CN107018788B - A kind of cultural method for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel Download PDFInfo
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- CN107018788B CN107018788B CN201710372571.1A CN201710372571A CN107018788B CN 107018788 B CN107018788 B CN 107018788B CN 201710372571 A CN201710372571 A CN 201710372571A CN 107018788 B CN107018788 B CN 107018788B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, and the described method includes following step：(1) target plot is turned in selected target plot, and certain insulating space is reserved around the target plot；(2) base manure is imposed to the target plot after turning over；(3) region division is carried out to target plot, is divided into several sub- plot；(4) it is spaced at predetermined time intervals, the sowing of fresh edible maize is carried out in one piece of sub- plot；(5) in the corn pollination phase, whether judging pollination fully according to weather conditions, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out if insufficient；(6) corn harvesting is carried out in batches.In order to enhance fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, present inventor has carried out substantial amounts of trial, by different fertilization mode and dose, so as to be found that a kind of cultural method for improving fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel in Huang-Huai-Hai Shajiang black soil ground.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a kind of arable farming and farming technology, which can be to carrying
High agricultural performance, promotion agricultural economy are more preferable, quickly development has great importance.
Background technology
Fresh edible maize refers to corn of the edible part for immature young okra fruit grain, mainly including corn, waxy corn and
Bamboo shoot corn three categories type.Fresh edible maize is full of nutrition, and protein, amino acid, the content of vitamin and mineral element are above general
Logical corn, and with a variety of medicinal health care functions, often edible fresh edible maize can prevent obesity, reduces blood pressure and blood fat, also
It can prevent intestines problem and cancer, health-care effect is good.
Corn is the abbreviation of saccharoid type corn, is to be mutated by plain edition corn producer, through long-term isolation and selection
Into a corn subspecies (type).Sucrose, glucose, maltose, fructose and melitose contained by corn are all human bodies
The nutriment easily absorbed.Waxy corn is also known as glutinous corn.The seed of Waxy Maize sticks soft faint scent, thin skin without slag, content
It is more, contain more rich nutriment and better palatability than conventional corn.Bamboo shoot corn refer to pick just take out filigree and not
A kind of corn for the purpose of the young okra fruit fringe of fertilization.Bamboo shoot corn nourishment enriches, and protein content is higher, amino acid needed by human body ratio
It is a kind of low in calories, high-cellulose, the Good quality vegetables without cholesterol compared with balance.Bamboo shoot corn is currently used primarily in marinated bubble
Dish, fresh bamboo shoot quick-fried make can, adjust and mix salad romaine lettuce etc..
At present, in western developed country, fresh edible maize has formd one and has integrated cultivation, research and development and service direction
Huge enterprise system, year 1000000000 dollars of wound output value number.In recent years, fresh edible maize cultivated area in China's is with 31% annual growth
It is quick to increase, about 500~6,000,000 mu at present.With the increase of yield, fresh-keeping and cultivation technique requirement is also increasingly compeled
It cuts.However, China, as maize production big country, the wide in range words of fresh edible maize cultivation technical specification standard comparing do not embody really
Go out the importance of fresh edible maize cultivation and caused economic benefit.
And Anhui Province's wheat/corn planting area soil category Shajiang black soil, the type soil be as general as " drought, flood, it is stiff,
It is thin ", the corn planted is mainly used for feed or reprocessing, for this corn variety higher to quality requirements of fresh edible maize
For, the researchs such as Yao great Nian are thought, genotypic variation is more than environmental modification on most quality traits, but environmental modification is at some
Effect on quality trait is larger.Also, inventor on the ground, is also tested for many years in Shajiang black soil, and discovery is even adopted
It with the preferable fresh edible maize kind of quality characteristic, is planted using normal tillage method, mouthfeel and indices also can be by
To influence.The present inventor starches the feature of blackland for Anhui Province sand ginger, by different fertilization mode cultivating fresh edible corns, and
Starch, protein, lysine, the fatty equal size of each displaying corn variety seed are measured using near-infrared spectral analysis technology,
And then the quality and mouthfeel of fresh edible maize are improved, improve the economic benefit of fresh edible maize.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of implantation methods of fresh edible maize.
