CN112930752A - Method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds - Google Patents
Method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112930752A CN112930752A CN202110251961.XA CN202110251961A CN112930752A CN 112930752 A CN112930752 A CN 112930752A CN 202110251961 A CN202110251961 A CN 202110251961A CN 112930752 A CN112930752 A CN 112930752A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- south
- seeds
- parts
- soil
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds, in particular to the technical field of south drug planting, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: selecting seeds; step two: seed treatment; step three: accelerating germination of seeds; step four: selecting and turning over a seedling raising land; step five: sowing; step six: reasonably applying fertilizer; step seven: field planting; step eight: and (5) field treatment. According to the invention, through the design from the first step to the third step, the sprouting efficiency is improved, the bud seedling quality is high, the yield of the south medicine at the later stage is ensured, through the design from the fourth step to the sixth step, the pest and disease damage condition of the south medicine can be effectively reduced, the seedling development is promoted, the sprouting survival rate of the south medicine seedling and the growth quality of the south medicine seedling are improved, the disease resistance and stress resistance of the south medicine are enhanced, through the design from the seventh step and the eighth step, the seed setting rate of the south medicine is greatly increased, and the yield of the south medicine is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of south medicine planting, in particular to a method for breeding and cultivating south medicine seeds.
Background
South medicine refers to the area south of the Yangtze river and north of the south ridge. Including genuine herbs produced in all or most of the provinces of Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, etc. The main genuine medicinal materials comprise river bitter orange, rhizoma alismatis, cinnabar, dendrobium, realgar, adenophora tetraphylla, gardenia, cynanchum glaucescens and the like. Among the commonly used south herbs, Bing Lang, Yi Zhi, Sha ren and Ba Ji are called as the four great south herbs. Among them, Sha ren is a special product of Yangchun, so it is also called Chun Sha ren, so Yi Zhi is most famous in Dabazhen in Yangdong county.
As the south medicine has very precious medicinal value, along with the improvement of living standard and health requirement of people, the south medicine has more and more purposes, people can randomly dig wild resources and endanger the extinction of the wild south medicine, and in order to meet the requirement, people have to develop an artificial cultivation technology to develop the artificial cultivation of the south medicine, and firstly, the problem of seedling raising of the south medicine is solved. However, the problems of low rate of emergence, easy infection and poor fruit set commonly exist in the prior south medicine seedling raising.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds, which improves the sprouting efficiency through the design from the first step to the third step, ensures the high quality of sprouts, ensures the yield of the later-stage south drug, can effectively reduce the pest and disease damage condition of the south drug through the design from the fourth step to the sixth step, promotes the development of seedlings, improves the sprouting survival rate of the south drug seedlings and the growth quality of the south drug seedlings, enhances the disease resistance and stress resistance of the south drug, greatly increases the fruit bearing rate of the south drug through the design from the seventh step and the eighth step, improves the yield of the south drug, and solves the problems of low emergence rate, easy disease contamination and poor fruit bearing rate of the artificial south drug seedling culture in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: a method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: seed selection: selecting fruit with full grains and moderate ripening period, and air-drying at 23-30 deg.C in dry place with sufficient light for 2-4 times, each time for 8-10 hr;
step two: seed treatment: cleaning the aired seeds in an ethanol water solution, fishing out, soaking in a 0.5-0.9% potassium permanganate solution with the water temperature of 12-17 ℃ for 20-30min, fishing out, and peeling off filamentous or shell-shaped outer skins on the surfaces of the seeds;
step three: accelerating germination of seeds: soaking the seeds in the nutrient solution for 12-24h at 25-30 deg.C, taking out, wrapping with wet towel, standing at 25-32 deg.C for 24-48h for germination, spraying water on the towel surface every 10h, and turning over the seeds;
