WO2021103838A1 - Procédé à haut rendement de plantation de taro - Google Patents

Procédé à haut rendement de plantation de taro Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021103838A1
WO2021103838A1 PCT/CN2020/121573 CN2020121573W WO2021103838A1 WO 2021103838 A1 WO2021103838 A1 WO 2021103838A1 CN 2020121573 W CN2020121573 W CN 2020121573W WO 2021103838 A1 WO2021103838 A1 WO 2021103838A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
taro
fertilizer
soil
biogas slurry
biogas
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/121573
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
成武锋
Original Assignee
蓝山县裕峰蔬菜种植专业合作社
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Publication of WO2021103838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021103838A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for planting crops, in particular to a method for high-yield planting of taro.
  • Fragrant taro 110-150 cm tall.
  • the leaves are broadly ovoid and the petioles are green.
  • the bulb is long oval, dark brown, fleshy white, with purple-red markings.
  • the mother taro is large and the child taro is long ovoid, with 6 to 10 seed taro per plant.
  • the yield per plant is 2.5 to 3 kg.
  • Colocasia is a cultivated species in the genus Leguminosae, a perennial herb, and is cultivated annually.
  • the edible part of taro has a spherical tuber, which looks like a small potato, with a diameter of 2 to 4 cm.
  • Fragrant taro is rich in nutrients, good in color, fragrance and taste, and was once known as the "King of Vegetables”. Fragrant taro is rich in nutrients, good in color, fragrance and taste, and was once the king of vegetables.
  • each 100g contains 87g of edible portion; calories 87 kcal; B1 thiamine 0.3mg; calcium 45mg; protein 3g; B2 riboflavin 0.4mg; magnesium 25mg; fat 1g; B5 niacin 3mg; iron 1.4mg Carbohydrate 18.6g; Vitamin C6mg; Dietary fiber 1.1g; Copper 0.2mg; Carotene 8 ⁇ g; Phosphorus 33mg; Retinol equivalent 76.4 ⁇ g; Selenium 1.92 ⁇ g.
  • the habit of sweet taro likes light and heat, and is intolerant to low temperature, high temperature and strong light. Sprout starts above 10°C, and the optimum germination temperature is 15-20°C; the temperature is higher than 30°C, which is not conducive to the accumulation of assimilation products; Safely survive the winter underground.
  • the growth of taro should avoid drought, but should not be too humid, and should avoid standing water. Therefore, high pits, stagnant water, and low-lying fields are not suitable for planting. Suitable for fertile sandy loam, with a pH value of 6-8, and good soil drainage conditions.
  • sweet taro Although many methods have been proposed for the cultivation and planting of sweet taro in the prior art, such as CN107493893A-a method for planting organic sweet taro, CN107691149A-a method for growing selenium-enriched charcoal betel nut taro, CN108713469A-cultivation of Linwu sweet taro Method, CN108967092A-a high-yield planting method for taro, which improves the product and quality of taro by optimizing fertilization, but the fertilization methods in the prior art are limited to the use of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, and the use of biogas is not given.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for high-yield planting of taro by using biogas slurry and biogas waste as base fertilizer for taro and optimizing fertilization management.
  • a high-yield planting method for taro includes the following steps:
  • Seed selection choose seeds that have seeds and are healthy
  • Powder ridges and soil disinfection powder ridges on the rice harvested fields, and ditching to form interlaced high and low borders, the height of the high borders is 20-25cm, the height of the low borders is 5-8cm, and the border width is 1.2-1.5. m, the border interval is 30-40cm; then use the mixed solution of soil nitrate, dixon and chlorothalonil mixed in proportion to spray on the soil after the powder ridge;
  • Bottom fertilizer Every winter, use a mechanical soil puncher to make bottom fertilizer holes on the high border.
  • the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes corresponds to the plant spacing and row spacing of the taro.
  • the depth of the bottom fertilizer holes is greater than or equal to 10cm, and the diameter is 8 ⁇ 15cm, and then irrigate the biogas fertilizer with biogas slurry as the main fertilizer at the rate of 2 tons to 4 tons/mu into the bottom fertilizer hole;
  • Transplanting seedlings The taro seedlings are connected to the roots and the soil is taken up. Then, the taro seedlings are placed in the center of the planting pit on the side of the bottom fertilizer hole and covered with 3 to 4 cm. Soil, then water and compact;
  • the high-yield planting method of taro also includes pest control.
  • the specific operation of pest control is: spraying lambda-cyhalothrin once a year in April to achieve the prevention and control of ground insects, spraying dimethomorph once in May , Prevention and treatment of insect diseases.
  • the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same row is 15-25 cm; the spacing between two adjacent rows of bottom fertilizer holes is 30-50 cm.
  • the base fertilizer is composed of 85-90% biogas slurry, 5-12% biogas residue, and 1-5% dry rice stalks with a length of 1-5 mm.
  • the base fertilizer is composed of 85-90% biogas slurry, 5-12% biogas residue, and 1-5% dry rice stalks with a length of 1-5 mm.
  • 1/3 ⁇ 2/3 of the dry rice stalks are laid in the bottom fertilizer hole, then the biogas residue is applied, and then the biogas slurry is poured, and finally the remaining dry rice stalks are covered on the upper liquid surface of the biogas slurry.
  • the dry rice stalks applied at the bottom of the bottom fertilizer hole enhance the air permeability of the bottom of the soil and avoid the phenomenon that the biogas residue is easy to harden the soil after the application of the existing organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer; the biogas slurry above the biogas residue can quickly penetrate In the soil around the bottom fertilizer hole, it is laborious to maintain the soil around the bottom fertilizer hole; accordingly, the dry rice stalk covering the top of the biogas slurry can avoid the rapid volatilization or steaming of the biogas slurry, and is beneficial to the biogas residue in the bottom fertilizer hole Fermentation again can also absorb the active ingredients in the biogas slurry, ensure the fertility of the soil surface, and further maintain the soil relaxation.
  • the base fertilizer of the present invention is mainly biogas slurry, which not only contains very rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, various amino acids, vitamins, proteins, gibberellins, auxins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, antibiotics, etc.