A kind of fresh edible maize cultural method provided by the present invention can adjust the quality and mouthfeel of fresh edible maize.The present invention
Involved fresh edible maize cultural method, suitable for Huang-Huai-Hai south sandy loess.The present invention is guarantee fresh edible maize
Edible quality when selection of land is planted, will strictly isolate with other type corn varieties, to avoid because mutually go here and there powder due to reduce product
Matter.The present invention is isolated in plantation using space every discrete time.Preferably the isolation of space.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of implantation methods for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, it is characterised in that：Institute
The method of stating comprises the following steps：
(1) target plot is turned in selected target plot, and certain insulating space is reserved around the target plot；
(2) base manure is imposed to the target plot after turning over；
(3) region division is carried out to target plot, is divided into several sub- plot；
(4) it is spaced at predetermined time intervals, the sowing of fresh edible maize is carried out in one piece of sub- plot；
(5) in the corn pollination phase, whether judging pollination fully according to weather conditions, if insufficient carrying out human assistance awards
Powder；
(6) corn harvesting is carried out in batches.
In a kind of preferred implementation, before planting, by the fungicide of predetermined amount and/or insecticide and corn seed
It is uniformly mixed.
In another preferred implementation, the described method includes in harvest time, pollinating for the fresh edible maize of spring sowing
It is harvested within 17~22 days, is harvested within 20~26 days after pollination in the sweet food corn that summer and autumn are broadcast afterwards.
In another preferred implementation, the method, which further includes, measures 5 centimetres of deep hypothermias, when low temperature reaches 10-
It is sowed at 12 degrees Celsius.
In another preferred implementation, the headspace is arbitrarily while extending outwardly from the target plot
300-400 meters.
In another preferred implementation, the target plot is in Shajiang black soil ground.
In another preferred implementation, the method be additionally included in area of isolation carry out non-corn crop plantation or
Carry out the plantation of poor phase of corn crop.
In another preferred implementation, the method is further included compared with traditional fertilization mode, carries out Application Ratio
Adjustment.
The present invention uses sufficient base manure, ploughs 20~30 centimetres in time after preceding crop harvest, uses sufficient base manure with reference to ploughing, generally
40 kilograms of 1000~1500 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 40~60 kilograms of composite fertilizer or corn fertilizer make base manure per acre.
In another optimal technical scheme of the present invention, planting density is selected according to kind and purposes.According to kind
Characteristic and sowing time generally in medium fertility soil, plant 3500~6000 plants/acre, and autumn sowing density, which is more than, sows in spring.Early cooked food
The planting density of kind is more than late variety.
Interval sowing in another kind precedence technique scheme of the invention.Sowed for 1 phase every 5 days or 10 days.Can sow in spring,
Summer sowing and autumn sowing, and early, middle and late ripe variety matching extend the market supply time.
Another kind optimal technical scheme of the invention is, in 7~9 leaf of corn, to impose 20 kilograms or so of urea per acre, as far as possible
Open cave deep placement.
In another optimal technical scheme, the method, which further includes, judges that planted corn variety belongs to corn, glutinous
Corn or bamboo shoot corn, if belonging to corn, in top dressing, used top dressing N, P, K ratio is 15:10:20, if belonging to
Then used top dressing N, P, K ratio in top dressing is 15 to waxy corn:20:10；If belonging to bamboo shoot corn, used in top dressing
Top dressing N, P, K ratio be 25:10:10.
Preferably, top dressing is carried out in the jointing stage, that is, is completed top dressing in 25~30 days after emerging, hereafter no longer carried out top dressing.
The invention mainly includes：
In terms of basic cultivation, the present invention is on the basis of improved seeds are selected, it is determined that plantation Suitable Density suitable is broadcast
Phase, suitable for seeding method and improve seeding quality, optimize field management technology premised on, it is proposed that with reference to fertilizer application method with
Establish the fresh edible maize technology path based on efficient group, Demonstration And Extension " selects to kind+Suitable Density+to use sufficient base manure+by stages
The Optimal Cultivation Techniques pattern of the in due course harvest of sowing+principle+pest and disease damage Unifying control of top dressing in time and supple-mentary pollination+".Pass through
Demonstration and training, hence it is evident that modern agriculture technology awareness and the fresh edible maize cultivation technique for improving local farmers are horizontal.
