CN117530101A - Cultivation method of roughhaired holly - Google Patents
Cultivation method of roughhaired holly Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of roughhaired holly, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The cultivation method comprises seed collection, seed burying treatment, seedbed preparation, seedling management and outplanting. The dormancy of the seeds is relieved through the seed burying treatment, the vitality of the seeds is improved, and the sprouting and seedling emergence of the seeds are promoted; the base fertilizer applied in the preparation process of the seedbed and the nutrient soil covered after the sowing of the seeds not only provide sufficient nutrients for the germination of the seeds and the early development of the seedlings, but also create an acidic environment suitable for the germination and the growth of the roughhaired holly seeds; the seedling management stage can meet different requirements of different growth stages of the roughhaired holly on nutritional ingredients according to different fertilizers applied to different growth stages of the seedling, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the balanced growth of the roughhaired holly seedling can be ensured. The steps are cooperatively matched, so that the seedling emergence rate is improved, the seedling emergence process is accelerated, the seedling quality is high, and the large-scale effective cultivation of the roughhaired holly can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of roughhaired holly.
Background
The holly is a fallen leaf shrub, also called star tree, star-point, etc., is used under the forests of hilly and hilly lands or flat lands, is used as a root medicament, has bitter and sweet taste, has cold property, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, promoting the production of body fluid and activating blood and the like, can be used for treating cold and fever, thirst, sore throat and the like, is an irreplaceable formula medicinal material, has quite large market demand, mainly depends on wild resources at present, and can not meet the market demand at all along with the less wild resources, so the holly has good cultivation prospect.
The roughhaired holly can be cultivated by seed propagation and cutting propagation, but the growth of the cutting seedlings in the later period is slow, and the grass damage in the seedling period is serious, so that a large number of proper roughhaired holly branches need to be collected when the roughhaired holly is promoted in a large area, the difficulty is high, and the roughhaired holly branches are not easy to propagate in a large scale. The cultivation of the roughhaired holly by seed propagation is more beneficial to the large-scale propagation of the roughhaired holly. However, the existing cultivation method of the roughhaired holly seeds has the problems of low emergence rate, long emergence time, poor emergence quality and the like, and limits the large-scale effective cultivation of the roughhaired holly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of holly, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
one of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows: a cultivation method of roughhaired holly, comprising the following steps:
(1) Seed collection: collecting mature fruits, removing pericarp, cleaning, sterilizing, drying in shade, and sealing for preservation;
(2) Seed burying treatment: soaking the seeds in clear water for 2-3 days, soaking in germination promoting solution for 1-2 days, mixing with the composite matrix, and storing at room temperature for 30-40 days;
(3) Preparing a seedbed: applying a base fertilizer on a seedbed, deep-turning for 30-35cm, uniformly mixing with soil, forming ridges with the width of 1-1.5 m and the height of 25-30cm, and covering a layer of yellow core soil with the thickness of 2-3cm on the ridge surface, wherein the width between ridges is 35-50 cm;
(4) Sowing: uniformly sowing the buried seeds on a seedbed, covering 1-1.5cm thick nutrient soil after sowing, covering 1 layer of straw, watering thoroughly, and covering a film;
(5) Seedling management: uncovering the film after the seedlings completely emerge, erecting a sunshade net, and keeping the temperature in the shed at 25+/-2 ℃; when the seedling is 6-10cm in soil-out height, uncovering the sunshade net and carrying out thinning and seedling supplementing, and keeping the plant spacing of 8-10cm and the row spacing of 10-12 cm; applying a first fertilizer 1 time every 20-25 days after thinning and supplementing the seedlings, wherein the application amount is 3-5 kg/mu; after sealing, applying a second fertilizer for 1 time every 30-45 days, wherein the application amount is 4-6kg until the seedlings are out of nursery; the soil moisture content of the seedling bed is kept moist according to the soil moisture content of the seedling bed in the whole seedling stage, and the seedling is poured along with the seedling bed;
(6) And (5) out of the garden: when the seedling ground diameter is more than or equal to 0.5cm, the seedling can be transplanted out of the nursery (the nursery-out time is 11 months-5 middle ten days of the next year).
Further, the mature fruit is harvested from a robust, pest-free, three year old holly plant. Seed collection was performed in 6-7 months.
