CN112602545A - Method for improving soil microorganisms of macadamia root system - Google Patents
Method for improving soil microorganisms of macadamia root system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut root systems, which comprises the following steps: (1) interplanting soybeans; (2) carrying out multiple rape planting; (3) strengthening field management; 4-5 months per year, soybeans are interplanted, 9-10 months per year, rape is replanted, and a microbial proliferation agent is properly sprayed, so that the microbial diversity of the soil can be obviously improved, and the soil quality can be improved; in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans, plant ash is added for topdressing, and in the bud bolting period of rape, decomposed chicken manure is added for topdressing, so that the microbial diversity of soil can be obviously improved, and the soil quality is improved; the microbial proliferation agent contains glucose, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and water-soluble starch, so that the diversity of soil microorganisms is further improved, and the soil quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots.
Background
The macadamia nut is also named as Kunzea chestnut, macadamia walnut, macadamia nut and Kunzea fruit, and is a tree nut native to Australia. Macadamia belongs to evergreen arbor, dicotyledon. The tree crown is tall and big, 3-4 leaves are in rotation, and the tree crown is needle-shaped, is leather, is smooth and has thorn-shaped sawteeth on the edge. Raceme axillary, flower beige, spherical fruit, pericarp, hard endocarp, and kernel beige to light brown. Is suitable for growing in mild, humid and wind-driven areas. Among the numerous dried fruits in the world, macadamia nut is the most economically valuable, enjoying the reputation of "king of dried fruit". Macadamia nut is rich in nutrition (milk white), its epicarp is green, its endocarp is hard and brown, its single fruit weight is 15-16 g, oil content is about 70%, protein is 9%, and contains 17 amino acids including 8 amino acids necessary for human body, and also contains mineral substances and vitamins. The macadamia nut is crisp, tender and delicious, has unique cream fragrance, is an edible fruit with the best quality in the world, has the beauty of 'dried fruit queen' and 'world nut king', and has far better flavor and mouthfeel than cashew nuts. Macadamia nut can be used for making dried fruits, cakes, chocolates, edible oil, cosmetics and the like. In addition, macadamia nut also has high nutritional value and medicinal value.
The nutrient requirement of the macadimia nuts is very high, a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers are usually needed to improve the yield of the macadimia nuts and reduce diseases, and partial fertilizers are lost while the yield of the macadimia nuts is improved, so that the environment is polluted; not only causes the waste of a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus resources, but also causes the problems of high nutrition of water bodies, soil hardening and the like. The problems of soil hardening and the like can cause single soil microbial flora, and the single microbial flora can cause the soil fertility to be reduced, thereby causing the output reduction of the macadimia nuts; how to increase the total amount of the soil microorganisms of the root system of the macadimia nuts becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving soil microorganisms of the root system of macadimia nuts, which can effectively improve soil quality and reduce environmental pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: adding 150-200 kg/mu of sawdust as a base fertilizer into a macadamia nut planting field 4-5 months per year, spraying 250-280 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent, and then planting soybeans; adding 180-200 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 5-7 kg of glucose, 20-25 g of bacillus cereus with 200 hundred million spores per gram, 100-120 g of bacillus subtilis with 20 hundred million spores per gram, 3-5 kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: replanting rape 9-10 months per year, adding 120-150 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing during the budding and bolting period of rape; spraying 100-120 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering and fertilizing at proper time, and additionally applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
Further, the sowing amount of the soybeans in the step (1) is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (1), every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6kg of glucose, 22g of 200 hundred million spores per gram of bacillus cereus, 110g of 20 hundred million spores per gram of bacillus subtilis, 4kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water.
Further, 150-170 kg/mu of biogas slurry is added for topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of the soybeans in the step (1).
Further, the seeding amount of the rape in the step (2) is 0.35-0.45 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (2), the rape is replanted for 9-10 months per year, and 140 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure is added for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; and (3) spraying 110 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape.
Furthermore, in the step (3), water is poured once every 12-15 days to maintain sufficient soil moisture in the macadimia nut planting.
