CN108967092A - 一种香芋的高产种植方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种香芋的高产种植方法，本发明整地时施入有机肥，能够改善土壤中有机质含量，为荔浦芋的生长提供了生长的基础在香芋的生长阶段追施复合肥，复合肥中的腐熟的猪粪肥质地细腻与干牛粪肥疏松吸水性强，两者配合使用提供了丰富的粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗纤维等营养元素，同时具有增加土壤有机质、改善土壤结构等作用银杏叶腐化物含量银杏中黄酮等活性成分，能够植物病菌具有抑制作用，同时可防治叶螨、桃蚜、二化螟等害虫在施肥的同时，增加的驱虫成分多多种害虫和病菌进行抑制和杀灭，有利于荔浦芋头健康生长，提高肥料利用率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农作物种植领域，特别涉及一种香芋的高产种植方法。
背景技术
香芋属豆科土栾儿属中的栽培种，多年生草本植物，做一年生栽培。香芋的食用部分球状块根，外观似小土豆，直径一般2-4厘米，表皮黄褐色，其肉似薯类，但味道好似板栗，甘而芳香，食后余味不尽，故名香芋。香芋营养丰富，色，香、味俱佳，曾被人誉为“蔬菜之王”。香芋营养丰富，色、香、味俱佳，曾被人为蔬菜之王。现有方法栽培香芋时，起垄低，同期灌水，块茎容易得病毒，并且水肥情况不合理，导致芋苗生长缓慢，根系生长差，黄叶死苗多。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种香芋的高产种植方法，可以有效减少块茎的病毒害，提高水肥利用率，使香芋的产量提高。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种香芋的高产种植方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)选址整地：选择土层深厚，土壤肥沃，排水性能好的土地，深翻土层35-50cm，每亩施有机肥2000-2200kg；5-10天后，起垄，垄高30-35cm，垄间距50-60cm，在垄顶中间开种植沟，沟宽30-40cm，深20-25cm；
(2)选择种芋：选择优质、抗病、抗逆性强的种芋；用质量分数0.1-0.2％的高锰酸钾溶液，在温度为15-20℃的条件下浸种2-3小时，用清水洗净晾干后催芽，待芽长3-4cm时将种芋移栽到种植沟中，浇足水，在种芋上方覆盖1-2cm厚度的细沙和1-2cm厚度的稻草；
(3)肥水管理：种芋活棵后结合中耕培土每隔15-20d追肥1次；8-9片叶后，每亩施复合肥300-500kg，追肥3-4次；保持土壤湿润，活棵后4-6d浇水1次，根据天气情况定期补充水分；
(4)培土：在芋苗有4-5片叶时填平浅沟，6-7片叶再浅中耕培土1次，当有8-9片叶时结合追肥，培成高度20-25cm的小高垄；当芋头长有8-9片叶、株高60-65cm时，每亩喷洒矮壮素60mL或多效唑150g，7月下旬-8月中旬可再用多效唑150g喷施叶面，用量可视植株长势强弱酌情增减。
优选地，步骤(1)所述有机肥为腐熟的鸡粪肥、秸秆灰、甘蔗渣和棉籽壳以重量比为4：2：2：2的比例与益生菌无氧发酵10-25天后制得。
优选地，步骤(3)所述复合肥按照重量百分数计包括腐熟的猪粪肥20-35％、干牛粪肥10-25％、草木灰5-15％、花生麸5-10％、银杏叶腐化土15-30％、植物驱虫复合物10-20％、磷酸二氢钾8-20％、尿素4-12％。
更进一步地，上述植物驱虫复合物按照重量份数计包括苦皮藤4-6份、青蒿4-8份、丁香3-5份、芹菜5-8份、生姜2-5份溶于100份水中，混合均匀即得。
优选地，步骤(3)浇水采用机械喷洒或将水灌在沟中人工浇洒，灌水宜在早晚进行。
本发明的有益效果：本发明整地时施入有机肥，有机肥中腐熟的鸡粪肥、秸秆灰、甘蔗渣和棉籽壳经过益生菌无氧发酵过程，使有机肥中粗蛋白、氨基酸、植物多糖等营养元素易吸收，能够改善土壤中有机质含量，为荔浦芋的生长提供了生长的基础；起垄时垄高提高至30-35cm，适合芋头整个块茎的高度，从而避免了芋头膨大期因灌水时水浸引起烂根的现象；在香芋的生长阶段追施复合肥，复合肥中的腐熟的猪粪肥质地细腻与干牛粪肥疏松吸水性强，两者配合使用提供了丰富的粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗纤维等营养元素，同时具有增加土壤有机质、改善土壤结构等作用；配合使用草木灰、花生麸与磷酸二氢钾、尿素提供了大量的K、N、P等无机营养元素，易吸收；银杏叶腐化物含量银杏中黄酮等活性成分，能够植物病菌具有抑制作用，同时可防治叶螨、桃蚜、二化螟等害虫；植物驱虫复合物包括苦皮藤、青蒿、丁香、芹菜、生姜，其中苦皮藤含有活性苦皮藤素，本发明植物驱虫复合物是一种植物农药，不含化学农药和有毒的化学产品成分，对于菜青虫、小菜蛾、蚜虫具有驱杀作用；在施肥的同时，增加的驱虫成分多多种害虫和病菌进行抑制和杀灭，有利于香芋健康生长，提高肥料利用率。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