Seed formation is closely related to the plant itself and environmental conditions, and growth age, density, moisture, light, etc. of the plant affect the quality of the seed. The growth speed of the roughhaired holly plant is slower in the first two years, the plant height, the stem base thickness and the branch length are increased along with the growth years, the plant height, the stem base thickness and the branch length grow to the preferred level, the illumination and ventilation are good, the growth vigor and the quality of the fruits and the seeds are optimal, and the germination of the seeds is facilitated, so that the three-year-old roughhaired holly plant is selected for collecting the fruits.
Further, the step of sterilizing includes: soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.6% for 20-30 minutes.
Further, removing seeds soaked in the germination promoting solution for 1-2 days, draining water, mixing with the composite matrix according to the mass ratio of 1:2-4, and keeping the humidity of the composite matrix at 40-50% in the lamination storage process, wherein the lamination height of lamination storage is less than or equal to 30cm.
Further, the seed burying treatment is started 30 to 40 days before sowing.
Further, the germination promoting solution comprises 600-800mg/L gibberellin and 25-50mg/L graphene oxide.
Further, the composite matrix is formed by mixing quartz sand, river sand and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2-4.
Further, the base fertilizer comprises decomposed organic fertilizer and humic acid; the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 400-500 kg/mu; the application amount of the humic acid is 40-50 kg/mu.
Further, the sowing is performed in the middle of 11 months to 1 month of the next year.
Further, the nutrient soil is formed by mixing yellow core soil, quartz sand and ammonium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 60-80:20-30:3-5.
Further, the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 60-70%.
Further, the content of N (mass) in the first fertilizer is more than or equal to 25%.
Further, N, P (in P 2 O 5 Meter), K (in K 2 O) is 10-20:10-20:10-20.
Further, during the seedling management period, timely weeding is performed according to the growth condition of the weeds in the seedling bed. And the control of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out according to the conventional seedling management mode.
The invention provides a cultivation method of roughhaired holly, which comprises seed collection, seed burying treatment, seedbed preparation, seedling management and outplanting. The invention selects the mature fruit growing on the healthy and healthy three-year-old roughhaired holly plant without pest and disease infection as the source of the seeds, and the growth vigor and quality of the harvested seeds are optimal, which is beneficial to the germination of the seeds and the growth of seedlings.
According to the invention, the seeds are firstly soaked in clear water in the seed burying treatment process, so that the seeds are fully absorbed in moisture, the seed coats are softened, dormancy of the seeds is relieved, the germination of the seeds is promoted, then the seeds are soaked in a germination promoting solution composed of gibberellin and graphene oxide, the gibberellin can be integrated with various signal paths of other plant hormones and environmental factors (such as light, temperature and nutrients) to regulate the germination of the seeds, the regulation effect is also achieved on the growth and development of the seeds after germination, the graphene oxide can promote the absorption of the seeds to gibberellin, meanwhile, the influence of endogenous rooting inhibiting substances on root system formation is relieved, and the development of radicle is promoted, so that the germination of the seeds and the growth and development after germination can be further promoted in the soaking process; after the two steps of soaking are finished, the seeds are buried in a composite matrix formed by mixing quartz sand, river sand and peat soil, the moisture retention and ventilation property of the river sand is good, the quartz sand can loosen the three-dimensional space structure of the composite matrix, the penetration of moisture is facilitated, the heat preservation effect of the peat soil is good, the organic matters are rich, the air permeability and the water permeability of the mixed matrix formed by the three are good, and the germination of the roughhaired holly seeds is facilitated; the dormancy of the seeds is effectively relieved through the seed burying treatment, the vitality of the seeds is improved, and the germination, growth and development of the seeds are promoted.
