CN108887175A - The breeding method and its cultural method of triticale best in quality - Google Patents
The breeding method and its cultural method of triticale best in quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN108887175A CN108887175A CN201810801960.6A CN201810801960A CN108887175A CN 108887175 A CN108887175 A CN 108887175A CN 201810801960 A CN201810801960 A CN 201810801960A CN 108887175 A CN108887175 A CN 108887175A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The present invention relates to the breeding methods and its cultural method of a kind of triticale best in quality, belong to triticale breeding technical field.The present invention includes the following steps：(1) it is female parent with black 05-0391, is male parent with black wheat 12, carries out 5 fringe of sexual hybridization, current year autumn sowing；(2) second year mixing harvest F1 generation seed, autumn sowing F2；(3) third year harvests black seed list fringe, autumn sowing；Good head progeny row, indoor species test are selected within (4) the 4th years, current year autumn sowing is head progeny row group；(5) the 4th year harvest time selected the head progeny row group of neat and consistent, winter resistance, good, the purple kernel Characters stable and consistent of yielding ability, and 5-10 row mixing harvest, autumn sowing is ore grade indexes；(6) the 5th years by field observation, survey and produce and indoor species test, strain is good to meet breeding objective, in select garden.The triticale that the present invention cultivates has both the advantages of high-quality and high yield, at the same it is adaptable, disease resistance is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding methods and its cultural method of a kind of triticale best in quality, belong to triticale breeding skill
Art field.
Background technique
Black wheat generally refers to seed color in dark purple (kind skin purple), dark blue (endosperm aleurone blue), purple black (purple
Skin+Bluealeuroe) kind general designation.Such wheat has rich in protein, essential amino acid ratio height, containing a large amount of
The features such as dietary fiber, part beneficial mineral prime element, contains more nutrition and health-care components than common wheat, therefore can portion
Divide and replace common wheat, produces various nutritional health foods.Triticale is new as a kind of ideal high-quality natural black food
Resource, with its high protein, low fat, high microsteping, low calorie nutritional characteristic, determine that its developing direction meets the following food products market
Demand.
But there are some " bottleneck " factors in the production of triticale and development at present, constrain the fast of triticale production
Speed development.
First is that the triticale new varieties being bred as recently still remain the contradiction of high yield Yu high-quality nutrition, have both high-quality and high
The problems such as less varieties of production, adaptability is not strong, disease resistance is weaker, especially yield level and excellent white wheat kind phase
Than, there is also quite poor away from.
Second is that there is its mating planting technology and relatively lagging behind etc. to ask since triticale occurs later in production application
Topic.To triticale production management in production at present, relies primarily on empirical measure, according to the managerial experiences of common wheat come pipe
Triticale is managed, as a result often results in that error is larger, management lag, causes more universal rich water utilization rate in production low, under quality
Drop, at high cost, fertilizer accumulation, causes a series of adverse consequences such as environmental pollution is serious, so that it is efficient to influence triticale equalization
Production, is extremely unfavorable for the production development of triticale.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the breeding methods and its cultural method of a kind of triticale best in quality, cultivate
Triticale the advantages of having both high-quality and high yield, while it is adaptable, disease resistance is strong.
The breeding method of the triticale best in quality, includes the following steps：
(1) it is female parent with black 05-0391, is male parent with black wheat 12, carry out 5 fringe of sexual hybridization, current year autumn sowing is capable a length of
1.5m, line-spacing 25cm；
(2) second year mixing harvest F1 generation seed, autumn sowing F2, row a length of 3-5m, line-spacing 25cm plant 5-10 altogether
Row；
(3) black seed list fringe is harvested third year, autumn sowing is F3 head progeny row, row a length of 1.5-3.0m, line-spacing 25cm；
The head progeny row that grain color is good without separation, performance consistency for black is selected within (4) the 4th years, every row harvests 10 single fringes, room
Interior species test, every row retain 5-10 seed black, full single fringe, and current year autumn sowing is head progeny row group；
(5) the 4th year harvest time eliminated the heavier head progeny row group of separation, and selected neat and consistent, winter resistance, yielding ability good, purple
The head progeny row group of kernel Characters stable and consistent, 5-10 row mixing harvest, autumn sowing is ore grade indexes；
By field observation, survey production and indoor species test, strain is semi-winterness, winter resistance is strong, plant height 75- within (6) the 5th years
The big fringe of 85cm, rectangle, seed cutin, atropurpureus, hardness is high, it is mass of 1000 kernel 41-43g meet breeding objective, in select garden.
The cultural method of the triticale best in quality, includes the following steps：
(1) culture fertility：Popularize straw-returning, culture fertility in an all-round way；Carry out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro- fertilizer
Compounding application generally applies pure N 14-16 kilogram, P per acre2O57.5 kilograms, K2O7.5 kilograms, 1 kilogram of zinc sulfate, 1 public affairs of borax
Jin.Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer whole bottom application, 50% bottom application of nitrogenous fertilizer, 50% spring impose.