In addition, in order to enhance fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, present inventor has carried out substantial amounts of trial, by not
Same fertilization mode and dose, so as to invent a kind of raising fresh edible maize quality in Huang-Huai-Hai Shajiang black soil ground
With the cultural method of mouthfeel.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is harvest corn, stalk crushes flow diagram and corn straw smashing stubble-cleaning flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is the work of corn straw smashing returning and wheat rotary tillage ferti-seeding suppression of soil integration seeding method
Industry figure；
Fig. 3 is ploughed for wheat and broadcast and soil depth schematic diagram；
The design sketch that Fig. 4 is rotary tillage ditching ferti-seeding suppression of soil integrated machine insemination and emergence and strong sprout is grown；
Fig. 5 is split plot experiment diagram；
Fig. 6 is the measure of 210 sugar content of Anhui sweet tea.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, but not therefore by the protection model of the present invention
It encloses and is limited among the scope of embodiment description.
In conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and the experimental method in following embodiments is as without especially
Illustrate, be conventional method.
First, fresh edible maize is cultivated
Variety selection
The species of fresh edible maize is more and great variety of goods, to be eaten raw in plantation according to the autotelic selection plantation of different purposes
Corn variety.For example during for quick-frozen and canned sweet corn kernel processing, preferably select and strengthen corn or common Sweet corn variety,
For grain color into foresythia, pericarp is soft after the processing of sweet corn of both types, and sugariness was both can use when edible suitable for and with waxy
The oily salt cooking also can cold and dressed with sauce salad.The kind applied in production at present, corn have Anhui sweet tea 210, Guangdong sweet tea 16, green superman,
Wide sweet tea 5, Xin Meixiazhen etc., waxy corn have that Suyunuo No.5, Su Yu are No. 11 glutinous, capital section is glutinous 2000, wind is glutinous 2146, glutinous No. 5 of Anhui
Deng bamboo shoot corn variety You Jing sections bamboo shoot 116, Shandong bamboo shoot jade No.1 etc..The present invention selects Anhui sweet tea 210, Suyunuo No.5 in experiment in cultivation
Contrast experiment is carried out respectively with capital section 116 3 kinds of bamboo shoot.
Select soil
First, the plantation of fresh edible maize there are certain requirements planting site selection, and planting site preferably isolator or is partly isolated
Space.
This is because the sweet tea of fresh edible maize, glutinous gene belong to the cryptic mutant of Endosperm Traits.When Sweety and waxy corn and commonly
When corn or different types of fresh edible maize are mutually pollinated, Metaxenia can be generated, the contemporary seed tied is caused to lose
It is sweet tea, waxy, become conventional corn quality.Therefore, be ensure fresh edible maize edible quality, when selection of land is planted, with it is other
Type corn variety is strictly isolated, to avoid because mutually go here and there powder due to reduce quality.Partition method production on using space isolation and
Time isolates.Preferably the isolation of space.
(1) spaces isolate
It is required that other type corn varieties are not planted in the range of 300~400 meters of growing area periphery, if any forest, hummock
Etc. the natural cover for defenses, can suitably shorten isolation spacing.
(2) the times isolate
If space isolation cannot be carried out, the method for time isolation (staggering sowing time) should be taken to avoid and other kinds
Flower synchronization, the interval time in sowing time of 2 different type corn varieties is generally 20~30 days.As large area is planted in flakes
Corn can suitably reduce isolation standard.In short, two class zasiokaurins not to be made to meet as principle.
Due to fresh edible maize (particularly super-sweet corn) the general seed of seed compared with it is flat, grain is small, germination, talent arch soil are emerged than general
Logical corn seed is difficult, thus to select the soil is porous, fertile soil, the convenient plot of irrigation and drainage, fine site preparation.