有机肥的制备：将腐熟的鸡粪肥40份、秸秆灰20份、甘蔗渣20份和棉籽壳20份在益生菌无氧发酵10天后，沼气渣100份混合均匀，备用；
复合肥的制备：将腐熟的猪粪肥20份、干牛粪肥20份、草木灰8份、花生麸10份、银杏叶腐化土20份、植物驱虫复合物10份、磷酸二氢钾8份、尿素4份，混合均匀，备用；
其中植物驱虫复合物的制备方法：将苦皮藤4份、青蒿4份、丁香3份、芹菜5份、生姜2份洗净，烘干，磨粉，放入提取罐内；在提取罐内加入72份95％乙醇，加热至沸腾后开始计时，回流提取2h；自然冷却后，过滤，收集滤液，滤渣放回提取罐内加入36份60％乙醇溶液，加热至沸腾后开始计时，回流提取1h；自然冷却，过滤，收集滤液，合并两次滤液，将滤液在70℃减压浓缩，得到比重为1.5浓缩液，溶于100份水中，混合均匀即得；
(1)选址整地：选择土层深厚，土壤肥沃，排水性能好的土地，深翻土层35-50cm，每亩施有机肥2000kg；5-10天后，起垄，垄高30-35cm，垄间距50-60cm，在垄顶中间开种植沟，沟宽30-40cm，深20-25cm；
(2)选择种芋：选择优质、抗病、抗逆性强的种芋；用质量分数0.1％的高锰酸钾溶液，在温度为15-20℃的条件下浸种2-3小时，用清水洗净晾干后催芽，待芽长3-4cm时将种芋移栽到种植沟中，浇足水，在种芋上方覆盖1-2cm厚度的细沙和1-2cm厚度的稻草；
(3)肥水管理：种芋活棵后结合中耕培土每隔15-20d追肥1次；8-9片叶后，每亩施复合肥350kg，追肥3-4次；保持土壤湿润，活棵后4-6d浇水1次，根据天气情况定期补充水分；浇水采用机械喷洒或将水灌在沟中人工浇洒，灌水宜在早晚进行；
(4)培土：在芋苗有4-5片叶时填平浅沟，6-7片叶再浅中耕培土1次，当有8-9片叶时结合追肥，培成高度20-25cm的小高垄；当芋头长有8-9片叶、株高60-65cm时，每亩喷洒矮壮素60mL或多效唑150g，7月下旬-8月中旬可再用多效唑150g喷施叶面，用量可视植株长势强弱酌情增减。
实施例2
有机肥的制备：将腐熟的鸡粪肥40份、秸秆灰20份、甘蔗渣20份和棉籽壳20份在益生菌无氧发酵15天后，沼气渣100份混合均匀，备用；
复合肥的制备：将腐熟的猪粪肥25份、干牛粪肥20份、草木灰10份、花生麸8份、银杏叶腐化土15份、植物驱虫复合物10份、磷酸二氢钾8份、尿素4份，混合均匀，备用；
其中植物驱虫复合物的制备方法：将苦皮藤5份、青蒿6份、丁香4份、芹菜6份、生姜3份洗净，烘干，磨粉，放入提取罐内；在提取罐内加入120份95％乙醇，加热至沸腾后开始计时，回流提取2.5h；自然冷却后，过滤，收集滤液，滤渣放回提取罐内加入70份60％乙醇溶液，加热至沸腾后开始计时，回流提取1.5h；自然冷却，过滤，收集滤液，合并两次滤液，将滤液在75℃减压浓缩，得到比重为1.6浓缩液，溶于100份水中，混合均匀即得；
(1)选址整地：选择土层深厚，土壤肥沃，排水性能好的土地，深翻土层45-50cm，每亩施有机肥2000kg；5-10天后，起垄，垄高30-35cm，垄间距50-60cm，在垄顶中间开种植沟，沟宽30-40cm，深20-25cm；
(2)选择种芋：选择优质、抗病、抗逆性强的种芋；用质量分数0.1-0.2％的高锰酸钾溶液，在温度为15-20℃的条件下浸种2-3小时，用清水洗净晾干后催芽，待芽长3-4cm时将种芋移栽到种植沟中，浇足水，在种芋上方覆盖1-2cm厚度的细沙和1-2cm厚度的稻草；
(3)肥水管理：种芋活棵后结合中耕培土每隔15-20d追肥1次；8-9片叶后，每亩施复合肥300-500kg，追肥3-4次；保持土壤湿润，活棵后4-6d浇水1次，根据天气情况定期补充水分；浇水采用机械喷洒或将水灌在沟中人工浇洒，灌水宜在早晚进行；
(4)培土：在芋苗有4-5片叶时填平浅沟，6-7片叶再浅中耕培土1次，当有8-9片叶时结合追肥，培成高度20-25cm的小高垄；当芋头长有8-9片叶、株高60-65cm时，每亩喷洒矮壮素60mL或多效唑150g，7月下旬-8月中旬可再用多效唑150g喷施叶面，用量可视植株长势强弱酌情增减。
对比例1