(2) fine site preparation：First straw-returning one time after harvest corn, deep ploughs one time, plays the corn stover buried and crushed,
Weeds etc., can loose topsoil, friable soil improves permeability, improves soil infiltration, water storage, fertilizer conservation and feeder capability.Rotary tillage again
One time, accomplish Land leveling.
(3) elite seed：With the methods of selection by winnowing, screening, wet concentration, impurity, infected seed, blighted grain are removed, is basked seeds to improve germination
Rate and germinating energy, break seed afterripening, carry out germination test, should ensure that germination percentage 85% or more；Dressing seed prevents and treats underground
Pest adds 25~35kg of water with the different sulphur phosphorus 500g of methyl, and can dress seed 250~350kg, per acre with phoxim granule 2~
2.5kg, refinement soil 25kg, is spread on earth's surface, then ploughs.
(4) proper seeding：Middle areas in Shandong Province triticale suitable sowing date is October 1~10, and depth of planting is 3~5cm, cropping pattern
For wide cut Precision Seeding, 1.5 meters of furrow face, 6 row triticales are sowed.It is required that the amount of broadcasting is accurate, line-spacing is consistent, sows uniformly, the depth is consistent, no
Broadcast leakage is not replayed, and bottom edge sowing of bowing is neat, when sowing behind band press wheel suppressed.
(5) it irrigates：It is irrigated with fine-spraying belt sprinkling irrigation mode, the PVC for being laid with diameter 10cm with furrow face vertical direction is responsible for
Road, every furrow centre are laid with a fine-spraying belt, and diameter 5cm, the long 40m of every fine-spraying belt, fine-spraying belt is connected to main pipeline, according to diving
The pressure of pump determines the fine-spraying belt quantity once opened, and generally can once open 10 fine-spraying belts.
(6) it was managed before the winter：
It pours with kind of a water：It should after planting pour rapidly with kind of a water, it is ensured that emergence is complete.
It looks into and fills the gaps with seedlings in time：Look into filling the gaps with seedlings after wheat emergence, timely final singling after three leaves, it is ensured that Basic Seedling meets the requirements.
With well overwintering water：Generally, to the good overwintering water of biscuit fire in December, be conducive to keep a full stand of seedings overwintering by the end of November, early spring protects after year
Preferable soil moisture content is held, to postpone first time in spring rich water.
Do wheatland chemical weed control well.Weeds in field is prevented and kill off in the overwintering preceding tribenuron-methyl of wheat, mcpa sodium mixing.
(7) spring manages：The first rich water of spring is used in due course.The first rich water of wheat spring should postpone till late March to April
The first tenday period of a month use, and impose 15 kilograms of urea or so per acre in conjunction with watering, promote tiller polarization, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller, enhance wheat
Lodging tolerance.
It is prosperous antifreeze to change control control：Mid-March to early April sprays the plant growth regulator such as Zhuang Feng An, Tianda-2116 1 time,
Wheat prosperous growth is controlled, the anti-fall cold spell in spring ability of wheat is improved.
(8) final-period management：
Flowering grouting water is poured：The first tenday period of a month in May have poured flowering grouting water depending on weather condition, improve thousand grain weight of wheat.Forbid
It waters before strong wind and heavy rain, prevents broad irrigation, with lodging-prevention.
Boot stage mid-April and heading stage late April spray a 10~25g/hm2Sodium selenite is to improve triticale seed
Grain quality and Se content.
One spray three proofings：The first tenday period of a month May late April, insecticide, fungicide, foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulator mixing spray
It applies, even spray 2-3 time primary every spray in 7 days or so, disease-resistant, anti-hot dry wind, anti-early ageing.
Harvest in due course：Triticale maturation is divided into three periods, i.e. milk stage, dough stage, full ripe stage.Dough stage, divides three again
Period, i.e. early dough stage, middle dough stage, late dough.It, should be in middle dough stage according to hand harvest.According to mechanical harvesting
When, it should be in full ripe stage.Triticale receipts, which are beaten, dries afterwards (aqueous less than 13%) and can harvest and store.It prevents mixed in receiving de-, sunning, storing and transporting
It is miscellaneous, reinforce causing the Vulnerability Management mixed to during modernization mechanical work, guarantees the purity and naturality of triticale.
In the above cultivation, boot stage and florescence are to 1 10~25g/hm of each Spraying Se in triticale blade face2Sub- selenium
Sour sodium or 560g/hm2Selenium yeast can delay triticale Later growth leaf senile, so that later period leaf area index is increased,
Expand photosynthetic area；The ratio from Post flowering dry-matter accumulation in Post flowering dry-matter accumulation ability and seed is improved, from
And significantly improve yield level.