step four: selecting and turning seedling raising land: selecting a wheel cultivated land with lee, convenient irrigation and drainage and deep soil layer for seedling, and mixing hymexazol powder, zineb powder and water according to the proportion of 1: 1: 300, spraying the mixture on the surface of soil according to the dosage of 3000 g/square meter, deep ploughing for 13-20cm, ditching, covering soil, preventing stains, dredging irrigation and drainage channels, applying 900-1250kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, covering a film for 3-5 days, and then leveling and raking the soil;
step five: sowing: adopting ditching and drilling or dibbling, sowing 8-10 kilograms of germinated seeds per mu, covering soil for 1.5-2 centimeters after sowing, watering to keep the water content of the soil at 35-43%, covering and shading when seedlings emerge to 3-5cm to ensure that the shading degree reaches 75-87%, reducing the shading degree to 65-80% when leaves emerge for 6-10 pieces, and ensuring that the germination survival rate of the south Chinese medicinal seedlings is 93-99% after 40-60 days;
step six: and (3) reasonable fertilization: and (3) mixing the nutrient solution and irrigation water according to the proportion of 1-1.5: mixing the materials once according to the proportion of 7-10, irrigating the south medicinal plant to promote early tillering, and applying 150kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of land every 25-40 days in the south medicinal growth period; applying 20-40kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 60-72% of agricultural streptomycin 3200-5-fold liquid and 2.5% of deltamethrin microemulsion 1500-2000-fold liquid to each mu of land every 7-10 days in the heading period of the south Chinese medicinal herb, and growing the south Chinese medicinal herb seedlings to 35-45cm after 150-180 days;
step seven: field planting: selecting a field with daily average temperature of 20-28 deg.C, good shade and sufficient water as field, transplanting south drug seedlings, and after 3-3.5 years, setting percentage of south drug is 38-45%;
step eight: and (3) field treatment: 1. intertillage weeding: weeding for 2-3 times every year 1-2 years after planting, loosening soil around the stem in the first year after planting, starting blooming and fruiting 95-99% of south drug in the third year after planting, reducing shading degree to about 65-70%, and reducing shading degree in shady and near-water parts;
2. stalk shearing: cutting off old and dead and overgrown stalks in the field between 9 months and the bottom of 1 month in the next year, and taking the stalks out of the field;
3. irrigation and water accumulation prevention: in a land plot with serious canopy closure, bundling 10-15 rootstocks into a cluster in rainy season;
4. fertilizing and earthing: applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer for 12 months and 25 days to 2 months next year, and covering soil for 10 months and 15 days to 11 months and 10 days;
5. protection of insect vector and artificial pollination: after blooming, when pollen appears in large amount, the anther is picked off the lipsticks by a small wood chip, then the pollen is smeared by fingers, and the pollen is smeared into the stigma hole.
Further, the ethanol water solution in the step two is prepared by mixing sodium bicarbonate, ethanol and water according to the weight ratio of 5: 8: 300, and mixing the components in proportion.
Further, when the seed skin is stripped in the second step, plant ash is adopted to rub the outer wall of the seed.
Furthermore, in the regions of the crop rotation land with no frost or light frost at the average annual temperature of 19-25 ℃, the soil is sandy soil.
Furthermore, the nutrient solution in the third step is prepared by dissolving 13-16g/L ferrous sulfate, 3.1-4.5g/L borax, 1.5-2.13g/L manganese sulfate, 0.02-0.05g/L copper sulfate, 0.13-0.22g/L zinc sulfate, 10-15g/L sodium nitrate, 63-71g/L calcium superphosphate, 21-26g/L ammonium sulfate, 29-34g/L potassium sulfate and 33-42g/L magnesium sulfate in water with 30-45KHZ ultrasonic vibration as an auxiliary ingredient.
Further, in the fourth step, the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by adding 17-30 parts of zymophyte and 120 parts of 100-containing materials of water at the temperature of 35-55 ℃ into 100-40 kg of rapeseed cakes at the temperature of 35-55 ℃ for fermentation and decomposition reaction for 6-8 hours, wherein the 300 parts of loess, 0.7-1.2 parts of white carbon black, 62-70 parts of peanut residues, 32-38 parts of urea, 12-18 parts of konjaku flour, 0.8-1.5 parts of zinc molybdate, 0.4-0.6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 8-9 parts of citric acid, 225 parts of humic acid, 100-containing materials of chicken manure, 55-120 parts of cow manure, 70-130 parts of straws and 20-40kg of rapeseed cakes.
