CN102301870B - Floating disc seedling raising method for Shiyao Chinese angelica - Google Patents
Floating disc seedling raising method for Shiyao Chinese angelica Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a floating disc seedling raising method for Shiyao Chinese angelica. The floating disc seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (a) processing seeds; (b) preparing a matrix; (c) raising seedlings on a floating disc and managing; and (d) transplanting. Compared with the prior art, the floating disc seedling raising method has the advantages that: the seeds are saved, lands for raising the seedlings are saved, the production efficiency of seedling raising is improved, the prevention and control cost of diseases and insects can be reduced in the planting process, and the growth period of plants is prolonged; and by the floating disc seedling raising method, the seedling raising controllability is high, the yield and the quality of medicinal materials are high, and the technical practicality is high, so large-area popularization of the floating disc seedling raising method is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to a kind of floating plate seedling-cultivating method of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis.
Technical background
When the dry root that is classified as umbelliferae angelica Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels.Begin to be stated from Eastern Han Dynasty's Shennong's Herbal, classify middle product as.Radix Angelicae Sinensis is warm in nature, distinguish the flavor of sweet, hot, contain the active ingredients such as forulic acid, Ligustilide, contain in addition Radix Angelicae Sinensis polysaccharide, Chinese angelica volatile oil (except Ligustilide), amino acid, trace element etc., enrich blood and invigorate blood circulation, menstruction regulating and pain relieving, the function that relaxes bowel is widely used in clinical departments, especially is good at the treatment of gynaecology's blood stasis, all diseases of deficiency of blood syndrome and takes good care of, have the title of " ten side's rules for doing division with a one-digit divisor on the abacus ", is commonly used large Chinese medicine that the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China is included.
There is Radix Angelicae Sinensis normal region in a big way in Hubei Province, and is wherein famous with the stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis of bestowing favour.The stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis is main product in the Radix Angelicae Sinensis of the characteristics such as Enshi City laterite township, the Hubei Province specific territorial scope in stone kiln section, tool " color of the leather is orange, meat is milky white, soft fragrant, cross section the chrysanthemum line heart is arranged ", is also practised by the doctor being called " kiln is returned ".According to textual criticism, existing more than 1200 of Hubei Province's Enshi City laterite township stone kiln and surrounding area production and operation Radix Angelicae Sinensis thereof are historical, enter volume " Hubei Province's Chinese medicinal herbal " in 1972.According to detection, stone kiln is when being classified as high-quality Radix Angelicae Sinensis raw medicinal material, and arginine content is high, and in each gigantic angelica producing region, its polyoses content is the highest, and is higher because of soil selenium-containing amount in the production area again at home, by being converted into Biological Selenium after plant absorbing, make the stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis show unique characteristics especially.
The conventional production cycle of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis is 2 years, in March, the 1st direct sowing culture, late October the results fleshy root do medicinal, female root storage of selecting to reserve seed for planting, 3～April of next year transplant planting, the maternal plant of reserving seed for planting the 7-8 month then blossoms and bears fruit, the results seed.Local medicinal herb grower is the quality of assurance Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling, or oneself reserves seed for planting, or looks for trust, familiar people to buy seed.But because of seed collection, the storage improper, and medicinal material seed seedling market surpervision dynamics is still also not enough at present, the reason such as climatic variation aggravation in recent years often causes the medicinal herb grower to sow the climate and other natural phenomena of a season grasping and differ in addition, and the direct sowing and seedling environment is subject to the factor impacts such as physical geography weather, making direct sowing culture get field Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling quality is difficult to control, the weakness such as seedling quality is poor, irregular are always comparatively outstanding, cause the fluctuation of Radix Angelicae Sinensis quantity and quality; And traditional cropping system is for sow in spring and reap in autumn then, and the plant strain growth phase is short, makes it can't have enough time to carry out substance accumulation, and root yield is on the low side.Although people usually regulate and control by measures such as density, fertilizer, the change of angelica root quality, output is still not obvious, has affected the Radix Angelicae Sinensis production of crude drugs and has developed in a healthy way.Therefore improving its kind Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling quality from the source, is the important measures that improve its root yield and quality controllability, is the key that promotes its industrialized development.The research that improves at present the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling quality is more, main method shed is arranged is broadcast nutrition pot for seedling culture transplanting, the transplanting of artificial greenhouse nutritional bag etc., but due to Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling tool meat taproot, directly transplanting can cause offspring to change resting state impact growth over to, be seedling medium and adopt soil more the nutritive cube transplanting or soil matrix matter is arranged, seedling stage, the pest control effect was often not good, or cultivating facility used limited seedling stage ambient temperature and humidity control and seedling stage nutrition supply, these methods are still more undesirable.
Summary of the invention
Poor, irregular, the shorter problem of plant strain growth phase of seedling quality in the objective of the invention is to produce for present stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis provides a kind of booth cave dish floating seedlings culturing method that improves stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis output and quality.
The floating plate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis of the present invention is characterized in that: (a) processing of seed: the seed of selecting the production in the first year of full grains; (b) matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is prepared take cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash as raw material; (c) floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March; Sowing: broadcast front elder generation matrix is irrigated; After planting the seedling dish is placed on vernalization in growing floor; Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, and its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, and the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart from sowing to seedling, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Hardening last 2 weeks be down to again 50ppm, the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time; Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out; Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on booth, 15～28 ℃ of temperature controls; Hardening: carried out hardening in seedling age 55-65 days; (d) transplant: decide the cave and transplant, adopt the black film mulching mode to plant after planting, planting patterns management routinely after surviving.
