CN104920051A - Method for protecting seedlings of sweet potatoes for vegetable use in winter greenhouse and marketing sweet potato seedlings in advance - Google Patents
Method for protecting seedlings of sweet potatoes for vegetable use in winter greenhouse and marketing sweet potato seedlings in advance Download PDFInfo
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- CN104920051A CN104920051A CN201510386801.0A CN201510386801A CN104920051A CN 104920051 A CN104920051 A CN 104920051A CN 201510386801 A CN201510386801 A CN 201510386801A CN 104920051 A CN104920051 A CN 104920051A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for protecting seedlings of sweet potatoes for vegetable use in a winter greenhouse and marketing sweet potato seedlings in advance. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) transplanting cut field matured seedlings into the greenhouse in the last ten days of October; 2) carrying out alive seedling period management on survived sweet potato seedlings in about 20 days after transplanting; 3) additionally covering the greenhouse with a vegetable shedding film in November and carrying out shed management on the sweet potato seedlings, and in the last ten days of March in the next year, picking the sweet potato seedlings in the greenhouse and marketing the sweet potato seedlings and reserving the sweet potato seedlings for field reproduction; and 4) in the middle ten days of April, transplanting the reserved seedlings in the greenhouse to the field, carrying out film covering management after transplanting, and picking and marketing the sweet potato seedling tips in the last ten days of May. The method provided by the invention can be used for effectively overcoming the phenomenon of seedling shortage caused by coldness and high humidity, the sweet potato seedlings can live through the winter and can be stored, and emerge quickly in the early spring to grab market share so as to obtain high benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vegetative propagation class vegetables to survive the winter store method, be specifically related to one and plant vegetables and to keep a full stand of seedings and the method for going on the market in advance with type sweet potato booth in winter.
Background technology
Sweet potato originates in the torrid areas of South America, is important grain, feed, the raw material of industry and the bio-energy crop in China of China, the seventh-largest cereal crops in the world.Dish type sweet potato refers to a kind of vegetables tailored version Sweetpotato using the tender tip of sweet potato or petiole etc. as Leaf-feeding insects, be rich in protein, dietary fiber, polyphenol, Flavonoid substances, carotin, multivitamin and mineral matter in edible part potato point, often edible can playing prevents constipation, improves immunity of organisms, prevents and treats the health-care efficacies such as disease of cardiovascular system.
In south China most area, potato point is one of vegetables often eaten summer and autumn, also greatly meets consumer in vegetables dull seasons for leaf vegetables demand.There is the tradition of edible potato point in Hubei, in Wuhan Area, Hubei, dish potato potato point can extend to late October from early April harvest time, in harvest time, the per mu yield of potato point can surpass 5 tons, along with month different market price is also different, the dull season of going on the market the 3-4 month owing to being in vegetable supply, potato point field wholesale price is 8-9 unit/jin, market price can reach 11-12 unit/jin, the 5-6 month goes on the market, potato point field wholesale price is 4-5 unit/jin, market price is at 6-7 unit/jin, 7, 8, 9, be in the busy season of market vegetable supply in summer October, potato point field wholesale price is about 2 yuan/jin, market price is at 3 yuan/jin (market investigating datas in 2013).As can be seen here, plant dish, with sweet potato, there is considerable economic benefit.Dish potato industry is not only consumer and provides nutritious potato point product, also greatly facilitates local economic development, remarkable economic and social benefits.
But due to dish with sweet potato to pluck young stem and leaf for product, not easily form block root, and potato seed little be difficult to preserve, if and Second Year is emerged slower, just be difficult to seize market, from correlation study data, more early market efficiency is larger in listing, therefore must set up seed field and keep a full stand of seedings and the technology of going on the market in advance in a set of independently dish sweet potato field.
If prior art Chinese food is not in place by survive the winter safeguard measure of keeping a full stand of seedings of sweet potato; what percent of loss was serious can reach 100%; the present invention can effectively overcome the phenomenon of being short of seedling caused due to cold high humility; reach potato seedling can to survive the winter preservation; emerge the beginning of spring soon, seize market thus the object of acquisition high benefit.Adopt the inventive method can ensure that dish sweet potato potato shoot survival percent reaches more than 70%, the land for growing field crops seedling on 8 mu of ground is can be used for after green house of vegetables beginning of spring of a 90m × 8m, do not need the booth for planting can supply potato point according to above-mentioned management method from late March, go on the market potato point price at about 11 yuan/jin at the beginning of the 3-4 month, the potato point of land for growing field crops breeding is at late May official listing, market price comparatively the 3-4 month low, at 6-7 unit/jin.
