CN107371767A - A kind of strand Saline Region winter wheat high benefit installation system - Google Patents
A kind of strand Saline Region winter wheat high benefit installation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107371767A CN107371767A CN201710811871.5A CN201710811871A CN107371767A CN 107371767 A CN107371767 A CN 107371767A CN 201710811871 A CN201710811871 A CN 201710811871A CN 107371767 A CN107371767 A CN 107371767A
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- wheat
- stalk
- salt
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, and in particular to a kind of winter wheat high benefit installation system being adapted in the application of strand Saline Region.Compared with sweet tea soil area Production of Winter Wheat, main innovation of the present invention selects the stalk suppression salt technology that is, applies nitrogen technology etc. by stages.The strand farmland principal character for being applicable the technical system has：Topsoil soils salt content is less than 3.1g/kg, and Groundwater buried depth is more than 0.85m.Since popularization and application, achieve noticeable achievement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, and in particular to it is a kind of be adapted to strand Saline Region application winter it is small
Wheat high benefit installation system.
Background technology
China's seashore line length, salinization soil is widely distributed, and the 4.88% of land area can be utilized by accounting for China, and it is improved
Afterwards, there is huge yield potential.But coastal region is shallow because Groundwater buries, salinity is high, the desalination of salination soil layer, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil
Process alternate repetition, difficulty of governance are big.Suffer from this, the stronger crop of salt tolerant is planted in strand salination region more, such as cotton, height
Fine strain of millet etc., or leave uncultivated idle.It is estimated that Bohai Rim carry out cotton change grain and part vacant land it is agricultural after, possess volume increase 10,000,000,000 jin
The potential of grain, can be to solve China's Food Security to play a significant role.
Wheat is the important cereal crops in China, and compared with sweet tea soil area, Wheat Production is carried out in strand Saline Region,
Need to combine local natural, weather conditions, research and development, the On Comprehensive Technique system of integrated the problems such as can overcoming the accumulation of salt in the surface soil repeatedly.
First, we are it is to be understood that the salt-tolerant trait of Wheat Cultivars, selects strong stress resistance, kind best in quality to be pushed away in coastal region
Wide application；Secondly, Salt movement rule in salinization soil is studied, assurance salt comes with water, salt walks feature with water, proposes suppression salt
Strategy and method；3rd, to study crop nutrition content sorption enhanced feature in salinization soil；Finally, salination agriculture is combined
The characteristics of industry production system and local natural conditions, take supporting agronomy production technology measures.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is in research coastal region Salt movement rule, plant growth and nutrient demand
On the basis of feature, with reference to coastal region natural conditions, a kind of winter wheat high benefit installation system is have developed, it is specific as follows.
1st, winter wheat high benefit installation system involved in the present invention, key technology are as follows.
1) wheat breed of salt tolerant is selected, it is such as small to lay down 60, small lay down 81, face wheat No. 4, proper seeding；
2) using stalk suppression salt technology, the stalk of crushing and 0-15cm topsoil soils are fully mixed using rotary cultivator, often
Mu Straw Amendment amount is 400-700kg；
3) use and apply nitrogen technology by stages：
First, with reference to rotary tillage, mu applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer 20kg (in terms of N, similarly hereinafter) in base manure；
Second, coordinate straw-returning, mu Straw Amendment amount 400kg, mu increases instant nitrogenousfertilizer 10kg, stalk dosage in base manure
Change then presses 40：1 ratio is increased and decreased；
3rd, in next year, with reference to water of turning green, mu applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer 8kg；
4th, into Wheat in Grain Filling Stage, mu applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer 7kg；
4) use sufficient phosphate fertilizer, with reference to rotary tillage, mu applies phosphate fertilizer 7kg in base manure (in terms of P)；
5) pour in wheat growth stage and turn green water once, carry out chemical weed control, insect pest preventing and controlling in time, wax ripeness to full ripe stage and
When harvest.
