CN115413552A - Perennial root herbaceous flower seed production method - Google Patents
Perennial root herbaceous flower seed production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115413552A CN115413552A CN202211035777.2A CN202211035777A CN115413552A CN 115413552 A CN115413552 A CN 115413552A CN 202211035777 A CN202211035777 A CN 202211035777A CN 115413552 A CN115413552 A CN 115413552A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing seeds of perennial root herbaceous flowers, which comprises the steps of selecting a frost-free period to produce seeds in an area of 100-130 days, covering the frost-free period with a non-woven fabric or a transparent film after sowing, preserving heat and moisture, hardening off not less than 7 days before field planting of seedlings sowed in a seedbed, thinning the seedlings sowed in a field after the seedlings turn green in the second year, watering once after the plants turn yellow when the temperature is reduced, and covering the plants with wheat straw for more than 15 cm before sealing and freezing the soil. According to the method, the seed production area is scientifically selected, the non-woven fabric or transparent film is used for covering the seeds after sowing to preserve heat and moisture, the germination rate is greatly improved, the plants are watered before overwintering, the water of the root systems of the plants can be effectively maintained, the plants are covered by the wheat straw for 15 cm during overwintering, the plants can be prevented from being frostbitten, the survival rate of the plants after overwintering is improved, and the seed production method can greatly improve key indexes such as seed yield, purity, bud rate and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seed production of herbaceous flowers, in particular to a seed production method of perennial herbaceous flowers.
Background
Perennial flowers are perennial herbaceous plants that can survive for more than 2 years and flower each year after maturity. Generally speaking, perennial flowers refer to flowers capable of 'hibernation', and flowers which can germinate, grow, blossom and bear seeds on the overground part in the next spring, and the flowers have the advantages of simple and convenient propagation and management, can bloom for many years when being planted in one year, are plant materials which are very suitable for urban greening and beautifying, can survive overwintering in the underground part of the plant without forming hypertrophic spherical or blocky roots, can still sprout and bloom in the next spring and continue for many years, mostly belong to the ecotype in cold areas, and are propagated by plants, and are generally carried out in the dormancy stage. Perennial flowers are perennial flower varieties suitable for the climate characteristics of China, and a large number of wild varieties and horticultural varieties in the flowers can safely live through winter and live through summer through proper management. The perennial root flowers have stronger vitality than the annual and biennial grass flowers, save water, resist drought, save labor and are easy to manage, the reasonable collocation of the varieties can completely reach the aim of 'having flowers in three seasons', and the urban greening development and the reasonable allocation of natural plant resources can be reflected. Therefore, perennial flowers are more and more popular with urban greening workers, and have wide market prospects. However, the seed production process of the existing perennial root herbaceous flowers cannot be scientifically and effectively managed, so that the seed yield of seed production and harvest is low, the purity is low, the bud rate is low, and the economic income of seed production households is further influenced. Therefore, a scientific and effective method for producing perennial root herbaceous flowers with greatly improved seed yield, purity and germination rate is needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for producing seeds of perennial root herbaceous flowers, which is scientific and effective and can greatly improve the seed yield, purity and germination rate.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method for producing the seeds of the perennial root herbaceous flowers comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed production area selection: selecting an area with a frost-free period of 100-130 days and a soil pH value of 5.5-8.2 for seed production, and arranging isolation zones among different varieties;
(2) Sowing and seedling raising: adopting a mode of seedbed seeding or field seeding, and covering a non-woven fabric or a transparent film for heat preservation and moisture preservation after seeding;
(3) Seedling stage management: transplanting and field planting are carried out on the seedlings sowed on the seedbed after 5-6 true leaves or 78-85 days of seedling age, and hardening treatment is carried out for not less than 7 days before field planting; the seedlings sowed in the field turn green in the second year and are thinned, and 1-2 seedlings are left in each hole;
(4) Field management: during the plant growth period, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 35-50% of the field water capacity; the growth period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer per mu of land is controlled within 30 kg; removing impurity plants, inferior plants and diseased plants by adopting a manual pulling method in 3 periods of vegetative growth period, flowering period and seed maturation period;
(5) Overwintering management: watering once after the plant turns yellow when the temperature is reduced, timely removing residual branches and leaves after overground parts of the plant are dried, and covering the plant with wheat straw for more than 15 centimeters before soil is frozen;
(6) Seed harvesting: harvesting the seeds in time after the seeds reach the morphological maturity, placing the fruits or inflorescences in a ventilated and shady place for airing after harvesting, frequently turning over the fruits or inflorescences to burst the peels and release the seeds, and carrying out impurity removal, seed cleaning, seed selection and grading treatment on the seeds.