Furthermore, the method for transplanting the south medicinal seedlings in the seventh step is to open shallow holes of 4-6cm, so that the row spacing of the plants is 90-110cm, and the base parts of the stems are covered with soil of 4-5 cm.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. through the design from the first step to the third step, compared with the prior art, the shell of the south Chinese medicinal herb seeds can be effectively removed through soaking the ethanol aqueous solution and the potassium permanganate solution and rubbing the plant ash, so that the germination of the seeds is facilitated, a large amount of nutrition can be provided for the seeds through the arrangement of the nutrient solution, the low germination rate and the diseased bud condition caused by insufficient nutrients are avoided, the germination efficiency is improved, the quality of bud seedlings is high, and the yield of the south Chinese medicinal herb at the later stage is ensured;
2. through the design of the fourth step to the sixth step, compared with the prior art, the seedling raising ground energy is ensured to provide a proper growth environment, nutrients and water for the south Chinese medicinal seedlings, the pest and disease damage conditions of the south Chinese medicinal seedlings can be effectively reduced through the use of agricultural streptomycin and deltamethrin, the seedling development is promoted, the budding survival rate of the south Chinese medicinal seedlings and the growth quality of the south Chinese medicinal seedlings are improved, and the disease resistance and stress resistance of the south Chinese medicinal seedlings are enhanced;
3. through the design of the seventh step and the eighth step, intertillage weeding can inhibit excessive growth of nutritive bodies and stems, the density of stems and inflorescences of a group is increased, the yield is improved, the stem shearing is convenient to manage, ventilation and light transmission are facilitated, irrigation and water accumulation prevention are facilitated, the growth of the south pesticides is facilitated, the flowering and fruit setting rate of the south pesticides is improved, the fertilization and soil covering are facilitated, the growth, the plant division and the propagation of the south pesticides are facilitated, insect media protection and artificial pollination are achieved, the pollination probability of the south pesticides is effectively increased, the maturing rate of the south pesticides is greatly increased, and the yield of the south pesticides is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: seed selection: selecting fruits with full grains and moderate ripening period, and airing at 23 deg.C in dry place with sufficient light for 2 times, each time for 8 hr;
step two: seed treatment: mixing sodium bicarbonate, ethanol and water according to the weight ratio of 5: 8: 300 into ethanol water solution, cleaning the aired seeds in the ethanol water solution, fishing out, soaking in 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution with the water temperature of 12 ℃ for 20min, and rubbing the outer walls of the seeds with plant ash to strip filamentous or shell-shaped outer skins on the surfaces of the seeds after fishing out;
step three: accelerating germination of seeds: dissolving 13g/L ferrous sulfate, 3.1g/L borax, 1.5g/L manganese sulfate, 0.02g/L copper sulfate, 0.13g/L zinc sulfate, 10g/L sodium nitrate, 63g/L calcium superphosphate, 21g/L ammonium sulfate, 29g/L potassium sulfate and 33g/L magnesium sulfate in water by 30KHZ ultrasonic vibration to obtain a nutrient solution, soaking the seeds in the nutrient solution for 12h, controlling the soaking temperature at 25 ℃, taking out, wrapping with a wet towel, placing at 25 ℃ for 24h for germination, spraying water on the surface of the towel every 10h, and turning over the seeds;
step four: selecting and turning seedling raising land: selecting a region without frost or with light frost, which is windless, convenient to drain and irrigate, deep in soil layer, with the average annual temperature of 19 ℃ and sandy soil as soil, and growing seedlings in a wheel-cultivated land, wherein hymexazol powder, zineb powder and water are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 1: 300, spraying the mixture onto the surface of soil according to the using amount of 3000 g/square meter, deeply ploughing for 13cm, ditching, covering soil, preventing stains, dredging irrigation and drainage channels, adding 17 parts of fermentation bacteria and 100 parts of water into 100 parts of loess, 0.7 part of white carbon black, 62 parts of peanut residues, 32 parts of urea, 12 parts of konjaku flour, 0.8 part of zinc molybdate, 0.4 part of monopotassium phosphate, 8 parts of citric acid, 150 parts of humic acid, 100 parts of chicken manure, 55 parts of cow manure, 70 parts of straws and 20kg of volvaria volvacea cakes at the temperature of 35 ℃, fermenting, decomposing and reacting for 6 hours to prepare a decomposed organic fertilizer, applying 900kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, covering with a film for 3 days, and then finely raking the soil;
step five: sowing: adopting ditching and drilling or dibbling, sowing 8 kilograms of germinated seeds per mu, covering soil for 1.5 centimeters after sowing, watering to keep the water content of the soil at 35 percent, covering and shading when seedlings emerge for 3 centimeters to ensure that the shading degree reaches 75 percent, reducing the shading degree to 65 percent when the seedlings emerge for 6 leaves, and ensuring that the germination survival rate of the south Chinese herb seedlings is 93 percent after 40 days;
step six: and (3) reasonable fertilization: and (3) mixing the nutrient solution and irrigation water according to the proportion of 1: 7, irrigating the south medicinal herb seedlings to promote early tillering, and applying 150kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of land every 25 days in the growth period of the south medicinal herb; applying 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 60 percent of agricultural streptomycin 3200 times solution and 2.5 percent of deltamethrin microemulsion 1500 times solution to each mu of land every 7 days in the ear sprouting period of the south Chinese medicinal herbs, and growing south Chinese medicinal herb seedlings to 35cm after 150 days;
step seven: field planting: selecting a field with the daily average temperature of 20 ℃, well shading and sufficient water as a field, opening shallow holes of 4cm, transplanting south drug seedlings to ensure that the row spacing of plants is 90cm, covering soil on the stem base part for 4cm, and after 3 years, the seed setting rate of the south drug is 38%;
step eight: and (3) field treatment: 1. intertillage weeding: weeding for 2 times every year 1 year after planting, properly loosening soil around the stems in the first year after planting, starting blooming and fruiting 95% of south Chinese herbs in the third year after planting, reducing shade degree to about 65%, and reducing shade degree in shady and near-water parts;
2. stalk shearing: cutting off old and dead and overgrown stalks in the field between 9 months and the bottom of 1 month in the next year, and taking the stalks out of the field;
3. irrigation and water accumulation prevention: in a land parcel with serious canopy, bundling 10 rootstocks into a cluster in rainy season;
4. fertilizing and earthing: applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer for 12 months and 25 days to 2 months next year, and covering soil for 10 months and 15 days to 11 months and 10 days;
5. protection of insect vector and artificial pollination: after blooming, when pollen appears in large amount, the anther is picked off the lipsticks by a small wood chip, then the pollen is smeared by fingers, and the pollen is smeared into the stigma hole.
