CN111213558A - Sweet potato virus-free planting method - Google Patents
Sweet potato virus-free planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111213558A CN111213558A CN202010136103.6A CN202010136103A CN111213558A CN 111213558 A CN111213558 A CN 111213558A CN 202010136103 A CN202010136103 A CN 202010136103A CN 111213558 A CN111213558 A CN 111213558A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sweet potato virus-free planting method, which realizes virus-free planting of sweet potatoes and improves black spot resistance of seedlings by accurately controlling the steps of seedling cultivation, land preparation and ridging, seedling transplanting, field management and harvesting in the sweet potato planting process. The survival rate of the transplanted sweet potato seedlings reaches 95 percent, the sweet potato seedlings grow rapidly, and the sweet potato virus-free planting method can improve the yield of sweet potatoes by 200-300 kilograms per mu. The sweet potato planting method can detoxify 100%, and avoids black spot of the sweet potatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato planting, in particular to a sweet potato virus-free planting method.
Background
The sweet potato also called sweet potato contains rich mucin, which can not only keep the lubrication in joint cavity, but also keep the elasticity of human cardiovascular wall, prevent atherosclerosis, reduce subcutaneous fat, prevent atrophy of connective tissue in liver and kidney, and improve the immunity of organism. Dehydroepiandrosterone unique to Ipomoea batatas can be used for preventing colon cancer and breast cancer.
The sweet potato is rich in nutrition, starch, sugar, protein, vitamin, cellulose and various amino acids, and is a very good nutritional food. The sweet potato has high starch content, the starch content in the common root tuber accounts for 15 to 26 percent of the fresh weight, and the starch content can reach 30 percent; the soluble saccharide accounts for about 3%. Each 100 g of fresh potato contains 29 g of sugar, 2.3 g of protein, 0.2 g of fat, 0.5 g of crude fiber and 0.9 g of inorganic salt (wherein calcium is 18 mg, phosphorus is 20mg and iron is 0.4 mg). In addition, the sweet potato has rich vitamin content, and each kilogram of fresh sweet potato contains 300 mg of vitamin c, 10.4 mg of vitamin b and 5 mg of nicotinic acid. The contents of vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 are 2 times of flour, vitamin E is 9.5 times of wheat, cellulose is 10 times of flour, and the contents of vitamin A and vitamin C are high.
The sweet potato planting process is always disturbed by black spot, so that a plurality of mechanisms specially used for studying sweet potato detoxification exist in China, but no ideal method is found up to now. The black spot is generally infected in the process of raising seedlings by using the seed potatoes, but absolute detoxification is difficult to achieve, the medication cost is high, the control is difficult, and drugs are easy to remain in the sweet potatoes. Sweet potato production is also low due to black spot. How to effectively detoxify in sweet potato planting and improve the quality and yield of sweet potatoes is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a sweet potato virus-free planting method. The seedlings are continuously and scientifically cultivated in the sweet potato seedling cultivation process, so that the sweet potato seedlings which grow rapidly and are resistant to diseases and insect pests are obtained, then the seedlings are transplanted in advance, the planting process is scientifically controlled, the sweet potatoes grow rapidly and are effectively detoxified, and the yield and the quality of the sweet potatoes are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a sweet potato virus-free planting method comprises the following planting steps:
s1. sweet potato seedling cultivation
Planting strong sweet potato seedlings in culture soil in a greenhouse for cultivation from 8 months to winter in the previous year, and taking well-growing lateral vines as sweet potato seedlings when the seedlings are cultivated to 3 months in the next year;
s2, integral ridging
Spraying organic fertilizer and calcium sulfate in the sweet potato planting field, applying 2000-3000Kg of organic fertilizer and 5-10Kg of calcium sulfate in each mu of planting field, and turning over and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 35-50cm, the ridge height is 20-30cm, and the ridge furrow width is 50 cm;
s3, transplanting seedlings
Transplanting sweet potato seedlings or lateral tendrils on the seedlings into a sweet potato planting field in the first ten days of 3 months, planting 2 rows in each ridge, planting the seedlings with the plant spacing of 35-40 cm into triangles, and transplanting 2500-3000 seedlings per mu; then covering with a thin film, compacting the periphery of the thin film by soil blocks, reserving air holes on the thin film above the seedlings, pulling out the thin film from the seedlings, and sealing the periphery with fine soil to prevent the thin film from being blown up by strong wind;
s4, field management
Watering after transplanting the seedlings to keep the soil moist;
planting for 35 days, pulling out dead seedlings and diseased seedlings, replanting strong seedlings and applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein 20-30Kg per mu;
pinching to promote branching when the seedlings grow to 15-20cm, and then adding 50-60Kg of compound fertilizer per mu;
when the main vine grows to 50-60cm, removing the undeveloped tender shoots, and when the branch grows to 50cm, cutting the top of the group;
spraying the leaf surface auxin regularly, wherein the spraying period is 10-15 days, and the spraying amount is 100-120 mg/Kg;
s5, harvesting
The sweet potato begins to break ridges and dig out in the last ten days of 9 months to the last 10 months, sundries and fibrous roots are removed after the dug sweet potato is aired for half a day, and the sweet potato is taken and lightly placed to prevent the skin of the sweet potato from being broken.