Further, 50-70 g of phosphate fertilizer and 35-40 g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the macadimia nut trees in the flower bud differentiation stage of the soybeans in the step (3); and applying 40-50 g of phosphate fertilizer and 45-50 g of potassium fertilizer per Australian nut tree in the budding and bolting period of the rape.
Further, 60 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer and 37 g/plant of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the macadamia nut tree in the flower bud differentiation stage of the soybeans in the step (3); 45 g of phosphate fertilizer and 47 g of potassium fertilizer are applied to the Australia nut trees at the budding and bolting period of the rapes.
Further, the phosphate fertilizer in the step (3) is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is a kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for improving the soil microorganisms of the root systems of the macadimia nuts, soybeans are interplanted for 4-5 months every year, 9-10 months every year, rape is replanted, and a microorganism proliferation agent is properly sprayed, so that the diversity of the soil microorganisms can be obviously improved, and the soil quality can be improved; the microbial proliferation agent contains glucose, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and water-soluble starch, so that the diversity of soil microorganisms is further improved, and the soil quality is improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: adding 150 kg/mu of wood chips as base fertilizer into the macadimia nut planting field 4-5 months per year, simultaneously spraying 250 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent, and then planting soybeans; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 2.5 kg/mu; adding 180 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; adding 150 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 5kg of glucose, 20g of 200 hundred million spores per gram of bacillus cereus, 100g of 20 hundred million spores per gram of bacillus subtilis, 3kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, and the sowing quantity of the rape is 0.35 kg/mu; adding 120 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 100 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; applying 50 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer and 35 g/plant of potassium fertilizer to the macadamia nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; applying 40 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer and 45 g/plant of potassium fertilizer to the Australian nut trees in the budding and bolting period of the rapes; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Example 2
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: adding 200 kg/mu of sawdust as a base fertilizer into a macadamia nut planting field 4-5 months per year, spraying 280 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent, and then planting soybeans; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 3.5 kg/mu; adding 200 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans, adding 170 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 7kg of glucose, 25g of 200 hundred million spores/g of bacillus cereus, 120g of 20 hundred million spores/g of bacillus subtilis, 5kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, and the sowing quantity of the rape is 0.45 kg/mu; adding 150 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 120 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 70 g of phosphate fertilizer and 40 g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australia nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 50 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer and 50 g/plant of potassium fertilizer to the Australian nut trees in the budding and bolting period of the rapes; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Example 3
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: 4-5 months per year, adding 180 kg/mu of sawdust into a macadamia nut planting field as a base fertilizer, spraying 260 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent at the same time, and then planting soybeans; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 3 kg/mu; adding 190 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; adding 165 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6kg of glucose, 22g of bacillus cereus with 200 hundred million spores per gram, 110g of bacillus subtilis with 20 hundred million spores per gram, 4kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, and the sowing quantity of the rape is 0.4 kg/mu; adding 140 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 110 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 60 g of phosphate fertilizer and 37 g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australia nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 45 g of phosphate fertilizer and 47 g of potassium fertilizer to Australia nut trees at the budding and bolting period of rape; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Example 4
