CN110063185A - Graft Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method - Google Patents
Graft Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110063185A CN110063185A CN201711055645.5A CN201711055645A CN110063185A CN 110063185 A CN110063185 A CN 110063185A CN 201711055645 A CN201711055645 A CN 201711055645A CN 110063185 A CN110063185 A CN 110063185A
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- exocarpium citri
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing methods, belong to plant graft technical field, method includes six aspects of selection and cultivation, the cultivation of grafting, stock and grafting core technology, the management of grafting, seedling stage fertilizer and water management, outplanting etc. of stock variety；This method can be grafted in any season, effectively save 50% or more labour cost, and the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree through this technology grafting increases by 20% -30% than tradition grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree, remarkable in economical benefits has large-scale plantation Exocarpium Citri Rubrum and promotes Demonstration Application effect well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing methods, and in particular to a kind of simple bud cuts standby side grafting cuttage stock grafting tangerine
Red Indian race seedling-growing method belongs to plant graft technical field.
Background technique
Abundant expectoration that Exocarpium Citri Rubrum can be used for treating cough due to wind-cold evil, larynx is itched, dyspepsia are got sick from drinking too much wine and the diseases such as evil of vomitting ruffian is bored, and medical value is high,
Medication history is long；" drugization justice " is recorded -- and Exocarpium Citri Rubrum, pungent energy row dissipating bind, specially main lung cold cough is more for " this is through meeting original " record Exocarpium Citri Rubrum
Phlegm, deficient side are mostly used it, and gas of so coughing long is let out, but it is non-preferably, " medical center bun will " description Exocarpium Citri Rubrum specially enters lung, and to deliver, peeling
Interior is white, and lighter empty floating also removes lung heresy ear.Modern study analysis shows, Exocarpium Citri Rubrum contains various active substance, and main includes Huang
Ketone compounds, volatile oil, coumarin kind compound and polysaccharide etc..Since the active constituent of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum is high, medical value is big, to it
Development and utilization development prospect it is good, and its plantation is the important ring concerning economic benefit, therefore, is studied the plantation of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum
Very it is necessary to.
It is the necessary condition of breeding using grafting because Exocarpium Citri Rubrum does not have seed.Grafting is related to the quality of fruit, to environment
Adaptability, be plantation key point.Traditional grafting method has bending pruning, simple bud to connect.Wherein bending pruning is that choosing is healthy and strong
The branch of the positive texturing Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand to have bloomed is peeled in branch base portion ring-type, is tightened with fertile soil plus the organic fertilizer ring packet place of cutting,
Director's new root is cut to ring and transplants breeding again, and this method is only suitable for the biggish fruit tree of the age of tree, and can damage bending pruning mother fruit tree, life
Long sizing is relatively slow, is easy to be blown by strong wind；It is to select the young shoot of fruit tree to be grafted, but traditional engrafting method is to stock that simple bud, which connects,
No specified in more detail is selected, causes variation big, is not able to maintain the merit of maternal plant, it is few to produce fruit, and the problems such as survival rate is poor.
Xu Xuerong et al. (2013, " tropical crops journal ") carried out Huajuhong stem apex gemmule graft technology research, with shaddock, lemon,
Hongjing Orange etc. makees stock, and Huajuhong makees scion, has studied HORMONE TREATMENT stock, scion sterilizing and culture medium prescription, rootstock seedling
Influence of the factors such as age to Huajuhong Shoot-tip Grafting survival rate, this research use gemmule graft technology, utilize different scion
Sterilizing with hormone treatment method reduces pollution rate, although survival rate has certain raising, but due to existing in grafting procedures
HORMONE TREATMENT, it is difficult to keep the excellent performance of maternal plant, producing fruit rate can not be guaranteed, and there is certain defects.