2nd, being applicable strand farmland of the present invention principal character has：Topsoil soils salt content is less than 3.1g/kg, Groundwater buried depth
More than 0.85m.
3rd, it is reachable in salt content 2.75g/kg, Groundwater buried depth 0.85m, small 60 per mu yields of laying down using this technology system
460kg。
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 differences stalk handles wheatland topsoil soils saliferous spirogram；
Fig. 2 differences stalk processing suppression salt efficiency chart；
(different letters represent significant difference, p in same group in figure for Fig. 3 difference amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer wheats biomass, Yield mapping
<0.05)；
To wheat growth and yield effect figure, (different letters represent poor to Fig. 4 difference nitrogen application modes in same group in figure
It is different notable, p<0.05).
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, so as to the technology of this area
Personnel know more about the present invention, but do not limit the present invention with this.
Embodiment 1
Stalk presses down salt efficiency test
This was tested in 2014, was carried out in a Wheat Maize farmland, and topsoil soils salt content is 2.87 g/kg (measure
Time is October), Groundwater buried depth is 1.05m.After harvest corn, stalk crushes, and the amount of being manured into soil is respectively 350kg/ mus
(S), 700kg/ mus (2S), mixed, compared with not applying stalk processing, often processing weight by rotary tillage and topsoil soils (0-15cm)
Again three times, area 100m2.With reference to every mu of two ammonium 35kg of application of rotary tillage.October 17 wheat cultivation, kind lays down 60 to be small, next year
Wheat turns green watering once, applies urea 15kg/ mus.Mid-March, mid-April, mid-May, mid-June, gather topsoil soils
(0-20cm), its salt content of gravimetric detemination, and calculate the suppression salt efficiency of different stalk processing.It is (right to press down salt efficiency %=100*
According to soil salt content-stalk processing salt content)/control soil salt content.Result of the test is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
As seen from Figure 1, after Straw Amendment, soil salt content is remarkably decreased, and fall is with the increase of stalk sowing amount
And increase, gradually reduced with wheat growth, stalk suppression salt efficiency as time went on, to 5, June, suppression salt efficiency is 10%
Hereinafter, the difference between different crop-residue incorporation processing is also reducing (Fig. 2).The coastal region soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil essentially consists in soil steaming
Hair, gathered by capillarity salinity in topsoil, after applying stalk, soil hollow billet is broken, and moisture movement is obstructed, thus
Salt accumulation in surface soil phenomenon significantly reduces.So stalk suppression salt is a kind of effectively reduction strand salinizing area topsoil soils salt content
A kind of feasible tillage method.
Embodiment 2
Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is to winter wheat growth and yield effect
It is provided with the conditions of straw-returning within 2015, the experiment that different amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer influence on Production of Winter Wheat.Experiment
3 nitrogen levels are set to handle altogether：Base manure mu instant nitrogenousfertilizer amount of application 10 (N1/2, in terms of N, similarly hereinafter), 20 (N1), 30kg (N3/
2), mu applies P fertilizer 7kg (in terms of P), and maize straw mu returning to the field amount is 400kg, soil salt content 2.70g/kg, with without stalk
Using mu applies the processing of 20kg instant nitrogenousfertilizers as control (CK).Often handle in triplicate, plot area 100m2, other management are the same as real
Apply example 1.Different disposal the upperground part biomass and yield are determined during harvesting wheat, as a result sees Fig. 3.
As seen from Figure 3, different amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer have a significant impact to winter wheat biomass, yield.Wheat biomass,
Yield highest in the processing of high nitrogen, as amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer increase dramatically increases, show to fill, it is necessary to have using stalk suppression salt technology
Sufficient nitrogenous fertilizer supply could meet the needs of wheat growth.Compared with not applying stalk control, low nitrogen processing, wheat biomass, yield
There is downward trend, N1 processing increased, but not reach the level of signifiance.Therefore, it is one that nitrogen management presses down in salt technology in stalk
Key link, this is relevant with plant growth competition nitrogen with straw decomposition.