Ploughing soil
20~30 centimetres are ploughed in time after preceding crop harvest, use sufficient base manure with reference to ploughing, generally organic fertilizer per acre
40 kilograms of 1000~1500 kilograms, 40~60 kilograms of composite fertilizer or corn fertilizer make base manure.Present inventor is by changing
Become fertilization mode, fertilization mode by original Dressing ratios 5:5 are adjusted to Dressing ratios 6:4, i.e., 60 jin of base manure, top dressing are applied per acre
40 jin, and top dressing is carried out in the jointing stage, that is, completes top dressing in 25~30 days after emerging, hereafter no longer top dressing.
Plantation
After ploughing soil and fertilising, the plantation of corn is carried out.
The planting density arrangement of fresh edible maize will not only consider high yield requirement, it is often more important that consider its commodity value.
Planting density is related with kind and purposes.According to breediness and sowing time, in medium fertility soil, plant with 3500~
6000 plants/acre are advisable, and spring sowing density wants smaller, and autumn sowing density will be more greatly.The planting density of early-maturing variety is more than late variety
Planting density.
It takes and waits line-spacings plantation, 80~40 centimetres of size rows plantations of 60 centimetres of line-spacing or progress, depending on spacing in the rows is with density.
Interval sowing
Plantation fresh edible maize mainly sells fresh and tender fruit ear or supply factory process tinned food on the market, this and plantation
Conventional corn is entirely different, meanwhile, it cannot be put long after fresh edible maize harvesting.Therefore, planting fresh edible maize will be according to the need in market
It measures and carries out interval sowing with the working ability of factory, order, generally sowed for 1 phase every 5 days or 10 days.Can sow in spring,
Summer sowing and autumn sowing, and early, middle and late ripe variety matching extend the market supply time.
Spring sowing requires 5 centimetres of ground temperature stabilizations more than 10 (waxy corn)~12 DEG C (corn) earliest.Covering with ground sheeting then carries
It sows within first 7~15 days.Alternatively, the measures such as presoaking and germinating or feeding block seedlings raising can also be used to sow ahead of time.
For such as Huanghuai Area, for example, Anhui Province can carry out mulching planting at the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months, can ahead of time on
City.As long as date of seeding, can guarantee that pustulation period temperature can be harvested normally in 18 DEG C or more, fresh fringe at the latest for autumn planting.Sowing is too early, soil
Temperature is low, and germination and emergence is slow, easily causes to be short of seedling for rotten kind.Per bunch planting kind 2~3, depth of planting is slightly more shallow than conventional corn, and general 3~4
Centimetre or so, timely earthing and fine smooth furrow face are answered after sowing.Rainy easily rotten kind of spring, the difficult emergence of Drought in Autumn.Sowing in spring will
Pay attention to dropping stain, autumn sowing will do a good job of it drought resisting.Furrow irrigation is taken, never flood irrigation, exclude field accumulated water after filling in time.
Field management
(1) thinnings, final singling：After emergence, seedling should be looked into time and filled the gaps with seedlings.The thinning when 3~4 leaves of seedling, when 5~6 leaves
Final singling.Between final singling principle be except it is big, except it is small, stay centre, ensure full field seedling uniformity.
(2) the timely top dressings of are on the basis of base manure is used sufficient, timely top dressing.Generally in 7~9 leaf of corn, urine is imposed per acre
20 kilograms or so of element, opens cave deep placement as far as possible.
(3) the row of filling, seedling stage of taking precautions against drought can suitably control water restraining the growth of seedlings in time, and soil moisture should be maintained at field capacity
60%~65%, after jointing, soil moisture should be maintained at the 75%~85% of field capacity.Meeting drought will water drought resisting in time.
Rainy season pays attention to ditch cleaning, excludes field accumulated water.
(4) under the general weather conditions of supple-mentary pollination, corn can spontaneous pollination it is solid, but in special climate condition, such as
In the case that continuous overcast and rainy or high temperature or plant growing way are weak, artificial supplementary pollination is needed.The artificial pollination time is generally in the morning 8:30
To 11:30 be Best Times.The cylinder that will pollinate gently is shaken against the filigree position that cuts off, be generally kept in 3 centimetres or so away from
From not touching filigree, strainer avoided to be stained with water, pollen conglomeration also can manually be beaten with bamboo pole or rope pulls plant
Top, to increase pollination amount.