  • organic fertilizer will not cause compaction in the bottom soil, and will be more easily absorbed and utilized by the tubers of the taro. It can promote the rooting of the taro and increase the survival rate of the taro.
  • the biogas slurry is also rich in butyric acid. , Indole acetic acid, vitamin B12 and other active resistance substances, not only can improve the resistance of the taro itself, but also can kill a large number of larvae and eggs.
  • the beneficial effects of the high-yield planting method of sweet taro of the present invention because the biogas slurry is in liquid state, its fluidity and permeability are good, and the base fertilizer mainly made of biogas slurry is applied to the soil in the winter of the year before the sweet taro is planted.
  • Seed selection choose seeds that have seeds and are healthy
  • Powder ridges and soil disinfection powder ridges on the rice harvested fields and ditching to form interlaced high and low borders.
  • the height of the high border is 20cm
  • the height of the low border is 6cm
  • the border width is 6.5m
  • the border interval is 40cm.
  • Bottom fertilizer Every winter, use a mechanical soil puncher to make bottom fertilizer holes on the high border.
  • the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes corresponds to the plant spacing and row spacing of the taro.
  • the depth of the bottom fertilizer holes is greater than or equal to 10cm, and the diameter is 10cm, then irrigate the biogas fertilizer with biogas slurry into the bottom fertilizer hole at a rate of 3 tons/mu;
  • the biogas fertilizer is composed of 90% biogas slurry and 10% biogas residue by weight, and the biogas residue and the biogas residue are uniformly mixed and then poured into the bottom fertilizer hole at one time;
  • Pest prevention and control The specific operation of pest prevention and control is: spray lambda-cyhalothrin once a year in April to achieve the prevention and control of ground insects, and spray dimethomorph once in May to prevent and control pests;
  • the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same row is 20cm; the spacing between two adjacent rows of bottom fertilizer holes is 40cm.
  • the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same line can also be 18cm; the spacing between two adjacent rows of bottom fertilizer holes 35cm; or, the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same row can also be 25cm; the spacing between two adjacent rows of bottom fertilizer holes is 50cm; or, the spacing between adjacent bottom fertilizer holes in the same row is 15cm; two adjacent rows The spacing between the bottom fertilizer holes is 45cm.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the high-yield planting method of taro in this example has the following differences:
  • the base fertilizer is composed of 90% biogas slurry, 6% biogas residue and 4% of 1 ⁇ 5mm dry rice stalks.
  • the base fertilizer When applying the base fertilizer, first spread 1/2 of the dry rice stalks on the base fertilizer. Then put the biogas residue into the hole, then pour the biogas slurry, and finally cover the upper liquid surface of the biogas slurry with the remaining 1/2 of the dry rice stalks.
  • the composition and distribution ratio of the base fertilizer can also be adjusted according to the nutrients of the soil.
  • the base fertilizer is composed of 85% biogas slurry, 10% biogas residue and 5% of 3mm dry rice stalks. At the time, first lay 2/3 of the dry rice stalks in the bottom fertilizer hole, then apply the biogas residue, and then water the biogas slurry, and finally cover the remaining 1/3 of the dry rice stalks on the upper liquid surface of the biogas slurry.
  • the base fertilizer is composed of 87% biogas slurry, 12% biogas residue and 1% of 5mm-long dry rice stalks.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the high-yield planting method of taro in this example has the following differences:
  • the base fertilizer is composed of 85-90% biogas slurry, 5-12% biogas residue, and 1-5% of 1-5 mm long dry rice stalks.
  • the base fertilizer first apply 1% of the dry rice stalks. /3 ⁇ 2/3 are laid in the bottom fertilizer hole, then the biogas residue is applied, then the biogas slurry is poured, and finally the remaining dry rice stalks are covered on the upper liquid surface of the biogas slurry.
  • Paclobutrazol was not detected in the taro planted in the above examples.
  • Examples 1 to 3 of the present application all applied biogas fertilizer with biogas slurry as the base fertilizer, and then applied organic fertilizer in stages.
  • Compound fertilizer and neutral fertilizer compared with the control example, significantly improved the soil effort and air permeability of the taro planting, increased the growth rate of the taro and the absorption rate of soil fertility, and improved by spraying biogas slurry and water The ability of taro to resist lodging, insect disease, and drought, thereby achieving a significant increase in the yield of taro.
  • the average density of taro and the average quality of taro in Examples 1 to 3 are slightly lower than the control examples.
  • the reason may be that the base fertilizer and organic fertilizer were applied before planting, which promoted the growth of tubers and stimulated the rapid growth of taro tuber cells, resulting in intercellular growth.
  • the percentage of air gap increases, so the density and average quality of the commercial taro in the comparative example are lower.
  • the disease rate of taro in the control example is higher than that in the examples 1 to 3.
  • the reason may be that the control example does not use biogas fertilizer as a base fertilizer, and does not disinfect the soil before planting, but uses anti-linen to cause pests and diseases.
  • a certain degree of prevention was obtained; in Example 1, a mixture of soil nitrate, dixon, chlorothalonil, etc. was used to sterilize the soil before planting, and a biogas fertilizer based on biogas slurry was used as a base fertilizer, which improved the soil's effort and the effect of pests and diseases.
  • Example 2 optimizes the composition ratio and application method of biogas fertilizer, so that the fertility of the taro planting soil is more suitable for the growth of taro, and combined with soil disinfection and pest control, the relative control of pests during the planting of taro Example 1 is better;
  • Example 3 is based on the previous examples by spraying a mixture of biogas slurry and water, and the active resistance substances such as butyric acid, indole acetic acid, vitamin B12 in the biogas slurry can kill the tubers of taro A large number of larvae and worm eggs on the leaf surface further reduce the disease rate of taro.