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is scientific from selecting stock, bud to connect, carrying out for three links of side grafting
, the grafting of system, be able to maintain the merit of maternal plant, kind shoot survival percent greatly improved, and by 8 years experimental applications,
Prove it is provided by the invention can graft Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method what in office in season and grafted, can effectively save labour cost 50% with
On, and the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree through this technology grafting increases by 20% -30% than tradition grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree, economic benefit is aobvious
It writes, the development of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum planting industry can be effectively pushed.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming deficiency in the prior art, a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, this method energy are provided
It is grafted in any season, effectively save 50% or more labour cost, and the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree through this technology grafting is than tradition
It grafts Exocarpium Citri Rubrum output of the fruit tree and increases by 20% -30%, remarkable in economical benefits can effectively push the development of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum planting industry.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection and cultivation of stock variety:
A. stock is selected:
The Rutaceae shatian pomelo that the full seed that stock is selected inside mature shatian pomelo is brought out is grown saplings；
B. the cultivation of rootstock seedling:
9 ~ October collects seed in shaddock fruit up to the normal mature phase, and fruit is splitted after fruit picking, takes out seed and cleans, spreads logical
The shady place of wind is dried in the air until kind of a skin whitens, and adds 1 ~ 5 ﹪ calcium superphosphate leachate to soak seed 12 ~ 36 hours with 1 ~ 10 ﹪ ammonium sulfate,
Then it is impregnated again with 0.1 ~ 0.5 ﹪ permanganic acid solution and carries out within 5 ~ 15 minutes seed disinfection, taking-up is rinsed 1 ~ 2 time with clear water, dried in the shade；
If used, by 1 part of seed and 2 parts of river sand mixed-stackings cool lee side indoors, moisturizing is covered with plastic foil or gunnysack above,
Periphery plastic film or dry gunnysack compress, and to prevent mouse evil, and running check, do not allow fine sand overdrying or overly moist；If do not stood
It sows, is hidden with river sand；
C. the sowing and management of rootstock seedling:
Using winter, kind of sowing in spring in production, sowing line-spacing is 20 ~ 25 centimetres；Select illumination sufficient before sowing, topography is flat, soil fertilizer
Fertile garden plot, soil pH value are 5.0 ~ 6.0, first flatten ground and are compacted, and sowing will uniformly, upper one layer of fine earth of cover after broadcasting,
Loseing seed is advisable, then covers one layer of straw and vacuate, when seedling grows 3 ~ 4 pieces of blades, just with+0.1 ﹪ potassium chloride of 0.2 ﹪ urea
Liquid top dressing, 7 ~ 10 days primary, and pays attention to loosening the soil in time, hoes up weeds and prevent and treat pest and disease damage；
(2) cultivation of grafting:
Connect the acquisition and processing of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum: acquisition kind is pure, disease-free, gets bumper crops high-quality, and healthy and strong breeding Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand is to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum,
Tree crown periphery middle and upper part is adopted, has the wooden bud eye of the branch of fruit harvest full, develops substantial branch；Cut to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud timely
Blade is cut off, petiole is only stayed；The Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud that connects adopted back hangs up label by 100 ~ 120 for 1 bundle, indicates variety name, and acquisition
Place, date are then placed in bag film and save, all summer and autumn graftings preferably with connecing, it is fresh to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud ability high survival rate；
Exocarpium Citri Rubrum has the area of yellow twig, and it is small that branch connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud 1 ~ 2 with 800 ~ 1200 times of liquid immersions of quadracycline before grafting
When, clear water is just grafted after cleaning twice, there is the effect of prevention yellow twig；The serious producing region of canker connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud with 50 ~ 100 grams
The streptomysin of 500 ~ 800 milliliters of proportion dries spare after soaking 40 ~ 80 minutes；
(3) stock and grafting core technology
A. before grafting, 10 centimetres of branches below of stock trunk are trimmed；When meeting day drought, first 1 ~ 2 day water that drench is grafted, allows stock
Sufficiently water suction, in favor of cutting anvil；Get out sharp grafting knife, secateurs, grinding stone knife, plastic film tape, film band length and width 1 ~ 1.2
Centimetre, it is 22 ~ 25 centimetres long；Grafting period be temperature stabilization is grafted in 20 ~ 29 DEG C, wherein Exocarpium Citri Rubrum grafting September to 10 below the moon
Ten days is best；
B. simple bud cuts grafting