By experiments have shown that, boot stage and florescence, foliage spray plant growth regulator Cc and DTA-6 were conducive to maintain
Triticale late growth stage blade function, so that triticale spends rear leaf area index with higher；Advantageously reduce stalk+leaf sheath
The Dry Matter ratio of+blade improves the Dry Matter amount and ratio of seed；Be conducive to improve Post flowering dry matter
Accumulation ability increases the ratio from Post flowering dry matter in seed.In plant leaf blade aging course, some excess can be generated
Active oxygen, and excessive active oxygen can oxidative biological film, cause Photosynthetic Photosystem I and Photosystem I I inactivation and packet
Include the degradation of certain albumen including protective enzyme.Cc can improve the activity for removing " anti-oxidation enzyme " class of internal harmful free radicals,
The significantly cell membrane lipid of cover crop mitigates it by extent of peroxidation.DTA-6 at low concentrations to various plants have adjusting and
The effect for promoting growth can promote carbohydrate metabolism and substance to accumulate, significantly improve yield, and can improve and make article
Matter.This should be the physiological foundation of triticale acquisition high yield after foliage spray plant growth regulator Cc and DAT-6.
Boot stage and florescence, foliage-spray Cc can significantly improve triticale seed crude protein content, gluten index, shape
At the time and stablize the time；And although triticale seed crude protein content can be significantly improved by spraying DAT-6, to triticale seed
Corpuscular protein quality influences not significant；Foliage spray plant growth regulator Cc and DAT-6 significantly improve triticale Se content.It says
Bright foliage-spray Cc and DAT-6 can improve several quality traits of triticale respectively.
It is supported by rain and irrigation conditions test proves, compared with Irrigation regime, rain, which supports processing, mainly reduces triticale
Grain number per spike and mass of 1000 kernel, so that yield be made to significantly reduce.Under the conditions of rain is supported, triticale Grain filling duration, maximum filling speed,
Average filling rate, fast phase filling rate, the slow phase filling rate that increases of increasing eventually lead to mass of 1000 kernel drop considerably less than Irrigation regime
It is low；7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days and 35 days leaf area index are distinguished compared with Irrigation regime reduction amount after triticale is spent under the conditions of rain is supported
For：13.51%, 16.03%, 29.15%, 50.71% and 45.06%, illustrate water stress to the leaf of triticale Later growth
Area index influences bigger；Total biomass is reduced under the conditions of rain is supported, and is reduced the accumulation ability of Post flowering dry matter, is reduced seed
Ratio from Post flowering dry matter in grain, the above several points are the physiological foundations that triticale yield reduces under the conditions of rain is supported.
It is generally acknowledged that then grain yield declines, and grain protein content such as water deficient between wheat growth stage
Increase (Cao Guang ability etc., 1994) therewith.Under the conditions of this result of study shows that rain is supported, triticale seed crude protein, wet gluten, gluten
Index, precipitating index, water absorption, stablize the time respectively reach 16.16%, 44.8%, 61,40.7ml, 65.4ml/100g and
7.6min has reached national strong gluten wheat standard.Rain support under the conditions of triticale formed the time be 5.9min, gluten index 61,
Two indexs have reached bread wheat standard.
The characteristic of the triticale of institute's breeding of the present invention is as follows：
Semi-winterness, winter resistance are strong.Seedling partly crawls, and seedling color is dark green, and growing way is healthy and strong, and tillering ability is strong, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is medium.Boot leaf
Under drape over one's shoulders, plant type is compacter, and 80~85cm of plant height or so, stalk is flexible sturdy, later period color purpling, and lodging resistance is good.Rectangle is big
Fringe spends more mostly real, long awns.White shell, grain atropurpureus.Cutin, hardness is high, mass of 1000 kernel 42g or so.Compared with stripe rust resisting, middle sense leaf rust
Disease and powdery mildew.Maturity period with Jimai 22, belongs to middle-late ripening variety, and the ripe phase falls yellow good.
Yield performance is as follows：
Grain number per spike is generally at 36 or so, and mass of 1000 kernel is generally in 40g or so.Yield three elements are coordinated, and yielding ability is preferable.It produces
Amount level is generally in 500~550kg/hm2.Tested within continuous 2 years, average product be respectively 518.7kg/ mus and
506.3kg relatively compares 22 underproduction 3.5% and 4.1% of Jimai.100 mu of high yields are planted in the Linzi District, Zibo City town the Zhu Tai village Huai Wu
Tackling key problem model field is surveyed to produce through expert group and be checked and accepted, and average product reaches 553.7kg/ mus.