The floating plate seedling-cultivating method of a kind of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis of the present invention, it is characterized in that: (a) processing of seed: the seed that selection full grains, the first year that maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good produce, with 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well; (b) matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is prepared take cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash as raw material; Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly; The matrix that apolegamy is good is loaded the cave dish; (c), floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March; Sowing: broadcast front elder generation matrix is irrigated; In the evenly punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are placed on vernalization in growing floor with the seedling dish, will manage in dish immigration booth nutrition pond, cave after approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, take nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio as 6: 4, its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart from sowing to seedling, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Hardening last 2 weeks be down to again 50ppm, the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time; Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1; Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%; Indoor temperature beginning in daytime general control is controlled at 20～28 ℃ at 15～25 ℃ after final singling; Hardening: carried out hardening in seedling age 55-65 days, continue approximately 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting; (d), transplant: decide the cave and transplant, adopt the black film mulching mode to plant after planting, planting density 7000 strain/mus, planting patterns management routinely after surviving.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of floating plate seedling-cultivating method of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis, it is characterized in that: (a), the processing of seed: select the seed produced in full grains, maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good first year, with 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, then with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature; (b), matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is prepared take cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash as raw material; Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm; During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly; The matrix that apolegamy is good is loaded the cave dish; (c), floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March; Sowing: broadcast front elder generation matrix is irrigated; In the evenly punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are placed on vernalization in growing floor with the seedling dish, keep 20～25 ℃ of the temperature on seedling-cultivating tray surface, often keep card moistening, will the cave dish after approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally move in booth nutrition pond manage; Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, take nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio as 6: 4, other each nutritive element content is Mg0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B 0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; Its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, and the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart from sowing to seedling, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Hardening last 2 weeks be down to again 50ppm, the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time; Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out simultaneously weak seedling in the dish of cave, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management; Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%; Indoor temperature beginning in daytime general control at temperature 5-10 ℃ of night, is controlled at 20～28 ℃ at 15～25 ℃ after final singling; Hardening: carried out hardening in seedling age 55-65 days, continue approximately 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting; (d), transplant: decide the cave and transplant, adopt the black film mulching mode to plant after planting, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Planting patterns management routinely after surviving.
The present invention has compared with the prior art: can save seed, save the land used of growing seedlings, improve the production efficiency of growing seedlings, and the Radix Angelicae Sinensis shoot root is flourishing not damaged, and is active strong, neat and consistent, after transplanting, seedling-slowing stage is short, survival rate is high, the plant growing way is strong, be convenient to management, be fit to simultaneously long distance transportation and transplanting, and can reduce the expenditure of extermination of disease and insect pest cost in planting process, extend the plant strain growth phase, its controllability of growing seedlings is strong, root yield is high, Functionality, quality and appealing design, and technical application is strong, is conducive to spread.the present invention is a kind of floating plate seedling-cultivating method, adopting soilless substrate is seedling medium and nutrient solution supply nutrition continuously, can effectively control seedling growth, seedling quality is high, transplanting survival rate is high, to adopt soil or soil matrix matter is arranged be seedling medium and conventional method (comprise tradition live), seedling stage the pest control poor effect, or cultivating facility used limited seedling stage ambient temperature and humidity control and seedling stage nutrition supply, add Radix Angelicae Sinensis tool meat taproot, directly transplant and to cause dormancy, these methods once adopted in practice is grown seedlings in the producing region, but more undesirable aspect seedling growth control and transplant survival.Therefore matrix preparation and nutrient management are key technologies of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment:
Poor, irregular, the shorter problem of plant strain growth phase of seedling quality in the objective of the invention is to produce for present stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis provides a kind of booth cave dish floating seedlings culturing method that improves stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis output and quality.
1, seedling growth greenhouse and nutrition pond preparation:
Floating seedlings booth specification: long 30m, wide 6m, high 2.2m.Air door is located at the two ends of booth, high 2m, wide 1.5m; Vent window is located at the both sides of booth, overhead high 80cm.The ventilation door and window all adds the insect protected nylon gauze.Each booth can be anchored a tent and be supported 10, pond.All build little shed on the pond, specification: long 10m, wide 1.2m, high 50cm, 1.0 meters of arch spacings, take the 0.12mm non-drop greenhouse film as epiphragma, the wide 2.5m of film.Approximately 1.5m is reserved at film two ends between the seedbed, is fixed on place apart from two ends, seedbed 1m with short timber.
The nutrition pond arranges specification: long 10m, wide 1.05m, dark 18cm.Be built into cement brick, at the bottom of the pond, leveling makes real.Rebasing with black plastic film at the bottom of the pond, the transparent agricultural film of its upper berth one deck 0.1mm.High 10～the 15cm of pool side edge.Miao Chi can use after adopting bleaching powder 15g to add water 1000kg soaking disinfection 2h with every standard pool.
2, front seed treatment is selected and broadcast to seed: the seed that selection full grains, the first year that maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good produce, with 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, then with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature.
3, matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is to prepare take cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash as raw material.Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm.During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly.
4, floating plate is grown seedlings and is managed:
Sowing time: early January is to mid-March.
Sowing: broadcast front elder generation matrix is irrigated.In the evenly punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are placed on vernalization in growing floor with the seedling dish, keep 20～25 ℃ of the temperature on seedling-cultivating tray surface, often keep card moistening, will the cave dish after approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally move in booth nutrition pond manage.
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, take nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio as 6: 4, other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; Its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, and the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart from sowing to the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Last 2 weeks are down to 50ppm again, and the depth of water in the nutrition pond can increase to 10～15cm at that time.
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, need carry out thinning, final singling, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out simultaneously weak seedling in the dish of cave, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management.