It cuts and connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud, choose full strong autumn growth and connect；When cutting bud, left hand is taken and connects the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud right hand and hold grafting knife, connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum
Downwards, it is close to left index finger, base portion 1 ~ 2 not full bud is abandoned, since full bud, in bud in bastem portion outside smooth one
1 ~ 1.5 centimetre of knife of splaying forward in side afterwards turns over branch widest one and faces upward, under bud eye at 45 degree of angles inclined-plane now
0.2 ~ 0.4 centimeters of side are cut, and prune cortex forward；Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud side will be finally connect to turn, bud point is upward, 0.15 above bud eye ~
0.25 centimeters directly cut a knife, are cut disconnected；Moisturizing is spare in clear water basin, budders the time no more than 2 impregnated in water
Hour；
Cut brill wood, when stock it is dry crude up to 0.8 ~ 1 centimetre when, can be grafted；In stock, 5 ~ 10 centimetres of selections are smooth from the ground
Place is cut, and then in a knife of smoothly splaying on one side, bevel is in 30 ~ 45 degree of angles；Section downside position grafting knife is being cut along cortex
Partial application is indulged downwards with xylem intersection, and bevel slightly exposes white, and bevel will be put down, phozy, the long short-sighted length of buddering in section
Depending on, it is generally slightly shorter than bud；
It puts and budders, selection is in the same size with stock face, and length is suitable to budder, and is put into the cortex of stock incision；Make bud and anvil
If the wooden forming layer budder not of uniform size with stock section, must be directed at abutting with stock formation side buddering, put to just
The long bevel of buddering entered slightly reveals a little wound, and a referred to as line is white, while base portion of buddering will be inserted into stock notch bottom abutting；
Bundle film, budder put it is appropriate after, use 25 ~ 30 centimetres of belt length immediately, the binding of wide 1.5 ~ 2 centimetres of plastic film tape, wrapping
When, left hand takes 1 end ∕ 4(long of film band), first plastic film is enclosed around 1 ~ 2 to bastem portion with the thumb of two hands and index finger, then
It is covered and is buddered upwards with short one end, exposed bud eye with long side one end smoothly around a few and finally beat slip-knot；
C. simple bud side grafting method
Inspection after grafting work is completed 15 ~ 20 days is cut in simple bud and survives situation, is lost green if buddered and is in yellowish-brown, it will
Film releases, and sprouting is connect in the side of stock trunk, and the normal bud that position will be selected in stock sprouts leaf site, grafting cut face than
Simple bud cutting face is 3 ~ 5 millimeters small, and guarantee budders can absorb adequate nutrients again；If once taken over a job not successfully, it can mend and connect 1 ~ 2
Secondary, grafting time is long, cuts and budders same with simple bud cut phase, is whittled into logical head-germ, and cutting stock is that 5 ~ 10 centimeters are selected from the ground in stock
Smooth one side is selected, left index finger consolidates stock, and thumb pushes down knife spine, and depth just arrives forming layer, and slightly showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally is advisable, and bevel will be put down, light
It is sliding, it is phozy, the skin cut out is cut into 1 ∕, 2 ~ 1 ∕ 3, then buddering of having cut is put into notch, keeps the two section relatively tight
Patch, then tightened with film bundle, so that it is only exposed bud eye；
(4) management of grafting:
A. seedling management:
A. check and survive and connects with benefit: checking in spring in next year for autumn grafting survives situation, spring grafting 15 ~ 20 days after connecing
Inspection survives situation, i.e., budders what is sprouted in green, loses green if it find that buddering and is in yellowish-brown, by film solution
It removes, carries out side grafting method benefit with same kind in time and budder；
B. cut anvil unbinds: the young sprout after young sprout is aging of spring grafting is 25 ~ 30 centimetres long, releases film band, at the latest no more than
Before the autumn tip is sprouted；After first time, young sprout was aging, indulging standardized knife from top to bottom or from bottom to top with scraper keeps film band whole
Song Duan, the current year of grafting in late fall cannot unbind, and first cut off stock above graft union before sprouting to the next spring, then draw
Broken film band, promotes sprouting of buddering；
C. it removes and sprouts leaf: sprouting leaf to what normal bud (also known as bud) pumping above and below stock after grafting was sent out, to be reamed at any time with pocket knife from base portion, the spring
Season eliminated 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days, to promote sprouting of buddering；
D. shaping is done surely: when seedling grows to 20 ~ 25 centimetres, in 3 ~ 5 days, grafting trunk cutting back being taken out using first time
The branch of hair forms tree crown, must be done shaping surely at nursery；
E. pinching cutting back: after the spring, the tip was aging, by excessively high branch cutting back, the spring tip stays 10 ~ 15 centimetres of pinching or cutting back, and the tip to take out
After out, a upright and healthy and strong summer shoot of top is left behind, remaining excision also extracts in time if any bud, disappears to reduce nutrient
Consumption, inspires sprouting；