Quality performance is as follows：
It is detected through Ministry of Agriculture's cereal and quality of item supervision and inspection center (Tai'an), it is seed crude protein 14.22%, wet
Gluten 37.7%, gluten index 53.5, precipitating index 30.35ml, water absorption, 64.4mL/100g, form time 3.5min, surely
Fix time 3.5min.It is detected by Ministry of Agriculture's cereal and quality of item supervision and inspection center (Tai'an), main indicator reaches
To middle strengthening tendons standard (GB/T17320-2013).By Ministry of Agriculture's cereal and quality of item supervision and inspection center (Ha Er
Shore) detection, seed Se content is 0.056mg/kg, reaches the standard of GB/T22499-2008 selenium-rich paddy.
Selecting through the invention is middle high fertile kind, it is desirable that irrigation condition preferably, yield 500kg/667m2The above plot
Plantation.More basal dressings before sowing, fertilizer spraying, suitable sowing date 1-10 in October days, every 667m2Basic Seedling 150,000 is advisable.It is entire raw
The phase is educated according to weather and soil moisture content appropriate adjustment watering time and number, is generally watered 3~4 times.Nian Houding is insulted to draw to uproot and be loosened the soil
Temperature raising soil moisture conservation, eliminates weeds in field.Spring payes attention to jointing fertilizer, mid or late April heading front and back prevention and treatment powdery mildew and rust.Wax ripeness end
Phase harvests in due course.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
The advantages of the design of the invention is scientific and reasonable, simple and easy, and the triticale cultivated has both high-quality and high yield is fitted simultaneously
Ying Xingqiang, disease resistance are strong, are conducive to industrialization promotion.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but it is not intended to limit implementation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The breeding method of the triticale best in quality, includes the following steps：
The parental combination of the triticale best in quality is：Black 05-0391 and black wheat 12；
(1) current year hybridizes, and obtains 42 seeds, current year autumn sowing, number 711088；
(2) second year mixing harvest F1 generation seed, autumn sowing F2, row long 3m, line-spacing 25cm plant 5 rows, number is altogether
821001-821005；
(3) 50 black seed list fringes are harvested third year, autumn sowing is F3 head progeny row, capable long 1.5m, line-spacing 25cm, and number is
931551-931600；
Selecting within (4) the 4th years grain color is black without separation, shows 3 good head progeny rows 931555 of consistency, 931574 and
931587, every row harvests 10 single fringes, indoor species test, and every row retains 5 seed black, full single fringe, and current year autumn sowing is fringe
Row group, number are respectively 041001-041005,041006-041010 and 041011-041015；
(5) the 4th year harvest time eliminated separation heavier 041001-041005,041006-041010 and 041011-
041015 Liang Ge head progeny row group neat and consistent, winter resistance, yielding ability are good, purple kernel Characters stable and consistent, 5 rows mixing harvest, autumn sowing
For ore grade indexes, code name J041006 and J041010；
By field observation, survey production and indoor species test, J041010 strain semi-winterness, winter resistance is strong, plant height within (6) the 5th years
75-85cm, the big fringe of rectangle, seed cutin, atropurpureus, hardness is high, mass of 1000 kernel 41-43g；Meet breeding objective, in select garden.
Row a length of 1.5m, line-spacing 25cm in autumn sowing described in step (1).
The a length of 3m of row, line-spacing 25cm plant 5 rows altogether in autumn sowing described in step (2).
Row a length of 1.5m, line-spacing 25cm in autumn sowing described in step (3).
The cultural method of the triticale best in quality, includes the following steps：
(1) culture fertility：Popularize straw-returning, culture fertility in an all-round way；Carry out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro- fertilizer
Compounding application applies pure N 14-16 kilogram, P per acre2O57.5 kilograms, K2O7.5 kilograms, 1 kilogram of zinc sulfate, 1 kilogram of borax.
Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer whole bottom application, 50% bottom application of nitrogenous fertilizer, 50% spring impose.
(2) fine site preparation：First straw-returning one time after harvest corn, deep ploughs one time, plays the corn stover buried and crushed,
Weeds etc., can loose topsoil, friable soil improves permeability, improves soil infiltration, water storage, fertilizer conservation and feeder capability.Rotary tillage again
One time, accomplish Land leveling.
(3) elite seed：With the methods of selection by winnowing, screening, wet concentration, impurity, infected seed, blighted grain are removed, is basked seeds to improve germination
Rate and germinating energy, break seed afterripening, carry out germination test, should ensure that germination percentage 85% or more；Dressing seed prevents and treats underground
Pest adds 25~35kg of water with the different sulphur phosphorus 500g of methyl, and can dress seed 250~350kg, per acre with phoxim granule 2~
2.5kg, refinement soil 25kg, is spread on earth's surface, then ploughs.
(4) proper seeding：Middle areas in Shandong Province triticale suitable sowing date is October 1~10, and depth of planting is 3~5cm, cropping pattern
For wide cut Precision Seeding, 1.5 meters of furrow face, 6 row triticales are sowed.