(5) disease pest and weeds integrated control
The general cornfield weeding of control of weeds often selects the precious (soil of acetochlor ec (processing soil treatment agent), atrazine plus acetochlar, corn
Earth processing and cauline leaf process dual-purpose) etc., before seedling carries out soil treatment after broadcasting, and weeds after seedling can be handled, part is fresh with atrazine
It is sensitive to atrazine to eat corn, cauline leaf spraying can be carried out with nicosulfuron or 2 first, 4 chlorine sodium salt.
Harvest in due course
Determine that suitable picking time is extremely important for fresh edible maize.The quality of fresh edible maize taste and quality, production
The height of amount except having outside the Pass with selected kind, is also directly influenced be subject to picking time.It is in during the harvest corn of early spring sowing
In summer high temperature period, grain filling rate is fast, terminates in a fortnight it is necessary to paying attention to observing kernel grouting often in corn pollination
It is whether full, so as to timely collecting.In autumn low temperature period at a time when the harvest corn that summer and autumn are broadcast, grain filling rate is slow, harvest
Period can suitably be elongated.
(1) the picking time of corns
Corn is generally advisable in moisture content of kernels for 66%~71% (milk stage) harvesting, in production practices, corn
Harvest time its marketing quality and nutritional quality are influenced very big, cross early harvest, seed inclusion is less, and mouthfeel is not very good；
Too late, pericarp is hardened harvest, and dregs are more, and flavor reduces.The more difficult grasp of corn water content in harvest, and different cultivars, differently
There is also differences between point, different sowing dates.In the present invention, the corn picking time of spring sowing is selected in after pollination 17~22 days, summer and autumn
Being selected in 20~26 days for broadcasting harvests.If can early receive 1~2 day for the purpose of processed can；1 can be received in evening based on fresh fringe to sell
~2 days, 6 days or so picking time.In addition, sugar content declines rapidly after corn harvesting, therefore timely working process is wanted after harvesting.
(2) the picking time of waxy corns
Different kind the most suitable harvest dates have difference, are mainly determined by " food flavor ", be at milk heat end using fresh tes juice
Or early dough stage harvesting.Waxy inadequate, the fresh fragrant and sweet taste of too late harvesting shortage, the only ability in the most suitable harvest date harvesting are harvested too early
Show few tender seed, thin skin, dregs, savory sweet tea, in good taste.General pustulation period temperature of sowing in spring at 30 DEG C or so, picking time with
It is advisable within 20~25 days after pollination, 20 DEG C or so of autumn sowing pustulation period temperature, picking time to be advisable after pollinating for 25~30 days.
(3) the picking time of bamboo shoot corn
Bamboo shoot corn-as multi-spike-type sweet-waxy maizes, effective fringe 3~6, it is therefore necessary to harvest by stages.Harvesting it is suitable when
Phase, just having gone out 1~2 centimetre of bract with the filigree of corn ear is advisable.Since being pushed up fringe ,-secondary bamboo shoot were adopted every 1~2 day, 7~10 days
Inside adopt.Adopting bamboo shoot must be timely, accomplishes stopped by neither wind or rain.When young corn harvests, it should be noted that adopt down bract simultaneously, prevent fringe bud from turning round
It is curved, shredded bamboo shoot is caused to fracture in bract.When going bract, filigree should be removed after bract has shelled since stem.Plant example and
Mouthfeel is examined
The plantation that applicant carries out at Mengcheng County Ministry of Agriculture East China Crop cultivation observation experiment station is described below
Experiment.Respectively choose three pieces of diverse geographic locations experimental field, wherein every piece of experimental field area be about it is 20 meters long it is x35 meters wide=
750m2(one mu of conjunction 667m2), split plot experiment as shown in Figure 5 is carried out, tri- cell modes according to the invention of A, B, C are applied fertilizer,
D, tri- cells of E, F are used as spacing distance 1-2 meters of control, test block and check plot using conventional fertilizer application mode；Between per cell
Spacing distance is 1 meter；Wherein each cell sows 25 rows, and line-spacing is 0.6 meter, and spacing in the rows is 0.25 meter (4500 plants per acre), for examination
Kind is respectively 116 3 Anhui sweet tea 210, Suyunuo No.5 and Jing Ke bamboo shoot kinds, 4500 plants/acre of thickness of sowing.It has been found that
There are many factors that mouthfeel is influenced between the fresh edible maize of different cultivars, and the factor being affected with Shi Zeshi of chemical fertilizer it
One.Applicant has summarized the experience a kind of rational chemical fertilizer with applying for the corn of above-mentioned different cultivars by field experiment and cultivation
Ways and means, and then the mouthfeel and quality of fresh edible maize can be improved.Applicant combines new planting patterns with compareing below
The comparison example of traditional planting patterns come illustrate the present invention cultural method.