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on the plastic-steel booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%.Indoor temperature beginning in daytime general control is at 15～25 ℃, be controlled at 20～28 ℃ temperature 5-10 ℃ of night after final singling, temperature is during lower than 10 ℃, adopt the measure of heating, temperature is higher than 30 ℃, and every morning and short-term are near noon suitably opened booth, hut both sides bilayer film and ventilate, to carry out the booth hydrofuge and to prevent high temperature, if find that temperature is higher than 25 ℃, should in time strengthen the measures such as ventilation, even adopt the method coolings such as water spray, especially fine day notes controlling the seedbed surface temperature not over 30 ℃.After at 4 o'clock in afternoon, in time epiphragma insulation.Severe cold season is noted manually removing the canopy film and is frozen, and uses to light a fire with the high-quality beehive coal ball in canopy and heat.
The disease pest and weed control: artificial weeding, around booth, in the dish of in canopy and cave, maintenance is without weeds.Spray and to kill to such an extent that grade is prevented and treated disease, spray the control insect pests such as chlorophos.
Hardening: carried out hardening in seedling age 55-65 days, continue approximately 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting.
5, transplant: decide the cave and transplant, adopt the black film mulching mode to plant after planting, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Planting patterns management routinely after surviving.Late October to late November gathers in the crops.
Embodiment 1
1, seedling growth greenhouse and nutrition pond preparation
The floating seedlings booth is built in sunny, traffic convenience, physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, the ground temperature place fast, that source of clean water is arranged that gets warm again after a cold spell, the place needs and the domestic animal isolation, avoids and selects the vegetable plot.In canopy sterilization follow for a long time, repeatedly, the sterilization principle of various medicaments.Initial with soil in weed killer herbicide and insecticide spraying canopy, spray disinfectant is carried out in different broad spectrum type insecticide, the bactericide gradation of rear employing.The booth specification is long 30m, wide 6.1m, high 2.5m.Air door is located at the two ends of booth, high 2m, wide 1.5m; Vent window is located at the both sides of booth, overhead high 80cm.The ventilation door and window all adds the insect protected nylon gauze.Each booth can be anchored a tent and be supported 10, pond.For promoting insulation, all build little shed on the pond, specification: long 10m, wide 1.2m, high 50cm, 1.0 meters of arch spacings, take the 0.12mm non-drop greenhouse film as epiphragma, the wide 2.5m of film.Approximately 1.5m is reserved at film two ends between the seedbed,, is " horse hair " shape with it bundle together, is fixed on place apart from two ends, seedbed 1m with short timber, is convenient to start the ventilation of both sides, seedbed.
The nutrition pond arranges specification: nursery pond length is 7m; The nursery pond width is 1.07m; The nursery pond height is 17.5cm.2 floating row floating plates are put in each pond, and are rebasing with black plastic film at the bottom of the pond, make: be built into cement brick, at the bottom of the pond, leveling makes real.Tile at the bottom of one deck black thin film is close to the pond, surrounding is fixed on Chi Yanshang, guarantees the film no leakage, the transparent agricultural film of its upper berth one deck 0.1mm.The floating pool edge is with plank or brick one-tenth, high 10～15cm.Miao Chi can use after adopting bleaching powder 15g to add water 1000kg soaking disinfection 2h with every standard pool.
2, seed is selected and presowing treatment
Select the seed of results in the first year.Require full seed, outward appearance is orange to yellowish-brown, without going mouldy, this kind of tool color and luster.Cleanliness 〉=90%, purity 〉=98%, moisture≤14.5%, thousand kernel weight 〉=1.5g; Germination rate 〉=80%, vitality 〉=85.0%.Adopt 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, then with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature, be sowed in the dish of cave, vernalization under indoor 20-25 ℃ condition, approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and manages in rear immigration booth nutrition pond.
3, matrix is prepared
The matrix allotment: mixed-matrix is to prepare take cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash as raw material.Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes through this method: dry after 1000 times of liquid of the chlorophos crystal with 90% fully irrigate; Every cubic metre of detritus soil is executed 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, mixes thoroughly to cover 2～3d with plastic film afterwards, throws off to treat that flavour of a drug vapor away after film and apply pulverized limestone again, and every cubic metre of detritus soil applies 120 grams, fully mixes thoroughly; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm.During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly.
The cave dish is selected and sterilization: the floating plate of growing seedlings is bellmouth polystyrene extruded foam plastics cave dish, the long 66.5cm of seedling dish, wide 34cm coils thick 5.5cm, the dark 4.7cm in cave, base thickness 0.5cm, every dish seedling cave number is 153 holes, above a plurality of conical vesicles that evenly distribute, on vesicle, bore is large, lower bore is little, and conical tip has aperture.Before using, to first clean with clear water the floating plate of growing seedlings, then with after 10% liquor natrii hypochloritis 2h or the copper-bath soaking disinfection 8h with 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate 4h or 1%, then clean up with clear water.
The matrix filling: will match good matrix and spray with clean water, fully wetting, general mixed-matrix is watered to water content 60%, with holding a matrix, does not have moisture to extrude, and unclamping hand can be agglomerating, but touching gently, matrix can be scattered, and can enter dish and use.Matrix is placed on floating plate, with plank, matrix is pushed each seedling cave, the porose filling of institute of guaranteeing all dishes during sabot is consistent, the filling dish must reach the suitable degree of depth during hole, the tension that the dish hole can not be filled, matrix do not occur and fall as degree to press with have gentle hands, with the implement degree of matrix in the process of growing seedlings in the control panel hole.
4, floating plate is grown seedlings and is managed
Sowing time: early January.
