CN102301870A - Floating disc seedling raising method for Shiyao Chinese angelica - Google Patents
Floating disc seedling raising method for Shiyao Chinese angelica Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a floating disc seedling raising method for Shiyao Chinese angelica. The floating disc seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (a) processing seeds; (b) preparing a matrix; (c) raising seedlings on a floating disc and managing; and (d) transplanting. Compared with the prior art, the floating disc seedling raising method has the advantages that: the seeds are saved, lands for raising the seedlings are saved, the production efficiency of seedling raising is improved, the prevention and control cost of diseases and insects can be reduced in the planting process, and the growth period of plants is prolonged; and by the floating disc seedling raising method, the seedling raising controllability is high, the yield and the quality of medicinal materials are high, and the technical practicality is high, so large-area popularization of the floating disc seedling raising method is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to a kind of floating plate seedling-cultivating method of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
Technical background
When the dry root that is classified as umbelliferae angelica Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels.Beginning is stated from Eastern Han Dynasty's Shennong's Herbal, classifies middle article as.Radix Angelicae Sinensis is warm in nature; It is sweet, hot to distinguish the flavor of; Contain active ingredients such as forulic acid, Ligustilide, contain Radix Angelicae Sinensis polysaccharide, Chinese angelica volatile oil (except that Ligustilide), amino acid, trace element etc. in addition, enrich blood and invigorate blood circulation; Menstruction regulating and pain relieving; The function that relaxes bowel is widely used in clinical each section, is good at the treatment of gynaecology's blood stasis, all diseases of deficiency of blood syndrome especially and takes good care of; Have the title of " ten side's rules for doing division with a one-digit divisor on the abacus ", is commonly used large Chinese medicine that the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China is included.
There is Radix Angelicae Sinensis normal region in a big way in Hubei Province, and is wherein famous with the stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis of bestowing favour.The stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis is the Radix Angelicae Sinensis of main product characteristics such as the Enshi City laterite township specific territorial scope in stone kiln section, tool " color of the leather is orange, meat is milky white, soft fragrant, cross section the chrysanthemum line heart is arranged " in Hubei Province, is also practised by doctor family being called " kiln is returned ".According to textual criticism, year historical surplus Hubei Province's Enshi City laterite township stone kiln and the surrounding area production and operation Radix Angelicae Sinensis thereof existing 1200, went into to compile in 1972 " Hubei Province's Chinese medicinal herbal ".According to detecting, stone kiln is when being classified as high-quality Radix Angelicae Sinensis raw medicinal material, and arginine content is high; And in each gigantic angelica producing region, its polyoses content is the highest at home, and is higher because of soil selenium-containing amount in the production area again; Through being converted into Biological Selenium after the plant absorbing, make the stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis show unique characteristics especially.
The conventional production cycle of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis is 2 years, in March, the 1st direct sowing culture, late October the results fleshy root do medicinal, female root storage of selecting to reserve seed for planting, 3～April of next year transplant planting, the maternal plant of reserving seed for planting the 7-8 month then blossoms and bears fruit, the results seed.Local medicinal herb grower is the quality of assurance Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling, or oneself reserves seed for planting, or looks for trust, familiar people to buy seed.But because of seed collection, the storage improper; And medicinal material seed seedling market surpervision dynamics is still also not enough at present; Reason such as climatic variation aggravation in recent years often causes the medicinal herb grower to sow the climate and other natural phenomena of a season grasping and differ in addition; And the direct sowing and seedling environment is subject to factor affecting such as physical geography weather; Make direct sowing culture get field Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling quality and be difficult to control; Weakness such as seedling quality is poor, irregular are comparatively outstanding always, cause the fluctuation of Radix Angelicae Sinensis output and quality; And traditional cropping system is for sow in spring and reap in autumn then, and the plant strain growth phase is short, makes it can't have the enough time to carry out substance accumulation, and medicinal material output is on the low side.Although people usually regulate and control through measures such as density, fertilizer, the change of angelica root quality, output is still not obvious, has influenced the production of Radix Angelicae Sinensis medicinal material and has developed in a healthy way.Therefore improving its kind Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling quality from the source, is the important measures that improve its medicinal material output and quality controllability, is the key that promotes its industrialized development.The research that improves the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling quality at present is more; Main method shed is arranged is broadcast nutrition pot for seedling culture transplanting, the nutritional bag transplanting of artificial greenhouse etc.; But because Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling tool meat taproot; Direct transplanting can cause offspring to change resting state influence growth over to; And adopt soil more the nutritive cube transplanting or soil matrix matter is arranged is seedling medium; Disease pest and weed control in seedling stage effect is often not good, or used cultivating facility limited ambient temperature and humidity control in seedling stage and seedling stage nutrition supply, these methods are still more undesirable.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to poor, irregular, the shorter problem of plant strain growth phase of seedling quality in the present stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis production, a kind of booth cave dish floating seedlings culturing method that improves stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis output and quality is provided.
The floating plate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis of the present invention is characterized in that: (a) processing of seed: the seed of selecting the production in the first year of full grains; (b) matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash; (c) floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March; Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting; After planting the seedling dish is placed on vernalization in the growing floor; Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, and its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, and the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and from sowing when seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; That refines seedling reduces to 50ppm in last 2 weeks again, and the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time; Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out; Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the booth, 15～28 ℃ of temperature controls; Refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days; (d) transplant: decide the cave and transplant, plant the back and adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode, the back that becomes to live is managed by the general planting mode.