Example 2:
the invention provides a method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: seed selection: selecting fruits with full grains and moderate ripening period, and airing at 27 deg.C in dry place with sufficient light for 3 times, each time for 9 hr;
step two: seed treatment: mixing sodium bicarbonate, ethanol and water according to the weight ratio of 5: 8: 300 into ethanol water solution, cleaning the aired seeds in the ethanol water solution, fishing out, soaking in 0.7 percent potassium permanganate solution with the water temperature of 15 ℃ for 25min, and rubbing the seeds with plant ash to strip filamentous or shell-shaped outer skins on the outer walls of the seeds after fishing out;
step three: accelerating germination of seeds: dissolving 15g/L ferrous sulfate, 4.0g/L borax, 2.0g/L manganese sulfate, 0.04g/L copper sulfate, 0.18g/L zinc sulfate, 13g/L sodium nitrate, 66g/L calcium superphosphate, 24g/L ammonium sulfate, 32g/L potassium sulfate and 37g/L magnesium sulfate in water by ultrasonic vibration of 37KHZ to obtain a nutrient solution, soaking the seeds in the nutrient solution for 15 hours, controlling the soaking temperature at 28 ℃, taking out, wrapping with a wet towel, placing at 28 ℃ for 30 hours for germination, spraying water on the surface of the towel every 10 hours, and turning over the seeds;
step four: selecting and turning seedling raising land: selecting a region without frost or with light frost, which is windless, convenient to drain and irrigate, deep in soil layer, has an average annual temperature of 23 ℃ and soil of sandy soil, and growing seedlings in a wheel-cultivated land, wherein hymexazol powder, zineb powder and water are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 1: 300, spraying the mixture onto the surface of soil according to the using amount of 3000 g/square meter, deeply ploughing for 16cm, ditching, covering soil, preventing stains, dredging a drainage and irrigation channel, adding 23 parts of zymophyte and 110 parts of water into 200 parts of loess, 1.0 part of white carbon black, 67 parts of peanut residues, 35 parts of urea, 15 parts of konjaku flour, 1.2 parts of zinc molybdate, 0.5 part of monopotassium phosphate, 8.5 parts of citric acid, 180 parts of humic acid, 150 parts of chicken manure, 83 parts of cow dung, 90 parts of straws and 30kg of vegetable mushroom cakes at the temperature of 45 ℃, fermenting, decomposing and reacting for 7 hours to prepare a decomposed organic fertilizer, applying 1100kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, covering a film for 4 days, and then finely raking the soil;
step five: sowing: adopting ditching and drilling or dibbling, sowing 9 kilograms of germinated seeds per mu, covering soil for 1.7 centimeters after sowing, watering to keep the water content of the soil at 40 percent, covering and shading when the seedlings emerge to reach 4 centimeters to ensure that the shading degree reaches 80 percent, reducing the shading degree to 70 percent when 8 leaves emerge, and ensuring that the germination survival rate of the south Chinese herb seedlings is 96 percent after 50 days;
step six: and (3) reasonable fertilization: and (3) mixing the nutrient solution and irrigation water according to the proportion of 1.2: 9, irrigating the south medicinal herb seedlings to promote early tillering, and applying 180kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of land every 30 days in the growth period of the south medicinal herb; applying 30kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 65% of agricultural streptomycin 4000-fold liquid and 2.5% of deltamethrin microemulsion 1700-fold liquid to each mu of land every 9 days in the heading period of the south Chinese medicinal herb, and growing south Chinese medicinal herb seedlings to 40cm after 160 days;
step seven: field planting: selecting a field with daily average temperature of 25 ℃, well shading and sufficient water as a field, opening shallow holes of 5cm, transplanting south drug seedlings to ensure that the row spacing of the plants is 100cm, covering soil on the stem base part for 4.5cm, and after 3.2 years, the seed setting rate of the south drug is 41%;
step eight: and (3) field treatment: 1. intertillage weeding: weeding 2 times each year 1.5 years after planting, properly loosening soil around the stems in the first year after planting, and in the third year after planting, 97% of south Chinese herbs start to blossom and bear fruits, so that the shading degree is reduced to about 67%, and the shading degree of shady and near-water positions can be smaller;
2. stalk shearing: cutting off old and dead and overgrown stalks in the field between 9 months and the bottom of 1 month in the next year, and taking the stalks out of the field;
3. irrigation and water accumulation prevention: in a land parcel with serious canopy, bundling 13 rootstocks into a cluster in rainy season;