Sowing: broadcast front elder generation matrix is irrigated.(utilize the self-controls such as plank, the card punch base plate is provided with the projection corresponding with the cup center, cave of seedling culture hole plate, and projection is pressed 9*17 and arranged, the protruding thick 5mm on base plate with the self-control perforator for nursery stock growing aperture disk; Regulate the degree of depth that projection enters hole, cave mesostroma, make the cave nest degree of depth of generation consistent.) punching, the dark 5mm in cave, the punching degree of depth wants consistent, with finger, seed evenly is sown into the central authorities in hole, cave, and 2 of every bunch planting kinds are after planting in the thick matrix of the surface of the seed uniform fold one deck 2mm.Card matrix is scraped totally, expose the upper peristoma in each hole.Spray 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf to the matrix of fully drenching.The seedling dish is placed on vernalization in growing floor, keeps 20～25 ℃ of the temperature on seedling-cultivating tray surface, often keep card moistening, mend clear water for preventing the excessive employing spray-on process of matrix tension and water content.Indoor atomizer spraying, air humidity is greater than 90%.Approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after (being that most seeds are sprouted) will the cave dish to move in booth nutrition pond and manages.If there is the place of dew face to cover with other light screening materials as far as possible.
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, take nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio as 6: 4, other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; Its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart from sowing to the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply, in time regulate and control water level depending on nutrient solution variation or weather condition, if find the EC value higher than 1.0ms/cm, or the evaporation of fine day moisture is larger, water all need in time add water lower than 5cm; Last 2 weeks are down to 50ppm again, and in the nutrition pond, the depth of water still keeps 10cm at that time.Application process is: the fertilizer that calculates is dissolved in a bucket fully, seedling-cultivating tray is taken out, solution is poured in the pond along seedling pond trend minute a plurality of points, and stir, the seedling-cultivating tray former state is put back at last again.In time inject clear water after noting applying fertilizer to initial water level, forbid to add fertilizer solution and water above the seedling dish.After adding fertilizer, must be with the pH value of the pH test paper colorimetric estimation one time of nutrition liquid of 5.5～9.0 precision.The scope regulation and control of pH of nutrient solution value are between 5.5～6.5.If the pH value is higher, greater than 7.0, the H of available 0.1N
2SO
4Solution is proofreaied and correct; If the pH value is on the low side, less than 5.5, the NaOH solution of available 0.1N is proofreaied and correct.
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, need carry out thinning, final singling, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out simultaneously weak seedling in the dish of cave, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management.
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on canopy, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%.Temperature beginning in indoor daytime general control is controlled at 20～28 ℃ at 15～25 ℃ temperature 5-10 ℃ of night after final singling, temperature will adopt the measure of heating during lower than 10 ℃; Every morning is with short-term, suitably opened booth, hut both sides bilayer film ventilation near noon, to carry out the booth hydrofuge and to prevent high temperature, if find that temperature is higher than 25 ℃, should in time strengthen the measures such as ventilation, even adopt the method coolings such as water spray, especially fine day notes controlling the seedbed surface temperature not over 30 ℃.After at 4 o'clock in afternoon, in time epiphragma insulation.Severe cold season is noted manually removing the canopy film and is frozen, and uses to light a fire with the high-quality beehive coal ball in canopy and heat.
The disease pest and weed control: between nursery stage, artificial weeding 2-3 time, around booth, in the dish of in canopy and cave, maintenance is without weeds.Enter the booth personnel and must use the suds handwashing disinfection, sole is through sterilization pool.From the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling is emerged, spray 77% and can kill to get 800～1000 times of liquid, spray in every 7～10 days once connects and sprays 3 times, in time sprays 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim after final singling.The seedbed phase can with 500 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet or 500 times of 50% carbendazim or 500～800 times of 75% tpns or green prosperous No. 1 1000 times of liquid or 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf, spray once, and spray and carry out disease control 2～3 times in every 7～10 days.When finding that diseased plant appears in the seedbed, should in time remove, focus in the place away from seedling growth greenhouse.Find insect pest situation, with 90% chlorophos 800-1000 times liquid, 2000 times of agricultural chemicals such as liquid of omethoate emulsifiable solution of 40%, sprayed once, and sprayed and to control insect pest 2～3 times in every 10～15 days.
Hardening: carried out hardening in seedling age 55-65 days.Grew seedlings 55-65 days, when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grew to 2 leaf 1 heart, outside air temperature had begun to raise, can keep sheltering from heat or light, and progressively opens plastic film, ventilated round the clock in canopy both sides, with temperature control cut off the water supply fertile hardening and the moisture that often fills spray.The slight wilting occurs with the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling noon in the degree of hardening, can revert to suitable sooner or later.The hardening phase is met the rain epiphragma, takes off film after rain.To prevent simultaneously cold in the late spring harm.So continue approximately 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting.
5, transplant
Decide the cave and transplant, adopt the black film mulching mode to plant after planting, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Planting patterns management routinely after surviving.Late October gathers in the crops.
Embodiment 2
1, seedling growth greenhouse and nutrition pond preparation
The floating seedlings booth is built in sunny, traffic convenience, physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, the ground temperature place fast, that source of clean water is arranged that gets warm again after a cold spell, the place needs and the domestic animal isolation, avoids and selects the vegetable plot.In canopy sterilization follow for a long time, repeatedly, the sterilization principle of various medicaments.Initial with soil in weed killer herbicide and insecticide spraying canopy, spray disinfectant is carried out in different broad spectrum type insecticide, the bactericide gradation of rear employing.The booth specification is long 30m, wide 6.1m, high 2.5m.Air door is located at the two ends of booth, high 2m, wide 1.5m; Vent window is located at the both sides of booth, overhead high 80cm.The ventilation door and window all adds the insect protected nylon gauze.Each booth can be anchored a tent and be supported 10, pond.For promoting insulation, all build little shed on the pond, specification: long 10m, wide 1.2m, high 50cm, 1.0 meters of arch spacings, take the 0.12mm non-drop greenhouse film as epiphragma, the wide 2.5m of film.Approximately 1.5m is reserved at film two ends between the seedbed,, is " horse hair " shape with it bundle together, is fixed on place apart from two ends, seedbed 1m with short timber, is convenient to start the ventilation of both sides, seedbed.The nutrition pond arranges specification: nursery pond length is 7m; The nursery pond width is 1.07m; The nursery pond height is 17.5cm.2 floating row floating plates are put in each pond, and are rebasing with black plastic film at the bottom of the pond, make: be built into cement brick, at the bottom of the pond, leveling makes real.Tile at the bottom of one deck black thin film is close to the pond, surrounding is fixed on Chi Yanshang, guarantees the film no leakage, the transparent agricultural film of its upper berth one deck 0.1mm.The floating pool edge is with plank or brick one-tenth, high 10～15cm.Miao Chi can use after adopting bleaching powder 15g to add water 1000kg soaking disinfection 2h with every standard pool.
