CN109156188B - Method for preventing and treating potato late blight by using grafting technology - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating potato late blight by using grafting technology Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating potato late blight by using a grafting technology, and relates to the field of prevention and treatment of potato late blight. The method comprises the five steps of high-sensitivity late blight potato stock cultivation, high late blight-resistant potato scion cultivation, grafting, grafted plant management and grafted plant transplanting, and utilizes potato varieties with high late blight resistance as scions to be grafted with varieties which are suitable for market demands but not resistant to late blight, so that the agricultural control of the potato late blight is realized, and the problems of long variety breeding and popularization period and environmental pollution and high cost caused by chemical agent method control methods are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of potato late blight prevention and control, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling potato late blight by using a grafting technology.
Background
The potato late blight is the first disease which harms the globality of potato production, and mainly harms the leaves and stems of the overground part of the potato, and further harms the tubers of the underground part; is a disease with extremely strong popularity and extremely high destructiveness. When the central diseased plant appears, pathogenic bacteria can quickly infect other healthy plants, the disease can quickly burst and spread, and the overground part plants can be completely died and rotten in less than two weeks, so that the yield is seriously reduced.
The existing method for preventing and treating the potato late blight mainly comprises the following aspects: the method is a direct and effective method for fundamentally preventing and treating the potato late blight. But the contradiction between long breeding and popularization period and high variation speed of the late blight physiological race is difficult to solve. When a variety with excellent properties in all aspects undergoes a long period from breeding to large-area popularization, the resistance of the disease-resistant variety to the late blight is basically lost due to the evolution of physiological races of pathogenic bacteria. For example, Atlantic, Charbodi and Netherlands 15 are potato varieties with excellent tuber characters and large market demands, Atlantic is a special potato chip variety, Charbodi is a special potato chip processing variety, and Netherlands 15 are high-quality fresh food varieties. However, with increasing planting years, resistance to late blight is now substantially lost. Especially in southwest mountainous areas, the prevention and treatment effect of the medicament is not ideal. The potato cultivation technology is improved to prevent and treat late blight, and sowing period is adjusted, fine management is performed, or rotation and intercropping with other crops are performed. The cultivation technology can only slow down the occurrence and the prevalence of diseases, but cannot control the potato late blight from the aspect of keeping up with the original. The chemical agent is used for preventing and controlling the late blight, the outbreak of the late blight of the potatoes can be effectively prevented and controlled by adopting the cross spraying of a plurality of chemical agents before the potatoes have no disease, but the chemical prevention brings the problems of pesticide residue and environmental pollution; seriously threatens the food safety and destroys the ecological environment, and is not a sustainable development strategy. The method mainly uses novel biological control agents to control the propagation and the diffusion of pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the production cost of the novel bactericide is high.
The potato varieties such as Atlantic, Charcot, Netherlands 15 and the like have good commodity, are suitable for processing and have large market demand, but do not resist the late blight and cannot be planted in southwest areas with serious late blight. The tuber quality of the variety with high late blight resistance is not suitable for processing requirements. Therefore, the invention takes the potato variety with high late blight resistance as the scion to be grafted with the variety which is suitable for market demand but not resistant to late blight, thereby realizing the agricultural control of the potato late blight and solving the problems of long variety breeding and popularization period and environmental pollution and high cost caused by chemical agent control methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating potato late blight by using a grafting technology, wherein a potato variety with high late blight resistance is used as a scion; the potato variety with good commodity and large market demand and low late blight resistance is used as the stock; the method solves the problems of long breeding and popularization period, environmental pollution and high cost caused by chemical agent methods and biological control methods in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a method for preventing and treating potato late blight by using a grafting technology, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), cultivating the potato stock with high-susceptibility late blight: sowing the virus-free potato stock seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment in a sterilized matrix, and culturing in a plastic arched shed; when the potatoes grow to 7-8 cm in plant height, 3-4 leaves and 8-9 mm in stem thickness, the potatoes can be used as rootstocks; the potato stock is any one of Atlantic, Netherlands 15 and Charactis;