B. top or shaping are cut after Miao Shu grows tall: summer shoot after pinching is long to 20 ~ 23 centimetres, to the beginning of autumn before put autumn growth within 6 ~ 8 days, cut
Heights of roofs is 30 ~ 40 centimetres from the ground, and cutting after pushing up, which has the bud sporadicly sprouted on a small quantity to erase 1 ~ 2 time, promotes largely to sprout to 1 li
Meter Shi uniformly puts autumn growth, cuts 1 ~ 4 section, every section near after pushing up and stays 1 young shoot of the same size, remaining excision, the bud selected and remain point
Cloth uniformly will make seedling grow up to the plant of multi-branched；
5) seedling stage fertilizer and water management:
Grafting nursery lot wants frequent weeding, loosens the soil, reasonable irrigation fertilization；
(6) outplanting
Growing saplings in the stock selection, it is best with the shatian pomelo sapling that Guangxi Rong County is cultivated；
River sand in the cultivation of the rootstock seedling, it is agglomerating to be pinched with hand, it looses one's grip and scatters for standard；
Breeding Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand in preparation before the grafting, it is optimal with the pure lines fine individual plant by observation identification for many years；
The simple bud cuts in grafting and prunes cortex step, it is desirable that and bevel is flat, phozy, without xylem, just arrives forming layer,
Plane is in yellow-white (without blueness)；
Reasonable irrigation fertilization step in the seedling stage fertilizer and water management is applied based on decomposed night soil, being aided with 15 ~ 30 days thin
Fertilizer wherein 2 ~ August part should apply primary thin liquid dung per two weeks, or adds the leaching of 0.5 ﹪ -1 ﹪ urea to apply；
The outplanting, the standard that nursery stock must reach that is out of the garden is robust growth, and trunk is upright, and limb is thick, 50 lis of height of seedling
Rice or so has 3 or more the branches being evenly distributed, and leaf color is dark green, and kind is pure, and stock is excellent, and the healing of anvil Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud is good,
Seedling root is flourishing, and fibrous root is more, without quarantine disease pest, seriously endangers without disease pest.
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with the existing technology is:
The present invention provides a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing methods and other widely applied grafting general technologies very big difference,
Main beneficial effect has: (1) selection of stock and soil property is preferably trained since the produced shatian pomelo maturation seed in Guangxi Rong County
It educates, soil property must mix farm organic fertilizer and river sand, after growing up to sapling by the fertigation of a whole set of science, be dedicated as Exocarpium Citri Rubrum
Jia Jie Zhan wood；(2) the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud for being used as grafting will select autumn growth, cut choosing from the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum branch base portion third bud under picking, mark
Standard is full no insect pest；(3) after simple bud cuts grafting sapling 15 ~ 20 days, inspection survives situation, carries out to the seedling not survived
Zhan wood abdomen benefit connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud, connects benefit of the invention is that can be mended with repetitive operation, makes selected high-quality stock sufficiently sharp
With its value, greatly improve the survival rate of seedling；(4) seedling after grafting has a whole set of scientific system management method: including
Check to mend and connect that --- cut anvil unbundlings --- cut that fixed --- surely dry shaping --- pinching cutting back --- cuts top and stay bud, guarantee seedling except sprouting
It grows up strong and sturdy；(5) present invention can ensure that largely distributing attenuating limb during grafting seedling early growth in root, consolidating tree root.
It is at the middle part of branch as a result, limb is more, yield is bigger because of the characteristic of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum result.And popular bending pruning breeds method, belongs to
Single limb attenuating, low output, and be affected by weather, it is easy to be blown by typhoon；(6) positive effect generated.Pass through this
Invention cuts standby side grafting technology using simple bud and grafts seedling, and survival rate is numerous relative to widely used bending pruning at this stage 95% or more
Breeding station grafting only has the survival rate of 70%-80%, can significantly reduce seedling cost, lays solid foundation for increasing both production and income,
Remarkable in economical benefits has large-scale plantation Exocarpium Citri Rubrum and promotes Demonstration Application effect well.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and
It does not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection and cultivation of stock variety:
A. stock is selected:
The Rutaceae shatian pomelo that the full seed that stock is selected inside mature shatian pomelo is brought out is grown saplings；
B. the cultivation of rootstock seedling:
September part is collected seed in shaddock fruit up to the normal mature phase, and fruit is splitted after fruit picking, takes out seed and cleans, spreads and divulging information
Shady place, dry in the air until kind of a skin whitens, with 1 ﹪ ammonium sulfate add 1 ﹪ calcium superphosphate leachate soak seed 12 hours, then use again