Specifically, the sweet potato seeds comprise sweet potatoes, purple potatoes or white potatoes.
Specifically, the culture soil in step S1 of the invention comprises red soil, shell powder, selenium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, indoleacetic acid, humic acid, magnesium sulfate and ferric sulfate.
Specifically, the culture soil comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
shell powder 3.5-6.5%
Selenium fertilizer 0.5-1.2%
2 to 5 percent of organic fertilizer
Indoleacetic acid 0.2-0.5%
1 to 2 percent of humic acid
Magnesium sulfate 0.5-1.5%
0.5 to 3.2 percent of ferric sulfate
The rest is red soil.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the foliar auxin in the step S4 of the invention is a mixture of paclobutrazol, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid in a weight ratio of 1:2-5: 3-7.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. the sweet potato seedlings are subjected to virus-free planting, so that the black spot resistance of the seedlings is improved, the survival rate of the transplanted sweet potato seedlings is up to 95%, and the seedlings grow rapidly;
2. the sweet potato virus-free planting method can improve the yield per mu of the sweet potatoes by 200-300 kilograms;
3. the sweet potato planting method can detoxify 100%, and avoids black spot of the sweet potatoes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of a sweet potato planted in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a sweet potato planted in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a sweet potato virus-free planting method.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the above objects, features and advantages more apparent and understandable.
Example 1
A sweet potato virus-free planting method comprises the following planting steps:
s1. sweet potato seedling cultivation
Taking strong sweet potato seedlings to be planted in culture soil in a greenhouse for cultivation from 8 months to winter in the previous year, taking side vines with good growth vigor as sweet potato seedlings when the seedlings are cultivated to 3 months in the next year, wherein the culture soil comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5% of shell powder, 1% of selenium fertilizer, 4% of organic fertilizer, 0.3% of indoleacetic acid, 1.5% of humic acid, 1% of magnesium sulfate, 2.5% of ferric sulfate and the balance of red soil; planting the germinated sweet potato seeds in a greenhouse of a seedling culture field, and conventionally planting for 30 days to obtain sweet potato seedlings;
s2, integral ridging
Spraying organic fertilizer and calcium sulfate in the sweet potato planting field, applying 3000Kg of organic fertilizer and 8Kg of calcium sulfate in each mu of planting field, and turning over and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 45cm, the ridge height is 25cm, and the ridge furrow width is 50 cm;
s3, transplanting seedlings
Transplanting sweet potato seedlings or lateral vines on the seedlings into a sweet potato planting field in the middle ten days of 3 months, planting 2 rows in each ridge with the plant distance of 40cm, planting the seedlings into triangles, and transplanting 2500 seedlings per mu; then covering with a thin film, compacting the periphery of the thin film by soil blocks, reserving air holes on the thin film above the seedlings, pulling out the thin film from the seedlings, and sealing the periphery with fine soil to prevent the thin film from being blown up by strong wind;
s4, field management
Watering after transplanting the seedlings to keep the soil moist;
planting for 35 days, pulling out dead seedlings and diseased seedlings, replanting strong seedlings and applying nitrogen fertilizer 30Kg per mu;
pinching when the seedlings grow to 20cm to promote branching, and then adding the compound fertilizer, wherein 60Kg of fertilizer is added per mu;
when the main vine grows to 60cm, removing the undeveloped tender shoots, and when the branches grow to 50cm, cutting the tops of the branches;
spraying the foliar growth hormone regularly, wherein the spraying period is 15 days, the spraying amount is 100mg/Kg, and the foliar growth hormone is prepared by mixing paclobutrazol, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid according to the weight ratio of 1:3: 5;
s5, harvesting
The ridge of the sweet potato is broken and planed out in the last ten days of 9 months, sundries and fibrous roots of the planed sweet potato are removed after the planed sweet potato is aired for half a day, and the planed sweet potato is taken lightly to prevent the skin of the sweet potato from being broken. The black spot of the sweet potatoes harvested by the method is not generated.