2, seed is selected and presowing treatment
Select the seed of results in the first year.Require full seed, outward appearance is orange to yellowish-brown, without going mouldy, this kind of tool color and luster.Cleanliness 〉=90%, purity 〉=98%, moisture≤14.5%, thousand kernel weight 〉=1.5g; Germination rate 〉=80%, vitality 〉=85.0%.Adopt 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, then with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature, be sowed in the dish of cave, vernalization under indoor 20-25 ℃ condition, approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and manages in rear immigration booth nutrition pond.
3, matrix is prepared
The matrix allotment: mixed-matrix is to prepare take cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash as raw material.Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes through this method: dry after 1000 times of liquid of the chlorophos crystal with 90% fully irrigate; Every cubic metre of detritus soil is executed 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, mixes thoroughly to cover 2～3d with plastic film afterwards, throws off to treat that flavour of a drug vapor away after film and apply pulverized limestone again, and every cubic metre of detritus soil applies 120 grams, fully mixes thoroughly; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm.During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly.
The cave dish is selected and sterilization: the floating plate of growing seedlings is bellmouth polystyrene extruded foam plastics cave dish, the long 66.5cm of seedling dish, wide 34cm coils thick 5.5cm, the dark 4.7cm in cave, base thickness 0.5cm, every dish seedling cave number is 153 holes, above a plurality of conical vesicles that evenly distribute, on vesicle, bore is large, lower bore is little, and conical tip has aperture.Before using, to first clean with clear water the floating plate of growing seedlings, then with after 10% liquor natrii hypochloritis 2h or the copper-bath soaking disinfection 8h with 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate 4h or 1%, then clean up with clear water.
The matrix filling: will match good matrix and spray with clean water, fully wetting, general mixed-matrix is watered to water content 60%, with holding a matrix, does not have moisture to extrude, and unclamping hand can be agglomerating, but touching gently, matrix can be scattered, and can enter dish and use.Matrix is placed on floating plate, with plank, matrix is pushed each seedling cave, the porose filling of institute of guaranteeing all dishes during sabot is consistent, the filling dish must reach the suitable degree of depth during hole, the tension that the dish hole can not be filled, matrix do not occur and fall as degree to press with have gentle hands, with the implement degree of matrix in the process of growing seedlings in the control panel hole.
4, floating plate is grown seedlings and is managed
Sowing time: early January.
Sowing: broadcast front elder generation matrix is irrigated.(utilize the self-controls such as plank, the card punch base plate is provided with the projection corresponding with the cup center, cave of seedling culture hole plate, and projection is pressed 9*17 and arranged, the protruding thick 5mm on base plate with the self-control perforator for nursery stock growing aperture disk; Regulate the degree of depth that projection enters hole, cave mesostroma, make the cave nest degree of depth of generation consistent.) punching, the dark 5mm in cave, the punching degree of depth wants consistent, with finger, seed evenly is sown into the central authorities in hole, cave, and 2 of every bunch planting kinds are after planting in the thick matrix of the surface of the seed uniform fold one deck 2mm.Card matrix is scraped totally, expose the upper peristoma in each hole.Spray 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf to the matrix of fully drenching.The seedling dish is placed on vernalization in growing floor, keeps 20～25 ℃ of the temperature on seedling-cultivating tray surface, often keep card moistening, mend clear water for preventing the excessive employing spray-on process of matrix tension and water content.Indoor atomizer spraying, air humidity is greater than 90%.Approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after (being that most seeds are sprouted) will the cave dish to move in booth nutrition pond and manages.If there is the place of dew face to cover with other light screening materials as far as possible.
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, take nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio as 6: 4, other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; The feeding principle is " first few rear many ".Can add nutrient solution before the entry of seedling dish, at this moment, the Different Nitrogen Concentration in nutrient solution is controlled at 50-75mg/kg, the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart from sowing to the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply, in time regulate and control water level depending on nutrient solution variation or weather condition, if find the EC value higher than 1.0ms/cm, or the evaporation of fine day moisture is larger, water all need in time add water lower than 5cm; Last 2 weeks are down to 50ppm again, and in the nutrition pond, the depth of water still keeps 10cm at that time.Application process is: the fertilizer that calculates is dissolved in a bucket fully, seedling-cultivating tray is taken out, solution is poured in the pond along seedling pond trend minute a plurality of points, and stir, the seedling-cultivating tray former state is put back at last again.In time inject clear water after noting applying fertilizer to initial water level, forbid to add fertilizer solution and water above the seedling dish.After adding fertilizer, must be with the pH value of the pH test paper colorimetric estimation one time of nutrition liquid of 5.5～9.0 precision.The scope regulation and control of pH of nutrient solution value are between 5.5～6.5.If the pH value is higher, greater than 7.0, the H of available 0.1N
2SO
4Solution is proofreaied and correct; If the pH value is on the low side, less than 5.5, the NaOH solution of available 0.1N is proofreaied and correct.
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, need carry out thinning, final singling, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out simultaneously weak seedling in the dish of cave, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management.
