CN102640629B - Dioscorea composita cutting propagation method - Google Patents
Dioscorea composita cutting propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102640629B CN102640629B CN201110041470.9A CN201110041470A CN102640629B CN 102640629 B CN102640629 B CN 102640629B CN 201110041470 A CN201110041470 A CN 201110041470A CN 102640629 B CN102640629 B CN 102640629B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dioscorea composita cutting propagation method, which comprises the steps of mother seedling culture, scion picking, sterilization treatment, scion shearing, rooting agent and sterilizing agent treatment, seedling bed treatment, cuttage and cutting scion management, wherein half lignified stem branches are selected from mother seedlings, cutting scions subjected to sterilization treatment and one-section half leaf shearing are sheared, the cutting scions are inserted onto a seedling bed made of sterilized sand soil after being treated by rooting agents and sterilizing agents, in addition, a transparent film tunnel is built around the cutting scions for sealing a space around the cutting scions, the water spraying is not needed in the period, the transparent film tunnel is dismounted after new bud growing of the cutting scions, and the cutting scions are moved out to be cultured in the field after several months of conventional management. By aiming at the defects of high manufacture cost caused by special requirement substrate demand in the existing dioscorea composita propagation technology and the defects of management complexity and high cost caused by water spraying work required on the cutting scions after the cuttage, the invention provides the dioscorea composita cutting propagation method with the advantages that the manufacture cost of the cuttage substrate is low, the management is simple, and the survival rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for propagation, relate in particular to a kind of Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method.
Background technology
Dioscorea camposita is the Dioscoreaceae yam, originate in Mexico, it is the important plant material for the production of Chinese yam saponin, for existing domestic Chinese yam, have advantages of that output is high, cultivated character good, dioscin content is high in stem tuber, because the dioscin content of Dioscorea camposita is high, the individual plant dioscin content reaches as high as 13%, along with growing to Chinese yam saponin and Related product demand thereof, need a large amount of cultivation Dioscorea campositas, but traditional cultivation and breeding pattern are difficult to meet secondary industry demand fast.There are some problems in existing Dioscorea camposita cottage propagation: the one, high to the cutting medium requirement.The cutting medium of Dioscorea camposita must be selected thin river sand, dragon's blood sand or the perlite etc. through being exposed to the sun, thereby has increased to a great extent the cost of manufacture of cutting medium.The 2nd, after cuttage, during playing cuttings in from the cuttings cuttage to matrix and sending adventive root, need to carry out water mist sprinkling work every day to the cuttings of cuttage, and the management of cuttings is very complicated comparatively, causes the rising of management cost.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, cause after the high and cuttage of cost of manufacture and will carry out water mist sprinkling work to cuttings and cause the high defect of the loaded down with trivial details cost of management for the matrix that needs specific (special) requirements in existing Dioscorea camposita propagation technique, the Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method that a kind of cutting medium cost of manufacture is low, management is simple, survival rate is high is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method comprises the following steps:
(1), female Miao Peiyu: nursery is concentrated and is cultivated the female seedling of Dioscorea camposita;
(2), adopt fringe: select the climing branch of semi-lignified stem on female seedling, the climing rhizome position clip from stem;
(3), sterilization processing: the climing branch of semi-lignified stem of clip is put into to bactericide and soak 8-10 minute sterilization processing;
(4), cut fringe: choose the leaf that will gather on the climing branch of semi-lignified stem, respectively branch is respectively cut to partial application in the petiole base attachment region both sides of leaf, and part is wiped out to by end of blade to the direction of phyllopodium in the blade face of leaf, make the cuttings of half leaf one joint;
(5), root-growing agent, bactericide are processed: part below cuttings petiole base attachment region is immersed in root-growing agent and soaks, after having soaked, cuttings is fully immersed in bactericide and soaks;
(6), seedbed processes: select sand as medium of seedling bed, remove the impurity in medium of seedling bed and loosen the soil smoothly, then adopt the sterilization that carries out disinfection of bactericide pouring medium of seedling bed;
(7), cuttage: every following part of cuttings petiole base comprises that petiole base inserts medium of seedling bed;
(8), cuttings management: after the cuttings cuttage completes, bactericide is directly watered and is filled on cuttings, build again transparent membrane shed sealing cuttings surrounding space, without water, spray therebetween, after bearing sprouting, cuttings removes the transparent membrane shed, allow the cuttings that grows sprouting grow in the sun, Routine Management was moved to field production after several months.
