CN1129512A - Cultivation of Chinese yam - Google Patents
Cultivation of Chinese yam Download PDFInfo
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- CN1129512A CN1129512A CN 95112518 CN95112518A CN1129512A CN 1129512 A CN1129512 A CN 1129512A CN 95112518 CN95112518 CN 95112518 CN 95112518 A CN95112518 A CN 95112518A CN 1129512 A CN1129512 A CN 1129512A
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Abstract
The artificial culture technique for yam includes such technical steps as selection of seed and field, soil preparation, fertilizer application, sowing, culture and collection. It features high growing speed, yield and quality. Said cultured yam contains 4% of saponin.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese yam (yellow ginger) artificial cultivation technique.
Chinese yam (yellow ginger) saponin is a primary raw material of producing steroid hormone class medicine.Its source is wild Chinese yam (yellow ginger) resource of gathering, because wild Chinese yam (yellow ginger) poor growth does not satisfy industrial needs far away, dioscorea (yellow ginger) resource has faced exhaustion in the world now.Therefore artificial planting Chinese yam (yellow ginger) has become inevitable.Present Chinese yam (yellow ginger) high-yield cultivation technique, China still belongs to blank, and foreign technology is not seen yet report.
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of suiting and promote, suit especially at a kind of Chinese yam (yellow ginger) cultivation of China's southern area popularization in China.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of Chinese yam (yellow ginger) cultivation, and its special character is:
Seed selection: to select fresh stalwartness, quality be the yellow ginger stem tuber that enriches of red and white or yellow, whole body well developed root system, bud point or will select the maturation that discolors, the cone of full seed;
Select ground: select quality loose, pH value is 4.5-8 yellow sand, black sandy soil, steam bubble soil;
Whole soil: plough deeply in small, broken bits, trench digging and build ridge, the high 15-20cm in row spacing 1.5～2m ridge.
Fertilising:
Fertilising consumption: per hectare phosphate fertilizer (200～400) kg, composite fertilizer (150～300) kg, farmyard manure 20,000～40,000 kg, farmyard manure 100,000 kg;
Fertilizing method: formula is executed on the employing ridge, the row replacement formula is spreaded manuer in holes;
Sowing: sexual propagation, adopt seed sowing and seedling raising and transplanting;
Seed sowing: dig the cave in the end of spring and the beginning of summer and sow, dark 9～12cm seeding row spacing 30cm is square in the cave, puts 3～5 in seed, earthing 3～6cm.
Seedling raising and transplanting: adopt mulch film hotbed normalization fast seedling growing and plastic containers to grow seedlings, divided for two seasons transplanted: the first season can be before and after the lunar calendar Dragon Boat Festival, and the second season can be around the Spring Festival, and planting density is 90,000 strain/hectares.
Bed planting, drilling and bunch planting are adopted in vegetative propagation
Bed planting: row spacing 150-200cm, the high 30cm in ridge, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25-30cm.
Drilling: a ditch is overlapped on two ridges, row spacing 30-45cm, and furrow width 25-30cm, every ditch and seeding two row, line-spacing 24cm, spacing in the rows 20～25cm becomes Chinese character pin-shaped interleaved to sow.
Bunch planting: dig the cave and sow: line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 24cm, the dark 6～10cm in cave, tap (bud point) are upwards.
Earthing: winter sowing blinding 9～12cm, spring sowing blinding 6～9cm.
The training pipe:
Looking into seedling fills a vacancy: after treating that seedling all sprouts, find to be short of seedling, in time reseed;
Eliminate weeds: annual weeding 2-3 times, between the Ex-all strain, inter-row weed;
Intertillage is topdressed: 2 years annual 1-2 times, one time the person carried out about May, per hectare sealing fertilizer (200-300kg); Divided for twice for two seasons carried out, treat that at the end of spring and the beginning of summer seedling is unearthed after, per hectare imposes the night soil that chemical nitrogen fertilizer (200-3000) seven, August per hectare impose potash fertilizer 300kg or be aided with dilution; The 3rd year green manuring earthing 6-9cm before emerging.
In good time built: yellow ginger leads behind the rattan built in good time, prevents to crawl on the spot.
Gather:
Seed collection: before Cold Dew, pluck, and in time dry
Rhizome is gathered: in time be processed into dry plate after receipts were dug, chosen seeds late October.