Potato seedling of the present invention is survived the winter method high efficiency of keeping a full stand of seedings, and technology is simple, is easy to promote.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to overcome in prior art that dish type potato seedling that is that cause is difficult to the problem of preserving of surviving the winter winter because cold high humidity subterranean water level in Central China winter is high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides one and planting vegetables and to keep a full stand of seedings and the method for going on the market in advance with type sweet potato booth in winter.
Dish type sweet potato booth in winter provided by the present invention is kept a full stand of seedings and the method for going on the market in advance, comprises the steps:
1) in late October, the clip dish field Lao Miao of type sweet potato, by old for the field of clip transplantation of seedlings in booth;
2) transplanting about 20 days, the potato seedling survived is lived seedling management;
3) after entering November, described booth adds a cover horticultural covering film, carry out the management of lid canopy to described potato seedling, to late March in next year, in harvesting booth, potato point goes on the market and retains potato seedling and breeds for land for growing field crops;
4) mid-April, by the transplantation of seedlings of booth internal memory to land for growing field crops, carry out transplanting the management of rear epiphragma, potato point is plucked listing by late May.
Above-mentioned dish type sweet potato booth in winter is kept a full stand of seedings and is applicable to the potato district, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River such as Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan of China with the method for going on the market in advance.
Said method step 1) in, the field Lao Miao of described dish type sweet potato is the field Lao Miao of always thick, the healthy and strong dish type sweet potato of the blade after potato point harvest time late October.
During clip, retain 5-6 joint, suffer internode clip.
During transplanting, the cuttage of 2-3 of described field Lao Miao joint is buried, and keeps seeding row spacing to be 20cm × (20cm-25cm).
After the Lao Miao cuttage of described field is buried, also need to carry out watering to keep ground moistening according to the moistening degree of soil.
Described booth is leeward steelframe booth that is that face south or that have building to block around.
The length of described steelframe booth is best at 90-100m, and width is best at 8-10m, highly preferably 6m.
Step 2) in, the concrete operations of described seedling management alive are: mend nitrogen fertilizer application to the potato seedling survived and strengthen intertill and clean tillage.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer specifically can be urea, and the applied amount of described urea is (10-15) kg/667m
2.
Step 3) in, the concrete operations of described lid canopy management are: morning, 8:00-9:00 opened the ventilation of canopy film, and afternoon, 4:00-5:00 closed horticultural covering film, and cooling weather then needs to close booth;
When temperature is lower than 10 DEG C, in canopy, increase Small plastic shed;
The beginning of spring in next year, temperature arrived more than 0 DEG C, removed Small plastic shed in canopy and retained horticultural covering film, add forced ventilation field management, and morning, 8:00-9:00 opened the ventilation of canopy film, and afternoon, 4:00-5:00 closed horticultural covering film, and cooling weather then needs to close booth.
The management of described lid canopy also can comprise: when in mid-March canopy, potato seedling recovers vigorous period, Nitrogen Top Dressing.
Step 4) in, described in be transplanted to land for growing field crops potato seedling need retain 5-6 joint, suffer internode clip.
During transplanting, the cuttage of 2-3 of described potato seedling joint is buried, and keeps seeding row spacing to be 20cm × (20cm-25cm).
Described transplanting is carried out before being selected in the rainy day, if long-term non-rainfall, and field irrigation horse race water (namely fill with and namely arrange).
Step 4) in, before by the transplantation of seedlings to land for growing field crops of booth internal memory, be also included in early April, the bedding of whole ground, land for growing field crops is applied fertilizer and makees base fertilizer.Wherein, according to the wide 1.5-2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment height 15-20cm, furrow width 40-50cm bedding.
After described transplanting, epiphragma management is: after 2-3 days seedlings alive, Small plastic shed is added a cover in field; Temperature is breathed freely higher than opening shed two ends when 28 DEG C, in case of shed is then closed and compacting by cooling; Mid-May can throw off Small plastic shed completely, and other management is with conventional field management way.