In described step (1), preferably to female seedling shading, prevent the too fast lignification of the climing branch of its stem, the 8-12 before cuttage sprays fertilizer in day, impels female seedling to absorb nutrition and reaches the fringe condition of adopting.
In described step (2), the climing branch of preferred described semi-lignified stem is the climing branch of stem that branch is not large with spot, toughness, diameter is the 1-2.5 millimeter.
In described step (4), preferably on the climing branch of semi-lignified stem, choose the leaf that will gather, respectively branch is respectively cut to partial application at leaf from the following 0.5-1cm of petiole base attachment region and the above 4-6cm of attachment region, and the 2/3-1/2 area is wiped out to by end of blade to the direction of phyllopodium in blade face, make the cuttings of half leaf one joint.
In described step (5), preferably first configure root-growing agent solution, then the cuttings of half leaf one joint part below the petiole base attachment region is immersed in root-growing agent solution and soaks 40-50 minute, whole immersion process middle period face portion does not contact with root-growing agent solution; After immersion completes, cuttings is taken out from root-growing agent solution and cuttings is immersed in to immersion in bactericide fully and take out after 15-25 minute, prepare for cuttage.
In described step (5), preferred described root-growing agent for to add alcohol-soluble CPPU 0.1-0.4 milligram, indolebutyric acid 50-100 milligram, 5% aqua jinggangmycin 15-25 to restrain in every premium on currency; The fungicide carbendazim adopted.
In described step (6), preferred described medium of seedling bed silt content is 50-90%, and cuttage prefinishing seedbed is removed various impurity and loosened the soil smooth; Directly water and be filled on medium of seedling bed with the microbicide solution of 200 times of carbendazim 50% wettable powder dilution agents again.
In described step (8), the bactericide preferably adopted is carbendazim.
In described step (8), preferred described transparent membrane shed is to adopt bamboo chip and film paper to make, and builds transparent membrane shed sealing cuttings surrounding space along seedbed.
In described step (8), preferred described transparent membrane shed, to cuttings 20-25 consecutive days of sealing, is removed the transparent membrane shed, allows the cuttings that grows sprouting grow in the sun.
In Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method of the present invention, cutting medium is without thin river sand, dragon's blood sand or the perlite etc. selected through being exposed to the sun, only need be chosen in general sand and get final product, and cutting medium need not be made especially, to cutting medium require lowly, cost of manufacture is corresponding reduction also.On the other hand, during playing cuttings in from the cuttings cuttage to matrix and sending adventive root, adopt the encapsulation process of transparent membrane shed to keep the humidity of cuttings surrounding environment, replaced in the past loaded down with trivial details water mist sprinkling work, thereby also make management work become easy, management cost also reduces greatly.Experiment shows, the method survival rate is nearly 80%, but every mu of approximately 200,000 strains of output seedling have met Mexico's Dioscorea camposita industrialized development.
Embodiment
The present invention describes the present invention in detail by following concrete steps:
One, the cultivation of female seedling
Concentrate in nursery and cultivate the female seedling of Dioscorea camposita, and the female Miao Jinhang part sunshade to growing, the method of sunshade can adopt sets up crape net booth adopting top, fringe nursery, reduce the irradiation of sunlight to the female seedling of Dioscorea camposita, for preventing the too fast lignification of the climing branch of stem, sunshading method can also be that part hides.The lignified thick and stiff and band black splotch of stem bar that shows as, softness is very little, is unfavorable for cuttage rooting, and cuttings is root of hair and last withered rotten not, badly influences the survival rate of cuttage, and therefore general cuttings is selected the branch of semi-lignified.