Meanwhile, comparison planting is carried out, and transplanting and field management which are the same as those in the embodiment 1 are carried out in comparison with conventional sweet potato seedlings purchased in the planting market in a sweet potato planting field. The planting mode of the embodiment 1 of the invention can lead the sweet potato yield per mu to be as high as 670-700Kg, and the conventional sweet potato seedlings purchased in the market are adopted for planting, the sweet potato yield per mu is 500Kg, and part of the harvested sweet potatoes have black spot, as shown in figure 2.
Example 2
A virus-free planting method for sweet potatoes comprises the following planting steps:
s1. sweet potato seedling cultivation
Taking strong sweet potato seedlings to be planted in culture soil in a greenhouse for cultivation from 8 months to winter in the previous year, taking side vines with good growth vigor as the sweet potato seedlings when the sweet potato seedlings are cultivated to 3 months early in the next year, wherein the culture soil comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 3.5% of shell powder, 0.5% of selenium fertilizer, 2% of organic fertilizer, 0.5% of indoleacetic acid, 2% of humic acid, 1.5% of magnesium sulfate, 3.2% of ferric sulfate and the balance of red soil; planting the germinated sweet potato seeds in a greenhouse of a seedling culture field; planting the germinated sweet potato seeds in a greenhouse of a seedling culture field, and conventionally planting for 30 days to obtain sweet potato seedlings;
s2, integral ridging
Spraying organic fertilizer and calcium sulfate in the sweet potato planting field, applying 2000Kg of organic fertilizer and 10Kg of calcium sulfate in each mu of planting field, and turning over and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 50cm, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge furrow width is 50 cm;
s3, transplanting seedlings
Transplanting sweet potato seedlings or lateral tendrils on the sweet potato seedlings into a sweet potato planting field in the first ten days of 3 months, planting 2 rows in each ridge with the plant spacing of 35 cm, planting the seedlings into triangles, and transplanting 3000 seedlings per mu; then covering with a thin film, compacting the periphery of the thin film by soil blocks, reserving air holes on the thin film above the seedlings, pulling out the thin film from the seedlings, and sealing the periphery with fine soil to prevent the thin film from being blown up by strong wind;
s4, field management
Watering after transplanting the seedlings to keep the soil moist;
planting for 35 days, pulling out dead seedlings and diseased seedlings, replanting strong seedlings and applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein 20Kg per mu is applied;
pinching when the seedlings grow to 15cm to promote branching, and then adding 50Kg of compound fertilizer per mu;
when the main vine grows to 50cm, removing the undeveloped tender shoots, and when the branches grow to 50cm, cutting the tops of the branches;
spraying the foliar growth hormone regularly, wherein the spraying period is 10 days, the spraying amount is 120mg/Kg, and the foliar growth hormone is formed by mixing paclobutrazol, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid according to the weight ratio of 1:5: 4;
s5, harvesting
The white potatoes begin to be dug out by breaking ridges in the ten-day 10 month later, sundries and fibrous roots are removed after the dug white potatoes are aired for half a day, and the white potatoes are lightly taken and lightly placed to prevent the skins of the white potatoes from being broken.
Meanwhile, the white potato is planted in a contrast way, and the adopted white potato seedlings are conventional seedlings purchased in the market. The yield per mu of the sweet potatoes in the example 2 is 170 Kg/mu higher than that of the comparative group.
Example 3
A purple sweet potato virus-free planting method comprises the following planting steps:
s1, purple sweet potato seedling cultivation
Taking strong purple sweet potato seedlings to be planted in culture soil in a greenhouse for cultivation from 8 months to winter in the previous year, and taking side vines with good growth vigor as purple sweet potato seedlings when the seedlings are cultivated to 3 months in the next year, wherein the culture soil comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 6.5% of shell powder, 1.2% of selenium fertilizer, 5% of organic fertilizer, 0.2% of indoleacetic acid, 1% of humic acid, 0.5% of magnesium sulfate, 0.5% of ferric sulfate and the balance of red soil; planting the germinated purple sweet potato seeds in a greenhouse of a seedling culture field, and conventionally planting for 25 days to obtain purple sweet potato seedlings;
s2, integral ridging
Spraying organic fertilizer and calcium sulfate in the purple sweet potato planting field, applying 2500Kg of organic fertilizer and 6Kg of calcium sulfate in each mu of planting field, and turning over and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 40cm, the ridge height is 25cm, and the ridge furrow width is 50 cm;
s3, transplanting seedlings
Transplanting the purple sweet potato seedlings or the lateral tendrils on the seedlings into a purple sweet potato planting field in the middle and upper ten days of 3 months, planting 2 rows in each ridge with the plant spacing of 40cm, planting the seedlings into triangles, and transplanting 25000 seedlings per mu; then covering with a thin film, compacting the periphery of the thin film by soil blocks, reserving air holes on the thin film above the seedlings, pulling out the thin film from the seedlings, and sealing the periphery with fine soil to prevent the thin film from being blown up by strong wind;
s4, field management
Watering after transplanting the seedlings to keep the soil moist;
planting for 35 days, pulling out dead seedlings and diseased seedlings, replanting strong seedlings and applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein 20Kg per mu is applied;
pinching when the seedlings grow to 15cm to promote branching, and then adding the compound fertilizer, wherein 55Kg of fertilizer is added per mu;
when the main vine grows to 55cm, removing the undeveloped tender shoots, and when the branches grow to 50cm, cutting the tops of the branches;
spraying the foliar growth hormone regularly, wherein the spraying period is 10 days, the spraying amount is 120mg/Kg, and the foliar growth hormone is formed by mixing paclobutrazol, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid according to the weight ratio of 1:2: 7;
s5, harvesting
The purple sweet potatoes begin to break ridges and dig out in the last ten days of 9 months to the last 10 months, sundries and fibrous roots are removed after the dug purple sweet potatoes are aired for half a day, and the purple sweet potatoes are lightly taken and lightly placed to prevent the skins of the purple sweet potatoes from being broken.