(5) it irrigates：It is irrigated with fine-spraying belt sprinkling irrigation mode, the PVC for being laid with diameter 10cm with furrow face vertical direction is responsible for
Road, every furrow centre are laid with a fine-spraying belt, and diameter 5cm, the long 40m of every fine-spraying belt, fine-spraying belt is connected to main pipeline, according to diving
The pressure of pump determines the fine-spraying belt quantity once opened, and can once open 10 fine-spraying belts.
(6) it was managed before the winter：
It pours with kind of a water：It should after planting pour rapidly with kind of a water, it is ensured that emergence is complete.
It looks into and fills the gaps with seedlings in time：Look into filling the gaps with seedlings after wheat emergence, timely final singling after three leaves, it is ensured that Basic Seedling meets the requirements.
With well overwintering water：Overwintering water to be poured by the end of November, is conducive to keep a full stand of seedings overwintering, early spring keeps preferable soil moisture content after year,
To postpone first time in spring rich water.
Do wheatland chemical weed control well.Weeds in field is prevented and kill off in the overwintering preceding tribenuron-methyl of wheat, mcpa sodium mixing.
(7) spring manages：The first rich water of wheat spring is used in late March, imposes 15 kilograms of urea per acre in conjunction with watering,
Promote tiller polarization, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller, enhances wheat lodging tolerance.
It is prosperous antifreeze to change control control：It sprays mid-March Zhuang Feng An plant growth regulator 1 time, controls wheat prosperous growth, improve wheat
Anti-fall cold spell in spring ability.
(8) final-period management：
Flowering grouting water is poured：The first tenday period of a month in May have poured flowering grouting water depending on weather condition, improve thousand grain weight of wheat.
Boot stage mid-April and heading stage late April spray a 10~25g/hm2Sodium selenite is to improve triticale seed
Grain quality and Se content.
One spray three proofings：Late April, insecticide, fungicide, foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulator mixing sprayed, every 7 days
Left and right spray is primary, even spray 2-3 times, disease-resistant, anti-hot dry wind, anti-early ageing.
Harvest in due course：Triticale maturation is divided into three periods, i.e. milk stage, dough stage, full ripe stage.Dough stage, divides three again
Period, i.e. early dough stage, middle dough stage, late dough.Middle dough stage using hand harvest's triticale receipts beat dry after it is (aqueous
Less than 13%) can harvesting and storing.Mixing in receiving de-, sunning, storing and transporting is prevented, reinforces causing to mix to during modernization mechanical work
Miscellaneous Vulnerability Management guarantees the purity and naturality of triticale.
Embodiment 2
The breeding method of the triticale best in quality, includes the following steps：
The parental combination of the triticale best in quality is：Black 05-0391 and black wheat 12；
(1) current year hybridizes, and obtains 45 seeds, current year autumn sowing, row a length of 1.5m, line-spacing 30cm, number 711088-
2；
(2) all mixing harvest, autumn sowing F2, row long 3m, line-spacing 50cm plant 5 rows, number is to second year altogether
821001-2,821002-2,821003-2,821004-2,821005-2；
(3) 50 black seed list fringes are harvested third year, autumn sowing is F3 head progeny row, capable long 1.5m, line-spacing 30cm, and number is
931551-2,931552-2,931553-2,,,,,,,931600-2；
Selecting within (4) the 4th years grain color is black without separation, shows consistency good 3 head progeny rows 931555-2,931574-2
And 931587-2, every row harvest 10 single fringes, indoor species test, every row retains 5 seed black, full single fringe, current year autumn sowing
For head progeny row group, number is respectively 041001-2~041005-2,041006-2~041010-2 and 041011-2~041015-2；
(5) the 4th year harvest time, eliminate separation heavier 041001-2~041005-2,041006-2~041010-2 and
041011-2~041015-2 Liang Ge head progeny row group neat and consistent, winter resistance, yielding ability are good, purple kernel Characters stable and consistent, and 5 rows are mixed
Harvest is closed, autumn sowing is ore grade indexes, code name J041006-2 and J041010-2；
By field observation, survey production and indoor species test, J041010-2 strain semi-winterness, winter resistance is strong, strain within (6) the 5th years
High 85cm, the big fringe of rectangle, seed cutin, atropurpureus, hardness is high, mass of 1000 kernel 43g；Meet breeding objective, in select garden.
The cultural method of the triticale best in quality, includes the following steps：
(1) culture fertility：Popularize straw-returning, culture fertility in an all-round way；Carry out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro- fertilizer
Compounding application applies 16 kilograms of pure N, P per acre2O57.5 kilograms, K2O7.5 kilograms, 1 kilogram of zinc sulfate, 1 kilogram of borax.Phosphorus
Fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer whole bottom application, 50% bottom application of nitrogenous fertilizer, 50% spring impose.
(2) fine site preparation：First straw-returning one time after harvest corn, deep ploughs one time, plays the corn stover buried and crushed,
Weeds etc., can loose topsoil, friable soil improves permeability, improves soil infiltration, water storage, fertilizer conservation and feeder capability.Rotary tillage again
One time, accomplish Land leveling.