step 2), cultivating the potato scions with high late blight resistance: sowing the detoxicated potato original seed Yunnan potato 47 in sterilized matrix, and culturing in plastic arch shed; when the potatoes grow to 7-8 cm in plant height, 3-4 leaves and 8-9 mm in stem thickness, the potatoes can be used as scions;
step 3), grafting: scion potato seedlings obtained in the step 2) are cut, redundant leaves are removed, only the topmost 2 small leaves are left, and the scions are symmetrically obliquely cut along two sides of the stem to form a wedge shape; leaving a stem section of 3cm above the ground of the rootstock in the step 1), cutting the rest, and splitting a 5mm interface from the middle part of the stem by using a double-sided blade; inserting the wedge-shaped end of the scion into a stock interface to enable a cambium to be matched, and then wrapping and sealing a grafting combination part by using a plastic film;
step 4), grafted plant management: placing the grafted plant into a drip irrigation type cold light source plant climate box to be cultured for 7 days, wherein the system setting of the drip irrigation type cold light source plant climate box is set to be weak light (light intensity 5000Lux), the illumination time is 12h, the darkness is 12h, the humidity is 90%, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night; when the drip irrigation type cold light source plant climate box is not available, the grafted seedlings are placed in a plastic arched shed, a sunshade net is covered on the plastic arched shed, and the grafted seedlings are sprayed into the arched shed to keep the humidity;
step 5), transplanting grafted plants: transplanting the survived plants after one week of grafting, and tearing off the plastic film wrapping the grafting combination part after 7-10 days, namely the seedling revival period; fertilizing, irrigating and weeding according to the conventional cultivation process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, after the resistant scion and the rootstock potato are grafted, no chemical agent is needed to be applied in the whole growth period of the potato, the potato late blight is biologically prevented and controlled, and green pollution-free production is achieved.
2. The production investment is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the output value is increased, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: the implementation steps of this example are as follows:
step 1), stock cultivation of high-susceptibility late blight:
the original seed atlantic ocean of detoxified potato after germination accelerating treatment is sowed in a sterilized substrate and then cultured in a plastic arch shed. When the potatoes grow to 7-8 cm in plant height, 3-4 leaves and 8-9 mm in stem thickness, the potatoes can be used as rootstocks;
step 2), scion cultivation with high late blight resistance:
the original seed of the detoxified potato 47 after the germination acceleration is sowed in a sterilized substrate and then cultured in a plastic arch shed. The potatoes grow to the height of 7-8 cm, 3-4 leaves and the stem diameter of 8-9 mm, and then the potatoes can be used as scions;
step 3), grafting: scion potato seedlings in the step 2) are cut by a cleft grafting method, redundant leaves are removed, only the topmost 2 small leaves are remained, and the scion is symmetrically obliquely cut along two sides of a stem to form a wedge shape; step 1), treating the rootstock, leaving a stem section about 3cm above the ground of the rootstock, cutting the rest, and splitting a 5mm interface from the middle part of a stem by using a double-sided blade; inserting the wedge-shaped end of the scion into the stock interface, and wrapping and sealing the scion with a plastic film to prevent water evaporation after cambiums are matched; 2 groups of grafted plants are obtained by grafting respectively, namely self-root grafting: atlantic/atlantic and heterologous grafts: 47 Yunnan potato/Atlantic; atlantic from root potatoes and Atlantic/Atlantic plants grafted from roots were used as controls.
Step 4), grafted plant management: the grafted plants are placed into a drip irrigation type cold light source plant climate box to be cultured for 7 days, the climate box system is set to be weak light (light intensity 5000Lux), the illumination time is 12 hours, the darkness is 12 hours, the humidity is 90%, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night.
Step 5), transplanting grafted plants: transplanting the survived plants after grafting for 1 week, tearing off the plastic film wrapping the grafting combination part after 7-10 days and a seedling revival period, and fertilizing, irrigating and weeding according to the conventional cultivation process.