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on canopy, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%.Temperature beginning in indoor daytime general control is controlled at 20～28 ℃ at 15～25 ℃ temperature 5-10 ℃ of night after final singling, temperature will adopt the measure of heating during lower than 10 ℃; Every morning is with short-term, suitably opened booth, hut both sides bilayer film ventilation near noon, to carry out the booth hydrofuge and to prevent high temperature, if find that temperature is higher than 25 ℃, should in time strengthen the measures such as ventilation, even adopt the method coolings such as water spray, especially fine day notes controlling the seedbed surface temperature not over 30 ℃.After at 4 o'clock in afternoon, in time epiphragma insulation.Severe cold season is noted manually removing the canopy film and is frozen, and uses to light a fire with the high-quality beehive coal ball in canopy and heat.
The disease pest and weed control: between nursery stage, artificial weeding 2-3 time, around booth, in the dish of in canopy and cave, maintenance is without weeds.Enter the booth personnel and must use the suds handwashing disinfection, sole is through sterilization pool.From the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling is emerged, spray 77% and can kill to get 800～1000 times of liquid, spray in every 7～10 days once connects and sprays 3 times, in time sprays 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim after final singling.The seedbed phase can with 500 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet or 500 times of 50% carbendazim or 500～800 times of 75% tpns or green prosperous No. 1 1000 times of liquid or 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf, spray once, and spray and carry out disease control 2～3 times in every 7～10 days.When finding that diseased plant appears in the seedbed, should in time remove, focus in the place away from seedling growth greenhouse.Find insect pest situation, with 90% chlorophos 800-1000 times liquid, 2000 times of agricultural chemicals such as liquid of omethoate emulsifiable solution of 40%, sprayed once, and sprayed and to control insect pest 2～3 times in every 10～15 days.
Hardening: carried out hardening in seedling age 55-65 days, grew seedlings 55-65 days, when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grew to 2 leaf 1 heart, outside air temperature had begun to raise, can keep sheltering from heat or light, and progressively opens plastic film, ventilated round the clock in canopy both sides, with temperature control cut off the water supply fertile hardening and the moisture that often fills spray.The slight wilting occurs with the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling noon in the degree of hardening, can revert to suitable sooner or later.The hardening phase is met the rain epiphragma, takes off film after rain.To prevent simultaneously cold in the late spring harm.So continue approximately 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting.
5, transplant
Decide the cave and transplant, adopt the black film mulching mode to plant after planting, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Planting patterns management routinely after surviving.Early November gathers in the crops.
Embodiment 3
1, seedling growth greenhouse and nutrition pond preparation
The floating seedlings booth is built in sunny, traffic convenience, physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, the ground temperature place fast, that source of clean water is arranged that gets warm again after a cold spell, the place needs and the domestic animal isolation, avoids and selects the vegetable plot.In canopy sterilization follow for a long time, repeatedly, the sterilization principle of various medicaments.Initial with soil in weed killer herbicide and insecticide spraying canopy, spray disinfectant is carried out in different broad spectrum type insecticide, the bactericide gradation of rear employing.The booth specification is long 30m, wide 6.1m, high 2.5m.Air door is located at the two ends of booth, high 2m, wide 1.5m; Vent window is located at the both sides of booth, overhead high 80cm.The ventilation door and window all adds the insect protected nylon gauze.Each booth can be anchored a tent and be supported 10, pond.For promoting insulation, all build little shed on the pond, specification: long 10m, wide 1.2m, high 50cm, 1.0 meters of arch spacings, take the 0.12mm non-drop greenhouse film as epiphragma, the wide 2.5m of film.Approximately 1.5m is reserved at film two ends between the seedbed,, is " horse hair " shape with it bundle together, is fixed on place apart from two ends, seedbed 1m with short timber, is convenient to start the ventilation of both sides, seedbed.The nutrition pond arranges specification: nursery pond length is 7m; The nursery pond width is 1.07m; The nursery pond height is 17.5cm.2 floating row floating plates are put in each pond, and are rebasing with black plastic film at the bottom of the pond, make: be built into cement brick, at the bottom of the pond, leveling makes real.Tile at the bottom of one deck black thin film is close to the pond, surrounding is fixed on Chi Yanshang, guarantees the film no leakage, the transparent agricultural film of its upper berth one deck 0.1mm.The floating pool edge is with plank or brick one-tenth, high 10～15cm.Miao Chi can use after adopting bleaching powder 15g to add water 1000kg soaking disinfection 2h with every standard pool.
2, seed is selected and presowing treatment
Select the seed of results in the first year.Require full seed, outward appearance is orange to yellowish-brown, without going mouldy, this kind of tool color and luster.Cleanliness 〉=90%, purity 〉=98%, moisture≤14.5%, thousand kernel weight 〉=1.5g; Germination rate 〉=80%, vitality 〉=85.0%.Adopt 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, then with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature, be sowed in the dish of cave, vernalization under indoor 20-25 ℃ condition, approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and manages in rear immigration booth nutrition pond.
3, matrix is prepared
The matrix allotment: mixed-matrix is to prepare take cinder, detritus soil and charing rice husk ash as raw material.Detritus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes through this method: dry after 1000 times of liquid of the chlorophos crystal with 90% fully irrigate; Every cubic metre of detritus soil is executed 50% powder of carbendazim 40g, mixes thoroughly to cover 2～3d with plastic film afterwards, throws off to treat that flavour of a drug vapor away after film and apply pulverized limestone again, and every cubic metre of detritus soil applies 120 grams, fully mixes thoroughly; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3mm.During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the thin detritus soil 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly.
The cave dish is selected and sterilization: the floating plate of growing seedlings is bellmouth polystyrene extruded foam plastics cave dish, the long 66.5cm of seedling dish, wide 34cm coils thick 5.5cm, the dark 4.7cm in cave, base thickness 0.5cm, every dish seedling cave number is 153 holes, above a plurality of conical vesicles that evenly distribute, on vesicle, bore is large, lower bore is little, and conical tip has aperture.Before using, to first clean with clear water the floating plate of growing seedlings, then with after 10% liquor natrii hypochloritis 2h or the copper-bath soaking disinfection 8h with 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate 4h or 1%, then clean up with clear water.