Further, in the step (2), the temperature is maintained at 18-25 ℃ after sowing, and the humidity is maintained at 55-65%.
Further, in the step (3), transplanting and field planting are carried out on the cloudy day, afternoon or evening in the field planting time, and the field planting is carried out on the plants with the height of more than 60cm according to the plant-row spacing of 40 multiplied by 50 cm; planting the plants at the height of 40-60cm at the plant row spacing of 30 multiplied by 40 cm; planting the plants below 40cm in a row spacing of 25 × 35 cm; watering in time after field planting, and watering for the second time after one week.
Further, in the step (3), the seedling exercising treatment measures are that the sunshine time is increased by 1.5-2.5 h/day, the air humidity is reduced by 15% -20%, the temperature is reduced by 3-8 ℃, and the watering amount is reduced by 25% -35%.
Further, in the step (3), the thinning seedling follows the principle of removing size and leaving middle.
Further, in the step (1), the isolation belt is arranged in a manner that: the inter-species isolation bandwidth of the original seed nursery is more than 600 meters, the inter-species isolation bandwidth of the improved seed nursery is more than 400 meters, and the isolation area of the parent seed reproduction nursery in hybrid seed production is more than 600 meters.
Furthermore, when in hybrid seed production, a hybrid test is carried out one year in advance, and the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent is recorded, so that the male parent and the female parent are sowed in batches and the flowering phases can meet each other when in seed production in the second year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method, the seed production area is scientifically selected, the non-woven fabric or transparent film is used for heat preservation and moisture preservation after sowing, the germination rate of seeds is greatly improved, isolation belts are arranged according to different seed gardens and varieties, the seed purity is improved, seedling management and field management are scientifically carried out, plants with good growth vigor are reserved, moisture, temperature and fertilizer efficiency suitable for plant growth are maintained, the survival rate of the plants is guaranteed, the plants are watered before overwintering, the moisture of the root systems of the plants can be effectively maintained, the plants are covered by wheat straw for 15 cm during overwintering, the plants can be prevented from being frozen, the survival rate of the plants after overwintering is improved, fruits or inflorescences are placed in ventilated and cool places for airing after harvesting, the cracked pericarp and seeds are scattered through frequent turning, the seed production quality is effectively improved, the seed germination rate is greatly improved, and key indexes such as seed yield, purity and germination rate can be greatly improved.
2. The invention reasonably selects the seedbed seeding or field seeding according to the planting scale, and can effectively avoid resource planting waste.
3. According to the invention, measures such as increasing the sunshine duration, reducing the air temperature and humidity, reducing the watering amount and the like are adopted for hardening seedlings before field planting, the adaptability of the seedlings to the environment is improved, the survival rate of the seedlings after field planting is greatly increased, the field planting interval is reasonably determined according to the plant height, the field planting time is selected to be the time such as cloudy day, afternoon, evening and the like, the outside air temperature is not high, the sun is prevented from insolating the plants, the water content of the plants can be maintained, the damage to the plants is prevented, and the survival rate of the plants is improved.