Example 1
Sweet tea 210 corn variety in Anhui is planted in first piece of experimental plot, non-corn variety is around planted and is excluded as isolation
Hybridize disturbing factor, (Dressing ratios are adjusted to 6 to tri- cells of A, B, C on the basis of base fertilizer is used sufficient:4), imposed in its jointing stage
N, 40 pounds/acre of P, K composite fertilizer, and by original Application Ratio 15:15:15 are adjusted to 15:10:20；D, tri- cells of E, F are still
According to 15:15:15 carry out fertilising as control.
Male to taking out after hero in l0d to taking out in 210 corn growth of Anhui sweet tea, the present invention uses 2.5% biphosphate of foliage-spray
20 kilograms of potassium solution, and supplement 20 kilograms of 1% urea.It is separately sampled in grain filling period, the sugar content in determination sample seed,
And the sample quality (result below figure) of two processing cells of control and adjustment fertilising is measured using near-infrared spectral analysis technology.
1 Anhui sweet tea of table, 210 corn quality measurement result table
The experimental results showed that the fertilization mode after adjustment can increase substantially prematurity sugar content, improve palatability.
Nutrition content in corn seed can be improved by increasing potash fertilizer in right amount.While yield is improved, add sugared, bad in seed
Propylhomoserin, Oil content and Protein content reduce content of starch, improve nutritive value, improve processing quality, marketing quality and fit
Mouth property.
Example 2
Suyunuo No.5 corn variety is planted in second piece of experimental plot, non-corn variety is around planted and is arranged as isolation
Except hybridization disturbing factor, tri- cells of A, B, C on the basis of base fertilizer is used sufficient, imposed in its jointing stage 40 jin of N, P, K composite fertilizer/
Mu, and by original Application Ratio 15:15:15 are adjusted to 15:20:10；D, tri- cell Application Ratios 15 of E, F:15:15 conducts
Control.
According to national region testing program, it is desirable that suitable collection period is 23~26 days after corn pollination, therefore samples the same day,
It is required that 7 points or so of morning samples to corn experimental field, the grab sample as much as possible in a cell, each kind harvests 10
Sample fruit ear, the fresh tes juice of the band bract of harvesting are immediately placed in the antistaling box for filling ice cube, send laboratory back in time, in case into
Row sample treatment and trial test are evaluated.To ensure the accuracy of experiment process result, compare with the fruit ear of fertilizer treatment individually
Boiling that is, the fruit ear cold water of boiling is wanted to be put into pot (water covering corn about 2cm) heating, is dragged for for 12~15 points after boiling water
Go out.
Although the quality of waxy corn quality and mouthfeel is determined by kind self character, outside final food flavor and commodity
See or to lean on trial test, the observation identification of people to evaluate.Therefore the present inventor has invited the veteran teacher's conduct of our unit
Expert group, while by the use of school Superior selection postgraduate as ordinary consumer and expert group's identified in parallel as a result, as expert
The supplement of evaluation result and reference.Each member that unit expert group and postgraduate organize first is tasted into evaluation score value to each kind
Merge, obtain each kind overall score, by compared with, seeing whether exist to different expert estimation table analysises during summarized results
Notable difference if kind scoring (or grade) differs greatly, may be referred to the marking of postgraduate's group as a result, again by taking sample
Taste further verification.In recent years practice have shown that, between specialist crew, evaluation result basic one between expert group and postgraduate's group
It causes.