The a complete set of technology of the artificial high-yield cultivating of Chinese yam of the present invention (yellow ginger) has and produces fast, high, the good product quality of output, advantages such as remarkable economic and social benefits.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
1, seed selection: the quality of seed is germination rate, output and the saponin content key just that directly influences yellow ginger.Therefore, pay special attention to choose kind.If adopt vegetative propagation, select stalwartness fresh, quality is red and white or yellow, whole body well developed root system, the abundant yellow ginger stem tuber of bud point is done kind; If adopt sexual propagation, then to select the maturation that discolors, the cone of full seed is done kind.
2, select ground: be according to its growth characteristics, choose that quality is loosened, do not hardened, accumulated water not, pH value is 4.5-8 yellow sand, black sandy soil, bubble soil.Level land, Gang Qiu are all suitable.(certain slope is arranged, leeward facing south, humus content is high better)
3, whole soil: after choosing the plot, plough deeply in small, broken bitsly, trench digging is built ridge (particularly before the room behind the house level land, rural area) and is generally required about row spacing 1.5m the high 15～20cm in ridge.But then interplanting or decide of hillside fields according to gesture.
4, fertilising: fertilising consumption per hectare is executed phosphate fertilizer 200～400kg, 150～300 kilograms of composite fertilizers, and farmyard manure (as pig cow dung, burnt dust-ashes etc.) 20,000～40,000 kg are about farmyard manure 100,000 kg.
1. execute on the ridge: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting evenly looses and imposes on ridge face, earthing 3-5cm again.
2. row replacement: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting imposes in the ditch, earthing 3-5cm into strips again.
3. spread manuer in holes: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting, divide the container made of bamboo, wicker, ratten, etc. to impose in the cave, again earthing 3-5cm.
5, sowing will be got hold of sowing season conscientiously and begins sowing in good time.According to climatic condition, divide winter sowing and spring sowing.Seeding method has two kinds: the one, and sexual propagation.Sexual propagation divides seed sowing and seedling raising and transplanting again.
1. seed sowing.Seed sowing digs the cave in the end of spring and the beginning of summer and sows, and the dark 10-12cm in cave, seeding row spacing are that 30cm is square, put 3-5 in seed, earth backing 3-6cm cun, gathers in general 3 years.
2. seedling raising and transplanting.Seedling raising and transplanting has mulch film hotbed normalization fast seedling growing and plastic containers to grow seedlings, and both all can divide for two seasons transplanted.The first season can be before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, and the second season can be around the Spring Festival.Sexual propagation comparison vegetative propagation has obvious superiority, can guarantee early growth and quick tiller, and emergence rate reaches more than 90%, can keep kind of a property not degenerate again, reaches the purpose of high yield, stable yields.The 2nd, vegetative propagation, vegetative propagation promptly with the breeding of root-like stock breeding (rhizome stripping and slicing cultivation) root-like stock, can be divided into drilling and bunch planting.
Drilling: concrete grammar, a ditch is overlapped on two ridges.Row spacing 45cm, furrow width 30cm, every ditch and seeding two row, line-spacing 25cm, spacing in the rows 20-25cm become a mouthful Chinese character pin-shaped interleaved to sow, again earthing 6-10cm.
Bunch planting: dig the cave and sow, line-spacing 36cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, about the dark 10cm in cave, tap (bud point) is upwards.Winter sowing palpus blinding 10-15cm; Spring sowing palpus blinding 6-10cm treats to earth up after seedling all sprouts again.Two all culturing methods can be selected with suiting measures to local conditions.Simultaneously, in order to guarantee benefit, require generally that the level land is pure to be no less than 90,000 strains as per hectare, the visual feelings of hillside fields or intercropping are determined density, and no matter all vegetative propagations are drilling or bunch planting, and the per hectare sowing quantity must not be less than 3000 kilograms.
6, training pipe
Yellow ginger after planting will be strengthened cultivating and managing conscientiously.Specifically be to do a good job of it four processes
1. looking into seedling fills a vacancy.After treating that benefit all sprouts, find to be short of seedling, in time reseed or with kind of a transplantation of seedlings, to guarantee full stand, Qi Miao, strong sprout.