4. fertilizing and earthing: applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer for 12 months and 25 days to 2 months next year, and covering soil for 10 months and 15 days to 11 months and 10 days;
5. protection of insect vector and artificial pollination: after blooming, when pollen appears in large amount, the anther is picked off the lipsticks by a small wood chip, then the pollen is smeared by fingers, and the pollen is smeared into the stigma hole.
Example 3:
the invention provides a method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: seed selection: selecting fruits with full grains and moderate ripening period, and airing at the dry place with sufficient light at 30 ℃ for 4 times, 10h each time;
step two: seed treatment: mixing sodium bicarbonate, ethanol and water according to the weight ratio of 5: 8: 300 into ethanol water solution, cleaning the aired seeds in the ethanol water solution, fishing out, soaking in 0.9 percent potassium permanganate solution with the water temperature of 17 ℃ for 30min, and rubbing the seeds with plant ash to strip filamentous or shell-shaped outer skins on the outer walls of the seeds after fishing out;
step three: accelerating germination of seeds: dissolving the seeds in water at the ratio of 16g/L ferrous sulfate, 4.5g/L borax, 2.13g/L manganese sulfate, 0.05g/L copper sulfate, 0.22g/L zinc sulfate, 15g/L sodium nitrate, 71g/L calcium superphosphate, 26g/L ammonium sulfate, 34g/L potassium sulfate and 42g/L magnesium sulfate in 45KHZ ultrasonic vibration to obtain a nutrient solution, soaking the seeds in the nutrient solution for 24 hours, controlling the soaking temperature at 30 ℃, taking out, wrapping the seeds with a wet towel, placing the towel at the temperature of 32 ℃ for 48 hours for germination, spraying water on the surface of the towel every 10 hours, and turning over the seeds;
step four: selecting and turning seedling raising land: selecting a region without frost or with light frost, which is windless, convenient to drain and irrigate, deep in soil layer, 25 ℃ in average annual temperature and with slight frost, growing seedlings in a wheel farmland with sandy soil, and mixing hymexazol powder, zineb powder and water according to the proportion of 1: 1: 300, spraying the mixture onto the surface of soil according to the using amount of 3000 g/square meter, deeply ploughing for 20cm, ditching, covering soil, preventing stains, dredging irrigation and drainage channels, adding 30 parts of zymophyte and 120 parts of water into 300 parts of loess, 1.2 parts of white carbon black, 70 parts of peanut residues, 38 parts of urea, 18 parts of konjaku flour, 1.5 parts of zinc molybdate, 0.6 part of monopotassium phosphate, 9 parts of citric acid, 225 parts of humic acid, 200 parts of chicken manure, 120 parts of cow dung, 130 parts of straws and 40kg of volvaria volvacea cakes at the temperature of 55 ℃, fermenting, decomposing and reacting for 8 hours to prepare decomposed organic fertilizer, applying 1250kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, covering with a film for 5 days, and then finely raking the soil;
step five: sowing: adopting ditching and drilling or dibbling, sowing 10 kilograms of budding seeds per mu, covering soil for 2 centimeters after sowing, watering to keep the water content of the soil at 43 percent, covering and shading when the seedlings emerge to reach 5 centimeters to ensure that the shading degree reaches 87 percent, reducing the shading degree to 80 percent when the seedlings emerge from 10 leaves, and ensuring that the budding survival rate of the south Chinese herb seedlings is 99 percent after 60 days;
step six: and (3) reasonable fertilization: and (3) mixing the nutrient solution and irrigation water according to the proportion of 1.5: mixing once according to the proportion of 10, irrigating south drug seedlings, promoting tillering and early growing, and applying 210kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of land every 40 days in the growth period of the south drug; applying 40kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 5800 times of solution of 72% agricultural streptomycin and 2000 times of solution of 2.5% deltamethrin microemulsion every 10 days in the ear sprouting period of the south Chinese medicinal herbs, and growing the south Chinese medicinal herb seedlings to 45cm after 180 days;
step seven: field planting: selecting a field with daily average temperature of 28 ℃, well shading and sufficient water as a field, opening shallow holes of 6cm, transplanting south drug seedlings to ensure that the row spacing of plants is 110cm, covering soil on the stem base part for 5cm, and after 3.5 years, the seed setting rate of the south drug is 45%;