对比例1采用香芋的传统种植方法。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的步骤基本相同，不同点在于：步骤(3)中加入的复合肥由腐熟的猪粪肥20份、干牛粪肥20份、草木灰8份、花生麸10份、磷酸二氢钾8份、尿素4份组成。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1的步骤基本相同，不同点在于：方法中使用的有机肥与复合肥均为市售有机肥与复合肥。
选取5处土质条件、光照和排水情况均相似的土地作为试验田，分别采用本实施例、对比例的种植方法种植香芋，记录和观察香芋的病害情况和产量，具体情况如表1所示：
| 种芋存活率 | 病害率 | 亩产量/kg | |
| 实施例1 | 99.2％ | 0.55％ | 2423 |
| 实施例2 | 98.7％ | 0.40％ | 2285 |
| 对比例1 | 92.1％ | 3.89％ | 1493 |
| 对比例2 | 96.5 | 3.45％ | 1965 |
| 对比例3 | 95.7 | 4.06％ | 1685 |
Claims (5)
1.一种香芋的高产种植方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)选址整地：选择土层深厚，土壤肥沃，排水性能好的土地，深翻土层35-50cm，每亩施有机肥2000-2200kg；5-10天后，起垄，垄高30-35cm，垄间距50-60cm，在垄顶中间开种植沟，沟宽30-40cm，深20-25cm；
(2)选择种芋：选择优质、抗病、抗逆性强的种芋；用质量分数0.1-0.2％的高锰酸钾溶液，在温度为15-20℃的条件下浸种2-3小时，用清水洗净晾干后催芽，待芽长3-4cm时将种芋移栽到种植沟中，浇足水，在种芋上方覆盖1-2cm厚度的细沙和1-2cm厚度的稻草；
(3)肥水管理：种芋活棵后结合中耕培土每隔15-20d追肥1次；8-9片叶后，每亩施复合肥300-500kg，追肥3-4次；保持土壤湿润，活棵后4-6d浇水1次，根据天气情况定期补充水分；
(4)培土：在芋苗有4-5片叶时填平浅沟，6-7片叶再浅中耕培土1次，当有8-9片叶时结合追肥，培成高度20-25cm的小高垄；当芋头长有8-9片叶、株高60-65cm时，每亩喷洒矮壮素60mL或多效唑150g，7月下旬-8月中旬可再用多效唑150g喷施叶面，用量可视植株长势强弱酌情增减。
2.根据权利要求1所述的香芋的高产种植方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述有机肥为腐熟的鸡粪肥、秸秆灰、甘蔗渣和棉籽壳以重量比为4：2：2：2的比例与益生菌无氧发酵10-25天后制得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的香芋的高产种植方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述复合肥按照重量百分数计包括腐熟的猪粪肥20-35％、干牛粪肥10-25％、草木灰5-15％、花生麸5-10％、银杏叶腐化土15-30％、植物驱虫复合物10-20％、磷酸二氢钾8-20％、尿素4-12％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的香芋的高产种植方法，其特征在于，所述植物驱虫复合物按照重量份数计包括苦皮藤4-6份、青蒿4-8份、丁香3-5份、芹菜5-8份、生姜2-5份溶于100份水中，混合均匀即得。
5.根据权利要求1所述的香芋的高产种植方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)浇水采用机械喷洒或将水灌在沟中人工浇洒，灌水宜在早晚进行。
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| CN111096205A (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-05-05 | 蓝山县裕峰蔬菜种植专业合作社 | 一种香芋的高产量种植方法 |
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| CN110199761A (zh) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-06 | 镇江市丹徒区上党镇里墅村茶林场 | 一种金山翠芽的改良种植方法 |
| CN111096205A (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-05-05 | 蓝山县裕峰蔬菜种植专业合作社 | 一种香芋的高产量种植方法 |
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