Investigation of late blight disease
In the time period from 5 late ten days to 7 middle ten days of the jungle town, the potato seedling growing method creates good conditions for the germination of potato late blight spores because of the sudden rain and the sudden sunny weather, the large temperature difference between day and night and the cold and hot air, so that the potato seedling growing method is a high-incidence area of late blight and is very easy to popularize. From 30d after transplanting, the disease condition of the late blight is investigated and counted every week, and the statistics of the disease condition is counted according to 'pesticide field efficacy test criterion (I) for preventing and treating potato late blight with bactericide' (GB/T17980.34-2000).
The study found that, as shown in table 1: the central diseased plant appears at 3 days 6 months, the statistics of the diseased plants is carried out at 10 days 6 months after 1 week, the results show that the morbidity of the Atlantic self-rooted ocean and the Atlantic/Atlantic self-rooted grafted plant reaches 5.06 percent and 7.41 percent respectively, the morbidity of the Atlantic Yunnan potato 47/Atlantic grafted plant does not appear, the morbidity of the Atlantic self-rooted ocean and the Atlantic/Atlantic self-rooted grafted plant reaches 13.9 percent and 25.9 percent respectively at 17 days 6 months, and the morbidity of the Atlantic Yunnan potato 47/Atlantic is 0; the incidence rates of the self-rooted atlantic and the self-rooted grafted atlantic/atlantic in 25 days at 6 months and 77.78 percent respectively, and the incidence rate of the Yunnan potato 47/atlantic is still 0; the incidence rates of the self-rooted atlantic and the self-rooted grafted atlantic/atlantic in 6 months and 30 days reach 92.4 percent and 100 percent respectively, and plants start to rot and basically lose photosynthetic capacity; the incidence rate of 47 Yunnan potato/Atlantic is 13.3%; the plant grows normally; the morbidity of the self-rooted atlantic and the atlantic/atlantic grafted from the root reaches 100 percent and 100 percent respectively in 5 days after 7 months, and the plants are all dead; and the incidence rate of 47/Atlantic Yunnan potato is 13.3%, the number of susceptible plants of the heterogenous grafting combination is not increased in 7 months and 17 days, the plants are not seriously susceptible, and the plants can grow normally.
Table 1: statistics of illness states of different grafted plants at different times
Example 2: the implementation steps of this example are as follows:
step 1), stock cultivation of high-susceptibility late blight: the virus-free potato stock seed Holland 15 after germination accelerating treatment is sowed in a sterilized matrix and then cultured in a plastic arched shed. When the potatoes grow to 7-8 cm in plant height, 3-4 leaves and 8-9 mm in stem thickness, the potatoes can be used as rootstocks;
step 2), scion cultivation with high late blight resistance: the original seed of the detoxified potato 47 after the germination acceleration is sowed in a sterilized substrate and then cultured in a plastic arch shed. The potatoes grow to the height of 7-8 cm, 3-4 leaves and the stem diameter of 8-9 mm, and then the potatoes can be used as scions;
step 3), grafting: the grafting adopts a cleft grafting method, potato seedlings of the scion in the step 2) are cut, redundant leaves are removed, only the topmost 2 small leaves are left, and the scion is symmetrically obliquely cut along two sides of a stem to form a wedge shape; step 1), treating the rootstock, leaving a stem section about 3cm above the ground of the rootstock, cutting the rest, and splitting a 5mm interface from the middle part of a stem by using a double-sided blade; inserting the wedge-shaped end of the scion into the stock interface, and wrapping and sealing the scion with a plastic film to prevent water evaporation after cambiums are matched; grafting to obtain 1 group of grafted plants, heterogeneously grafting: 47 Yunnan potato/Netherlands 15; the same control plant was the lotus 15, a self-rooted potato plant.
Step 4), grafted plant management: the grafted plants are placed into a drip irrigation type cold light source plant climate box to be cultured for 7 days, the climate box system is set to be weak light (light intensity 5000Lux), the illumination time is 12 hours, the darkness is 12 hours, the humidity is 90%, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night.
Step 5), transplanting grafted plants: after grafting for 1 week, the stock and the scion are basically healed, the survived plant is transplanted to the union town of Kunming city, Yunnan province, 7-10 days after the transplantation, the plastic film covering the grafting combination part is torn off after the seedling revival period. Fertilizing, irrigating and weeding according to the conventional cultivation process.