The floating plate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis of the present invention is characterized in that: (a) processing of seed: the seed that selection full grains, the first year that maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good produce, with 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well; (b) matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash; Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly; The matrix filling cave dish that apolegamy is good; (c), floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March; Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting; In the evenly punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are placed on vernalization in the growing floor with the seedling dish, will manage in the cave dish immigration booth nutrition pond after about 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, is 6: 4 with nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio, and its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg; The EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, from sowing when seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart; Topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; That refines seedling reduces to 50ppm in last 2 weeks again, and the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time; Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1; Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%; Indoor temperature beginning in daytime generally is controlled at 15～25 ℃, is controlled at 20～28 ℃ after the final singling; Refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days, continue about 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting; (d), transplant: decide the cave and transplant, adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode after planting, planting density 7000 strain/mus are managed by the general planting mode after becoming to live.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of floating plate seedling-cultivating method of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis; It is characterized in that: (a), the processing of seed: select the seed produced in full grains, maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good first year; With 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h; Rinse well, again with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature; (b), matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash; Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm; During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly; The matrix filling cave dish that apolegamy is good; (c), floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March; Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting; In the even punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are placed on vernalization in the growing floor with the seedling dish, keep 20～25 ℃ of the surperficial temperature of seedling-cultivating tray, often keep card moistening, will manage in the cave dish immigration booth nutrition pond after about 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, is 6: 4 with nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio, and other each nutritive element content is Mg0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B 0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; Its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, and the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and from sowing when seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; That refines seedling reduces to 50ppm in last 2 weeks again, and the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time; Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out weak seedling in the dish of cave simultaneously, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management; Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%; Indoor temperature beginning in daytime generally is controlled at 15～25 ℃, at temperature 5-10 ℃ of night, is controlled at 20～28 ℃ after the final singling; Refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days, continue about 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting; (d), transplant: decide the cave and transplant, plant the back and adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Manage by the general planting mode after becoming to live.
The present invention and prior art relatively have: can practice thrift seed, save the land used of growing seedlings, improve the production efficiency of growing seedlings; And the Radix Angelicae Sinensis shoot root is flourishing not damaged, and is active strong, neat and consistent; Seedling-slowing stage is short after transplanting, survival rate is high, the plant growing way is strong; Be convenient to management, be fit to remote transportation and transplanting simultaneously, and can reduce the expenditure of extermination of disease and insect pest cost in the planting process; Prolong the plant strain growth phase; It is grown seedlings, and controllability is strong, medicinal material output is high, Functionality, quality and appealing design, and technical application property is strong, helps large tracts of land and promotes.The present invention is a kind of floating plate method for culturing seedlings; Adopting soilless substrate is seedling medium and continuous nutrient solution supplying nutrients; Can effectively control seedling growth; Seedling quality is high; Transplanting survival rate is high; To adopt soil or soil matrix matter is arranged be seedling medium and conventional method (comprise tradition live); Disease pest and weed control in seedling stage poor effect; Or used cultivating facility limited ambient temperature and humidity control in seedling stage and seedling stage nutrition supply; Add Radix Angelicae Sinensis tool meat taproot; Direct transplanting can cause dormancy, and these methods once adopted in practice is grown seedlings in the producing region, but more undesirable aspect seedling growth control and transplant survival.Therefore matrix preparation and nutrient management are key technologies of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment:
The objective of the invention is to poor, irregular, the shorter problem of plant strain growth phase of seedling quality in the present stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis production, a kind of booth cave dish floating seedlings culturing method that improves stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis output and quality is provided.
1, prepare in seedling growth greenhouse and nutrition pond:
Floating seedlings booth specification: long 30m, wide 6m, high 2.2m.Air door is located at the two ends of booth, high 2m, wide 1.5m; Vent window is located at the both sides of booth, overhead high 80cm.The ventilation door and window all adds the insect protected nylon gauze.Each booth can be anchored a tent and supported 10 in pond.All build little shed on the pond, specification: long 10m, wide 1.2m, high 50cm, 1.0 meters of arch spacings are epiphragma with the 0.12mm non-drop greenhouse film, the wide 2.5m of film.About 1.5m is reserved at film two ends between the seedbed, is fixed on the place apart from two ends, seedbed 1m with short timber.
The nutrition pond is provided with specification: long 10m, wide 1.05m, dark 18cm.Be built into cement brick, leveling makes real at the bottom of the pond.Rebasing at the bottom of the pond with black plastic film, the transparent agricultural film of its upper berth one deck 0.1mm.High 10～the 15cm of pool side edge.Miao Chi can use after adopting bleaching powder 15g to add water 1000kg soaking disinfection 2h with every standard pool.
2, preceding seed treatment is selected and broadcast to seed: the seed that selection full grains, the first year that maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good produce, with 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, again with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature.
3, matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix system is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash.Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm.During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly.
4, floating plate is grown seedlings and is managed:
Sowing time: early January is to mid-March.
Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting.In the even punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are placed on vernalization in the growing floor with the seedling dish, keep 20～25 ℃ of the surperficial temperature of seedling-cultivating tray, often keep card moistening, will manage in the cave dish immigration booth nutrition pond after about 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, is 6: 4 with nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio, and other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; Its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, and the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and from sowing when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Last 2 weeks are reduced to 50ppm again, and the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time.