2. eliminate weeds.Generally require annual weeding 2-3 times, accomplishing does not have weeds between strain, in the ranks.Also can use weed killer herbicide (the main grass family that refers to) in place with good conditionsi
3. intertillage is topdressed.Last, all to intertill in 2 years and topdress, annual 1-2 times.A person carries out 200-300 kilograms of per hectare sealing fertilizers about in may.Twice, divided for two seasons carried out, at the end of spring and the beginning of summer, treat that seedling is unearthed after, topdress 300 kilograms of chemical nitrogen fertilizers or be aided with the night soil of dilution of per hectare expand with short rhizome; Can not topdress in the 3rd year.But preferably green manuring earthing 6-10cm is thick before emerging, with the reproductive growth that guarantees that it is vigorous.Will dig the cave from the root and stem of certain plants when imposing fertilizer, and notice that fertilizer concentration and consumption are reasonable, otherwise the damage cauline leaf influences yield and quality.
4. in good time built.Yellow ginger must be climbed support after leading rattan, so need in good time built, built divides three kinds of modes.
Bamboo-wood frame---become the prismatic trellis with bamboo pole more than 1.5 meters or batten cuttage.
Screen frame---slight or rope is tethered on the symmetrical timber and reticulates with iron wire or bamboo.
The faggot frame---in the difficult place of raw material, available thatch bavin, forage tile in length and breadth, become melon canopy shape.
Can not allow seedling crawl on the spot in a word, manage to make the yellow ginger seedling to climb,, quicken plant strain growth in order to its ventilation and penetrating light according to gesture.
7, gather
The yellow ginger results are divided 2 years receipts and were received in 3 years, it is not high to receive output in 2 years, it is on the low side to contain the soap rate, receipts can reach optimal production and saponin content in 3 years, according to evidence, the length in vegetative period of yellow ginger output and saponin content and yellow ginger has certain relation, be advisable so collecting time is decided to be 3 years, but not only the saving of labor, economize kind, but also can significantly improve output and saponin content.Harvest season will be grasped in good time.Test shows: yellow ginger, early growth is slow, and 7-8 growths are very fast, begin November to enter resting stage, therefore, all ripe (being yellow or sepia) seeds must be plucked before Cold Dew, and in time dry, all rhizomes of doing kind of usefulness, also should receive and dig storage, have only processing dry plate person, then can suitably do sth. in advance to receive and dig in the phase in the Frost's Descent.
The yellow ginger that utilizes Chinese yam of the present invention (yellow ginger) cultivation to cultivate, according to surveying and determination, the annual yellow ginger dry product that produces of per hectare is more than 15000 kilograms, and the biennial yellow ginger dry product that produces is more than 30,000 kilograms; Life in 3 years can be produced the yellow ginger dry product more than 4.5 ten thousand kilograms, saponin content, annual 1.68%; Biennial 3.14%; Life 4% in 3 years is 1.4-1.5 times of wild yellow ginger content (2.6-2.8%).30,000 yuan of 3 years integrated cost per hectares of production cost, 22.5 ten thousand yuan of output value per hectares, annual per hectare net earnings is 6.5 ten thousand yuan.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of Chinese yam (yellow ginger) cultivation, its feature part is:
Seed selection: to select fresh stalwartness, quality be the yellow ginger stem tuber that enriches of red and white or yellow, whole body well developed root system, bud point or will select the maturation that discolors, the cone of full seed,
Select ground: select quality loose, pH value is 4.5-8 yellow sand, black sandy soil, steam bubble soil,
Whole soil: plough deeply in small, broken bits, trench digging and build ridge, the high 15-20cm in row spacing 1.5～2m ridge,
Fertilising:
The fertilising consumption: per hectare phosphate fertilizer (200～400) kg, composite fertilizer (150～300) kg, farmyard manure 20,000～40,000 kg, farmyard manure 100,000 kg,
Fertilizing method: formula is executed on the employing ridge, the row replacement formula is spreaded manuer in holes,
Sowing: sexual propagation, adopt seed sowing and seedling raising and transplanting,
Seed sowing: dig the cave in the end of spring and the beginning of summer and sow, dark 9～12cm seeding row spacing 30cm is square in the cave, puts 3～5 in seed, earthing 3～6cm,