Said method is in step 1) before, also can comprise following operation: at late August clear garden dry field; After dish terminates (mid-October) with sweet potato campaign, in described booth, carry out the bedding of whole ground and apply base fertilizer, to create good soil plough horizon structure and surface state, for the transplanting of field Lao Miao and growth management provide good condition.Wherein, according to the wide 1.5-2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment height 15-20cm, furrow width 40-50cm bedding.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method; Reagent used in following embodiment, material etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
No. 18, the good fortune potato used in following embodiment does the common seed selection of institute by Fujian Academy and academy of agricultural sciences of Hubei Province grain.Uprightly, leaf its central band profile of tooth, top, Cheng Ye, vein, petiole and stem are green to this kind plant type short climing half.Stem apex is without fine hair, and after scalding, color is green, micro-sweet, savory, without bitter taste, has soapy feeling.Disease resistance is strong, and have eurytopicity, planting density is generally 10000-15000 strain.
No. 10, Hubei Province potato used in following embodiment is by the autonomous seed selection of cereal crops research institute of academy of agricultural sciences of Hubei Province, and this kind leaf look green, and top is heart-shaped, and top look green, and stem look green, and vein is green, and cauline leaf is smooth without fine hair.Germinating good, emerge neat, grown in field gesture is strong, output is high.The long spindle of potato shape, potato skin pale red, yellowish pink yellowish, after scalding, color is emerald green to green, savory, without bitter taste, has soapy feeling.Can in Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, the plantation of the area such as Guangdong, should not retransmit plot plantation in root rot, planting density is generally 10000-12000 strain.
Embodiment 1
Dish sweet potato variety selects good fortune potato 18, and test site is sweet potato experimental field, academy of agricultural sciences of Jiangxia District province, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, test period 2013, and the booth participating in test is 7, and wherein steelframe booth 5, bamboo frame booth 2, average each booth area is 720m
2.
Concrete implantation methods is as follows:
One, booth is chosen: select leeward face south steelframe booth 5 and bamboo frame booth 2 as the booth of definite value dish potato seedling.
Two, prepare before transplanting: Qing in August 1 garden dry field.October 10 wholely (booth in) apply 10kg/667m
2nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is as base fertilizer, and October 20, railway carriage or compartment height 20cm, furrow width 40cm did railway carriage or compartment, and soil block of being raked in face, railway carriage or compartment strikes carefully according to the wide 2m in railway carriage or compartment.
Three, transplant: started October 31 to transplant, the Lao Miao field planting of clip field, retains 5-6 joint, suffer internode clip, and bury 2-3 joint, and seeding row spacing 20cm*20cm, waters after cuttage, keeps ground moistening.
Four, to live seedling management: cuttage about 20 days potato seedlings are mended and executed urea 10kg/667m
2, after 30 days, carry out intertill and clean tillage.
Five, lid canopy management: November 1 epiphragma, morning 8:00-9:00 open canopy film ventilate, afternoon 4:00-5:00 close horticultural covering film, cooling weather close booth.On December about 1 increased Small plastic shed in canopy.
Six, in dismounting canopy on March 1 next year, Small plastic shed retains horticultural covering film, adds forced ventilation field management, and morning, 8:00-9:00 opened the ventilation of canopy film, and afternoon, 4:00-5:00 closed horticultural covering film, and cooling weather then needs to close booth.March 15 imposed urea 1 time.
5 steelframe booths can be plucked potato seedling March 25 and carry out market supply, and field procurement price is 9 yuan/jin by the end of March.In bamboo frame booth, potato seedling is used for field-transplanting, and 1 in 2 bamboo frame booths has some areas to occur couch canopy phenomenon in the winter time.
Seven: field-transplanting: March 20 completed land for growing field crops and does furrow (concrete operations are the same) wholely, and complete the field transplanting of field plant successively, seeding row spacing 20cm*20cm, 2 bamboo frame booths can meet the transplanting in 15 mu of fields substantially, field irrigation horse race water (row of filling) during transplanting, after 2-3 days seedlings alive, Small plastic shed is added a cover in field.Temperature is breathed freely higher than opening shed two ends when 28 DEG C, in case of cooling then needs shed to close and compacting.Mid-May can throw off Small plastic shed completely, late May dish sweet potato stem tip can official listing, conventional field management way is shown in other management.