In the preparation process of the seedbed, a decomposed organic fertilizer and humic acid are applied to the seedbed as base fertilizers, and nutrient soil formed by mixing yellow core soil, quartz sand and ammonium sulfate is covered after seed sowing; the decomposed organic fertilizer contains various organic matters, can provide sufficient nutrients for the germination of seeds and the growth and development of the early stage of seedlings, contains various active functional genes, can enhance the activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in crops, stimulates physiological metabolism, promotes the seeds to sprout in advance, stimulates the division and growth of root system extreme meristematic cells, ensures that the seedlings grow roots quickly and root more, increases root quantity and prolongs root systems, and ensures that the capability of the crops for absorbing moisture and nutrient is increased; the ammonium sulfate in the nutrient soil can also provide nutrition for germination of seeds, and the addition of humic acid and ammonium sulfate can create an acidic environment suitable for germination and growth and development of the roughhaired holly seeds, in addition, the quartz sand in the nutrient soil can also enable the nutrient soil to have good air permeability and water permeability, and the base fertilizer and the nutrient soil are matched in a synergistic manner, so that sufficient nutrients and suitable growth environments can be provided for germination of the roughhaired holly seeds and early growth and development of seedlings, the emergence rate can be effectively improved, the emergence time can be reduced, and the emergence quality can be improved. The seedling management stage can meet different requirements of different growth stages of the roughhaired holly on nutritional ingredients according to different fertilizers applied in different growth stages of the seedling, and the growth quality in the later stage of the seedling is improved.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a cultivation method of roughhaired holly, which comprises seed collection, seed burying treatment, seedbed preparation, seedling management and outplanting. The dormancy of the seeds is relieved through the seed burying treatment, the vitality of the seeds is improved, and the sprouting and seedling emergence of the seeds are promoted; the base fertilizer applied in the preparation process of the seedbed and the nutrient soil covered after the sowing of the seeds not only provide sufficient nutrients for the germination of the seeds and the early development of the seedlings, but also create an acidic environment suitable for the germination and the growth of the roughhaired holly seeds; the seedling management stage can meet different requirements of different growth stages of the roughhaired holly on nutritional ingredients according to different fertilizers applied to different growth stages of the seedling, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the balanced growth of the roughhaired holly seedling can be ensured. The steps are cooperatively matched, so that the seedling emergence rate is improved, the seedling emergence process is accelerated, the seedling quality is high, and the large-scale effective cultivation of the roughhaired holly can be realized.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The following examples and comparative examples were carried out in the same time and on comparable lands (i.e., selecting plots of comparable fertility and close location as seedbeds) in the same time and in the same county of Ganja, jiangxi provinces, and each plot had an area of 100m 2 (i.e., the planting area of each of the examples and comparative examples was 100m 2 )。
The yellow core soil used in the following examples and comparative examples was soil taken from the topsoil layer 40cm or less.
The decomposed chicken manure used in the following examples and comparative examples was purchased from Hebei Runlong biotechnology Co., ltd, and had an organic content of 50%.
The first fertilizer used in the following examples and comparative examples was Guihu brand high nitrogen compound fertilizer, 40CL28-6-6, N, P (P) 2 O 5 )、K(K 2 O) content is 28:6:6; the second fertilizer is Guihu brand balance compound fertilizer N, P (P 2 O 5 )、K(K 2 O) content is 15:15:15.
Example 1
A cultivation method of roughhaired holly comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed collection: selecting healthy and strong three-year-old roughhaired holly plants without pest and disease damage infection in 6 months of 2021, collecting mature fruits, removing pericarps, cleaning, soaking in 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes for sterilization, drying in the shade, and sealing and preserving;
(2) Seed burying treatment: taking sealed and preserved seeds in 10 months and 29 days of 2021, soaking the seeds in clear water for 2 days, soaking the seeds in germination promoting solution (600 mg/L gibberellin and 25mg/L graphene oxide) for 1 day, taking out the seeds, draining the seeds, mixing the seeds with a composite matrix (prepared by mixing quartz sand, river sand and peat soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2) according to a mass ratio of 1:2, and carrying out laminated storage for 30 days at room temperature from 1 month of 2021 at 11 months, wherein the humidity of the composite matrix is kept to be about 45% in the laminated storage process, and the laminated storage height is 25cm;
(3) Preparing a seedbed: applying base fertilizer (decomposed chicken manure 400 kg/mu plus humic acid 40 kg/mu) on a seedbed 3 days before sowing, deep turning for 30cm, uniformly mixing with soil, forming ridges with the width of 1 meter, the height of 25cm and the width of 35cm between ridges, and covering a layer of yellow core soil with the thickness of 2cm on the ridge surface;
(4) Sowing: uniformly sowing the buried seeds on a seedbed in a period of 12 months and 1 day in 2021, covering 1cm thick nutrient soil (formed by mixing yellow core soil, quartz sand and ammonium sulfate according to a mass ratio of 60:20:3) after sowing, covering 1 layer of straw, watering thoroughly, and covering a film;
(5) Seedling management: uncovering the film after the seedlings completely emerge, erecting a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 70%, and keeping the temperature in the shed at 25+/-2 ℃; when the seedling is 6-10cm in soil-out height, uncovering the sunshade net and carrying out thinning and seedling supplementing, and keeping the plant spacing of 8-10cm and the row spacing of 10-12 cm; applying a first fertilizer 1 time every 20 days after thinning and supplementing the seedlings, wherein the application amount is 3 kg/mu; after sealing, applying a second fertilizer for 1 time every 30 days, wherein the application amount is 4kg until the seedlings are out of nursery; the soil moisture content of the seedling bed is kept moist according to the soil moisture content of the seedling bed in the whole seedling stage, and the seedling is poured along with the seedling bed; and during the seedling management period, timely weeding is performed according to the growth condition of the weeds in the seedling bed. And the control of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out according to a conventional seedling management mode;
(6) And (5) out of the garden: and (3) selecting seedlings with the ground diameter of more than or equal to 0.5cm for nursery transplanting in the period of 11 months 2022 to 5 months 2023.