8-12 consecutive days female seedling is sprayed to fertilizer before cuttage, purpose is to make female Miao Shengchang unified, can be large for female seedling ratio of adopting fringe, and the stem long nutritional sufficiency of overgrowing, the blade face color and luster is dark green, and food value of leaf plumpness is to reach the condition of adopting fringe that meets.Fertilizer is selected to have multiple, such as: ammonium sulfate, carbon ammonium, ammonium chloride, urea, carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, potassium chloride etc.The present embodiment is to select the aqueous solution of urea as fertilizer sources that mass percentage concentration is 0.5%, it is preferred steps that female seedling is sprayed to fertilizer, above-mentioned effect is arranged, do not meet female seedling negligible amounts of adopting the fringe condition, and growth is not to unify to make very much to adopt the minimizing of spike number amount, but does not affect the subsequent step of Dioscorea camposita cottage propagation.
Two, adopt fringe
In nursery, select the leaf color dark green, in the climing branch of the stem of semi-lignified degree, the rhizome position clip climing from stem by it, concentrate to put well to be ready for use on and cut fringe.The climing branch of semi-lignified stem is the climing branch of stem that branch is not large with spot, toughness, diameter is the 1-2.5 millimeter.Adopting ear selection while selecting, can in above-mentioned diameter range.
Three, sterilization processing
The climing branch of semi-lignified stem of clip is put into to the bactericide soaking sterilization to be processed.
At first configure bactericide: bactericide is in order to kill the inhibition thalli growth, avoids cuttings to be subject to that bacterium infects and withered rotten, effectively improves the survival rate of cuttage.The kind of bactericide is a lot, can select: jinggangmeisu, topsin, tpn, benomyl, streptomycin etc., the preferred jinggangmeisu of the present embodiment (producer: Tonglu, Zhejiang Province biochemical industry Co., Ltd), jinggangmeisu is the disinfectant use in agriculture that systemic action is very strong, uses the microbicide solution that jinggangmeisu 5% aqua compound concentration is 50g/L.
Sterilization: the climing branch of the stem that will gather from nursery again immerses fully in the above-mentioned microbicide solution prepared and soaks 8-10 minute, to disturb and inhibition somatic cells g and D.Soak time any numerical value in 8-10 minute scope can be realized the effect of bactericidal fully.
Four, cut fringe
On the climing branch of stem after sterilization processing, choose the leaf that will gather, partial application is respectively cut to branch respectively in petiole base attachment region both sides at leaf, cut respectively partial application at the following 0.5-1cm of petiole base attachment region and above 5cm, otch is concordant, just will from the climing branch of stem, cut with the leaf of blade face and petiole.And then a part is wiped out to by end of blade to the direction of phyllopodium in blade face, and be generally to wipe out blade face 2/3-1/2 area, make half leaf one joint cuttings.The cuttings that finally half good leaf one saves by clip is bundled into a bundle with rubber band at the above 2-4cm of cuttings petiole base attachment region place by the quantity of 30 left and right, and keeps bottom concordant to facilitate immersion treatment.
Because plant corpus mainly comes the supply of moisture in perfect aspect to supplement by root system, and cuttings is not before root system grows, cuttings could not obtain supplementing of moisture, therefore cuttings blade face part must be wiped out to the 2/3-1/2 area to reduce the moisture transpiration of cuttings itself, makes cuttings be difficult for withering and inactivation.
Five, root-growing agent and bactericide are processed
First configure root-growing agent solution, then the cuttings of half leaf one joint part below the petiole base attachment region is immersed in root-growing agent solution and soaks 40-50 minute, whole immersion process middle period face portion does not contact with root-growing agent solution; After immersion completes, cuttings is taken out from root-growing agent solution and cuttings is immersed in to immersion in 200 times of carbendazim germicidal solutions of 50% wetting powder fully and take out after 15-25 minute, prepare for cuttage.Root-growing agent for to add alcohol-soluble CPPU 0.1-0.4 milligram, indolebutyric acid 50-100 milligram, 5% aqua jinggangmycin 15-25 to restrain in every premium on currency; The bactericide adopted is carbendazim, adopts 200 times of the 50% wettable powder dilution agents of carbendazim to make Bavistin solution.