Embodiment 3
Nitrogen application mode is to winter wheat growth and yield effect
In winter wheat salinized farmland, three kinds of different nitrogen application modes were set in 2015：Disposably applied as base manure
With instant nitrogenousfertilizer 45kg/ mus (in terms of N, mode one)；Base manure applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer 30kg/ mus, turns green and imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer 15kg/
Mu (mode two)；Base manure applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer 30kg/ mus, turns green and imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer 8kg/ mus, the pustulation period imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer
7kg/ mus (mode three).Often handle in triplicate, plot area 100m2, mu applies P fertilizer 7kg (in terms of P), maize straw mu returning to the field
Amount is 400kg, and topsoil soils salt content is 2.65g/kg, and other management are the same as embodiment 1.Different disposal is determined during harvesting wheat
The upperground part biomass and yield, are as a result shown in Fig. 4.
Nitrogen application mode significantly affects wheat growth and yield (Fig. 4).Split application nitrogenous fertilizer is for improving wheat life
Object amount, yield, and utilization rate of fertilizer have remarkable effect.During wheat growth, pustulation period Nitrogen Top Dressing is actually rare, more
It is foliage-spray potash fertilizer in the watery stage, to promote photosynthate to be transported to seed.But in the salinized farmland of strand, using stalk
Press down salt technology, stalk contains abundant potassium, can gradually discharged in decay process, and the potassium in soil is abundant.But strand
Regional underground water buried depth is shallow, and salinity is high, and salinity is easily migrated into upper layer of soil, is enriched with water, thus when wheat root enters
When entering the high soil layer of salinity, growth can be suppressed, and limit root system and nitrogen etc. is absorbed from more deep soil, cause salt marsh
Change root system in farmland and utilize the soil layer of nitrogen than shallower.Nitrogen mobility in soil is strong, once into more deep soil, just
Utilization can not be absorbed by crops.Compared with sweet tea soil farmland, salination region is easy to the phenomenon for wheat early ageing occur, significantly affects
Its growth and yield.Stalk presses down the application of salt technology, causes straw decomposition process during whole wheat growth all be present, also needs
To utilize a part of nitrogen.Meanwhile salinization soil fertility is poor, the relatively low content of organic matter and poor soil texture etc. cause it
Fertilizer-preserving ability is not high, and these require that use is applied nitrogen technology and is engaged with stalk suppression salt technology by stages.Mode three is handled, wheat mu
Yield has reached kg more than 450, and in a high yield level, therefore, this nitrogen technology of applying by stages can be in strand salination
Demonstration Application in Production of Winter Wheat.
Embodiment 4
Strand salinized farmland winter wheat high benefit installation system application
On the basis of embodiment 1,2,3, strand salinized farmland winter wheat high benefit installation system have developed within 2016,
Demonstration Application is carried out in Shandong Province Wudi County Liu Bao towns, demonstration area area is 50 mu, and Groundwater buried depth is 0.85m, and topsoil is native
Earth salt content is 2.75g/kg.Implementation process is as follows.Wheat breed lays down 60 to be small, and corn straw smashing is 5-10cm thin segments, mu
Returning to the field amount is 500kg, and mu applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer 32.5kg (in terms of N) in base manure, and mu applies P fertilizer 7kg (in terms of P), turns green and impose speed
Nitrogenous fertilizer 8kg/ mus are imitated, the pustulation period imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer 7kg/ mus.10% tribenuron-methyl wettable powder is sprayed when wheat is turned green
Weeding is learned, pours and turns green water once, wheat full ripe stage harvest.Production is surveyed through real receive, wheat per mu yield is 462.3kg.This
Show technical system popularization and application in the Production of Winter Wheat of strand salinizing area, significant economic benefit can be obtained.
Claims (3)
1. winter wheat high benefit installation system involved in the present invention, key technology are as follows.