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: 185 kg/mu of sawdust is added into the macadamia nut planting field for serving as base fertilizer 4-5 months per year, and meanwhile, 265 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent is sprayed, and then soybeans are planted; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 3.2 kg/mu; adding 195 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; adding 165 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6.5kg of glucose, 23.5g of bacillus cereus with 200 hundred million spores per gram, 115g of bacillus subtilis with 20 hundred million spores per gram, 4.5kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, the seeding quantity of the rape is 0.38 kg/mu; adding 135 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 115 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 65 g of phosphate fertilizer and 38.5g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australian nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 43.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and 48.5 g of potash fertilizer per Australia nut tree in the budding and bolting period of rape; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying a microbial proliferation agent: 185 kg/mu of wood chips are added into the macadimia nut planting field for serving as base fertilizer and 265 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent is sprayed at the same time 4-5 months per year;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6.5kg of glucose, 23.5g of bacillus cereus with 200 hundred million spores per gram, 115g of bacillus subtilis with 20 hundred million spores per gram, 4.5kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, the seeding quantity of the rape is 0.38 kg/mu; adding 135 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 115 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 65 g of phosphate fertilizer and 38.5g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australian nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 43.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and 48.5 g of potash fertilizer per Australia nut tree in the budding and bolting period of rape; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: 185 kg/mu of sawdust is added into the macadamia nut planting field for serving as base fertilizer 4-5 months per year, and meanwhile, 265 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent is sprayed, and then soybeans are planted; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 3.2 kg/mu; adding 195 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; adding 165 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6.5kg of glucose, 23.5g of bacillus cereus with 200 hundred million spores per gram, 115g of bacillus subtilis with 20 hundred million spores per gram, 4.5kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) spraying a microbial proliferation agent: spraying 115 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape 12-1 month every year;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 65 g of phosphate fertilizer and 38.5g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australian nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 43.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and 48.5 g of potash fertilizer per Australia nut tree in the budding and bolting period of rape; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: 185 kg/mu of sawdust is added into the macadamia nut planting field for serving as base fertilizer 4-5 months per year, and meanwhile, 265 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent is sprayed, and then soybeans are planted; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 3.2 kg/mu; adding a potassium fertilizer of 195 kg/mu for additional fertilization in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; adding 165 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6.5kg of glucose, 23.5g of bacillus cereus with 200 hundred million spores per gram, 115g of bacillus subtilis with 20 hundred million spores per gram, 4.5kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, the seeding quantity of the rape is 0.38 kg/mu; adding 135 kg/mu of decomposed pig manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 115 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 65 g of phosphate fertilizer and 38.5g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australian nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 43.