4. According to the invention, when hybrid seed production is carried out, a hybridization experiment is carried out one year in advance, and the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent is recorded, so that the male parent and the female parent can be sown in batches during seed production, the flowering phases can meet, the success rate of hybrid seed production is ensured, and the seed yield is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for better illustrating the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention.
Example 1:
a seed production method of perennial root herbaceous flowers is used for carrying out seedbed sowing, seedling raising and seed production experiments on pyrethrum perennial root flower varieties and comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed production area selection: selecting an area with a frost-free period of 125 days and a soil pH value of 7.5 for seed production, and arranging isolation zones with the width of 600 meters among different varieties;
(2) Sowing and seedling raising: adopting a seedbed sowing mode, covering a transparent film for heat preservation and moisture preservation after sowing, and maintaining the temperature at 25 ℃ and the humidity at 58%;
(3) Seedling stage management: when the seedling age of the seedling sowed in the seedbed is 82 days, carrying out hardening treatment for 7 days by measures of increasing 2 h/day of sunlight, reducing 17% of humidity, reducing 8% of temperature, reducing 25% of watering amount and the like, and after the hardening treatment, selecting the seedbed seedling for transplanting and field planting in the afternoon to the evening, wherein the pyrethrum plant is about 68cm in height, so that the field planting is carried out according to the plant row spacing of 40 multiplied by 50 cm;
(4) And (3) field management: during the growth period of the plants, the water content of the soil is maintained at 40 percent of the field water capacity, and 28kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of land; removing impurity plants, inferior plants and diseased plants by adopting a manual pulling method in 3 periods of vegetative growth period, flowering period and seed maturation period;
(5) Overwintering management: watering once after the temperature is reduced and the plant turns yellow, timely removing field residual branches and leaves after the overground part of the plant is dried, and covering the plant with wheat straw for 20 cm before soil is frozen in winter;
(6) Seed harvesting: harvesting the seeds in time after the seeds reach the morphological maturity, placing the fruits or inflorescences in a ventilated and cool place for airing, frequently turning over to ensure that the peels burst the seeds and the seeds are scattered, and carrying out impurity removal, seed cleaning, seed selection and grading treatment on the seeds.
Examples 2 to 9:
a perennial root herbaceous flower seed production method carries out seed production experiments by using perennial root floral varieties of pyrethrum, false dragon head and ageratum, and is different from the embodiment 1 in that: the seeding mode adopted in the step (2) and the temperature and humidity conditions maintained after seeding are different, the seedling hardening condition, the field planting time, the plant row spacing and the thinning and remaining plant number in the step (3) are different, the proportion of maintaining the soil water content and the nitrogen fertilizer amount applied to each mu of land in the step (4) are different, and the wheat straw covering thickness in the step (5) is different.
Table 1 shows the statistical data of the conditions for carrying out examples 1 to 9 and the harvest of the seeds
When a common method is adopted for seed production of perennial root herbaceous flowers, the highest seed purity is only 90%, the highest bud rate is only 75%, and the water content is more than 13%, as can be seen from table 1, when the method is adopted for seed production of perennial root herbaceous flowers, the seed purity is more than 97%, the bud rate is more than 85%, the water content is less than 10%, the per-mu yield of the seeds is greatly improved, the problems of low seed yield, low purity and low bud rate of seed production of the perennial root herbaceous flowers at present are solved, the seed production process does not need to carry out complicated operation steps, the planting cost is low, the seed yield is high, and a seed production farmer can obtain good economic benefits and has good application prospects.