Can adopt following raw material proportioning in the present embodiment:
| Raw material | Proportioning 1 | Proportioning 2 | Proportioning 3 | Proportioning 4 | Proportioning 5 |
| Alcohol-soluble CPPU | 0.1mg | 0.2mg | 0.3mg | 0.4mg | 0.25mg |
| Indolebutyric acid | 60mg | 80mg | 75mg | 70mg | 100mg |
| 5% aqua jinggangmycin | 16g | 20g | 18g | 25g | 20g |
CPPU is called the basic element of cell division, has the acceleration cell mitogen, promotes the effect that cell increases and breaks up.Indolebutyric acid can promote the rooting of cuttings of plant, especially fairly obvious to rooting effect.Jinggangmycin has stronger interior absorption, easily by somatic cells, is absorbed and conduction rapidly within it, disturbs and suppresses the somatic cells g and D, effectively guarantees that cuttings avoids bacterium and infect and improve cuttage survival rate during growing.If do not carry out the root-growing agent processing, the survival rate of whole cuttage will be very low.
Six, process in seedbed
The cuttage seedbed is chosen in sand as medium of seedling bed, the partially middle high level of its silt content, and any number can in the 50-90% scope for silt content.Before cuttage, seedbed is organized into to width 85cm, length is not limit, and medium of seedling bed is removed the impurity such as plastic sack, leaf branch and loosened the soil smooth.Directly water and be filled on medium of seedling bed with disinfection with bactericide again, the seedbed through above processing, just can be used for cottage propagation.Adopting the purpose in bactericide pouring seedbed is owing to containing a large amount of bacteriums in soil, and cuttings is vulnerable to that bacterium infects and impact survives, and through the effective bacteria growing inhibiting in the seedbed of sterilization processing, makes cuttings avoid the bacterium infection.The kind of bactericide is a lot, can select: jinggangmeisu, topsin, tpn, benomyl, streptomycin etc., and the present embodiment adopts carbendazim, and 200 times of 50% wettable powder dilution agents that are about to carbendazim are made microbicide solution.
Seven, cuttage
Untie the cuttings bundled, will every cuttings petiole base following part comprise that petiole base itself inserts in medium of seedling bed, and the distance between cuttings is overlapping being advisable not between leaf.
Eight, cuttings management
When the cuttings cuttage completes, and then bactericide directly waters and is filled on cuttings, and the pouring bactericide is that the space of cuttings petiole base can cover by soil after pouring on the one hand, and bactericide can suppress the seedbed bacterial growth to improve the survival rate of cuttage on the other hand.Then by bamboo chip and film paper, build the transparent membrane shed along seedbed, sealing cuttings surrounding space, need not spray therebetween.With film paper 13-15 consecutive days of sealing, the selective examination just petiole joint eye place of visible cuttings has grown adventive root, continuation by shed be sealed to 20-25 consecutive days visible cuttings grown sprouting, now just can raise the film paper of sealing, allow the cuttings that grows sprouting grow in the sun, and the seedling fostering management by methods time of 5 months just is used for field production in extensible nursery routinely.The kind of bactericide is a lot, can adopt jinggangmeisu, topsin, tpn, benomyl, streptomycin etc., and the present embodiment adopts carbendazim, and 400 times of 50% wettable powder dilution agents that are about to carbendazim are made Bavistin solution.
Experiment: the present invention selects respectively 2m
2, 4m
2, 10m
2seedbed carry out the cuttage experiment.Wherein the silt content in three seedbeds is respectively 50%, 70%, 90%, and cuttage survival rate is respectively 78%, 82%, 75%, and average survival is nearly 80%, but every mu of approximately 200,000 strains of output seedling have met Mexico's Dioscorea camposita industrialized development.