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, need carry out thinning, final singling, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out weak seedling in the dish of cave simultaneously, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management.
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the plastic-steel booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%.Indoor temperature beginning in daytime generally is controlled at 15～25 ℃; At temperature 5-10 ℃ of night, be controlled at 20～28 ℃ after the final singling, when temperature is lower than 10 ℃; Adopt the measure of heating; Temperature is higher than 30 ℃, and every morning is with short-term is suitably opened booth near noon, hut both sides bilayer film ventilates, to carry out the booth hydrofuge and to prevent high temperature; If find that temperature is higher than 25 ℃; Should in time strengthen measures such as ventilation, even adopt method cooling such as water spray, especially finely note controlling the seedbed surface temperature not above 30 ℃.After at 4 o'clock in afternoon, epiphragma insulation in time.Severe cold season notices that the artificial canopy film of removing freezes, and in canopy, uses to light a fire with the high-quality beehive coal ball and heat.
Disease pest and weed control: artificial weeding, the no weeds of maintenance around the booth, in the dish of in the canopy and cave.Spray and to kill to such an extent that grade is prevented and treated disease, spray control insect pests such as chlorophos.
Refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days, continue about 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting.
5, transplant: decide the cave and transplant, plant the back and adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Manage by the general planting mode after becoming to live.Late October to late November gathers in the crops.
Embodiment 1
1, prepare in seedling growth greenhouse and nutrition pond
The floating seedlings booth is built in sunny, traffic convenience, and the place that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, the ground temperature improvements are fast, have source of clean water, the place needs and domestic animal isolates, and avoids and selects the vegetable plot.In the canopy sterilization follow for a long time, repeatedly, the sterilization principle of various medicaments.With soil in weed killer herbicide and the insecticide spraying canopy, the back adopts different broad spectrum type insecticide, bactericide gradation to carry out spray disinfectant at first.The booth specification is long 30m, wide 6.1m, high 2.5m.Air door is located at the two ends of booth, high 2m, wide 1.5m; Vent window is located at the both sides of booth, overhead high 80cm.The ventilation door and window all adds the insect protected nylon gauze.Each booth can be anchored a tent and supported 10 in pond.For promoting insulation, all build little shed on the pond, specification: long 10m, wide 1.2m, high 50cm, 1.0 meters of arch spacings are epiphragma with the 0.12mm non-drop greenhouse film, the wide 2.5m of film.About 1.5m is reserved at film two ends between the seedbed,, is " horse hair " shape with it bundle together, is fixed on the place apart from two ends, seedbed 1m with short timber, is convenient to start the both sides, seedbed and ventilates.
The nutrition pond is provided with specification: nursery pond length is 7m; The nursery pond width is 1.07m; The nursery pond height is 17.5cm.The floating dish of 2 rows is put in each pond, and is rebasing with black plastic film at the bottom of the pond, makes: be built into cement brick, leveling makes real at the bottom of the pond.One deck black thin film is close to tiling at the bottom of the pond, is fixed on Chi Yanshang all around, guarantee the film no leakage, the transparent agricultural film of its upper berth one deck 0.1mm.Floating pool side edge is with plank or brick one-tenth, high 10～15cm.Miao Chi can use after adopting bleaching powder 15g to add water 1000kg soaking disinfection 2h with every standard pool.
2, seed is selected and presowing treatment
Select the seed of results in the first year for use.Require full seed, outward appearance orange to yellowish-brown, do not have and go mouldy this variety colour of tool.Cleanliness>=90%, purity>=98%, moisture≤14.5%, thousand kernel weight>=1.5g; Germination rate>=80%, vitality>=85.0%.Adopt 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, again with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature, be sowed in the dish of cave, vernalization under indoor 20-25 ℃ condition moves into management in the booth nutrition pond after about 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
3, matrix is prepared
The matrix allotment: mixed-matrix system is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash.Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes through this method: dry after 1000 times of liquid of the chlorophos crystal with 90% fully irrigate; Every cubic metre of detritus soil is executed 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, mixes the back thoroughly and covers 2～3d with plastic film, throws off to treat that flavour of a drug vapor away behind the film and apply pulverized limestone again, and every cubic metre of detritus soil applies 120 grams, fully mixes thoroughly; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm.During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly.
The cave dish is selected and sterilization: the floating plate of growing seedlings is a bellmouth polystyrene extruded foam plastics cave dish; The long 66.5cm of seedling dish; Wide 34cm coils thick 5.5cm, the dark 4.7cm in cave; Base thickness 0.5cm; Every dish seedling cave number is 153 holes, above a plurality of conical vesicles that evenly distribute, bore is big on the vesicle; Following bore is little, and conical tip has aperture.Want before the floating plate of growing seedlings uses to clean with clear water earlier, with behind 10% the liquor natrii hypochloritis 2h or copper-bath soaking disinfection 8h, clean up with clear water more again with 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate 4h or 1%.
Matrix filling: will match good matrix and spray with clean water, fully wetting, general mixed-matrix converts water to water content 60%, with holding a matrix, do not have moisture to extrude, and unclamping hand can be agglomerating, but touching gently, matrix can be scattered, and can go into to coil use.Matrix is placed on the floating plate; With plank matrix is pushed each seedling cave; The porose filling of institute of guaranteeing all dishes during sabot is consistent; The filling dish must reach the suitable degree of depth during hole; The tension that the dish hole can not be filled; Fall to being degree to use the have gentle hands pressure matrix not occur, with the implement degree of matrix in the control panel hole in the process of growing seedlings.