(3) elite seed：With the methods of selection by winnowing, screening, wet concentration, impurity, infected seed, blighted grain are removed, is basked seeds to improve germination
Rate and germinating energy, break seed afterripening, carry out germination test, should ensure that germination percentage 85% or more；Dressing seed prevents and treats underground
Pest adds water 35kg with the different sulphur phosphorus 500g of methyl, and can dress seed 350kg, uses phoxim granule 2.5kg, refinement soil 25kg per acre,
It is spread on earth's surface, is then ploughed.
(4) proper seeding：Middle areas in Shandong Province triticale suitable sowing date is on October 3~5, depth of planting 5cm, and cropping pattern is width
Width Precision Seeding, sows 6 row triticales by 1.5 meters of furrow face.
(5) it irrigates：It is irrigated with fine-spraying belt sprinkling irrigation mode, the PVC for being laid with diameter 10cm with furrow face vertical direction is responsible for
Road, every furrow centre are laid with a fine-spraying belt, and diameter 5cm, the long 40m of every fine-spraying belt, fine-spraying belt is connected to main pipeline, according to diving
The pressure of pump determines the fine-spraying belt quantity once opened, and can once open 10 fine-spraying belts.
(6) it was managed before the winter：
It pours with kind of a water：It should after planting pour rapidly with kind of a water, it is ensured that emergence is complete.
It looks into and fills the gaps with seedlings in time：Look into filling the gaps with seedlings after wheat emergence, timely final singling after three leaves, it is ensured that Basic Seedling meets the requirements.
With well overwintering water：Overwintering water to be poured by the end of November, is conducive to keep a full stand of seedings overwintering, early spring keeps preferable soil moisture content after year,
To postpone first time in spring rich water.
Do wheatland chemical weed control well.Weeds in field is prevented and kill off in the overwintering preceding tribenuron-methyl of wheat, mcpa sodium mixing.
(7) spring manages：The first rich water of wheat spring is used in late March, imposes 15 kilograms of urea per acre in conjunction with watering,
Promote tiller polarization, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller, enhances wheat lodging tolerance.
It is prosperous antifreeze to change control control：It sprays mid-March Zhuang Feng An plant growth regulator 1 time, controls wheat prosperous growth, improve wheat
Anti-fall cold spell in spring ability.
(8) final-period management：
Flowering grouting water is poured：The first tenday period of a month in May have poured flowering grouting water depending on weather condition, improve thousand grain weight of wheat.
Boot stage late April and the heading of the first tenday period of a month in May spray a 25g/hm2Sodium selenite is to improve triticale seed product
Matter and Se content.
One spray three proofings：Late April, insecticide, fungicide, foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulator mixing sprayed, every 7 days
Left and right spray is primary, even spray 2 times, disease-resistant, anti-hot dry wind, anti-early ageing.
Harvest in due course：Triticale maturation is divided into three periods, i.e. milk stage, dough stage, full ripe stage.Dough stage, divides three again
Period, i.e. early dough stage, middle dough stage, late dough.Middle dough stage using hand harvest's triticale receipts beat dry after it is (aqueous
Less than 13%) can harvesting and storing.Mixing in receiving de-, sunning, storing and transporting is prevented, reinforces causing to mix to during modernization mechanical work
Miscellaneous Vulnerability Management guarantees the purity and naturality of triticale.
Embodiment 3
The breeding method of the triticale best in quality, includes the following steps：
The parental combination of the triticale best in quality is：Black 05-0391 and black wheat 12；
(1) current year hybridizes, and obtains 40 seeds, current year autumn sowing, row a length of 1.5m, line-spacing 28cm, number 711088-
3；
(2) all mixing harvest, autumn sowing F2, row long 4m, line-spacing 28cm plant 5 rows, number is to second year altogether
821001-3,821002-3,821003-3,821004-3,821005-3；
(3) 50 black seed list fringes are harvested third year, autumn sowing is F3 head progeny row, capable long 1.5m, line-spacing 28cm, and number is
931551-3,931552-3,931553-3,,,,,,,931600-3；
Selecting within (4) the 4th years grain color is black without separation, shows consistency good 3 head progeny rows 931555-3,931574-3
And 931587-3, every row harvest 10 single fringes, indoor species test, every row retains 5 seed black, full single fringe, current year autumn sowing
For head progeny row group, number is respectively 041001-3~041005-3,041006-3~041010-3 and 041011-3~041015-3；
(5) the 4th year harvest time, eliminate separation heavier 041001-3~041005-3,041006-3~041010-3 and
041011-3~041015-3 Liang Ge head progeny row group neat and consistent, winter resistance, yielding ability are good, purple kernel Characters stable and consistent, and 5 rows are mixed
Harvest is closed, autumn sowing is ore grade indexes, code name J041006-3 and J041010-3；
By field observation, survey production and indoor species test, J041010-3 strain semi-winterness, winter resistance is strong, strain within (6) the 5th years
High 80cm, the big fringe of rectangle, seed cutin, atropurpureus, hardness is high, mass of 1000 kernel 42g；Meet breeding objective, in select garden.