step eight: and (3) field treatment: 1. intertillage weeding: weeding 3 times each year 2 years after planting, properly loosening soil around the stems in the first year after planting, starting blooming and fruiting 99% of south drug in the third year after planting, reducing shading degree to about 70%, and reducing shading degree in shady and near-water parts;
2. stalk shearing: cutting off old and dead and overgrown stalks in the field between 9 months and the bottom of 1 month in the next year, and taking the stalks out of the field;
3. irrigation and water accumulation prevention: in a land parcel with serious canopy, bundling every 15 rootstocks into a cluster in rainy season;
4. fertilizing and earthing: applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer for 12 months and 25 days to 2 months next year, and covering soil for 10 months and 15 days to 11 months and 10 days;
5. protection of insect vector and artificial pollination: after blooming, when pollen appears in large amount, the anther is picked off the lipsticks by a small wood chip, then the pollen is smeared by fingers, and the pollen is smeared into the stigma hole.
Example 4:
the following data were obtained from examples 1 to 3:
as can be seen from the above table, the south medicine seed breeding and cultivation methods of examples 1 to 4 can improve the emergence rate, disease resistance and seed setting rate of south medicines, but the improvement degree of example 3 is the greatest, through the design of the first step to the third step, the hulls of the south medicine seeds can be effectively removed through the soaking of the ethanol aqueous solution and the potassium permanganate solution and the rubbing of the plant ash, the germination of the seeds is facilitated, through the arrangement of the nutrient solution, a large amount of nutrition can be provided for the seeds, the low emergence rate and the diseased bud condition caused by insufficient nutrients are avoided, the emergence efficiency is improved, the bud seedling quality is high, and the yield of the later-stage south medicines is ensured; through the design of the fourth step to the sixth step, the seedling raising ground energy is ensured to provide a proper growth environment, nutrients and water for the south medicine seedlings, through the use of agricultural streptomycin and deltamethrin, the pest and disease damage condition of the south medicine can be effectively reduced, the seedling development is promoted, the budding survival rate of the south medicine seedlings and the growth quality of the south medicine seedlings are improved, and the disease resistance and stress resistance of the south medicine are enhanced; through the design of the seventh step and the eighth step, intertillage weeding can inhibit excessive growth of nutritive bodies and walking stems, the density of stems and inflorescences of a group is increased, the yield is improved, the stem shearing is convenient to manage, the ventilation and light transmission are also facilitated, irrigation and water accumulation prevention are facilitated, the growth of the south Chinese yam is facilitated, the flowering and fruit setting rate of the south Chinese yam is improved conveniently, the fertilization and earthing are facilitated, the growth, the plant division and the propagation of the south Chinese yam, the pollination probability of the south Chinese yam is effectively increased by protecting insect media and artificial pollination, the maturing rate of the south Chinese yam is greatly increased, and the yield of the south Chinese yam is improved.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: seed selection: selecting fruit with full grains and moderate ripening period, and air-drying at 23-30 deg.C in dry place with sufficient light for 2-4 times, each time for 8-10 hr;
step two: seed treatment: cleaning the aired seeds in an ethanol water solution, fishing out, soaking in a 0.5-0.9% potassium permanganate solution with the water temperature of 12-17 ℃ for 20-30min, fishing out, and peeling off filamentous or shell-shaped outer skins on the surfaces of the seeds;
step three: accelerating germination of seeds: soaking the seeds in the nutrient solution for 12-24h at 25-30 deg.C, taking out, wrapping with wet towel, standing at 25-32 deg.C for 24-48h for germination, spraying water on the towel surface every 10h, and turning over the seeds;
step four: selecting and turning seedling raising land: selecting a wheel cultivated land with lee, convenient irrigation and drainage and deep soil layer for seedling, and mixing hymexazol powder, zineb powder and water according to the proportion of 1: 1: 300, spraying the mixture on the surface of soil according to the dosage of 3000 g/square meter, deep ploughing for 13-20cm, ditching, covering soil, preventing stains, dredging irrigation and drainage channels, applying 900-1250kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, covering a film for 3-5 days, and then leveling and raking the soil;