4, floating plate is grown seedlings and is managed
Sowing time: early January.
Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting.(utilize self-controls such as plank, the card punch base plate is provided with the corresponding convexity in cup center, cave with seedling culture hole plate, and the protruding 9*17 that presses arranges the protruding thick 5mm on the base plate with self-control seedling culture hole plate card punch; Regulate the protruding degree of depth that gets into hole, cave mesostroma, make the cave nest degree of depth of generation consistent.) punching, the dark 5mm in cave, the punching degree of depth wants consistent, with finger seed is evenly broadcast the central authorities into the hole, cave, and 2 of every bunch planting kinds after planting evenly cover the thick matrix of one deck 2mm at the surface of the seed.Card matrix is scraped totally, expose the last peristoma in each hole.Spray 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf to the matrix of fully drenching.The seedling dish is placed on vernalization in the growing floor, keeps 20～25 ℃ of the surperficial temperature of seedling-cultivating tray, often keep card moistening, mend clear water for preventing the excessive employing spray-on process of matrix tension and water content.Indoor atomizer spraying, air humidity is greater than 90%.About 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after (being that most seeds are sprouted) will the cave dish to move in the booth nutrition pond and manages.If there is the place of dew face to cover with other light screening materials as far as possible.
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, is 6: 4 with nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio, and other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; Its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg; The EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm; Pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and from sowing when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm; Pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Look nutrient solution variation or weather condition and in time regulate and control water level, be higher than 1.0ms/cm if find the EC value, or fine water evaporates is bigger; Water is lower than 5cm, all need in time add water; Last 2 weeks are reduced to 50ppm again, and the depth of water still keeps 10cm in the nutrition pond at that time.Application process is: will calculate good fertilizer and be dissolved in fully in the bucket, seedling-cultivating tray is taken out, and solution moved towards a plurality of points of branch pour in the pond along the seedling pond, and stir, and the seedling-cultivating tray former state put back at last again.Note timely clear water to the initial water level that injects in fertilising back, forbid to add fertilizer solution and water from seedling dish top.After adding fertilizer, must be with the pH value of the pH test paper colorimetric estimation one time of nutrition liquid of 5.5～9.0 precision.The scope regulation and control of the pH value of nutrient solution are between 5.5～6.5.If the pH value is higher, greater than 7.0, the H of available 0.1N
2SO
4Solution is proofreaied and correct; If the pH value is on the low side, less than 5.5, the NaOH solution of available 0.1N is proofreaied and correct.
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, need carry out thinning, final singling, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out weak seedling in the dish of cave simultaneously, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management.
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the canopy, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%.Indoor temperature beginning in daytime generally is controlled at 15～25 ℃, is controlled at 20～28 ℃ after the final singling temperature 5-10 ℃ of night, when temperature is lower than 10 ℃, adopt the measure of heating; Every morning is with short-term, suitably opened booth near noon, hut both sides bilayer film ventilates; To carry out the booth hydrofuge and to prevent high temperature; If find that temperature is higher than 25 ℃; Should in time strengthen measures such as ventilation; Even adopt method cooling such as water spray, especially finely note controlling the seedbed surface temperature not above 30 ℃.After at 4 o'clock in afternoon, epiphragma insulation in time.Severe cold season notices that the artificial canopy film of removing freezes, and in canopy, uses to light a fire with the high-quality beehive coal ball and heat.
The disease pest and weed control: between nursery stage, artificial weeding 2-3 time, the no weeds of maintenance around the booth, in the dish of in the canopy and cave.Get into the booth personnel and must use the suds handwashing disinfection, sole is through sterilization pool.Emerge from the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling, spray 77% can kill 800～1000 times of liquid, spray in per 7～10 days once connects and to spray 3 times, in time sprays 500 times of liquid of one time 50% carbendazim after the final singling.The seedbed phase can be used 500 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet or 500 times of 50% carbendazim or 500～800 times of 75% tpns or green prosperous No. 1 1000 times of liquid or 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf, and spray in per 7～10 days is once sprayed and carried out disease control 2～3 times.When finding that diseased plant appears in the seedbed, should in time remove, focus in place away from seedling growth greenhouse.Find insect pest situation,, sprayed once, and sprayed 2～3 controlled insect pests in per 10～15 days with 90% chlorophos 800-1000 times liquid, 2000 times of agricultural chemicals such as liquid of omethoate emulsifiable solution of 40%.
Refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days.Grew seedlings 55-65 days, when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grew to 2 leaves, 1 heart, outside air temperature had begun to raise, can keep sheltering from heat or light, and progressively opens plastic film, ventilated round the clock in the canopy both sides, and cut off the water supply with temperature control and fertilely refine seedling, and the moisture that often fills spray.The slight wilting takes place with the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling noon in the degree of refining seedling, can revert to suitable sooner or later.Seedling stage is met the rain epiphragma in refining, takes off film behind the rain.To prevent cold in the late spring harm simultaneously.So continue about 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting.
5, transplant
Decide the cave and transplant, plant the back and adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Manage by the general planting mode after becoming to live.Late October gathers in the crops.