Claims (9)
1. a Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1), female Miao Peiyu: nursery is concentrated and is cultivated the female seedling of Dioscorea camposita;
(2), adopt fringe: select the climing branch of semi-lignified stem on female seedling, the climing rhizome position clip from stem;
(3), sterilization processing: the climing branch of semi-lignified stem of clip is put into to bactericide and soak 8-10 minute sterilization processing;
(4), cut fringe: on the climing branch of semi-lignified stem, choose the leaf that will gather, partial application is respectively cut to branch respectively in petiole base attachment region both sides at leaf, respectively branch is respectively cut to partial application at leaf from the following 0.5-1cm of petiole base attachment region and the above 4-6cm of attachment region, otch is concordant, just will together with the branch of described shearing, from the climing branch of stem, cut with the leaf of blade face and petiole; And the 2/3-1/2 area is wiped out to by end of blade to the direction of phyllopodium in blade face, make the cuttings of half leaf one joint;
(5), root-growing agent, bactericide are processed: part below cuttings petiole base attachment region is immersed in root-growing agent and soaks, after having soaked, cuttings is fully immersed in bactericide and soaks;
(6), seedbed processes: select sand as medium of seedling bed, remove the impurity in medium of seedling bed and loosen the soil smoothly, then adopt the sterilization that carries out disinfection of bactericide pouring medium of seedling bed;
(7), cuttage: every following part of cuttings petiole base comprises that petiole base inserts medium of seedling bed;
(8), cuttings management: after the cuttings cuttage completes, bactericide is directly watered and is filled on cuttings, build again transparent membrane shed sealing cuttings surrounding space, without water, spray therebetween, after bearing sprouting, cuttings removes the transparent membrane shed, allow the cuttings that grows sprouting grow in the sun, Routine Management was moved to field production after several months.
2. Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), to female seedling shading, prevent the too fast lignification of the climing branch of its stem, the 8-12 before cuttage sprays fertilizer in day, impels female seedling to absorb nutrition and reaches the fringe condition of adopting.
3. Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the climing branch of described semi-lignified stem is the climing branch of stem that branch is not large with spot, toughness, diameter is the 1-2.5 millimeter.
4. Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), first configure root-growing agent solution, again the cuttings of half leaf one joint part below the petiole base attachment region is immersed in root-growing agent solution and soaks 40-50 minute, whole immersion process middle period face portion does not contact with root-growing agent solution; After immersion completes, cuttings is taken out from root-growing agent solution and cuttings is immersed in to immersion in bactericide fully and take out after 15-25 minute, prepare for cuttage.
5. Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), described root-growing agent for to add indolebutyric acid 50-100 milligram, 5% aqua jinggangmycin 15-25 gram, alcohol-soluble CPPU 0.1-0.4 milligram to make in every premium on currency; The bactericide adopted is carbendazim.
6. Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (6), described medium of seedling bed silt content is 50-90%, and cuttage prefinishing seedbed is removed various impurity and loosened the soil smooth; Directly water and be filled on medium of seedling bed with 200 times of microbicide solutions of making of 50% wettable powder dilution agent of carbendazim again.
7. Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (8), the bactericide of employing is carbendazim.
8. Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (8), described transparent membrane shed is to adopt bamboo chip and film paper to make, and build sealing cuttings surrounding space along seedbed.
9. Dioscorea camposita cuttage breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (8), described transparent membrane shed, to cuttings 20-25 consecutive days of sealing, is removed the transparent membrane shed, allows the cuttings that grows sprouting grow in the sun.
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| CN103210768A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-24 | 陕西理工学院 | Cutting seedling raising method of peltate yam rhizome |
| CN103416183B (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2016-05-04 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | Dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting |
| CN103947449B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-08-24 | 华南农业大学 | The cultural method of Dioscorea camposita |
| CN104718954A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-06-24 | 张玉雯 | Radix pseudostellariae cutting propagation method |
| CN109197195A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-15 | 北华大学 | A kind of method of argy wormwood cutting propagation |
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| CN1732755A (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2006-02-15 | 陈新荣 | Application of cuttage rapid propagating method in dioscorea composita seedling propagation |
| CN100518499C (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2009-07-29 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Dioscorea composite Hemsl. cutting propagation method |
| CN101036444A (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2007-09-19 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Quick propagating method for dioscorea seedling through cuttage |
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