0.1 ﹪ permanganic acid solution impregnates progress seed disinfection in 5 minutes, and taking-up is rinsed 1 time with clear water, dried in the shade；If used, by 1 part of kind
Son and 2 parts of river sand mixed-stackings cool lee side indoors cover moisturizing with plastic foil or gunnysack above, periphery plastic film or
Dry gunnysack compresses, and to prevent mouse evil, and running check, does not allow fine sand overdrying or overly moist；If do not sowed immediately, hidden with river sand；
C. the sowing and management of rootstock seedling:
Using winter, kind of sowing in spring in production, sowing line-spacing is 20 centimetres；Select illumination sufficient before sowing, topography is flat, fertile soil
Ground is first flattened and is compacted by garden plot, soil pH value 5.0, and sowing will uniformly, and upper one layer of fine earth of cover, loses seed after broadcasting
It is advisable, then covers one layer of straw and vacuate, when seedling grows 3 pieces of blades, just with+0.1 ﹪ potassium chloride liquid top dressing of 0.2 ﹪ urea, 7 days
Once, and pay attention to loosening the soil in time, hoe up weeds and prevent and treat pest and disease damage；
(2) cultivation of grafting:
Connect the acquisition and processing of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum: acquisition kind is pure, disease-free, gets bumper crops high-quality, and healthy and strong breeding Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand is to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum,
Tree crown periphery middle and upper part is adopted, has the wooden bud eye of the branch of fruit harvest full, develops substantial branch；Cut to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud timely
Blade is cut off, petiole is only stayed；The Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud that connects adopted back hangs up label by 100 for 1 bundle, indicates variety name and collecting location,
Date is then placed in bag film and saves, all summer and autumn graftings preferably with connecing, it is fresh to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud ability high survival rate；
Exocarpium Citri Rubrum has the area of yellow twig, and branch connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud 1 hour with 800 times of liquid immersions of quadracycline before grafting, clear water
It is just grafted after cleaning twice, there is the effect of prevention yellow twig；The serious producing region of canker connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud with 50 grams and matches 500 milliliters
Streptomysin leaching dry after forty minutes it is spare；
(3) stock and grafting core technology
A. before grafting, 10 centimetres of branches below of stock trunk are trimmed；When meeting day drought, the first 1 day water that drench is grafted, stock is allowed to fill
Divide water suction, in favor of cutting anvil；Get out sharp grafting knife, secateurs, grinding stone knife, plastic film tape, 1 centimetre of length and width of film band,
It is 22 centimetres long；Grafting period is that temperature stabilization is grafted in 20 DEG C, and wherein Exocarpium Citri Rubrum grafting is in late September；
B. simple bud cuts grafting
It cuts and connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud, choose full strong autumn growth and connect；When cutting bud, left hand is taken and connects the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud right hand and hold grafting knife, connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum
Downwards, it is close to left index finger, base portion 1 not full bud is abandoned, since full bud, in bud eye in bastem portion outside smooth one
1 centimetre of a lower section knife of splaying forward afterwards turns over branch widest one and faces upward, 0.2 li below bud eye at 45 degree of angles inclined-plane
It is cut at rice, prunes cortex forward；Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud side will finally be connect to turn, bud point is upward, and 0.15 centimeters directly cut one above bud eye
Knife is cut disconnected；Moisturizing is spare in clear water basin, time no more than 2 hours impregnated in water of buddering；
Cut brill wood, when stock it is dry crude up to 0.8 centimetre when, can be grafted；In stock, 5 centimetres of smooth places of selection are cut from the ground
Disconnected, then in a knife of smoothly splaying on one side, bevel is in 30 degree of angles；Section downside position grafting knife is being cut along cortex and xylem
Intersection indulges downwards partial application, and bevel slightly exposes white, and bevel will be put down, phozy, depending on the long short-sighted length of buddering in section, generally
It is slightly shorter than bud；
It puts and budders, selection is in the same size with stock face, and length is suitable to budder, and is put into the cortex of stock incision；Make bud and anvil
If the wooden forming layer budder not of uniform size with stock section, must be directed at abutting with stock formation side buddering, put to just
The long bevel of buddering entered slightly reveals a little wound, and a referred to as line is white, while base portion of buddering will be inserted into stock notch bottom abutting；
Bundle film, budder put it is appropriate after, use 25 centimetres of belt length immediately, the binding of wide 1.5 centimetres of plastic film tape is left when wrapping
Hand takes 1 end ∕ 4(long of film band), first plastic film is enclosed around 1 to bastem portion, then with short with the thumb of two hands and index finger