Embodiment 2
1, prepare in seedling growth greenhouse and nutrition pond
The floating seedlings booth is built in sunny, traffic convenience, and the place that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, the ground temperature improvements are fast, have source of clean water, the place needs and domestic animal isolates, and avoids and selects the vegetable plot.In the canopy sterilization follow for a long time, repeatedly, the sterilization principle of various medicaments.With soil in weed killer herbicide and the insecticide spraying canopy, the back adopts different broad spectrum type insecticide, bactericide gradation to carry out spray disinfectant at first.The booth specification is long 30m, wide 6.1m, high 2.5m.Air door is located at the two ends of booth, high 2m, wide 1.5m; Vent window is located at the both sides of booth, overhead high 80cm.The ventilation door and window all adds the insect protected nylon gauze.Each booth can be anchored a tent and supported 10 in pond.For promoting insulation, all build little shed on the pond, specification: long 10m, wide 1.2m, high 50cm, 1.0 meters of arch spacings are epiphragma with the 0.12mm non-drop greenhouse film, the wide 2.5m of film.About 1.5m is reserved at film two ends between the seedbed,, is " horse hair " shape with it bundle together, is fixed on the place apart from two ends, seedbed 1m with short timber, is convenient to start the both sides, seedbed and ventilates.The nutrition pond is provided with specification: nursery pond length is 7m; The nursery pond width is 1.07m; The nursery pond height is 17.5cm.The floating dish of 2 rows is put in each pond, and is rebasing with black plastic film at the bottom of the pond, makes: be built into cement brick, leveling makes real at the bottom of the pond.One deck black thin film is close to tiling at the bottom of the pond, is fixed on Chi Yanshang all around, guarantee the film no leakage, the transparent agricultural film of its upper berth one deck 0.1mm.Floating pool side edge is with plank or brick one-tenth, high 10～15cm.Miao Chi can use after adopting bleaching powder 15g to add water 1000kg soaking disinfection 2h with every standard pool.
2, seed is selected and presowing treatment
Select the seed of results in the first year for use.Require full seed, outward appearance orange to yellowish-brown, do not have and go mouldy this variety colour of tool.Cleanliness>=90%, purity>=98%, moisture≤14.5%, thousand kernel weight>=1.5g; Germination rate>=80%, vitality>=85.0%.Adopt 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, again with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature, be sowed in the dish of cave, vernalization under indoor 20-25 ℃ condition moves into management in the booth nutrition pond after about 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
3, matrix is prepared
The matrix allotment: mixed-matrix system is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash.Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes through this method: dry after 1000 times of liquid of the chlorophos crystal with 90% fully irrigate; Every cubic metre of detritus soil is executed 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, mixes the back thoroughly and covers 2～3d with plastic film, throws off to treat that flavour of a drug vapor away behind the film and apply pulverized limestone again, and every cubic metre of detritus soil applies 120 grams, fully mixes thoroughly; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm.During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly.
The cave dish is selected and sterilization: the floating plate of growing seedlings is a bellmouth polystyrene extruded foam plastics cave dish; The long 66.5cm of seedling dish; Wide 34cm coils thick 5.5cm, the dark 4.7cm in cave; Base thickness 0.5cm; Every dish seedling cave number is 153 holes, above a plurality of conical vesicles that evenly distribute, bore is big on the vesicle; Following bore is little, and conical tip has aperture.Want before the floating plate of growing seedlings uses to clean with clear water earlier, with behind 10% the liquor natrii hypochloritis 2h or copper-bath soaking disinfection 8h, clean up with clear water more again with 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate 4h or 1%.
Matrix filling: will match good matrix and spray with clean water, fully wetting, general mixed-matrix converts water to water content 60%, with holding a matrix, do not have moisture to extrude, and unclamping hand can be agglomerating, but touching gently, matrix can be scattered, and can go into to coil use.Matrix is placed on the floating plate; With plank matrix is pushed each seedling cave; The porose filling of institute of guaranteeing all dishes during sabot is consistent; The filling dish must reach the suitable degree of depth during hole; The tension that the dish hole can not be filled; Fall to being degree to use the have gentle hands pressure matrix not occur, with the implement degree of matrix in the control panel hole in the process of growing seedlings.
4, floating plate is grown seedlings and is managed
Sowing time: early January.
Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting.(utilize self-controls such as plank, the card punch base plate is provided with the corresponding convexity in cup center, cave with seedling culture hole plate, and the protruding 9*17 that presses arranges the protruding thick 5mm on the base plate with self-control seedling culture hole plate card punch; Regulate the protruding degree of depth that gets into hole, cave mesostroma, make the cave nest degree of depth of generation consistent.) punching, the dark 5mm in cave, the punching degree of depth wants consistent, with finger seed is evenly broadcast the central authorities into the hole, cave, and 2 of every bunch planting kinds after planting evenly cover the thick matrix of one deck 2mm at the surface of the seed.Card matrix is scraped totally, expose the last peristoma in each hole.Spray 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf to the matrix of fully drenching.The seedling dish is placed on vernalization in the growing floor, keeps 20～25 ℃ of the surperficial temperature of seedling-cultivating tray, often keep card moistening, mend clear water for preventing the excessive employing spray-on process of matrix tension and water content.Indoor atomizer spraying, air humidity is greater than 90%.About 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after (being that most seeds are sprouted) will the cave dish to move in the booth nutrition pond and manages.If there is the place of dew face to cover with other light screening materials as far as possible.