The cultural method of the triticale best in quality, includes the following steps：
(1) culture fertility：Popularize straw-returning, culture fertility in an all-round way；Carry out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro- fertilizer
Compounding application applies 15 kilograms of pure N, P per acre2O57.5 kilograms, K2O7.5 kilograms, 1 kilogram of zinc sulfate, 1 kilogram of borax.Phosphorus
Fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer whole bottom application, 50% bottom application of nitrogenous fertilizer, 50% spring impose.
(2) fine site preparation：First straw-returning one time after harvest corn, deep ploughs one time, plays the corn stover buried and crushed,
Weeds etc., can loose topsoil, friable soil improves permeability, improves soil infiltration, water storage, fertilizer conservation and feeder capability.Rotary tillage again
One time, accomplish Land leveling.
(3) elite seed：With the methods of selection by winnowing, screening, wet concentration, impurity, infected seed, blighted grain are removed, is basked seeds to improve germination
Rate and germinating energy, break seed afterripening, carry out germination test, should ensure that germination percentage 85% or more；Dressing seed prevents and treats underground
Pest adds water 30kg with the different sulphur phosphorus 500g of methyl, and can dress seed 320kg, uses phoxim granule 2.2kg, refinement soil 25kg per acre,
It is spread on earth's surface, is then ploughed.
(4) proper seeding：Middle areas in Shandong Province triticale suitable sowing date is on October 5~8, depth of planting 4cm, and cropping pattern is width
Width Precision Seeding, sows 6 row triticales by 1.5 meters of furrow face.
(5) it irrigates：It is irrigated with fine-spraying belt sprinkling irrigation mode, the PVC for being laid with diameter 10cm with furrow face vertical direction is responsible for
Road, every furrow centre are laid with a fine-spraying belt, and diameter 5cm, the long 40m of every fine-spraying belt, fine-spraying belt is connected to main pipeline, according to diving
The pressure of pump determines the fine-spraying belt quantity once opened, and can once open 10 fine-spraying belts.
(6) it was managed before the winter：
It pours with kind of a water：It should after planting pour rapidly with kind of a water, it is ensured that emergence is complete.
It looks into and fills the gaps with seedlings in time：Look into filling the gaps with seedlings after wheat emergence, timely final singling after three leaves, it is ensured that Basic Seedling meets the requirements.
With well overwintering water：Overwintering water to be poured by the end of November, is conducive to keep a full stand of seedings overwintering, early spring keeps preferable soil moisture content after year,
To postpone first time in spring rich water.
Do wheatland chemical weed control well.Weeds in field is prevented and kill off in the overwintering preceding tribenuron-methyl of wheat, mcpa sodium mixing.
(7) spring manages：The first rich water of wheat spring is used in late March, imposes 15 kilograms of urea per acre in conjunction with watering,
Promote tiller polarization, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller, enhances wheat lodging tolerance.
It is prosperous antifreeze to change control control：It sprays mid-March Zhuang Feng An plant growth regulator 1 time, controls wheat prosperous growth, improve wheat
Anti-fall cold spell in spring ability.
(8) final-period management：
Flowering grouting water is poured：The first tenday period of a month in May have poured flowering grouting water depending on weather condition, improve thousand grain weight of wheat.
Boot stage late April and the heading of the first tenday period of a month in May spray a 18g/hm2Sodium selenite is to improve triticale seed product
Matter and Se content.
One spray three proofings：Late April, insecticide, fungicide, foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulator mixing sprayed, every 7 days
Left and right spray is primary, even spray 3 times, disease-resistant, anti-hot dry wind, anti-early ageing.
Harvest in due course：Triticale maturation is divided into three periods, i.e. milk stage, dough stage, full ripe stage.Dough stage, divides three again
Period, i.e. early dough stage, middle dough stage, late dough.Middle dough stage using hand harvest's triticale receipts beat dry after it is (aqueous
Less than 13%) can harvesting and storing.Mixing in receiving de-, sunning, storing and transporting is prevented, reinforces causing to mix to during modernization mechanical work
Miscellaneous Vulnerability Management guarantees the purity and naturality of triticale.
The thousand mu of model fields of triticale best in quality being prepared are surveyed, average mu spike number 42.56 ten thousand, fringe grain
Number 34.64, mass of 1000 kernel 40.5g, 507.52 kilograms of average yield per mu after eight or five foldings.Hundred mu of yielding Demonstration field public testings, 6 points, average mu
Spike number 43.68 ten thousand, grain number per spike 36.82, mass of 1000 kernel 40.5g, 553.7 kilograms of average yield per mu after eight or five foldings.