Claims (7)
1. A method for producing seeds of perennial root herbaceous flowers is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed production area selection: selecting an area with a frost-free period of 100-130 days and a soil pH value of 5.5-8.2 for seed production, and arranging isolation zones among different varieties;
(2) Sowing and seedling raising: adopting a mode of seedbed seeding or field seeding, and covering a non-woven fabric or a transparent film for heat preservation and moisture preservation after seeding;
(3) Seedling stage management: transplanting and field planting are carried out on the seedlings sowed on the seedbed after 5-6 true leaves or the seedlings are 78-85 days old, and hardening treatment is carried out for not less than 7 days before field planting; the seedlings sowed in the field turn green in the second year and are thinned, and 1-2 seedlings are reserved in each hole;
(4) Field management: during the plant growth period, the water content of the soil is maintained to be 35-50% of the field water capacity; the growth period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer per mu of land is controlled within 30 kg; removing impurity plants, inferior plants and diseased plants by adopting a manual pulling method in 3 periods of vegetative growth period, flowering period and seed maturation period;
(5) Overwintering management: watering once after the temperature is reduced and the plant turns yellow, removing residual branches and leaves in the field in time after the overground part of the plant is dried, and covering the plant with wheat straw for more than 15 cm before soil is frozen;
(6) Seed harvesting: harvesting the seeds in time after the seeds reach the morphological maturity, placing the fruits or inflorescences in a ventilated and cool place for airing, frequently turning over to ensure that the peels burst the seeds and the seeds are scattered, and carrying out impurity removal, seed cleaning, seed selection and grading treatment on the seeds.
2. The method for producing seeds of perennial root herbaceous flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the temperature is maintained at 18-25 ℃ after sowing, and the humidity is maintained at 55-65%.
3. The method for producing seeds of perennial root herbaceous flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), transplanting and field planting are carried out on a cloudy day, afternoon or evening in the field planting time, and the field planting is carried out on the height of a plant above 60cm according to the plant-row spacing of 40 multiplied by 50 cm; planting the plants at the height of 40-60cm at the row spacing of 30 multiplied by 40 cm; planting the plants below 40cm in a row spacing of 25 × 35 cm; watering in time after field planting, and watering the seedlings for the second time after one week.
4. The method for producing seeds of perennial root herbaceous flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the seedling exercising treatment measures are that the sunshine duration is increased by 1.5-2.5 h/day, the air humidity is reduced by 15% -20%, the temperature is reduced by 3-8 ℃, and the watering amount is reduced by 25% -35%.
5. The method for producing seeds of perennial root herbaceous flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the thinning is based on the principle of removing the size and leaving the middle.
6. The method for producing seeds of perennial root herbaceous flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the isolation belt is arranged in the following mode: the inter-species isolation bandwidth of the original seed nursery is more than 600 meters, the inter-species isolation bandwidth of the improved seed nursery is more than 400 meters, and the isolation area of the parent seed reproduction nursery in hybrid seed production is more than 600 meters.
7. The method for producing seeds of perennial root herbaceous flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: when in hybrid seed production, a hybrid test is carried out one year in advance, and the flowering time of the male parent and the female parent is recorded so as to ensure that the male parent and the female parent are sowed in batches and the flowering phases can meet each other when in seed production in the second year.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020063323A (en) * | 2001-01-27 | 2002-08-03 | 구례군 | A Breeding Method of Windflower Plug Seeding |
| CN101485260A (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2009-07-22 | 广西大学 | Perennial cultivation method for annual cotton |
| CN103069980A (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-05-01 | 凉山金叶废弃烟草集中销毁环保科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of dalmatian chrysan themum |
| CN113079964A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 武威市林业科学研究院 | Seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum |
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- 2022-08-26 CN CN202211035777.2A patent/CN115413552A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020063323A (en) * | 2001-01-27 | 2002-08-03 | 구례군 | A Breeding Method of Windflower Plug Seeding |
| CN101485260A (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2009-07-22 | 广西大学 | Perennial cultivation method for annual cotton |
| CN103069980A (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-05-01 | 凉山金叶废弃烟草集中销毁环保科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of dalmatian chrysan themum |
| CN113079964A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 武威市林业科学研究院 | Seedling raising and planting method of limonium aureum |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 杜美娥和袁丽伟: "《种子生产与管理》", 成都：电子科技大学出版社, pages: 102 - 106 * |
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