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and 48.5 g of potash fertilizer per Australia nut tree in the budding and bolting period of rape; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: 185 kg/mu of sawdust is added into the macadamia nut planting field for serving as base fertilizer 4-5 months per year, and meanwhile, 265 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent is sprayed, and then soybeans are planted; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 3.2 kg/mu; adding 195 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; adding 165 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6.5kg of glucose, 23.5g of bacillus cereus with 200 hundred million spores per gram, 115g of bacillus subtilis with 20 hundred million spores per gram, 4.5kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, the seeding quantity of the rape is 0.38 kg/mu; adding 135 kg/mu of decomposed pig manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 115 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 65 g of phosphate fertilizer and 38.5g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australian nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 43.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and 48.5 g of potash fertilizer per Australia nut tree in the budding and bolting period of rape; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Comparative example 5
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: 185 kg/mu of sawdust is added into the macadamia nut planting field for serving as base fertilizer 4-5 months per year, and meanwhile, 265 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent is sprayed, and then soybeans are planted; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 3.2 kg/mu; adding 195 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; adding 165 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6.5kg of glucose, 23.5g of EM (effective microorganism) raw powder of 50 hundred million spores/gram, 115g of bacillus subtilis of 20 hundred million spores/gram, 4.5kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, the seeding quantity of the rape is 0.38 kg/mu; adding 135 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 115 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 65 g of phosphate fertilizer and 38.5g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australian nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 43.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and 48.5 g of potash fertilizer per Australia nut tree in the budding and bolting period of rape; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Comparative example 6
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: 185 kg/mu of sawdust is added into the macadamia nut planting field for serving as base fertilizer 4-5 months per year, and meanwhile, 265 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent is sprayed, and then soybeans are planted; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 3.2 kg/mu; adding 195 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; adding 165 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6.5kg of glucose, 23.5g of bacillus cereus with 200 hundred million spores per gram, 115g of EM (effective microorganism) raw powder with 50 hundred million spores per gram, 4.5kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, the seeding quantity of the rape is 0.38 kg/mu; adding 135 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 115 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 65 g of phosphate fertilizer and 38.5g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australian nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 43.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and 48.5 g of potash fertilizer per Australia nut tree in the budding and bolting period of rape; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
Comparative example 7
A method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots comprises the following steps:
(1) interplanting: 185 kg/mu of sawdust is added into the macadamia nut planting field for serving as base fertilizer 4-5 months per year, and meanwhile, 265 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent is sprayed, and then soybeans are planted; the sowing amount of the soybeans is 3.2 kg/mu; adding 195 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; adding 165 kg/mu biogas slurry topdressing in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 6.5kg of glucose, 138.5g of EM (effective microorganism) raw powder of 50 hundred million spores/gram, 4.5kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: the rape is replanted every 9-10 months, the seeding quantity of the rape is 0.38 kg/mu; adding 135 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing in the budding and bolting period of the rape; spraying 115 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering the macadimia nuts every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient; 65 g of phosphate fertilizer and 38.5g of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied to the Australian nut tree in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans; applying 43.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and 48.5 g of potash fertilizer per Australia nut tree in the budding and bolting period of rape; the phosphate fertilizer is water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