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, is 6: 4 with nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio, and other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; The feeding principle is " few earlier back is many ".Can add nutrient solution before the entry of seedling dish, at this moment, the Different Nitrogen Concentration in the nutrient solution is controlled at 50-75mg/kg; The EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm; Pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and from sowing when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm; Pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Look nutrient solution variation or weather condition and in time regulate and control water level, be higher than 1.0ms/cm if find the EC value, or fine water evaporates is bigger; Water is lower than 5cm, all need in time add water; Last 2 weeks are reduced to 50ppm again, and the depth of water still keeps 10cm in the nutrition pond at that time.Application process is: will calculate good fertilizer and be dissolved in fully in the bucket, seedling-cultivating tray is taken out, and solution moved towards a plurality of points of branch pour in the pond along the seedling pond, and stir, and the seedling-cultivating tray former state put back at last again.Note timely clear water to the initial water level that injects in fertilising back, forbid to add fertilizer solution and water from seedling dish top.After adding fertilizer, must be with the pH value of the pH test paper colorimetric estimation one time of nutrition liquid of 5.5～9.0 precision.The scope regulation and control of the pH value of nutrient solution are between 5.5～6.5.If the pH value is higher, greater than 7.0, the H of available 0.1N
2SO
4Solution is proofreaied and correct; If the pH value is on the low side, less than 5.5, the NaOH solution of available 0.1N is proofreaied and correct.
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, need carry out thinning, final singling, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out weak seedling in the dish of cave simultaneously, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management.
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the canopy, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%.Indoor temperature beginning in daytime generally is controlled at 15～25 ℃, is controlled at 20～28 ℃ after the final singling temperature 5-10 ℃ of night, when temperature is lower than 10 ℃, adopt the measure of heating; Every morning is with short-term, suitably opened booth near noon, hut both sides bilayer film ventilates; To carry out the booth hydrofuge and to prevent high temperature; If find that temperature is higher than 25 ℃; Should in time strengthen measures such as ventilation; Even adopt method cooling such as water spray, especially finely note controlling the seedbed surface temperature not above 30 ℃.After at 4 o'clock in afternoon, epiphragma insulation in time.Severe cold season notices that the artificial canopy film of removing freezes, and in canopy, uses to light a fire with the high-quality beehive coal ball and heat.
The disease pest and weed control: between nursery stage, artificial weeding 2-3 time, the no weeds of maintenance around the booth, in the dish of in the canopy and cave.Get into the booth personnel and must use the suds handwashing disinfection, sole is through sterilization pool.Emerge from the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling, spray 77% can kill 800～1000 times of liquid, spray in per 7～10 days once connects and to spray 3 times, in time sprays 500 times of liquid of one time 50% carbendazim after the final singling.The seedbed phase can be used 500 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet or 500 times of 50% carbendazim or 500～800 times of 75% tpns or green prosperous No. 1 1000 times of liquid or 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf, and spray in per 7～10 days is once sprayed and carried out disease control 2～3 times.When finding that diseased plant appears in the seedbed, should in time remove, focus in place away from seedling growth greenhouse.Find insect pest situation,, sprayed once, and sprayed 2～3 controlled insect pests in per 10～15 days with 90% chlorophos 800-1000 times liquid, 2000 times of agricultural chemicals such as liquid of omethoate emulsifiable solution of 40%.
The refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days, grew seedlings 55-65 days, when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grew to 2 leaves, 1 heart, outside air temperature had begun to raise, can keep sheltering from heat or light, and progressively opens plastic film, ventilated round the clock in the canopy both sides, and cut off the water supply with temperature control and fertilely refine seedling, and the moisture that often fills spray.The slight wilting takes place with the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling noon in the degree of refining seedling, can revert to suitable sooner or later.Seedling stage is met the rain epiphragma in refining, takes off film behind the rain.To prevent cold in the late spring harm simultaneously.So continue about 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting.
5, transplant
Decide the cave and transplant, plant the back and adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Manage by the general planting mode after becoming to live.Early November gathers in the crops.
Embodiment 3
1, prepare in seedling growth greenhouse and nutrition pond
The floating seedlings booth is built in sunny, traffic convenience, and the place that physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, the ground temperature improvements are fast, have source of clean water, the place needs and domestic animal isolates, and avoids and selects the vegetable plot.In the canopy sterilization follow for a long time, repeatedly, the sterilization principle of various medicaments.With soil in weed killer herbicide and the insecticide spraying canopy, the back adopts different broad spectrum type insecticide, bactericide gradation to carry out spray disinfectant at first.The booth specification is long 30m, wide 6.1m, high 2.5m.Air door is located at the two ends of booth, high 2m, wide 1.5m; Vent window is located at the both sides of booth, overhead high 80cm.The ventilation door and window all adds the insect protected nylon gauze.Each booth can be anchored a tent and supported 10 in pond.For promoting insulation, all build little shed on the pond, specification: long 10m, wide 1.2m, high 50cm, 1.0 meters of arch spacings are epiphragma with the 0.12mm non-drop greenhouse film, the wide 2.5m of film.About 1.5m is reserved at film two ends between the seedbed,, is " horse hair " shape with it bundle together, is fixed on the place apart from two ends, seedbed 1m with short timber, is convenient to start the both sides, seedbed and ventilates.The nutrition pond is provided with specification: nursery pond length is 7m; The nursery pond width is 1.07m; The nursery pond height is 17.5cm.The floating dish of 2 rows is put in each pond, and is rebasing with black plastic film at the bottom of the pond, makes: be built into cement brick, leveling makes real at the bottom of the pond.One deck black thin film is close to tiling at the bottom of the pond, is fixed on Chi Yanshang all around, guarantee the film no leakage, the transparent agricultural film of its upper berth one deck 0.1mm.Floating pool side edge is with plank or brick one-tenth, high 10～15cm.Miao Chi can use after adopting bleaching powder 15g to add water 1000kg soaking disinfection 2h with every standard pool.