Embodiment 2
Dish sweet potato variety selects No. 10, Hubei Province potato, and test site is sweet potato experimental field, academy of agricultural sciences of Jiangxia District province, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, test period 2013, and the steel valency booth participating in test is 1, and average each booth area is 720m
2.
Concrete implantation methods is as follows:
One, booth is chosen: select leeward face south steelframe booth 1 as the booth of definite value dish potato seedling.
Two, prepare before transplanting: Qing in August 1 garden dry field.October 10 wholely (steelframe booth in) apply 10kg/667m
2nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is as base fertilizer, and October 20, railway carriage or compartment height 20cm, furrow width 40cm did railway carriage or compartment, and soil block of being raked in face, railway carriage or compartment strikes carefully according to the wide 2m in railway carriage or compartment.
Three, transplant: started October 31 to transplant, the Lao Miao field planting of clip field, retains 5-6 joint, suffer internode clip, and bury 2-3 joint, and seeding row spacing 20cm*20cm, waters after cuttage, keeps ground moistening.
Four, to live seedling management: cuttage about 20 days potato seedlings are mended and executed urea 10kg/667m
2, after 30 days, carry out intertill and clean tillage.
Five, lid canopy management: November 1 epiphragma, morning 8:00-9:00 open canopy film ventilate, afternoon 4:00-5:00 close horticultural covering film, cooling weather close booth.On December about 1 increased Small plastic shed in canopy.
Six, in dismounting canopy on March 10 next year, Small plastic shed retains horticultural covering film, adds forced ventilation field management, and morning, 8:00-9:00 opened the ventilation of canopy film, and afternoon, 4:00-5:00 closed horticultural covering film, and cooling weather then needs to close booth.March 20 imposed urea 1 time.
Six, in dismounting canopy on March 1 next year, Small plastic shed retains horticultural covering film, adds forced ventilation field management, and morning, 8:00-9:00 opened the ventilation of canopy film, and afternoon, 4:00-5:00 closed horticultural covering film, and cooling weather then needs to close booth.March 15 imposed urea 1 time.Can pluck potato seedling March 25 and carry out market supply, field procurement price is 8 yuan/jin by the end of March.
In sum, dish of the present invention is kept a full stand of seedings with sweet potato booth in winter and can be made dish sweet potato overwintering survival rate in winter more than 70% with the method for going on the market in advance, under traditional approach, dish is survived the winter with sweet potato seedling and is lost in 90% and even reaches 100%, prior art makes the rapid rejuvenation after passing the winter of potato seedling, enter vigorous growth state, late March can go on the market supply, as needed land for growing field crops seedling, uses this technology can realize a 720m
2booth can be used for 8 mu of ground use seedling amount, realize dish to early go public with sweet potato, the land for growing field crops supply that prior art can make potato seedling reach to supplement with money in April, the booth being equivalent to 200 square meters can be used for answers 3 mu of ground, dish at late May official listing, can compare traditional listing in July marginal period of 2 months ahead of time, when the anxiety of plot with sweet potato, potato point can directly take off film listing in April, than traditional listing in July marginal period of 3 months ahead of time.The dish sweet potato variety of the how anti-high yield of any one high-quality can be adopted in addition in the embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one plant vegetables and to keep a full stand of seedings and the method for going on the market in advance with type sweet potato booth in winter, comprise the steps:
1) in late October, the clip dish field Lao Miao of type sweet potato, by old for the field of clip transplantation of seedlings in booth;
2) in transplanting after 20 days, the potato seedling survived is lived seedling management;
3) after entering November, described booth adds a cover horticultural covering film, carry out the management of lid canopy, late March to described potato seedling, in harvesting booth, potato point goes on the market and retains potato seedling and breeds for land for growing field crops;
4) mid-April, by the transplantation of seedlings of booth internal memory to land for growing field crops, carry out transplanting the management of rear epiphragma, potato point is plucked listing by late May.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) in, the field Lao Miao of described dish type sweet potato is the field Lao Miao of always thick, the healthy and strong dish type sweet potato of the blade after potato point harvest time late October;
During clip, retain 5-6 joint, suffer internode clip;
During transplanting, the cuttage of 2-3 of described field Lao Miao joint is buried, and keeps seeding row spacing to be 20cm × (20cm-25cm).