Seedling raising and transplanting: adopt mulch film hotbed normalization fast seedling growing and plastic containers to grow seedlings, divided for two seasons transplanted: the first season can be before and after the lunar calendar Dragon Boat Festival, and the second season can be around the Spring Festival, and planting density is 90,000 strain/hectares,
Bed planting, drilling and bunch planting are adopted in vegetative propagation
Bed planting: row spacing 150-200cm, the high 30cm in ridge, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25-30cm,
Drilling: a ditch is overlapped on two ridges, row spacing 30-45cm, and furrow width 25-30cm, every ditch and seeding two row, line-spacing 24cm, spacing in the rows 20～25cm becomes Chinese character pin-shaped interleaved to sow,
Bunch planting: dig the cave and sow: line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 24cm, the dark 6～10cm in cave, tap (bud point) makes progress,
Earthing: winter sowing blinding 9～12cm, spring sowing blinding 6～9cm,
The training pipe:
Looking into seedling fills a vacancy: after treating that seedling all sprouts, find to be short of seedling, in time reseed,
Eliminate weeds: annual weeding 2-3 times, between the Ex-all strain, inter-row weed,
Intertillage is topdressed: 2 years annual 1-2 times, one time the person carried out about May, per hectare sealing fertilizer (200-300kg), divided for twice for two seasons carried out, after treating that at the end of spring and the beginning of summer seedling is unearthed, per hectare imposes the night soil that chemical nitrogen fertilizer (200-3000) seven, August per hectare impose potash fertilizer 300kg or be aided with dilution, the 3rd year green manuring earthing 6-9cm before emerging
In good time built: yellow ginger leads behind the rattan built in good time, prevents to crawl on the spot,
Gather:
Seed collection: before Cold Dew, pluck, and in time dry,
Rhizome is gathered: in time be processed into dry plate after receipts were dug, chosen seeds late October.
2, according to claim 1, described a kind of Chinese yam (yellow ginger) cultivation, it is characterized in that in the fertilizing method
Execute on the ridge: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting evenly looses and imposes on the ridge face, earthing 3-5cm again, and row replacement: the mixed fertilizer after will ferment, impose on into strips in the ditch, earthing 3-5cm again, spread manuer in holes: the mixed fertilizer after will fermenting, the branch container made of bamboo, wicker, ratten, etc. imposes in the cave, again earthing 3-5cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95112518A CN1050261C (en) | 1995-10-29 | 1995-10-29 | Cultivation of Chinese yam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95112518A CN1050261C (en) | 1995-10-29 | 1995-10-29 | Cultivation of Chinese yam |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1129512A true CN1129512A (en) | 1996-08-28 |
| CN1050261C CN1050261C (en) | 2000-03-15 |
Family
ID=5079585
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95112518A Expired - Fee Related CN1050261C (en) | 1995-10-29 | 1995-10-29 | Cultivation of Chinese yam |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1050261C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103210768A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-24 | 陕西理工学院 | Cutting seedling raising method of peltate yam rhizome |
| CN103947449A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-07-30 | 华南农业大学 | Cultivation method of Dioscorea composita |
| CN104488495A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-04-08 | 界首市宏丰家庭农场 | Planting method for Chinese yam in Huaibei plain by furrowing |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5574723A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1980-06-05 | Tomoji Suzuki | Cultivating method and apparatus for chinese yam * yam |
| JPS5995820A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-06-02 | 岡元 敬二 | Field horticultural culturing of yam due to case |
| JPS6078518A (en) * | 1983-10-07 | 1985-05-04 | 皆川 文雄 | Yam culturing method |
| JPS63129928A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-02 | 川辺農研産業株式会社 | Culture of yam |
| CN1017025B (en) * | 1990-03-01 | 1992-06-17 | 黄文华 | Cultivating method for chinese yam |
-
1995
- 1995-10-29 CN CN95112518A patent/CN1050261C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103210768A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-24 | 陕西理工学院 | Cutting seedling raising method of peltate yam rhizome |
| CN103947449A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-07-30 | 华南农业大学 | Cultivation method of Dioscorea composita |
| CN104488495A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-04-08 | 界首市宏丰家庭农场 | Planting method for Chinese yam in Huaibei plain by furrowing |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1050261C (en) | 2000-03-15 |
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