Example 2
A cultivation method of roughhaired holly comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed collection: selecting healthy and strong three-year-old roughhaired holly plants without pest and disease damage infection in 6 months of 2021, collecting mature fruits, removing pericarps, cleaning, soaking in 0.4% potassium permanganate solution for 25 minutes for sterilization, drying in the shade, and sealing and preserving;
(2) Seed burying treatment: taking sealed and preserved seeds in 10 and 22 days of 2021, soaking the seeds in clear water for 3 days, soaking the seeds in germination promoting solution (700 mg/L gibberellin and 35mg/L graphene oxide) for 2 days, taking out the seeds, draining the seeds, mixing the seeds with a composite matrix (prepared by mixing quartz sand, river sand and peat soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:3) according to a mass ratio of 1:3, and carrying out laminated storage for 35 days at room temperature from 1 month of 2021 at 11, wherein the humidity of the composite matrix is kept to be about 45% in the laminated storage process, and the laminated storage height is 25cm;
(3) Preparing a seedbed: applying base fertilizer (decomposed chicken manure 450 kg/mu plus humic acid 45 kg/mu) on a seedbed 3 days before sowing, deep turning for 30cm, uniformly mixing with soil, forming ridges with the width of 1 meter, the height of 25cm and the width of 35cm between ridges, and covering a layer of yellow core soil with the thickness of 2cm on the ridge surface;
(4) Sowing: uniformly sowing the buried seeds on a seedbed in a period of 12 months and 1 day in 2021, covering 1cm thick nutrient soil (formed by mixing yellow core soil, quartz sand and ammonium sulfate according to a mass ratio of 70:30:4) after sowing, covering 1 layer of straw, watering thoroughly, and covering a film;
(5) Seedling management: uncovering the film after the seedlings completely emerge, erecting a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 70%, and keeping the temperature in the shed at 25+/-2 ℃; when the seedling is 6-10cm in soil-out height, uncovering the sunshade net and carrying out thinning and seedling supplementing, and keeping the plant spacing of 8-10cm and the row spacing of 10-12 cm; applying a first fertilizer 1 time every 22 days after thinning and supplementing the seedlings, wherein the application amount is 4 kg/mu; after sealing, applying a second fertilizer 1 time every 35 days, wherein the application amount is 5kg until the seedlings are out of nursery; the soil moisture content of the seedling bed is kept moist according to the soil moisture content of the seedling bed in the whole seedling stage, and the seedling is poured along with the seedling bed; and during the seedling management period, timely weeding is performed according to the growth condition of the weeds in the seedling bed. And the control of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out according to a conventional seedling management mode;
(6) And (5) out of the garden: and (3) selecting seedlings with the ground diameter of more than or equal to 0.5cm for nursery transplanting in the period of 11 months 2022 to 5 months 2023.