The contents of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were measured, and the measurement method is referred to as a method for measuring the biomass of soil microorganisms and its application, which is described in Beijing: weather publisher, 2006.6; the detection results are shown in tables 1 to 3;
TABLE 1 soil bacteria number 104Soil per g
| Month 5 | 6 month | 7 month | 8 month | 9 month | 10 month | |
| Control | 515.15±76.02 | 623.14±42.09 | 702.76±23.84 | 812.57±33.21 | 914.09±33.25 | 709.14±45.09 |
| Example 1 | 743.56±65.32 | 822.47±51.22 | 932.81±42.31 | 1023.87±55.08 | 1124.53±101.02 | 998.05±36.78 |
| Example 2 | 731.47±55.67 | 879.58±49.08 | 967.09±45.91 | 1088.93±89.31 | 1189.36±89.72 | 967.73±45.66 |
| Example 3 | 812.32±66.91 | 845.67±49.09 | 988.94±50.02 | 1054.39±48.06 | 1176.34±97.61 | 1087.09±77.55 |
| Example 4 | 832.67±70.08 | 855.74±45.07 | 1023.44±68.52 | 1079.59±49.97 | 1237.48±97.09 | 1109.98±60.98 |
| Comparative example 1 | 587.79±55.67 | 668.53±37.88 | 787.92±33.45 | 899.08±40.62 | 987.52±33.25 | 814.23±35.27 |
| Comparative example 2 | 603.87±44.24 | 676.98±40.23 | 794.38±42.02 | 934.42±41.33 | 987.52±33.25 | 814.23±35.27 |
| Comparative example 3 | 597.34±51.21 | 689.77±41.34 | 802.49±40.81 | 915.26±42.41 | 979.52±42.68 | 846.53±33.42 |
| Comparative example 4 | 613.67±34.58 | 693.68±40.21 | 811.02±30.62 | 901.09±22.75 | 990.63±37.21 | 823.33±36.48 |
| Comparative example 5 | 609.24±41.11 | 688.04±35.45 | 813.55±33.09 | 912.04±32.09 | 888.35±35.06 | 778.09±31.68 |
| Comparative example 6 | 613.43±33.74 | 654.72±40.31 | 778.92±23.56 | 867.18±31.09 | 892.36±41.06 | 899.85±37.28 |
| Comparative example 7 | 633.43±31.56 | 678.34±41.23 | 805.47±40.03 | 902.02±29.85 | 996.83±37.32 | 876.09±34.70 |
TABLE 2 number of soil fungi 104Soil per g
| Month 5 | 6 month | 7 month | 8 month | 9 month | 10 month | |
| Control | 14.44±1.05 | 15.03±0.78 | 18.34±0.55 | 25.53±0.87 | 23.14±1.02 | 19.65±1.21 |
| Example 1 | 18.31±0.85 | 19.55±1.06 | 21.53±0.84 | 27.63±0.91 | 27.34±1.13 | 26.09±1.02 |
| Example 2 | 18.31±0.85 | 19.55±1.06 | 21.53±0.84 | 27.63±0.91 | 27.34±1.13 | 26.09±1.02 |
| Example 3 | 18.87±0.91 | 19.78±0.95 | 21.76±0.86 | 27.89±0.92 | 27.65±0.96 | 27.11±0.94 |
| Example 4 | 18.96±0.93 | 19.89±1.02 | 22.76±0.89 | 28.45±0.96 | 28.11±1.01 | 28.34±0.94 |
| Comparative example 1 | 15.11±0.95 | 16.21±0.87 | 19.03±0.71 | 26.21±0.91 | 24.21±0.93 | 19.88±0.87 |
| Comparative example 2 | 15.02±0.89 | 16.34±0.69 | 19.14±0.88 | 26.85±0.83 | 24.67±0.84 | 19.85±0.83 |
| Comparative example 3 | 15.25±0.84 | 16.68±0.89 | 18.86±0.76 | 26.37±0.83 | 24.55±0.75 | 19.74±0.86 |
| Comparative example 4 | 15.46±0.89 | 16.77±0.86 | 19.23±0.75 | 26.56±0.83 | 24.81±0.79 | 20.38±0.78 |
| Comparative example 5 | 15.87±0.84 | 16.62±0.85 | 19.25±0.76 | 25.87±0.74 | 24.89±0.86 | 18.78±0.82 |
| Comparative example 6 | 14.95±0.93 | 16.54±0.86 | 19.45±0.78 | 25.94±0.79 | 24.78±0.91 | 19.56±0.89 |
| Comparative example 7 | 14.89±1.02 | 16.34±0.85 | 19.22±0.84 | 26.03±0.95 | 24.59±0.90 | 18.85±0.86 |
TABLE 3 soil Actinomycetes count 104Soil per g
| Month 5 | 6 month | 7 month | 8 month | 9 month | 10 month | |
| Control | 7.33±1.03 | 6.58±0.92 | 5.02±1.01 | 6.79±0.79 | 4.76±0.85 | 5.43±0.83 |
| Example 1 | 9.51±0.95 | 9.65±0.93 | 10.12±1.05 | 9.76±0.85 | 8.98±0.88 | 8.95±0.87 |
| Example 2 | 9.87±0.95 | 9.76±0.94 | 10.33±0.85 | 9.55±0.90 | 8.54±0.87 | 9.15±0.88 |
| Example 3 | 9.23±0.91 | 9.55±0.90 | 10.56±1.02 | 9.68±0.87 | 8.65±0.85 | 8.75±0.86 |
| Example 4 | 10.01±1.03 | 9.88±0.95 | 10.87±0.96 | 10.16±0.87 | 9.24±0.89 | 9.45±0.89 |
| Comparative example 1 | 8.23±0.93 | 7.55±0.97 | 6.35±1.11 | 7.22±0.86 | 5.34±0.92 | 6.55±0.89 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8.55±0.95 | 7.88±1.02 | 6.76±1.04 | 7.51±0.77 | 5.83±0.90 | 6.95±0.91 |
| Comparative example 3 | 8.67±0.91 | 7.39±0.93 | 6.63±1.02 | 7.58±0.87 | 5.89±0.90 | 6.84±0.87 |
| Comparative example 4 | 7.98±0.92 | 7.02±0.91 | 6.05±1.03 | 6.83±0.89 | 5.46±0.91 | 6.03±0.85 |
| Comparative example 5 | 7.78±0.90 | 7.24±0.94 | 6.27±0.92 | 7.14±0.88 | 5.22±0.73 | 6.62±0.79 |
| Comparative example 6 | 7.95±0.82 | 7.48±0.87 | 6.57±0.94 | 6.95±0.89 | 5.67±0.84 | 6.14±0.83 |
| Comparative example 7 | 8.33±0.86 | 7.62±0.93 | 6.37±0.81 | 6.98±0.87 | 5.53±0.86 | 6.75±0.78 |
According to the measurement results of the contents of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil in the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 7, the method for improving the soil microorganisms of the macadimia nut root system has the advantages that the increment of the soil microorganisms of the macadimia nut root system is lower when soybeans or rapes are interplanted singly; when soybeans are interplanted, the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans is changed into a potassium fertilizer by adding additional fertilizer plant ash, and when rape is replanted, the budding and bolting period of the rape is changed into decomposed pig manure by adding additional fertilizer decomposed chicken manure, so that the increment of soil microorganisms of the root system of the macadamia nuts is low; when