Abstract

L'invention divulgue un procédé à haut rendement pour planter le taro, comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à : 1) sélectionner les graines, à savoir, sélectionner les graines saines parmi les graines ; 2) effectuer un broyage de billons et une désinfection du sol ; 3) appliquer un engrais de base, à savoir, en hiver chaque année, former des trous d'engrais de base sur des billons élevés en utilisant une machine de perforation de sol mécanique, la distance entre des trous d'engrais de base adjacents correspondant à l'espacement des plantes et à l'espacement des lignes de taro sur une base biunivoque, la profondeur des trous d'engrais de base est supérieure ou égale à 10 cm et leur diamètre est de 8 à 15 cm ; puis arroser avec un engrais à base de biogaz, en prenant une bouillie de biogaz en tant que composant principal, les trous d'engrais de base à une vitesse de 2 à 4 tonnes/mu ; 4) transplanter les semis ; 5) effectuer une gestion d'eau et d'engrais ; et 6) récolter. Selon le procédé à haut rendement de plantation de taro, l'engrais de base prenant une bouillie de biogaz en tant que composant principal est appliqué au sol en hiver l'année avant que le taro soit planté, la bouillie de biogaz a une aptitude à l'écoulement et une perméabilité élevées, ce qui est favorable pour que le sol absorbe complètement la fertilité de la bouillie de biogaz, améliorant efficacement la qualité du sol et empêchant le durcissement du sol. L'engrais de base et l'engrais organique dans l'étape précoce sont également aptes à améliorer la résistance à la sécheresse du taro dans la période ultérieure, la quantité d'utilisation d'engrais à base de composés chimiques est réduite et le goût du taro est davantage amélioré.
PCT/CN2020/121573 2019-11-29 2020-10-16 Procédé à haut rendement de plantation de taro WO2021103838A1 (fr)

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CN201911196110.9 2019-11-29
CN201911196110.9A CN111096205A (zh) 2019-11-29 2019-11-29 一种香芋的高产量种植方法

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CN115010530A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-09-06 江苏省农业科学院 一种提高芋头品质的肥料制备及使用方法

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CN111096205A (zh) * 2019-11-29 2020-05-05 蓝山县裕峰蔬菜种植专业合作社 一种香芋的高产量种植方法
CN111685007A (zh) * 2020-07-03 2020-09-22 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 一种芋头插秧式栽培方法
CN113615505A (zh) * 2021-09-16 2021-11-09 浙江天地环保科技股份有限公司 一种沼液替代化肥施用种植单季茭白的方法

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