1) wheat breed of salt tolerant is selected, it is such as small to lay down 60, small lay down 81, face wheat No. 4, proper seeding；
2) using stalk suppression salt technology, the stalk of crushing and 0-15cm topsoil soils are fully mixed using rotary cultivator, every mu of straw
Stalk amount of application is 400-700kg；
3) use and apply nitrogen technology by stages：
First, with reference to rotary tillage, mu applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer 20kg (in terms of N, similarly hereinafter) in base manure；
Second, coordinate straw-returning, mu Straw Amendment amount 400kg, mu increases instant nitrogenousfertilizer 10kg, the change of stalk dosage in base manure
Then press 40：1 ratio is increased and decreased；
3rd, in next year, with reference to water of turning green, mu applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer 8kg；
4th, into Wheat in Grain Filling Stage, mu applies instant nitrogenousfertilizer 7kg；
4) use sufficient phosphate fertilizer, with reference to rotary tillage, mu applies phosphate fertilizer 7kg in base manure (in terms of P)；
5) poured in wheat growth stage and turn green water once, carry out chemical weed control, insect pest preventing and controlling in time, wax ripeness to full ripe stage is received in time
Obtain.
2. being applicable strand farmland of the present invention principal character has：Topsoil soils salt content is less than 3.1g/kg, and Groundwater buried depth is more than
0.85m。
3. this technology system is utilized, it is reachable in salt content 2.75g/kg, Groundwater buried depth 0.85m, small 60 per mu yields of laying down
460kg。
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| CN201710811871.5A CN107371767A (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2017-09-11 | A kind of strand Saline Region winter wheat high benefit installation system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110188507A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-30 | 海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所 | A kind of inwelling agricultural land soil salination monitoring, evaluation and repair modification method |
| CN113179854A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-07-30 | 沧州职业技术学院 | Method for cultivating morchella in saline-alkali soil greenhouse |
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| CN102640653A (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2012-08-22 | 山东省农业科学院高新技术研究中心 | Method utilizing coastal saline soil of Yellow River Delta to grow peanuts |
| CN104663239A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-03 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai region |
| CN105453882A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-04-06 | 山东农业大学 | Salinity-controlling yield-increasing method for winter wheat of slight and severe saline-alkali land of Yellow River delta |
| CN106278457A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 山东省滨州市秋田种业有限责任公司 | Region, Huanghe delta strong gluten wheat high yield light simplified cultivation new technique |
| CN106912277A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-07-04 | 陆开云 | A kind of implantation methods of wheat |
| CN107087465A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-25 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of winter wheat fertilization recommendation method |
-
2017
- 2017-09-11 CN CN201710811871.5A patent/CN107371767A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102640653A (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2012-08-22 | 山东省农业科学院高新技术研究中心 | Method utilizing coastal saline soil of Yellow River Delta to grow peanuts |
| CN104663239A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-03 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for winter wheat in Huanghuaihai region |
| CN105453882A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-04-06 | 山东农业大学 | Salinity-controlling yield-increasing method for winter wheat of slight and severe saline-alkali land of Yellow River delta |
| CN106278457A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 山东省滨州市秋田种业有限责任公司 | Region, Huanghe delta strong gluten wheat high yield light simplified cultivation new technique |
| CN106912277A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-07-04 | 陆开云 | A kind of implantation methods of wheat |
| CN107087465A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-25 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of winter wheat fertilization recommendation method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110188507A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-30 | 海南省农业科学院农业环境与土壤研究所 | A kind of inwelling agricultural land soil salination monitoring, evaluation and repair modification method |
| CN113179854A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-07-30 | 沧州职业技术学院 | Method for cultivating morchella in saline-alkali soil greenhouse |
| CN113179854B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-07-26 | 沧州职业技术学院 | Method for cultivating morchella in saline-alkali soil greenhouse |
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Application publication date: 20171124 |