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described booth is leeward steelframe booth that is that face south or that have building to block around;
The long 90-100m of described steelframe booth, width 8-10m, height 6m.
4. the method according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: step 2) in, being operating as of described seedling management alive: nitrogen fertilizer application is mended to the potato seedling survived and strengthens intertill and clean tillage;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and the applied amount of described urea is (10-15) kg/667m
2.
5. the method according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: step 3) in, the concrete operations of described lid canopy management are: morning, 8:00-9:00 opened the ventilation of canopy film, and afternoon, 4:00-5:00 closed horticultural covering film, and cooling weather then needs to close booth;
When temperature is lower than 10 DEG C, in canopy, increase Small plastic shed;
The beginning of spring in next year, temperature arrived more than 0 DEG C, removed Small plastic shed in canopy and retained horticultural covering film, add forced ventilation field management, and morning, 8:00-9:00 opened the ventilation of canopy film, and afternoon, 4:00-5:00 closed horticultural covering film, and cooling weather then needs to close booth.
6. the method according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that: the management of described lid canopy also comprises: when in mid-March canopy, potato seedling recovers vigorous period, Nitrogen Top Dressing.
7. the method according to any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that: step 4) in, described in be transplanted to land for growing field crops potato seedling need retain 5-6 joint, suffer internode clip;
During transplanting, the cuttage of 2-3 of described potato seedling joint is buried, and keeps seeding row spacing to be 20cm × (20cm-25cm).
8. the method according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that: step 4) in, before by the transplantation of seedlings to land for growing field crops of booth internal memory, be also included in early April, the bedding of whole ground, land for growing field crops is applied fertilizer and makees base fertilizer.
9. the method according to any one of claim 1-8, is characterized in that: after described transplanting, epiphragma management is: after 2-3 days seedlings alive, Small plastic shed is added a cover in field;
Temperature is breathed freely higher than opening shed two ends when 28 DEG C, in case of shed is then closed and compacting by cooling;
Mid-May throws off Small plastic shed, and other management is with conventional field management way.
10. the method according to any one of claim 1-9, is characterized in that: said method is in step 1) before, also comprise following operation: at late August clear garden dry field; After dish to terminate with sweet potato campaign, in described booth, carry out the bedding of whole ground and apply base fertilizer;
Wherein, according to the wide 1.5-2m in railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment height 15-20cm, furrow width 40-50cm bedding.
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| CN112568080A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-30 | 河南科技大学 | Technical system for prolonging supply period of fresh potatoes in north |
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| CN112997830A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-22 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Sweet potato seedling method by leaving field |
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| CN106900346A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-06-30 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Food sweet potato gently simplifies potato root rattan method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106900346B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2019-12-10 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Edible sweet potato simple root vine seedling raising method |
| CN107455110A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-12-12 | 武汉金水绿源农业发展有限公司 | A kind of method that film of stem sweet potato used as leaf vegetable three is kept a full stand of seedings |
| CN107896884A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-13 | 昭平县全盛农业科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of ipomoea batatas seedling |
| CN110972863A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-10 | 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Method for breeding sweet potato seedlings for vegetables in winter greenhouse |
| CN111512805A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-11 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Winter seedling protection and propagation method for sweet potato seedlings |
| CN112568080A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-30 | 河南科技大学 | Technical system for prolonging supply period of fresh potatoes in north |
| CN113141998A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-07-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sweet potato germplasm resource preservation method |
| CN112715307A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-04-30 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Edible sweet potato one-year two-season horizontal tendril pressing planting method based on autumn seedling overwintering method |
| CN112997830A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-22 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Sweet potato seedling method by leaving field |
| CN113598001A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-05 | 资阳市尤特薯品开发有限公司 | Winter planting method for sweet potatoes in greenhouse |
| CN114391443A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-26 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Overwintering seedling-keeping breeding and efficient production method of sweet potatoes for northern facility leaves |
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