Investigation of late blight disease
In the time period from 5 late ten days to 7 middle ten days of the jungle town, the potato seedling growing method creates good conditions for the germination of potato late blight spores because of the sudden rain and the sudden sunny weather, the large temperature difference between day and night and the cold and hot air, so that the potato seedling growing method is a high-incidence area of late blight and is very easy to popularize. From 30d after transplanting, the disease condition of the late blight is investigated and counted every week, and the statistics of the disease condition is counted according to 'pesticide field efficacy test criterion (I) for preventing and treating potato late blight with bactericide' (GB/T17980.34-2000).
The study found that, as shown in table 2: the central diseased plant appears at 3 days in 6 months, the diseased plant statistics is carried out at 10 days in 6 months after 1 week, the result shows that the disease incidence rate from the root of Netherlands 15 reaches 7.45 percent, while the Yunnan potato 47/Netherlands 15 grafted plant does not appear, the disease incidence rate from the root of Netherlands 15 reaches 14.89 percent at 17 days in 6 months, and the disease incidence rate of the Yunnan potato 47/Netherlands 15 is 0; the incidence rate of the ipomoea batatas from root of Holland 15 reaches 78.72% in 25 days in 6 months, while the incidence rate of the ipomoea batatas 47/the Netherlands 15 is still 0; the morbidity of the Dutch 15 reaches 97.87% in 30 days after 6 months, and the plants start to rot and basically lose the photosynthetic capacity; the incidence rate of the Yunnan sweet potato 47/the Netherlands 15 is only 1.69 percent; mild disease, normal plant growth; the morbidity of the Holland 15 reaches 100 percent in 5 days after 7 months, and all plants die; and the incidence rate of the Yunnan potato 47/the Netherlands 15 is 3.39 percent, the number of susceptible plants of the heterogenous grafting combination is not increased in 17 days after 7 months, and the plants grow normally.
Table 2: statistics of illness states of different grafted plants at different times
Example 3: the implementation steps of this example are as follows:
step 1), stock cultivation of high-susceptibility late blight: sowing the detoxified potato breeder seed subjected to germination acceleration in a sterilized matrix, and then culturing in a plastic arched shed. When the potatoes grow to 7-8 cm in plant height, 3-4 leaves and 8-9 mm in stem thickness, the potatoes can be used as rootstocks;
step 2), scion cultivation with high late blight resistance: the original seed of the detoxified potato 47 after the germination acceleration is sowed in a sterilized substrate and then cultured in a plastic arch shed. The potatoes grow to the height of 7-8 cm, 3-4 leaves and the stem diameter of 8-9 mm, and then the potatoes can be used as scions;
step 3), grafting: the grafting adopts a cleft grafting method, potato seedlings of the scion in the step 2) are cut, redundant leaves are removed, only the topmost 2 small leaves are left, and the scion is symmetrically obliquely cut along two sides of a stem to form a wedge shape; step 1), treating the rootstock, leaving a stem section about 3cm above the ground of the rootstock, cutting the rest, and splitting a 5mm interface from the middle part of a stem by using a double-sided blade; inserting the wedge-shaped end of the scion into the stock interface, and wrapping and sealing the scion with a plastic film to prevent water evaporation after cambiums are matched; grafting to obtain 1 group of grafted plants, namely heterogenous grafting: 47/summer calyx Seu fructus Physalis; the self-rooted potato summer bortty is taken as a control plant.
Step 4), grafted plant management: the grafted plants are placed into a drip irrigation type cold light source plant climate box to be cultured for 7 days, the climate box system is set to be weak light (light intensity 5000Lux), the illumination time is 12 hours, the darkness is 12 hours, the humidity is 90%, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night.
Step 5), transplanting grafted plants: after grafting for 1 week, the stock and the scion are basically healed, the survived plant is transplanted to the union town of Kunming city, Yunnan province, and after 7-10 days of transplanting, the plastic film covering the grafting combination part is torn off after the seedling revival period. Fertilizing, irrigating and weeding according to the conventional cultivation process.