One end covers budder upwards, exposes bud eye with long side one end smoothly around a few and finally beats slip-knot；
C. simple bud side grafting method
Inspection after grafting work is completed 15 days is cut in simple bud and survives situation, is lost green if buddered and is in yellowish-brown, it will be thin
Film releases, and sprouting is connect in the side of stock trunk, and the normal bud that position will be selected in stock sprouts leaf site, and grafting cuts face than list
Bud cutting face is 3 millimeters small, and guarantee budders can absorb adequate nutrients again；If once taken over a job not successfully, it can mend and connect 1 time, graft
Time is long, cuts and budders same with simple bud cut phase, is whittled into logical head-germ, and cutting stock is that 5 centimeters select smooth one side from the ground in stock,
Left index finger consolidates stock, and thumb pushes down knife spine, and depth just arrives forming layer, and slightly showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally is advisable, and bevel will be put down, smooth, phozy, will
The skin cut out cuts 1 ∕ 2, and then buddering of having cut is put into notch, both makes that section is opposite to be close to, then with film bundle
It tightens, it is made only to expose bud eye；
(4) management of grafting:
A. seedling management:
A. check to survive and connect with benefit: checking in spring in next year for autumn grafting survives situation, and 15 days after connecing of spring grafting are examined
It looks into and survives situation, i.e., budder what is sprouted in green, lose green if it find that buddering and be in yellowish-brown, by film solution
It removes, carries out side grafting method benefit with same kind in time and budder；
B. cut anvil unbinds: the young sprout after young sprout is aging of spring grafting is 25 centimetres long, releases film band, at the latest no more than autumn
Before the tip is sprouted；After first time, young sprout was aging, indulging standardized knife from top to bottom or from bottom to top with scraper keeps film band all loose disconnected,
The current year of grafting in late fall cannot unbind, and first cut off stock above graft union before sprouting to the next spring, then scratch thin
Film strips promote sprouting of buddering；
C. it removes and sprouts leaf: sprouting leaf to what normal bud (also known as bud) pumping above and below stock after grafting was sent out, to be reamed at any time with pocket knife from base portion, the spring
Season eliminated 1 time every 7 days, to promote sprouting of buddering；
D. shaping is done surely: when seedling grows to 20 centimetres, in 3 days, by grafting trunk cutting back, point of hair is taken out using first time
Branch forms tree crown, must be done shaping surely at nursery；
E. pinching cutting back: after the spring, the tip was aging, by excessively high branch cutting back, the spring tip stays 10 centimetres of pinching or cutting back, and the tip to extract out
Afterwards, a upright and healthy and strong summer shoot of top is left behind, remaining excision is also extractd in time if any bud, to reduce nutrient consumption,
Inspire sprouting；
B. top or shaping are cut after Miao Shu grows tall: summer shoot after pinching is long to 20 centimetres, to the beginning of autumn before put autumn growth within 6 days, cut and rise
Degree is from the ground 30 centimetres, and cutting behind top has the bud sporadicly sprouted on a small quantity to erase 1 time when promoting largely to sprout to 1 centimetre, unified
Autumn growth to be put, 1 ~ 4 section, every section near after pushing up is cut and stays 1 young shoot of the same size, remaining excision, the bud distribution selected and remain wants uniform,
Seedling is set to grow up to the plant of multi-branched；
(5) seedling stage fertilizer and water management:
Grafting nursery lot wants frequent weeding, loosens the soil, reasonable irrigation fertilization；
(6) outplanting
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and determine herein
The General Principle of justice can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) selection and cultivation of stock variety
A. stock is selected:
The Rutaceae shatian pomelo that the full seed that stock is selected inside mature shatian pomelo is brought out is grown saplings；
B. the cultivation of rootstock seedling:
9 ~ October collects seed in shaddock fruit up to the normal mature phase, and fruit is splitted after fruit picking, takes out seed and cleans, spreads logical
The shady place of wind is dried in the air until kind of a skin whitens, and adds 1 ~ 5 ﹪ calcium superphosphate leachate to soak seed 12 ~ 36 hours with 1 ~ 10 ﹪ ammonium sulfate,
Then it is impregnated again with 0.1 ~ 0.5 ﹪ permanganic acid solution and carries out within 5 ~ 15 minutes seed disinfection, taking-up is rinsed 1 ~ 2 time with clear water, is dried in the shade,
It is spare；
C. the sowing and management of rootstock seedling:
Using winter, kind of sowing in spring in production, sowing line-spacing is 20 ~ 25 centimetres；Select illumination sufficient before sowing, topography is flat, soil fertilizer
Fertile garden plot, soil pH value are 5.0 ~ 6.0, first flatten ground and are compacted, and sowing will uniformly, upper one layer of fine earth of cover after broadcasting,
One layer of straw is covered again, when seedling grows 3 ~ 4 pieces of blades, just with+0.1 ﹪ potassium chloride liquid top dressing of 0.2 ﹪ urea, 7 ~ 10 days one