bacillus cereus or bacillus subtilis in the microbial proliferation agent is replaced by EM (effective microorganisms) raw powder, the increment of the soil microbes of the root system of the macadimia nuts is low; through continuous research of the applicant, the method has the advantages that soybeans are interplanted for 4-5 months every year, 9-10 months every year, rape is replanted, and a microbial proliferation agent is properly sprayed, so that the microbial diversity of soil can be obviously improved, and the soil quality can be improved; in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans, plant ash is added for topdressing, and in the bud bolting period of rape, decomposed chicken manure is added for topdressing, so that the microbial diversity of soil can be obviously improved, and the soil quality is improved; the microbial proliferation agent contains glucose, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and water-soluble starch, so that the diversity of soil microorganisms is further improved, and the soil quality is improved.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving soil microorganisms of a root system of macadimia nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) interplanting: adding 150-200 kg/mu of sawdust as a base fertilizer into a macadamia nut planting field 4-5 months per year, spraying 250-280 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent, and then planting soybeans; adding 180-200 kg/mu of plant ash for topdressing in the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; harvesting the ripe soybeans, and using the harvested soybean stalks as base fertilizers;
every 100kg of the microbial proliferation agent contains 5-7 kg of glucose, 20-25 g of bacillus cereus with 200 hundred million spores per gram, 100-120 g of bacillus subtilis with 20 hundred million spores per gram, 3-5 kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water;
(2) and (3) multiple planting: replanting rape 9-10 months per year, adding 120-150 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure for topdressing during the budding and bolting period of rape; spraying 100-120 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of rape;
(3) strengthening field management: watering and fertilizing at proper time, and additionally applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
2. The method for improving soil microorganisms of macadamia nut roots according to claim 1, wherein the seeding rate of soybeans in the step (1) is 2.5-3.5 kg/mu.
3. The method for improving soil microorganisms of macadamia root systems according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism proliferation agent in step (1) contains 6kg of glucose, 22g of 200 hundred million spores per gram of bacillus cereus, 110g of 20 hundred million spores per gram of bacillus subtilis, 4kg of water-soluble starch and the balance of water per 100kg of microorganism proliferation agent.
4. The method for improving soil microorganisms of roots of macadimia nuts, according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), 150-170 kg/mu of biogas slurry is added for topdressing during flowering and pod bearing periods of soybeans.
5. The method for improving soil microorganisms of macadamia nut roots according to claim 1, wherein the seeding rate of the rape in the step (2) is 0.35-0.45 kg/mu.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the soil microorganisms of the roots of the macadamia nuts are improved, and after 9-10 months per year, rape is planted again, and 140 kg/mu of decomposed chicken manure is added for topdressing during the budding period of the rape; and (3) spraying 110 kg/mu of microbial proliferation agent in the flowering period of the rape.
7. The method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), water is poured into the macadimia nut plants every 12-15 days to keep soil moisture sufficient.
8. The method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), 50-70 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer and 35-40 g/plant of potassium fertilizer are added to the macadimia nut trees during the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; and applying 40-50 g of phosphate fertilizer and 45-50 g of potassium fertilizer per Australian nut tree in the budding and bolting period of the rape.
9. The method for improving soil microorganisms of macadimia nut roots according to claim 8, wherein in the step (3), 60 g/plant of phosphate fertilizer and 37 g/plant of potassium fertilizer are added to the macadimia nut trees during the flower bud differentiation period of soybeans; 45 g of phosphate fertilizer and 47 g of potassium fertilizer are applied to the Australia nut trees at the budding and bolting period of the rapes.
10. The method for improving soil microorganisms of roots of macadimia nuts, according to claim 8, wherein the phosphate fertilizer in the step (3) is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is kiln dust potassium fertilizer.
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