2, seed is selected and presowing treatment
Select the seed of results in the first year for use.Require full seed, outward appearance orange to yellowish-brown, do not have and go mouldy this variety colour of tool.Cleanliness>=90%, purity>=98%, moisture≤14.5%, thousand kernel weight>=1.5g; Germination rate>=80%, vitality>=85.0%.Adopt 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, again with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature, be sowed in the dish of cave, vernalization under indoor 20-25 ℃ condition moves into management in the booth nutrition pond after about 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
3, matrix is prepared
The matrix allotment: mixed-matrix system is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash.Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes through this method: dry after 1000 times of liquid of the chlorophos crystal with 90% fully irrigate; Every cubic metre of detritus soil is executed 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, mixes the back thoroughly and covers 2～3d with plastic film, throws off to treat that flavour of a drug vapor away behind the film and apply pulverized limestone again, and every cubic metre of detritus soil applies 120 grams, fully mixes thoroughly; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm.During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly.
The cave dish is selected and sterilization: the floating plate of growing seedlings is a bellmouth polystyrene extruded foam plastics cave dish; The long 66.5cm of seedling dish; Wide 34cm coils thick 5.5cm, the dark 4.7cm in cave; Base thickness 0.5cm; Every dish seedling cave number is 153 holes, above a plurality of conical vesicles that evenly distribute, bore is big on the vesicle; Following bore is little, and conical tip has aperture.Want before the floating plate of growing seedlings uses to clean with clear water earlier, with behind 10% the liquor natrii hypochloritis 2h or copper-bath soaking disinfection 8h, clean up with clear water more again with 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate 4h or 1%.
Matrix filling: will match good matrix and spray with clean water, fully wetting, general mixed-matrix converts water to water content 60%, with holding a matrix, do not have moisture to extrude, and unclamping hand can be agglomerating, but touches gently, and matrix can be scattered, and can go into use.Matrix is placed on the floating plate; With plank matrix is pushed each seedling cave; The porose filling of institute of guaranteeing all dishes during sabot is consistent; The filling dish must reach the suitable degree of depth during hole; The tension that the dish hole can not be filled; Fall to being degree to use the have gentle hands pressure matrix not occur, with the implement degree of matrix in the control panel hole in the process of growing seedlings.
4, floating plate is grown seedlings and is managed
Sowing time: early January.
Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting.(utilize self-controls such as plank, the card punch base plate is provided with the corresponding convexity in cup center, cave with seedling culture hole plate, and the protruding 9*17 that presses arranges the protruding thick 5mm on the base plate with self-control seedling culture hole plate card punch; Regulate the protruding degree of depth that gets into hole, cave mesostroma, make the cave nest degree of depth of generation consistent.) punching, the dark 5mm in cave, the punching degree of depth wants consistent, with finger seed is evenly broadcast the central authorities into the hole, cave, and 2 of every bunch planting kinds after planting evenly cover the thick matrix of one deck 2mm at the surface of the seed.Card matrix is scraped totally, expose the last peristoma in each hole.Spray 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf to the matrix of fully drenching.The seedling dish is placed on vernalization in the growing floor, keeps 20～25 ℃ of the surperficial temperature of seedling-cultivating tray, often keep card moistening, mend clear water for preventing the excessive employing spray-on process of matrix tension and water content.Indoor atomizer spraying, air humidity is greater than 90%.About 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after (being that most seeds are sprouted) will the cave dish to move in the booth nutrition pond and manages.If there is the place of dew face to cover with other light screening materials as far as possible.
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, is 6: 4 with nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio, and other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; The feeding principle is " few earlier back is many ".Can add nutrient solution before the entry of seedling dish, at this moment, the Different Nitrogen Concentration in the nutrient solution is controlled at 50-75mg/kg; The EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm; Pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and from sowing when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm; Pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Look nutrient solution variation or weather condition and in time regulate and control water level, be higher than 1.0ms/cm if find the EC value, or fine water evaporates is bigger; Water is lower than 5cm, all need in time add water; Last 2 weeks are reduced to 50ppm again, and the depth of water still keeps 10cm in the nutrition pond at that time.Application process is: will calculate good fertilizer and be dissolved in fully in the bucket, seedling-cultivating tray is taken out, and solution moved towards a plurality of points of branch pour in the pond along the seedling pond, and stir, and the seedling-cultivating tray former state put back at last again.Note timely clear water to the initial water level that injects in fertilising back, forbid to add fertilizer solution and water from seedling dish top.After adding fertilizer, must be with the pH value of the pH test paper colorimetric estimation one time of nutrition liquid of 5.5～9.0 precision.The scope regulation and control of the pH value of nutrient solution are between 5.5～6.5.If the pH value is higher, greater than 7.0, the H of available 0.1N
2SO
4Solution is proofreaied and correct; If the pH value is on the low side, less than 5.5, the NaOH solution of available 0.1N is proofreaied and correct.
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, need carry out thinning, final singling, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out weak seedling in the dish of cave simultaneously, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management.