It is secondary, and pay attention to loosening the soil in time, hoe up weeds and prevent and treat pest and disease damage；
(2) cultivation of grafting
Connect the acquisition and processing of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum: acquisition kind is pure, disease-free, gets bumper crops high-quality, and healthy and strong breeding Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand is to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum,
Tree crown periphery middle and upper part is adopted, has the wooden bud eye of the branch of fruit harvest full, develops substantial branch；Cut to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud timely
Blade is cut off, petiole is only stayed；The Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud that connects adopted back hangs up label by 100 ~ 120 for 1 bundle, indicates variety name, and acquisition
Place, date are then placed in bag film and save, summer and autumn grafting with connecing, it is fresh to connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud ability high survival rate；
(3) stock and grafting core technology
A. before grafting, 10 centimetres of branches below of stock trunk are trimmed；When meeting day drought, first 1 ~ 2 day water that drench is grafted, allows stock
Sufficiently water suction, in favor of cutting anvil；Get out sharp grafting knife, secateurs, grinding stone knife, plastic film tape, film band length and width 1 ~ 1.2
Centimetre, it is 22 ~ 25 centimetres long；Grafting period is that temperature is stablized in 20 ~ 29 DEG C of graftings；
B. simple bud cuts grafting
It cuts and connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud, choose full strong autumn growth and connect；When cutting bud, left hand is taken and connects the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud right hand and hold grafting knife, connects Exocarpium Citri Rubrum
Downwards, it is close to left index finger, base portion 1 ~ 2 not full bud is abandoned, since full bud, in bud in bastem portion outside smooth one
1 ~ 1.5 centimetre of knife of splaying forward in side afterwards turns over branch widest one and faces upward, under bud eye at 45 degree of angles inclined-plane now
0.2 ~ 0.4 centimeters of side are cut, and prune cortex forward；Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud side will be finally connect to turn, bud point is upward, 0.15 above bud eye ~
0.25 centimeters directly cut a knife, are cut disconnected；Moisturizing is spare in clear water basin, budders the time no more than 2 impregnated in water
Hour；
Cut brill wood, when stock it is dry crude up to 0.8 ~ 1 centimetre when, can be grafted；In stock, 5 ~ 10 centimetres of selections are smooth from the ground
Place is cut, and then in a knife of smoothly splaying on one side, bevel is in 30 ~ 45 degree of angles；Section downside position grafting knife is being cut along cortex
Partial application is indulged downwards with xylem intersection, and bevel slightly exposes white, and bevel will be put down, phozy, the long short-sighted length of buddering in section
Depending on, it is generally slightly shorter than bud；
It puts and budders, selection is in the same size with stock face, and length is suitable to budder, and is put into the cortex of stock incision；Make bud and anvil
If the wooden forming layer budder not of uniform size with stock section, must be directed at abutting with stock formation side buddering, put to just
The long bevel of buddering entered slightly reveals a little wound, and a referred to as line is white, while base portion of buddering will be inserted into stock notch bottom abutting；
Bundle film, budder put it is appropriate after, use 25 ~ 30 centimetres of belt length immediately, the binding of wide 1.5 ~ 2 centimetres of plastic film tape, wrapping
When, left hand takes 1 end ∕ 4(long of film band), first plastic film is enclosed around 1 ~ 2 to bastem portion with the thumb of two hands and index finger, then
It is covered and is buddered upwards with short one end, exposed bud eye with long side one end smoothly around a few and finally beat slip-knot；
C. simple bud side grafting method
Inspection after grafting work is completed 15 ~ 20 days is cut in simple bud and survives situation, is lost green if buddered and is in yellowish-brown, it will
Film releases, and sprouting is connect in the side of stock trunk, and the normal bud that position will be selected in stock sprouts leaf site, grafting cut face than
Simple bud cutting face is 3 ~ 5 millimeters small, and guarantee budders can absorb adequate nutrients again；If once taken over a job not successfully, it can mend and connect 1 ~ 2
Secondary, grafting time is long, cuts and budders same with simple bud cut phase, is whittled into logical head-germ, and cutting stock is that 5 ~ 10 centimeters are selected from the ground in stock
Smooth one side is selected, left index finger consolidates stock, and thumb pushes down knife spine, and depth just arrives forming layer, and slightly showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally is advisable, and bevel will be put down, light
It is sliding, it is phozy, the skin cut out is cut into 1 ∕, 2 ~ 1 ∕ 3, then buddering of having cut is put into notch, keeps the two section relatively tight
Patch, then tightened with film bundle, so that it is only exposed bud eye；
The management of grafting
A. seedling management:
A. check and survive and connects with benefit: checking in spring in next year for autumn grafting survives situation, spring grafting 15 ~ 20 days after connecing