It surveys to produce by expert and check and accept, hundred mu of demonstration side's per mu yield 553.7kg.By Ministry of Agriculture's cereal and quality of item supervision inspection
Test center (Tai'an) detection is tested, main indicator has reached middle strengthening tendons standard (GB/T17320-2013).By Ministry of Agriculture paddy
Object and quality of item supervision and inspection center (Harbin) detection, seed Se content are 0.056mg/kg, reach GB/
The standard of T22499-2008 selenium-rich paddy.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of breeding method of triticale best in quality, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) it is female parent with black 05-0391, is male parent with black wheat 12, carries out 5 fringe of sexual hybridization.Current year autumn sowing；
(2) second year mixing harvest F1 generation seed, autumn sowing F2 plant 5-10 row altogether；
(3) black seed list fringe is harvested third year, autumn sowing is F3 head progeny row；
The head progeny row that grain color is good without separation, performance consistency for black is selected within (4) the 4th years, every row harvests 10 single fringes, and interior is examined
Kind, every row retains 5-10 seed black, full single fringe, and current year autumn sowing is head progeny row group；
(5) the 4th year harvest time eliminated the heavier head progeny row group of separation, selected that neat and consistent, winter resistance, yielding ability be good, purple graininess
The head progeny row group of shape stable and consistent, 5-10 row mixing harvest, autumn sowing is ore grade indexes；
By field observation, survey production and indoor species test, strain is semi-winterness, winter resistance is strong, plant height 75-85cm, length within (6) the 5th years
Rectangular big fringe, seed cutin, atropurpureus, hardness is high, it is mass of 1000 kernel 41-43g meet breeding objective, in select garden.
2. the breeding method of triticale best in quality according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described in step (1)
Autumn sowing in row a length of 1.5-3.0m, line-spacing 25cm.
3. the breeding method of triticale best in quality according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described in step (2)
Row a length of 3-5m, line-spacing 25cm in autumn sowing.
4. the breeding method of triticale best in quality according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described in step (3)
Row a length of 1.5-3.0m, line-spacing 25cm in autumn sowing.
5. the breeding method of triticale best in quality according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：According to breeding demand,
Select the triticale kind for meeting demand.
6. a kind of cultural method of any triticale best in quality of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that including following
Step：
(1) culture fertility：Carry out straw-returning, culture fertility；Carry out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro- fertile compounding application；
(2) site preparation：First straw-returning one time after harvest corn, deep plough one time；Rotary tillage one time again, accomplishes Land leveling；
(3) it chooses seeds：Add 25~35kg of water with the different sulphur phosphorus 500g of methyl, dress seed 250~350kg, per acre with phoxim granule 2~
2.5kg, refinement soil 25kg, is spread on earth's surface, then ploughs；
(4) it sows：Middle areas in Shandong Province triticale suitable sowing date is October 1~10, and depth of planting is 3~5cm, and cropping pattern is wide cut essence
It broadcasts, 1.5 meters of furrow face, sows 6 row triticales；
(5) it irrigates：It is irrigated with fine-spraying belt sprinkling irrigation mode；
(6) it was managed before the winter：By the end of November to the overwintering water of biscuit fire in December, early spring keeps soil moisture content after year；The overwintering preceding tribenuron-methyl of triticale,
Weeds in field is prevented and kill off in mcpa sodium mixing；
(7) spring manages：The first rich water of spring is used in late March to early April, imposes urea 15,000 per acre in conjunction with watering
Gram；Mid-March to early April, spray Zhuang Feng An, Tianda-2116 plant growth regulator 1 time；
(8) final-period management：
The first tenday period of a month in May pour flowering grouting water；Boot stage mid-April and heading stage late April spray selenium；
In the first tenday period of a month May late April, insecticide, fungicide, foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulator mixing spray, primary every spray in 7 days,
Even spray 2-3 times；
Harvest is harvested and stored：According to hand harvest, then gathered in middle dough stage；When according to mechanical harvesting, then in full ripe stage
Harvesting；Triticale receipts beat dry it is rear it is aqueous less than 13% when harvest and store.
7. the cultural method of triticale best in quality according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In step (1), per acre
Apply pure N 14-16 kilogram, P2O57.5 kilograms, K27.5 kilograms of O, 1 kilogram of zinc sulfate, 1 kilogram of borax；Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc
Fertilizer and the bottom application of boron fertilizer whole, 50% bottom application of nitrogenous fertilizer, 50% spring impose.
8. the cultural method of triticale best in quality according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In step (8), spray
10~25g/hm2Sodium selenite or 560g/hm2Selenium yeast.
9. the cultural method of triticale best in quality according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In step (8), plant
Growth regulator is Cc and DAT-6.
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| CN113615513A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-09 | 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Rapid, efficient and low-cost triticale breeding method |
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