Investigation of late blight disease
In the time period from 5 late ten days to 7 middle ten days of the jungle town, the potato seedling growing method creates good conditions for the germination of potato late blight spores because of the sudden rain and the sudden sunny weather, the large temperature difference between day and night and the cold and hot air, so that the potato seedling growing method is a high-incidence area of late blight and is very easy to popularize. From 30d after transplanting, the disease condition of the late blight is investigated and counted every week, and the disease condition statistics refers to 'pesticide field efficacy test criterion (I) for preventing and treating potato late blight with bactericide' (GB/T17980.34-2000).
The study found, as shown in table 3: the central diseased plant appears in 3 days in 6 months, the diseased plant statistics is carried out in 10 days in 6 months after 1 week, the result shows that the disease incidence rate of the self-root summer bort reaches 1.18 percent, the 47 Yunnan potato/summer bort grafted plant does not have the diseased plant, the disease incidence rate of the self-root summer bort reaches 3.53 percent in 17 days in 6 months, and the disease incidence rate of the 47 Yunnan potato/summer bort is 0; in 25 days after 6 months, late blight outbreaks, the morbidity of the root of the Yunnan potato reaches 85.88 percent, and the morbidity of the Yunnan potato 47/summer bort is still 0; the disease rate of summer Betty reaches 98.82% after 6 months and 30 days, and the plants begin to rot and basically lose photosynthetic capacity; the incidence rate of 47 Yunnan potato/summer bortty is only 3.33 percent; mild disease, normal plant growth; the morbidity of the selfheal reaches 100% in 5 days after 7 months, and all plants die; and the incidence rate of 47/summer bortty of the Yunnan potato is 3.33 percent, 7 months and 17 days, the heterogenous grafting plant: the number of susceptible plants of the Yunnan potato 47/summer bort is not increased, and the plants grow normally.
Table 3: statistics of illness states of different grafted plants at different times
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preventing and treating potato late blight by using a grafting technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), cultivating the potato stock with high-susceptibility late blight:
sowing the virus-free potato stock seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment in a sterilized matrix, and culturing in a plastic arched shed; when the potatoes grow to 7-8 cm in plant height, 3-4 leaves and 8-9 mm in stem thickness, the potatoes can be used as rootstocks; the potato stock is any one of Atlantic, Netherlands 15 and Charactis;
step 2), cultivating the potato scions with high late blight resistance:
sowing the detoxicated potato original seed Yunnan potato 47 in sterilized matrix, and culturing in plastic arch shed; when the potatoes grow to 7-8 cm in plant height, 3-4 leaves and 8-9 mm in stem thickness, the potatoes can be used as scions;
step 3), grafting:
scion potato seedlings obtained in the step 2) are cut, redundant leaves are removed, only the topmost 2 small leaves are left, and the scions are symmetrically obliquely cut along two sides of the stem to form a wedge shape; leaving a stem section of 3cm above the ground of the rootstock in the step 1), cutting the rest, and splitting a 5mm interface from the middle part of the stem by using a double-sided blade; inserting the wedge-shaped end of the scion into a stock interface to enable a cambium to be matched, and then wrapping and sealing a grafting combination part by using a plastic film;
step 4), grafted plant management:
placing the grafted plant into a drip irrigation type cold light source plant climate box to be cultured for 7 days, wherein the system setting of the drip irrigation type cold light source plant climate box is set to be weak light, the light intensity is 5000Lux, the illumination time is 12h, the darkness is 12h, the humidity is 90%, the temperature is set to be 24 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night; when the drip irrigation type cold light source plant climate box is not available, the grafted seedlings are placed in a plastic arched shed, a sunshade net is covered on the plastic arched shed, and the grafted seedlings are sprayed into the arched shed to keep the humidity;
step 5), transplanting grafted plants:
transplanting the survived plants after one week of grafting, and tearing off the plastic film wrapping the grafting combination part after 7-10 days, namely the seedling revival period; fertilizing, irrigating and weeding according to the conventional cultivation process.
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