Inspection survives situation, budder do not sprout in time with same kind carry out side grafting method benefit budder；
B. cut anvil unbinds: the young sprout after young sprout is aging of spring grafting is 25 ~ 30 centimetres long, releases film band；When first time young sprout
After aging, indulging standardized knife from top to bottom or from bottom to top with scraper keeps film band all loose disconnected, and the current year of grafting in late fall cannot solve
It ties up, first cuts off stock above graft union before sprouting to the next spring, then scratch film band, promote sprouting of buddering；
C. except sprouting leaf: sprout leaf to what normal bud above and below stock after grafting took out hair, to be reamed at any time with pocket knife from base portion, spring every 7 ~
It eliminates within 10 days 1 time, to promote sprouting of buddering；
D. shaping is done surely: when seedling grows to 20 ~ 25 centimetres, in 3 ~ 5 days, grafting trunk cutting back being taken out using first time
The branch of hair forms tree crown, must be done shaping surely at nursery；
E. pinching cutting back: after the spring, the tip was aging, by excessively high branch cutting back, the spring tip stays 10 ~ 15 centimetres of pinching or cutting back, and the tip to take out
After out, a upright and healthy and strong summer shoot of top is left behind, remaining excision also extracts in time if any bud, disappears to reduce nutrient
Consumption, inspires sprouting；
B. top or shaping are cut after Miao Shu grows tall: summer shoot after pinching is long to 20 ~ 23 centimetres, to the beginning of autumn before put autumn growth within 6 ~ 8 days, cut
Heights of roofs is 30 ~ 40 centimetres from the ground, and cutting after pushing up, which has the bud sporadicly sprouted on a small quantity to erase 1 ~ 2 time, promotes largely to sprout to 1 li
Meter Shi uniformly puts autumn growth, cuts 1 ~ 4 section, every section near after pushing up and stays 1 young shoot of the same size, remaining excision, the bud selected and remain point
Cloth uniformly will make seedling grow up to the plant of multi-branched；
(5) seedling stage fertilizer and water management
Grafting nursery lot wants frequent weeding, loosens the soil, reasonable irrigation fertilization；
(6) outplanting.
2. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: seed described in step (1) is
It carves and uses, by 1 part of seed and 2 parts of river sand mixed-stackings cool lee side indoors, cover moisturizing, periphery with plastic foil or gunnysack above
It is compressed with plastic film or dry gunnysack, to prevent mouse evil, and running check, does not allow fine sand overdrying or overly moist；The seed is not
It sows, is hidden with river sand immediately.
3. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Exocarpium Citri Rubrum has yellow twig
Area, branch connect Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud 1 ~ 2 hour with quadracycline 800 ~ 1200 times of liquid immersion before grafting, clear water clean twice after
Grafting has the effect of prevention yellow twig；The serious producing region of canker connects the chain that Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud matches 500 ~ 800 milliliters with 50 ~ 100 grams
Mycin dries spare after soaking 40 ~ 80 minutes.
4. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the stock, which is selected, cultivates tree
Seedling, it is best with the shatian pomelo sapling that Guangxi Rong County is cultivated.
5. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cultivation of the rootstock seedling is used
River sand, it is i.e. agglomerating to be pinched with hand, loose one's grip and scatter for standard.
6. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: what is prepared before the grafting is good
Kind Exocarpium Citri Rubrum elite stand, it is optimal with the pure lines fine individual plant by observation identification for many years.
7. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the simple bud cuts in grafting
Prune cortex step, it is desirable that bevel is flat, phozy, without xylem, just arrives forming layer, plane is in yellow-white.
8. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the seedling stage fertilizer and water management
Reasonable irrigation fertilization step, applied based on decomposed night soil with 15 ~ 30 days thin, be aided with chemical fertilizer, wherein 2 ~ August part should per two weeks
Primary thin liquid dung is applied, or the leaching of 0.5 ﹪ -1 ﹪ urea is added to apply.
9. a kind of grafting Exocarpium Citri Rubrum kind seedling-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the outplanting is out of the garden
The standard that nursery stock must reach is robust growth, and trunk is upright, and limb is thick, 50 centimetres of height of seedling or so, has 3 or more distributions equal
Even branch, leaf color is dark green, and kind is pure, and stock is excellent, and the healing of anvil Exocarpium Citri Rubrum bud is good, and seedling root is flourishing, and fibrous root is more, without
Quarantine disease pest is seriously endangered without disease pest.
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| CN110583270A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2019-12-20 | 四川农业大学 | Rapid garden building method for grafting after citrus stock saplings are planted |
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| CN110583270A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2019-12-20 | 四川农业大学 | Rapid garden building method for grafting after citrus stock saplings are planted |
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