experimental group 1 | 0.06% |
| Experimental group 2 | 0.1% |
| Experimental group 3 | 0.02% |
| Control group | 14.2% |
3. it with the addition of insect disinfestation component (stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, hardship in the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizer ear manuer of corn of the present invention
Chinaberry, Dalmatian chrysanthemum), the generation of maize kernel rot is effectively prevented and treated, so as to which side adds the yield of corn.
The ear rot incidence of table 3 records
| Group | The ear rot incidence of disease |
| Experimental group 1 | 0.2% |
| Experimental group 2 | 0.15% |
| Experimental group 3 | 0.08% |
| Control group | 25.2% |
There is obvious production-increasing function to corn using the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn of the present invention.Experimental group and control
Group is compared, and average mu rate of growth is respectively 55.6%, 50.8%, 57.1%, average rate of growth 54.5%.And soil quality has
Improved, infiltration, water conservation, the venting capability enhancing of soil, soil-borne disease insect pest are significantly reduced, and the quality of corn, which also has, significantly to be carried
Height, visually observe, outward appearance is preferable.
Contrast applies fertilizer of the present invention and applies commercially available common chemical fertilizer, and using 3 years, soil quality significantly improved, soil
Infiltration, water conservation, venting capability enhancing.Soil-borne disease insect pest phenomenon does not occur.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn, it is characterized in that, including base manure, top dressing, ear manuer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Livestock and poultry muck 100-300 parts, wheat stalk 80-120 parts, Enteromorpha 80-
120 parts, kaolin 10-30 parts, manioc waste 20-40 parts, edible fungi residue 30-50 parts, inorganic fertilizer 40-70 parts, bactericidal component 10-
20 parts, the weight of above raw material is in terms of dry weight；
The inorganic fertilizer by following weight than raw material form：Urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, phosphoric acid
Ammonium magnesium, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, gypsum and liquid ureaformaldehyde 2:1:1:1.5:1.5:0.1:0.1:0.1:
0.1:0.1:0.15:1；
The bactericidal component by following weight than Chinese medicine form：Stone-like omphalia, frutus cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum
1:1:1:4:2:1；
The top dressing is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, gypsum and
Ureaformaldehyde 2:1:1:2:1.5:0.8:1；
The ear manuer is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Rare earth, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, insect disinfestation component 0.1:1:2:
1.5:1:0.7；
The insect disinfestation component by following weight than Chinese medicine form：Stone-like omphalia, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 1:1:1:1
The special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn are prepared by following methods：
（1）The preparation method of base manure comprises the following steps：
1. weigh base manure raw material for standby；
2. bactericidal component is handled：The stone-like omphalia weighed, frutus cnidii, kuh-seng, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum are added into 3 times of water immersions 2
My god, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, it is stand-by；
Solid is Chinese medicine slag, and liquid is middle drug filtrate, and the weight ratio that middle drug filtrate is concentrated into middle drug filtrate and liquid ureaformaldehyde is
0.45：0.85；
3. the preparation of inorganic fertilizer：
（a）By the urea weighed, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate,
Two parts of feedings, two storage bin hoppers are divided into after zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate are well mixed；
（b）By liquid ureaformaldehyde and middle drug filtrate, after stirring, the two parts of high pressure being sent to respectively in coating machine mists are divided into
Change the high-pressure atomization shower nozzle in shower nozzle and comminutor；
（c）The raw material in one of storage bin hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine by screw feeder, has one below screw feeder
Taper disperser, the stock dispersion of coating machine can will be fallen into hollow round tubular, the solid material fallen and coating machine high pressure mist
Change the ureaformaldehyde dilution droplet that shower nozzle sprays to bump against, liquid ureaformaldehyde solidifies rapidly in the presence of ammonium chloride and hot blast, shape
Into wrapper little particle；
（d）By step（c）Powder in obtained wrapper little particle and another storage bin hopper is by weight 1:1 ratio while shape
Into material curtain；On the material curtain that ureaformaldehyde liquid is sprayed in comminutor after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle；It is being granulated the rolling of machine cylinder
Under dynamic, by the adhesive effect and ammonium chloride of ureaformaldehyde liquid to the solidification of ureaformaldehyde, preferably complexing ureaformaldehyde is formed
Slow release fertilizer particle；Land plaster is at the uniform velocity sent on the complexing ureaformaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of comminutor, in comminutor
Under rolling, land plaster point is in the ureaformaldehyde release membranes being not yet cured；
（e）The particle produced is sent into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveyer belt or elevator, is re-fed into cooler and cools down, so
After sieved, the finished product screened out is inorganic fertilizer particle；
What 2. 4. livestock and poultry muck, wheat stalk, Enteromorpha, kaolin, the manioc waste that will weigh, edible fungi residue and step obtained
Chinese medicine slag is sent into mixer and is well mixed, and crushes, and then the raw material after crushing is sent into comminutor and pelletized, obtains organic fertilizer
Grain；
5. 3. inorganic fertilizer particle that step obtains and 4. organic fertilizer particles that step obtains are well mixed, base manure is produced；
（4）The preparation method of top dressing comprises the following steps：
1. weigh top dressing raw material for standby；
（a）Two parts, which are divided into, after the urea weighed, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate are well mixed is sent into two
Individual storage bin hopper；
（b）Liquid ureaformaldehyde is diluted with water, after stirring, is divided into two parts of high-pressure atomizations being sent to respectively in coating machine
High-pressure atomization shower nozzle in shower nozzle and comminutor；The weight ratio of the liquid ureaformaldehyde and thinned water is 2:1；
（c）The raw material in one of storage bin hopper is at the uniform velocity sent into coating machine by screw feeder, has one below screw feeder
Taper disperser, the stock dispersion of coating machine can will be fallen into hollow round tubular, the solid material fallen and coating machine high pressure mist