Example 3
A cultivation method of roughhaired holly comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed collection: selecting healthy and strong three-year-old roughhaired holly plants without pest and disease damage infection in 6 months of 2021, collecting mature fruits, removing pericarps, cleaning, soaking in 0.6% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for sterilization, drying in the shade, and sealing and preserving;
(2) Seed burying treatment: taking seeds which are hermetically stored in 10 months and 17 days in 2021, soaking the seeds in clear water for 3 days, soaking the seeds in germination promoting solution (800 mg/L gibberellin and 50mg/L graphene oxide) for 2 days, taking out the seeds, draining the seeds, mixing the seeds with a composite matrix (prepared by mixing quartz sand, river sand and peat soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:4) according to a mass ratio of 1:4, and carrying out laminated storage for 40 days at room temperature from 22 months in 2021, wherein the humidity of the composite matrix is kept to be about 45% in the laminated storage process, and the laminated storage height is 25cm;
(3) Preparing a seedbed: applying base fertilizer (decomposed chicken manure 500 kg/mu plus humic acid 50 kg/mu) on a seedbed 3 days before sowing, deep turning for 30cm, uniformly mixing with soil, forming ridges with the width of 1 meter, the height of 25cm and the width of 35cm between ridges, and covering a layer of yellow core soil with the thickness of 2cm on the ridge surface;
(4) Sowing: uniformly sowing the buried seeds on a seedbed in a period of 12 months and 1 day in 2021, covering 1cm thick nutrient soil (formed by mixing yellow core soil, quartz sand and ammonium sulfate according to a mass ratio of 80:30:5) after sowing, covering 1 layer of straw, watering thoroughly, and covering a film;
(5) Seedling management: uncovering the film after the seedlings completely emerge, erecting a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 70%, and keeping the temperature in the shed at 25+/-2 ℃; when the seedling is 6-10cm in soil-out height, uncovering the sunshade net and carrying out thinning and seedling supplementing, and keeping the plant spacing of 8-10cm and the row spacing of 10-12 cm; applying a first fertilizer 1 time every 25 days after thinning and supplementing the seedlings, wherein the application amount is 5 kg/mu; after sealing, applying a second fertilizer 1 time every 45 days, wherein the application amount is 6kg until the seedlings are out of nursery; the soil moisture content of the seedling bed is kept moist according to the soil moisture content of the seedling bed in the whole seedling stage, and the seedling is poured along with the seedling bed; and during the seedling management period, timely weeding is performed according to the growth condition of the weeds in the seedling bed. And the control of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out according to a conventional seedling management mode;
(6) And (5) out of the garden: and (3) selecting seedlings with the ground diameter of more than or equal to 0.5cm for nursery transplanting in the period of 11 months 2022 to 5 months 2023.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is that the mature fruits were harvested from two-year-old holly plants that were robust and free of pest infection were selected during seed harvesting.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that, in the seed burying treatment, the soaking process in clean water is omitted, namely, the specific steps of the seed burying treatment are as follows: taking seeds which are hermetically stored in 10 and 31 days of 2021, soaking the seeds in germination promoting solution (600 mg/L gibberellin and 25mg/L graphene oxide) for 1 day, taking out the seeds, draining water, mixing the seeds with a composite matrix (prepared by mixing quartz sand, river sand and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2), and carrying out laminated storage at room temperature for 30 days from 11 and 1 days of 2021, wherein the humidity of the composite matrix is kept to be about 45% in the laminated storage process, and the laminated storage height is 25cm.
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 1 is that the germination promoting solution used during the seed burying treatment was 600mg/L gibberellin, i.e., the use of graphene oxide was omitted.
Comparative example 4
The only difference from example 1 is that the soaking process in germination promoting solution is omitted during the seed burying treatment, namely, the specific steps of the seed burying treatment are as follows: taking sealed and preserved seeds in 10 and 30 days of 2021, soaking the seeds in clear water for 2 days, taking out the seeds, draining the seeds, mixing the seeds with a composite matrix (prepared by mixing quartz sand, river sand and peat soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2) according to a mass ratio of 1:2, and carrying out laminated storage for 30 days at room temperature from 1 and 11 days of 2021, wherein the humidity of the composite matrix is kept to be about 45% in the laminated storage process, and the laminated storage height is 25cm.
Comparative example 5
The difference with example 1 is that the composite matrix is formed by mixing river sand and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:2 during seed burying treatment.
Comparative example 6
The difference with example 1 is that only 450 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure is applied when the base fertilizer is applied, and the application of humic acid is omitted.
Comparative example 7
The difference with example 1 is only that the nutrient soil covered after sowing is formed by mixing yellow core soil and ammonium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 70:4.
Effect verification
The emergence rate and seedling quality of each example and comparative example were counted.