The matrix filling: will match good matrix and spray with clean water, fully wetting, general mixed-matrix is watered to water content 60%, with holding a matrix, does not have moisture to extrude, and unclamping hand can be agglomerating, but touching gently, matrix can be scattered, and can enter to use.Matrix is placed on floating plate, with plank, matrix is pushed each seedling cave, the porose filling of institute of guaranteeing all dishes during sabot is consistent, the filling dish must reach the suitable degree of depth during hole, the tension that the dish hole can not be filled, matrix do not occur and fall as degree to press with have gentle hands, with the implement degree of matrix in the process of growing seedlings in the control panel hole.
4, floating plate is grown seedlings and is managed
Sowing time: early January.
Sowing: broadcast front elder generation matrix is irrigated.(utilize the self-controls such as plank, the card punch base plate is provided with the projection corresponding with the cup center, cave of seedling culture hole plate, and projection is pressed 9*17 and arranged, the protruding thick 5mm on base plate with the self-control perforator for nursery stock growing aperture disk; Regulate the degree of depth that projection enters hole, cave mesostroma, make the cave nest degree of depth of generation consistent.) punching, the dark 5mm in cave, the punching degree of depth wants consistent, with finger, seed evenly is sown into the central authorities in hole, cave, and 2 of every bunch planting kinds are after planting in the thick matrix of the surface of the seed uniform fold one deck 2mm.Card matrix is scraped totally, expose the upper peristoma in each hole.Spray 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf to the matrix of fully drenching.The seedling dish is placed on vernalization in growing floor, keeps 20～25 ℃ of the temperature on seedling-cultivating tray surface, often keep card moistening, mend clear water for preventing the excessive employing spray-on process of matrix tension and water content.Indoor atomizer spraying, air humidity is greater than 90%.Approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after (being that most seeds are sprouted) will the cave dish to move in booth nutrition pond and manages.If there is the place of dew face to cover with other light screening materials as far as possible.
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N: P
2O
5: K
2The O ratio is 20: 10: 20, take nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio as 6: 4, other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; The feeding principle is " first few rear many ".Can add nutrient solution before the entry of seedling dish, at this moment, the Different Nitrogen Concentration in nutrient solution is controlled at 50-75mg/kg, the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart from sowing to the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply, in time regulate and control water level depending on nutrient solution variation or weather condition, if find the EC value higher than 1.0ms/cm, or the evaporation of fine day moisture is larger, water all need in time add water lower than 5cm; Last 2 weeks are down to 50ppm again, and in the nutrition pond, the depth of water still keeps 10cm at that time.Application process is: the fertilizer that calculates is dissolved in a bucket fully, seedling-cultivating tray is taken out, solution is poured in the pond along seedling pond trend minute a plurality of points, and stir, the seedling-cultivating tray former state is put back at last again.In time inject clear water after noting applying fertilizer to initial water level, forbid to add fertilizer solution and water above the seedling dish.After adding fertilizer, must be with the pH value of the pH test paper colorimetric estimation one time of nutrition liquid of 5.5～9.0 precision.The scope regulation and control of pH of nutrient solution value are between 5.5～6.5.If the pH value is higher, greater than 7.0, the H of available 0.1N
2SO
4Solution is proofreaied and correct; If the pH value is on the low side, less than 5.5, the NaOH solution of available 0.1N is proofreaied and correct.
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, need carry out thinning, final singling, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out simultaneously weak seedling in the dish of cave, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management.
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on canopy, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%.Temperature beginning in indoor daytime general control is controlled at 20～28 ℃ at 15～25 ℃ temperature 5-10 ℃ of night after final singling, temperature will adopt the measure of heating during lower than 10 ℃; Every morning is with short-term, suitably opened booth, hut both sides bilayer film ventilation near noon, to carry out the booth hydrofuge and to prevent high temperature, if find that temperature is higher than 25 ℃, should in time strengthen the measures such as ventilation, even adopt the method coolings such as water spray, especially fine day notes controlling the seedbed surface temperature not over 30 ℃.After at 4 o'clock in afternoon, in time epiphragma insulation.Severe cold season is noted manually removing the canopy film and is frozen, and uses to light a fire with the high-quality beehive coal ball in canopy and heat.
The disease pest and weed control: between nursery stage, artificial weeding 2-3 time, around booth, in the dish of in canopy and cave, maintenance is without weeds.Enter the booth personnel and must use the suds handwashing disinfection, sole is through sterilization pool.From the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling is emerged, spray 77% and can kill to get 800～1000 times of liquid, spray in every 7～10 days once connects and sprays 3 times, in time sprays 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim after final singling.The seedbed phase can with 500 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet or 500 times of 50% carbendazim or 500～800 times of 75% tpns or green prosperous No. 1 1000 times of liquid or 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf, spray once, and spray and carry out disease control 2～3 times in every 7～10 days.When finding that diseased plant appears in the seedbed, should in time remove, focus in the place away from seedling growth greenhouse.Find insect pest situation, with 90% chlorophos 800-1000 times liquid, 2000 times of agricultural chemicals such as liquid of omethoate emulsifiable solution of 40%, sprayed once, and sprayed and to control insect pest 2～3 times in every 10～15 days.
Hardening: carried out hardening in seedling age 55-65 days, grew seedlings 55-65 days, when the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling grew to 2 leaf 1 heart, outside air temperature had begun to raise, can keep sheltering from heat or light, and progressively opens plastic film, ventilated round the clock in canopy both sides, with temperature control cut off the water supply fertile hardening and the moisture that often fills spray.The slight wilting occurs with the Radix Angelicae Sinensis seedling noon in the degree of hardening, can revert to suitable sooner or later.The hardening phase is met the rain epiphragma, takes off film after rain.To prevent simultaneously cold in the late spring harm.So continue approximately 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting.