Meanwhile, the purple sweet potatoes are planted in a contrast mode, and the adopted purple sweet potato seedlings are conventional seedlings purchased in the market. The yield per mu of the purple sweet potatoes in the embodiment 3 is 200 Kg/mu higher than that of the comparative group.
The sweet potatoes planted in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention have high nutritive value, and the specific detection results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A sweet potato virus-free planting method is characterized by comprising the following planting steps:
s1. sweet potato seedling cultivation
Planting strong sweet potato seedlings in culture soil in a greenhouse for cultivation from 8 months to winter in the previous year, and taking well-growing lateral vines as sweet potato seedlings when the seedlings are cultivated to 3 months in the next year;
s2, integral ridging
Spraying organic fertilizer and calcium sulfate in the sweet potato planting field, applying 2000-3000Kg of organic fertilizer and 5-10Kg of calcium sulfate in each mu of planting field, and turning over and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 35-50cm, the ridge height is 20-30cm, and the ridge furrow width is 50 cm;
s3, transplanting seedlings
Transplanting sweet potato seedlings into a sweet potato planting field in the first ten days of 3 months, planting 2 rows in each ridge, planting the seedlings at a plant spacing of 35-40 cm into a triangle, and transplanting 2500-3000 seedlings per mu; then covering with a thin film, compacting the periphery of the thin film by soil blocks, reserving air holes on the thin film above the seedlings, pulling out the thin film from the seedlings, and sealing the periphery with fine soil to prevent the thin film from being blown up by strong wind;
s4, field management
Watering after transplanting the seedlings to keep the soil moist;
planting for 35 days, pulling out dead seedlings and diseased seedlings, replanting strong seedlings and applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein 20-30Kg per mu;
pinching to promote branching when the seedlings grow to 15-20cm, and then adding 50-60Kg of compound fertilizer per mu;
when the main vine grows to 50-60cm, removing the undeveloped tender shoots, and when the branch grows to 50cm, cutting the top of the group;
spraying the leaf surface auxin regularly, wherein the spraying period is 10-15 days, and the spraying amount is 100-120 mg/Kg;
s5, harvesting
The sweet potato begins to break ridges and dig out in the last ten days of 9 months to the last 10 months, sundries and fibrous roots are removed after the dug sweet potato is aired for half a day, and the sweet potato is taken and lightly placed to prevent the skin of the sweet potato from being broken.
2. The sweet potato virus-free planting method of claim 1, wherein the sweet potato seeds comprise sweet potatoes, purple potatoes or white potatoes.
3. The sweet potato virus-free planting method of claim 1, wherein the culture soil in the step S1 comprises red soil, shell powder, selenium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, indoleacetic acid, humic acid, magnesium sulfate and ferric sulfate.
4. The sweet potato virus-free planting method of claim 3, wherein the culture soil comprises the following raw materials by weight percent:
shell powder 3.5-6.5%
Selenium fertilizer 0.5-1.2%
2 to 5 percent of organic fertilizer
Indoleacetic acid 0.2-0.5%
1 to 2 percent of humic acid
Magnesium sulfate 0.5-1.5%
0.5 to 3.2 percent of ferric sulfate
The rest is red soil.
5. The sweet potato virus-free planting method of claim 1, wherein the foliar growth hormone in the step S4 is formed by mixing paclobutrazol, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid in a weight ratio of 1:2-5: 3-7.
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Application publication date: 20200602 |