step five: sowing: adopting ditching and drilling or dibbling, sowing 8-10 kilograms of germinated seeds per mu, covering soil for 1.5-2 centimeters after sowing, watering to keep the water content of the soil at 35-43%, covering and shading when seedlings emerge to 3-5cm to ensure that the shading degree reaches 75-87%, reducing the shading degree to 65-80% when leaves emerge for 6-10 pieces, and ensuring that the germination survival rate of the south Chinese medicinal seedlings is 93-99% after 40-60 days;
step six: and (3) reasonable fertilization: and (3) mixing the nutrient solution and irrigation water according to the proportion of 1-1.5: mixing the materials once according to the proportion of 7-10, irrigating the south medicinal plant to promote early tillering, and applying 150kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of land every 25-40 days in the south medicinal growth period; applying 20-40kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 60-72% of agricultural streptomycin 3200-5-fold liquid and 2.5% of deltamethrin microemulsion 1500-2000-fold liquid to each mu of land every 7-10 days in the heading period of the south Chinese medicinal herb, and growing the south Chinese medicinal herb seedlings to 35-45cm after 150-180 days;
step seven: field planting: selecting a field with daily average temperature of 20-28 deg.C, good shade and sufficient water as field, transplanting south drug seedlings, and after 3-3.5 years, setting percentage of south drug is 38-45%;
step eight: and (3) field treatment: 1. intertillage weeding: weeding for 2-3 times every year 1-2 years after planting, loosening soil around the stem in the first year after planting, starting blooming and fruiting 95-99% of south drug in the third year after planting, reducing shading degree to about 65-70%, and reducing shading degree in shady and near-water parts;
2. stalk shearing: cutting off old and dead and overgrown stalks in the field between 9 months and the bottom of 1 month in the next year, and taking the stalks out of the field;
3. irrigation and water accumulation prevention: in a land plot with serious canopy closure, bundling 10-15 rootstocks into a cluster in rainy season;
4. fertilizing and earthing: applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer for 12 months and 25 days to 2 months next year, and covering soil for 10 months and 15 days to 11 months and 10 days;
5. protection of insect vector and artificial pollination: after blooming, when pollen appears in large amount, the anther is picked off the lipsticks by a small wood chip, then the pollen is smeared by fingers, and the pollen is smeared into the stigma hole.
2. The method for selectively breeding and cultivating south medicine seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ethanol water solution in the second step is prepared by mixing sodium bicarbonate, ethanol and water according to the proportion of 5: 8: 300, and mixing the components in proportion.
3. The method for selectively breeding and cultivating south medicine seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and rubbing the outer wall of the seeds by using plant ash when the outer skins of the seeds are stripped in the second step.
4. The method for selectively breeding and cultivating south medicine seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the region of the crop rotation farmland with no frost or light frost at the average annual temperature of 19-25 ℃, the soil is sandy soil.
5. The method for selectively breeding and cultivating south medicine seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the nutrient solution in the third step is prepared by dissolving 13-16g/L ferrous sulfate, 3.1-4.5g/L borax, 1.5-2.13g/L manganese sulfate, 0.02-0.05g/L copper sulfate, 0.13-0.22g/L zinc sulfate, 10-15g/L sodium nitrate, 63-71g/L calcium superphosphate, 21-26g/L ammonium sulfate, 29-34g/L potassium sulfate and 33-42g/L magnesium sulfate in water with the auxiliary proportion of 30-45KHZ ultrasonic vibration.
6. The method for selectively breeding and cultivating south medicine seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by adding 17-30 parts of zymophyte and 100-containing 120 parts of water at the temperature of 35-55 ℃ into 100-55 ℃ for fermentation and decomposition reaction for 6-8 hours by using 300 parts of loess, 0.7-1.2 parts of white carbon black, 62-70 parts of peanut residues, 32-38 parts of urea, 12-18 parts of konjaku flour, 0.8-1.5 parts of zinc molybdate, 0.4-0.6 part of monopotassium phosphate, 8-9 parts of citric acid, 150-containing 225 parts of humic acid, 100-containing 200 parts of chicken manure, 55-120 parts of cow manure, 70-130 parts of straws and 20-40kg of vegetable mushroom cakes.