5, transplant
Decide the cave and transplant, adopt the black film mulching mode to plant after planting, planting density 7000 strain/mus.Planting patterns management routinely after surviving.Early November gathers in the crops.
Claims (2)
1. the floating plate seedling-cultivating method of a stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis is characterized in that:
(a) processing of seed: the seed that selection full grains, the first year that maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good produce, with 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well;
(b) matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is prepared take cinder, humus soil and charing rice husk ash as raw material; Humus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the mull 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly; The matrix that apolegamy is good is loaded the cave dish;
(c) floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March;
Sowing: broadcast front elder generation matrix is irrigated; In the evenly punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are placed on vernalization in growing floor with the seedling dish, will manage in dish immigration booth nutrition pond, cave after approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N ﹕ P
2O
5﹕ K
2The O ratio is 20 ﹕ 10 ﹕ 20, take nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio as 6 ﹕ 4, its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart from sowing to seedling, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Hardening last 2 weeks be down to again 50ppm, the depth of water in the nutrition pond increases to 10～15 ㎝ at that time;
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1;
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%; Indoor daytime, temperature began to be controlled at 15～25 ℃, was controlled at 20～28 ℃ after final singling;
Hardening: carried out hardening in seedling age 55-65 days, continue 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting;
(d) transplant: decide the cave and transplant, adopt the black film mulching mode to plant after planting, planting density 7000 strain/mus, planting patterns management routinely after surviving.
2. want the floating plate seedling-cultivating method of 1 described stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis according to right, it is characterized in that:
(a) processing of seed: the seed that selection full grains, the first year that maturity is high, cleanliness is high, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good produce, with 40% carbendazim seed soaking 24h, rinse well, then with 30 ℃ of 48h that hot water treatment of seeds of water temperature;
(b) matrix is prepared: mixed-matrix is prepared take cinder, humus soil and charing rice husk ash as raw material; Humus soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and sterilizes; Each raw material all sieves, and particle is no more than 3 mm; During preparation by the matrix volumetric ratio: mix with the mull 60%～70% that sieves, charing husk 15～20%, cinder 15%～20%, mix thoroughly; The matrix that apolegamy is good is loaded the cave dish;
(c) floating plate is grown seedlings and managed: the sowing time is controlled at annual early January to mid-March;
Sowing: broadcast front elder generation matrix is irrigated; In the evenly punching of matrix central authorities, 2 of every bunch planting kinds are placed on vernalization in growing floor with the seedling dish, keep 20～25 ℃ of the temperature on seedling-cultivating tray surface, often keep card moistening, will the cave dish after approximately 2/3 seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally move in booth nutrition pond manage;
Nutrient management: the mineral nutrient content of nutrient solution is with N ﹕ P
2O
5﹕ K
2The O ratio is 20 ﹕ 10 ﹕ 20, take nitrate nitrogen with the ammonium nitrogen ratio as 6 ﹕ 4, other each nutritive element content is Mg 0.10%, S 0.05%, Fe 0.1%, Mn 0.05%, B 0.01%, Cu 0.01%, Zn 0.01%, Mo 0.005%; Its Different Nitrogen Concentration is controlled at 50-100mg/kg, and the EC value is lower than 1.0ms/cm, and pool inner water keeps 5cm deeply, and when growing to 2 leaf 1 heart from sowing to seedling, topdressing makes the nutrient solution Different Nitrogen Concentration increase to 100ppm, and pool inner water keeps 10cm deeply; Hardening last 2 weeks be down to again 50ppm, the depth of water to 10 in the nutrition pond～15 ㎝ at that time;
Thinning, final singling: when seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart, seedling unnecessary in the hole, cave is taken out, every cave keeps strain in strong sprout 1, takes out simultaneously weak seedling in the dish of cave, hole on the merging dish, and 1 seedling is mended in every hole, guarantees that every cave 1 seedling is in order to management;
Temperature, light regulation and control: add a cover shade net on booth, keep sheltering from heat or light rate 70-90%; Indoor daytime, temperature began to be controlled at 15～25 ℃, at temperature 5-10 ℃ of night, was controlled at 20～28 ℃ after final singling;
Hardening: carried out hardening in seedling age 55-65 days, continue 25～30 days, make seedling more adapt to the external environmental condition of field planting, in order to transplanting;
(d), transplant: decide the cave and transplant, adopt the black film mulching mode to plant after planting, planting density 7000 strain/mus, planting patterns management routinely after surviving.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104705030B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2017-05-17 | 祁晓玲 | Standardized planting method of angelica sinensis |
| CN103688742B (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-04-01 | 红河千山生物工程有限公司 | Floating seedling breeding method of erigeron breviscapus |
| CN104012389B (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-05-11 | 宝金安 | A kind of Paris polyphylla float seedling method |
| CN105103846B (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2017-06-16 | 陈水根 | Improve the goldenrod implantation methods of volatile oil content |
| CN105850485A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-08-17 | 安徽省天瑞园生态农业科技有限公司 | Seedling growing method of hyacinth beans |
| CN109329028A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-15 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | A kind of substrate culture method of stone kiln Radix Angelicae Sinensis |
| CN112640760A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-13 | 定西市农业科学研究院 | Angelica sinensis seedling culture medium and seedling culture method |
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| CN101019489A (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2007-08-22 | 王丽辉 | Schisandra cultivating process |
| CN101164409A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2008-04-23 | 楚雄医药高等专科学校 | Floatation seedling method for traditional Chinese medicine |
| CN101322457A (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2008-12-17 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method for breeding Chinese angelica seedlings for resisting early bolting |
| CN101647358B (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-06-08 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for shortening planting cycle of cloud angelica |
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