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the canopy, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%.Indoor temperature beginning in daytime generally is controlled at 15～25 ℃, is controlled at 20～28 ℃ after the final singling temperature 5-10 ℃ of night, when temperature is lower than 10 ℃, adopt the measure of heating; Every morning is with short-term, suitably opened booth near noon, hut both sides bilayer film ventilates; To carry out the booth hydrofuge and to prevent high temperature; If find that temperature is higher than 25 ℃; Should in time strengthen measures such as ventilation; Even adopt method cooling such as water spray, especially finely note controlling the seedbed surface temperature not above 30 ℃.After at 4 o'clock in afternoon, epiphragma insulation in time.Severe cold season notices that the artificial canopy film of removing freezes, and in canopy, uses to light a fire with the high-quality beehive coal ball and heat.
The disease pest and weed control: between nursery stage, artificial weeding 2-3 time, the no weeds of maintenance around the booth, in the dish of in the canopy and cave.Get into the booth personnel and must use the suds handwashing disinfection, sole is through sterilization pool.Emerge from the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling, spray 77% can kill 800～1000 times of liquid, spray in per 7～10 days once connects and to spray 3 times, in time sprays 500 times of liquid of one time 50% carbendazim after the final singling.The seedbed phase can be used 500 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet or 500 times of 50% carbendazim or 500～800 times of 75% tpns or green prosperous No. 1 1000 times of liquid or 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf, and spray in per 7～10 days is once sprayed and carried out disease control 2～3 times.When finding that diseased plant appears in the seedbed, should in time remove, focus in place away from seedling growth greenhouse.Find insect pest situation,, sprayed once, and sprayed 2～3 controlled insect pests in per 10～15 days with 90% chlorophos 800-1000 times liquid, 2000 times of agricultural chemicals such as liquid of omethoate emulsifiable solution of 40%.
The refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days, grew seedlings 55-65 days, when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grew to 2 leaves, 1 heart, outside air temperature had begun to raise, can keep sheltering from heat or light, and progressively opens plastic film, ventilated round the clock in the canopy both sides, and cut off the water supply with temperature control and fertilely refine seedling, and the moisture that often fills spray.The slight wilting takes place with the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling noon in the degree of refining seedling, can revert to suitable sooner or later.Seedling stage is met the rain epiphragma in refining, takes off film behind the rain.To prevent cold in the late spring harm simultaneously.So continue about 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting.
5, transplant
Decide the cave and transplant, plant the back and adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Manage by the general planting mode after becoming to live.Early November gathers in the crops.
Claims (3)
1. the floating plate seedling-cultivating method of a stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis is characterized in that:
(a) processing of seed: the seed of selecting the production in the first year of full grains;
(b) matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash;
(c) floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March;
Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting; After planting the seedling dish is placed on vernalization in the growing floor;
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, and its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, and the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and from sowing when seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; That refines seedling reduces to 50ppm in last 2 weeks again, and the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time;
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out;
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the booth, 15～28 ℃ of temperature controls;
Refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days;
(d) transplant: decide the cave and transplant, plant the back and adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode, planting patterns management routinely after becoming to live.
2. want the floating plate seedling-cultivating method of 1 described stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis according to right, it is characterized in that:
(a) processing of seed: the seed that selection full grains, the first year that maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good produce, with 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well;
(b) matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash; Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly; The matrix filling cave dish that apolegamy is good;
(c), floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March;
Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting; In the evenly punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are with Miao Panfang
Vernalization in growing floor will be managed in the cave dish immigration booth nutrition pond after about 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, is 6: 4 with nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio, and its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg; The EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, from sowing when seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart; Topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; That refines seedling reduces to 50ppm in last 2 weeks again, and the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time;
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1;
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%; Indoor temperature beginning in daytime generally is controlled at 15～25 ℃, is controlled at 20～28 ℃ after the final singling;
Refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days, continue about 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting;
(d), transplant: decide the cave and transplant, plant the back and adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode, planting density 7000 strain/mus, planting patterns management routinely after becoming to live.
3. want the floating plate seedling-cultivating method of 2 described stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis according to right, it is characterized in that:
(a), the processing of seed: select the seed produced in full grains, maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good first year,, rinse well, again with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature with the 40% carbendazim 24h that soaks seed;
(b), matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is that raw material is prepared with cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash; Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm; During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly; The matrix filling cave dish that apolegamy is good;
(c), floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March;
Sowing: earlier matrix is irrigated before broadcasting; In the even punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are placed on vernalization in the growing floor with the seedling dish, keep 20～25 ℃ of the surperficial temperature of seedling-cultivating tray, often keep card moistening, will manage in the cave dish immigration booth nutrition pond after about 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, is 6: 4 with nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio, and other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B 0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; Its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, and the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and from sowing when seedling grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; That refines seedling reduces to 50ppm in last 2 weeks again, and the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time;
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out weak seedling in the dish of cave simultaneously, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management;
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%; Indoor temperature beginning in daytime generally is controlled at 15～25 ℃, at temperature 5-10 ℃ of night, is controlled at 20～28 ℃ after the final singling;
Refining seedling: refined seedling in seedling age 55-65 days, continue about 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting;
(d), transplant: decide the cave and transplant, plant the back and adopt the plantation of black mulch film coverage mode, planting density 7000 strain/mus, planting patterns management routinely after becoming to live.
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