7. The method for selectively breeding and cultivating south medicine seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for transplanting the south medicinal seedlings in the seventh step is to open shallow holes of 4-6cm, so that the row spacing of the plants is 90-110cm, and the base parts of the stems are covered with soil of 4-5 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110251961.XA CN112930752A (en) | 2021-03-08 | 2021-03-08 | Method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110251961.XA CN112930752A (en) | 2021-03-08 | 2021-03-08 | Method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112930752A true CN112930752A (en) | 2021-06-11 |
Family
ID=76228880
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110251961.XA Pending CN112930752A (en) | 2021-03-08 | 2021-03-08 | Method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112930752A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113924929A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-14 | 温州科技职业学院 | Rice planting method rich in trace elements |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104838866A (en) * | 2015-05-24 | 2015-08-19 | 宁明县红枫中药材种植专业合作社 | Amomum planting method |
| CN105248077A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-01-20 | 金秀瑶族自治县瑶医医院 | Organic plantation method of Yao medicine Paris polyphylla |
| CN105660146A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-06-15 | 黄振忠 | Alpinia oxyphylla seedling cultivating method |
| CN108541538A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-18 | 安徽省蓝渡农业科技有限公司 | The implantation methods of Radix Astragali |
| CN109169094A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-11 | 武定县荣慧农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of Paris polyphylla method for culturing seedlings |
| CN109952926A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-02 | 甘肃渭水源药业科技有限公司 | A kind of Ecological preventive way of Radix Codonopsis prevention and treatment root rot |
-
2021
- 2021-03-08 CN CN202110251961.XA patent/CN112930752A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104838866A (en) * | 2015-05-24 | 2015-08-19 | 宁明县红枫中药材种植专业合作社 | Amomum planting method |
| CN105248077A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-01-20 | 金秀瑶族自治县瑶医医院 | Organic plantation method of Yao medicine Paris polyphylla |
| CN105660146A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-06-15 | 黄振忠 | Alpinia oxyphylla seedling cultivating method |
| CN109952926A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-02 | 甘肃渭水源药业科技有限公司 | A kind of Ecological preventive way of Radix Codonopsis prevention and treatment root rot |
| CN108541538A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-18 | 安徽省蓝渡农业科技有限公司 | The implantation methods of Radix Astragali |
| CN109169094A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-11 | 武定县荣慧农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of Paris polyphylla method for culturing seedlings |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 汪佳维 等: ""贵阳地区三七引种育苗技术"", 《贵州农业科学》 * |
| 赵书山: ""五味子的优质栽培技术"", 《农业与技术》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113924929A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-14 | 温州科技职业学院 | Rice planting method rich in trace elements |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102342215B (en) | Ginger seedling-raising, transplanting and cultivating method | |
| CN102498843B (en) | Sweet potato cultivation method in hills and mountains | |
| CN103798018A (en) | Planting method of strawberries | |
| CN104855231A (en) | Gingko planting method | |
| CN103798020A (en) | Planting method of towel gourds | |
| CN103814723A (en) | Efficient cultivation method for high-altitude area radix dipsaci | |
| CN106034930A (en) | Apple planting method | |
| CN102986437A (en) | Method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially | |
| CN104823655A (en) | Cultivation method of mulberries | |
| CN104871800A (en) | Cultivation method of cape jasmines | |
| CN105660239A (en) | Purple yam seedling growing cultivation medium and seedling growing method thereof | |
| CN111226721A (en) | Konjak and lily intercropping cultivation method | |
| CN111226723A (en) | Cultivation method for intercropping konjak and astragalus membranaceus | |
| CN105850286A (en) | Asparagus planting method | |
| CN103563626A (en) | Method for efficiently cultivating Chinese yams in manner of interplanting Chinese cabbages and bitter gourd | |
| CN111165304A (en) | Planting method for prolonging growth period of Chinese herbaceous peony | |
| CN109247174B (en) | Cultivation method for mulberry fruit bearing in three seasons | |
| CN113243260A (en) | Cultivation method for mixed culture of purple perilla and konjak | |
| CN107493915A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of numb Chinese yam | |
| CN100388876C (en) | Five-finger fig root standarded and industrilized seed breeding planting method | |
| CN112930752A (en) | Method for breeding and cultivating south drug seeds | |
| CN106069062B (en) | A kind of extremely frigid zones toxicity-removing white potato cultural method | |
| CN108781967A (en) | Evodia rutaecarpa and woaded blue stereo ecological implantation methods | |
| CN109006314A (en) | A kind of ridge sugarcane ditch spiral shell zoology breeding method | |
| CN101292600A (en) | Cajanus cajan cultivation method for dry heat stream valley dry hillside fields |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210611 |