The seedling emergence rate statistical method comprises the following steps:
and 5 cells with the seeding quantity of 100 are randomly selected in each experimental plot during seeding, marks are made, the seedling emergence rate is counted at 15 days and 30 days respectively, the seedling emergence rate = the number of broken seeds/the seeding number multiplied by 100%, and the average value of the 5 cells is obtained as a result.
The seedling quality statistical method comprises the following steps:
after sowing for three months, 5 cells are randomly selected from each experimental plot, 100 seedlings are taken from each cell, statistics of seedling height and root length are carried out, and the average value of the 5 cells is taken as a result.
The results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the cultivation of the holly by the method of the invention can realize higher emergence rate within 15 days after sowing, and the emergence rate is basically completed within 30 days, thereby improving the emergence rate, accelerating the emergence process, and having high seedling quality and good early growth and development condition. The method has the advantages that the steps are cooperatively realized, any one cultivation step is changed, the germination of seeds and the growth and development of seedlings are possibly influenced, the emergence rate is reduced, and the quality of the seedlings is reduced.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method of the roughhaired holly is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Seed collection: collecting mature fruits, removing pericarp, cleaning, sterilizing, drying in shade, and sealing for preservation;
(2) Seed burying treatment: soaking the seeds in clear water for 2-3 days, soaking in germination promoting solution for 1-2 days, mixing with the composite matrix, and storing at room temperature for 30-40 days;
(3) Preparing a seedbed: applying a base fertilizer on a seedbed, deep-turning for 30-35cm, uniformly mixing with soil, forming ridges with the width of 1-1.5 m and the height of 25-30cm, and covering a layer of yellow core soil with the thickness of 2-3cm on the ridge surface, wherein the width between ridges is 35-50 cm;
(4) Sowing: uniformly sowing the buried seeds on a seedbed, covering 1-1.5cm thick nutrient soil after sowing, covering 1 layer of straw, watering thoroughly, and covering a film;
(5) Seedling management: uncovering the film after the seedlings completely emerge, erecting a sunshade net, and keeping the temperature in the shed at 25+/-2 ℃; when the seedling is 6-10cm in soil-out height, uncovering the sunshade net and carrying out thinning and seedling supplementing, and keeping the plant spacing of 8-10cm and the row spacing of 10-12 cm; applying a first fertilizer 1 time every 20-25 days after thinning and supplementing the seedlings, wherein the application amount is 3-5 kg/mu; after sealing, applying a second fertilizer for 1 time every 30-45 days, wherein the application amount is 4-6kg until the seedlings are out of nursery; the soil moisture content of the seedling bed is kept moist according to the soil moisture content of the seedling bed in the whole seedling stage, and the seedling is poured along with the seedling bed;
(6) And (5) out of the garden: when the seedling ground diameter is more than or equal to 0.5cm, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery.
2. The method of cultivation according to claim 1, wherein said mature fruit is harvested from a robust, pest-free plant of the three-year-old holly plant.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein said step of sterilizing comprises: soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.6% for 20-30 minutes.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the germination promoting solution has a composition of 600-800mg/L gibberellin+25-50 mg/L graphene oxide.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the composite matrix is formed by mixing quartz sand, river sand and peat soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2-4.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein said base fertilizer comprises a decomposed organic fertilizer and humic acid; the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 400-500 kg/mu; the application amount of the humic acid is 40-50 kg/mu.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil is formed by mixing yellow core soil, quartz sand and ammonium sulfate according to a mass ratio of 60-80:20-30:3-5.
8. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 60 to 70%.
9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the content of N in the first fertilizer is not less than 25%.
10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the content of N, P, K in the second fertilizer is 10-20:10-20:10-20.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103404268A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-11-27 | 华润三九医药股份有限公司 | Seedling culturing and planting method of holly root |
| CN106804151A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-09 | 山东省交通医院 | A kind of store method of Fructus Corni seed |
| CN114885637A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国标准化研究院 | Seed soaking and germination accelerating method for improving germination rate of corn seeds |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103404268A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-11-27 | 华润三九医药股份有限公司 | Seedling culturing and planting method of holly root |
| CN106804151A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-09 | 山东省交通医院 | A kind of store method of Fructus Corni seed |
| CN114885637A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国标准化研究院 | Seed soaking and germination accelerating method for improving germination rate of corn seeds |
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