Change the ureaformaldehyde dilution droplet that shower nozzle sprays to bump against, liquid ureaformaldehyde solidifies rapidly in the presence of ammonium chloride and hot blast, shape
Into wrapper little particle；
（d）By step（c）Powder in obtained wrapper little particle and another storage bin hopper is by weight 1:1 ratio while shape
Into material curtain；On the material curtain that ureaformaldehyde liquid is sprayed in comminutor after the atomization of high-pressure atomization shower nozzle；It is being granulated the rolling of machine cylinder
Under dynamic, by the adhesive effect and ammonium chloride of ureaformaldehyde liquid to the solidification of ureaformaldehyde, preferably complexing ureaformaldehyde is formed
Slow release fertilizer particle；Land plaster is at the uniform velocity sent on the complexing ureaformaldehyde slow release fertilizer particulate material curtain of comminutor, in comminutor
Under rolling, land plaster point is in the ureaformaldehyde release membranes being not yet cured；
（e）The particle produced is sent into dehydration in dryer, solidification by conveyer belt or elevator, is re-fed into cooler and cools down, so
After sieved, the finished product screened out is top dressing；
（5）The preparation method of ear manuer comprises the following steps：
1. weigh ear manuer raw material for standby；
2. insect disinfestation component is handled：The stone-like omphalia weighed, waste tobacco leaf, China tree, Dalmatian chrysanthemum are mixed, add 0.5 times of water by fermentation 1 day, so
After dry, pulverize, pelletize；
3. rare earth, urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate are well mixed with the insect disinfestation component pelletized, ear manuer is produced.
2. the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of a kind of corn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, including base manure, top dressing, fringe
Fertilizer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：200 parts of livestock and poultry muck, 100 parts of wheat stalk, 100 parts of Enteromorpha, kaolinite
Native 20 parts, 30 parts of manioc waste, 40 parts of edible fungi residue, 50 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 15 parts of bactericidal component, the weight of above raw material is with dry
Restatement.
3. the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of a kind of corn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, including base manure, top dressing, fringe
Fertilizer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight through ureaformaldehyde coating：300 parts of livestock and poultry muck, 80 parts of wheat stalk, waterside
80 parts of tongue, 30 parts of kaolin, 40 parts of manioc waste, 30 parts of edible fungi residue, 40 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 20 parts of bactericidal component, above raw material
Weight in terms of dry weight.
4. the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of a kind of corn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, including base manure, top dressing, fringe
Fertilizer；
The base manure is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight through ureaformaldehyde coating：100 parts of livestock and poultry muck, 120 parts of wheat stalk, waterside
120 parts of tongue, 10 parts of kaolin, 20 parts of manioc waste, 50 parts of edible fungi residue, 40 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 10 parts of bactericidal component, above raw material
Weight in terms of dry weight.
5. the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of a kind of corn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the urea in the top dressing
For commercial resins coated carbamide.
6. the special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step（1）Spray twice in 3.
Tu Zhong, each quantity for spray of pure ureaformaldehyde liquid is all the 1/2 of total amount；The polycondensation rate of liquid ureaformaldehyde used should be controlled in 10%-
20%, land plaster used should be not less than 500 mesh.
7. according to the application process of any described special double film dual control slow-release fertilizers of corn of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, apply altogether
Fertilizer 5 times, specific method of application is as follows：
（1）Apply fertilizer first：Using base manure, applied before sowing, amount of application is 100kg/ mus；
（2）Secondary fertilising：Using top dressing, after applying fertilizer 20 days first, amount of application is 10kg/ mus；
（3）Apply fertilizer three times：Using top dressing, it is secondary fertilising 15 days after, amount of application is 10kg/ mus；
（4）Four fertilisings：Using top dressing, after applying fertilizer 15 days three times, amount of application is 10kg/ mus；
（5）Five fertilisings：Using ear manuer, during away from taking out tassel 10-15 days, amount of application 40kg/ mus.
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| CN107337536A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-11-10 | 山东万豪肥业有限公司 | The production technology of straw decomposing inoculant ureaformaldehyde dual control double effect compound fertilizer |
| CN110574644B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-05-11 | 广东省生物工程研究所（广州甘蔗糖业研究所） | Green planting method for fruit corn |
| CN115141042A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-10-04 | 王会宝 | Organic fertilizer production process |
Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101913965A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2010-12-15 | 山东谷丰源化肥有限公司 | Urea formaldehyde sustained-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102757279A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-10-31 | 冯涛 | Water-soluble topdressing composite fertilizer |
| CN102942408A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-02-27 | 合肥科友生物科技有限公司 | Specialized organic/inorganic composite biological medicine fertilizer for corn, and preparation method thereof |
| CN103964971A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-06 | 济南巴顿化肥有限公司 | Fertilizer specially used for rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN104686186A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-06-10 | 张玉雯 | Method for cultivating corn in saline-alkali soil |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101913965A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2010-12-15 | 山东谷丰源化肥有限公司 | Urea formaldehyde sustained-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102757279A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-10-31 | 冯涛 | Water-soluble topdressing composite fertilizer |
| CN102942408A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-02-27 | 合肥科友生物科技有限公司 | Specialized organic/inorganic composite biological medicine fertilizer for corn, and preparation method thereof |
| CN103964971A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-06 | 济南巴顿化肥有限公司 | Fertilizer specially used for rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN104686186A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-06-10 | 张玉雯 | Method for cultivating corn in saline-alkali soil |
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