2 Huang-Huai-Hai fresh edible maize test variety quality evaluation grade of table
3 2016 years test variety Suyunuo No.5 corns of table foretaste evaluation result
4 Suyunuo No.5 corn quality of table measures
Experimental result is shown, for Suyunuo No.5, the application of phosphate fertilizer directly improves the mouthfeel and quality of corn,
Potash fertilizer cannot be promoted instead Suyunuo No.5 quality (applicant has carried out similar experiment using different nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer ratio,
It was found that there was only quality best results of the ratio in this example to promotion Suyunuo No.5).Increasing the p application rate, Suyunuo No.5 corn product
Kind mouthfeel is better than control, and protein, starch and sugared content significantly improve in corn kernel.Data is shown according to the study, is increased
Phosphate fertilizer greatly improves lysine and tryptophane in Suyunuo No.5, and improves the ratio of protein and carbohydrate.
Compared with compareing (conventional fertilizer application mode), the amount of lysine and color nitronic acid contained by protein is respectively increased 20.6% in l00g seeds
With 23.3%.Increasing the p application rate makes corn kernel protein content improve 6.7%~15.0%.Increasing the p application rate can also improve jade
Rice seed oil content, under the conditions of phosphorus is lacked, per hectare applies phosphorus 20kg, and grain oil content improves 30% than control.
Example 3
116 corn variety of capital section bamboo shoot is planted in the 3rd piece of experimental plot, non-corn variety is around planted and is arranged as isolation
Except hybridization disturbing factor, tri- cells of A, B, C on the basis of base fertilizer is used sufficient, imposed in its jointing stage 40 jin of N, P, K composite fertilizer/
Mu, and by original Application Ratio 15:15:15 are adjusted to 25:10:10；D, tri- cell Application Ratios 15 of E, F:15:15 conducts
Control.It is separately sampled in seed not yet shaping age, using near-infrared spectrum technique come the quality of determination sample.
5 capital section bamboo shoot of table, 116 corn quality measures
Contents of Amino Acids (milligram/100 gram) in 6 capital section bamboo shoot of table, 116 corn
The present invention drawn by contrast experiment, lift-augmented mechanism substantially make in 116 kind of fresh edible maize capital section bamboo shoot tyrosine and
Content of glutamic acid is significantly raised.Lift-augmented mechanism reduces content of starch while corn kernel protein content is improved, because
There is more photosynthate to be converted into protein and lipid material, and lift-augmented mechanism can be such that corn kernel fat content substantially carries
It is high.During per hectare amount of nitrogen 450kg, the fatty amount of seed improves 11.6% than control (conventional fertilizer application mode), in addition, appropriate increase
Nitrogen fertilizer application can also improve the unit weight of 116 corn kernel of capital section bamboo shoot, so as to improve the marketing quality of corn.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer compounding application more effectively improve corn quality and mouthfeel, and can improve corn yield.Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, potash fertilizer compounding application can significantly improve grain protein content, and the reasonably combined fertilising of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer can make total amino acid content
And essential amino acids content improves.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compounding application have for improving grain weight, embryo weight, grain, idiosome product and embryo grain ratio
Good action, and the oil content of high oil corn is greatly improved.
Although the principle of the present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, this field skill
Art personnel are it should be understood that above-described embodiment is only the explanation to the exemplary implementation of the present invention, not to present invention guarantor
Protect the restriction of scope.Details in embodiment is simultaneously not meant to limit the scope of the invention, in the spirit without departing substantially from the present invention and
In the case of scope, any equivalent transformation based on technical solution of the present invention, simple replacement etc. obviously change, and all fall within
Within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultural method for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, the corn variety are Suyunuo No.5, feature exists
In：The described method includes following step：
（1）Target plot is turned in selected target plot, wherein, institute's selected target plot growing area periphery 300~
Other type corn varieties, interval sowing are not planted in the range of 400 meters；
（2）Base manure is imposed to the target plot after turning over, wherein, Dressing ratios are adjusted to 6:4；
（3）Region division is carried out to target plot, is divided into several sub- plot；
（4）It is spaced at predetermined time intervals, carries out the sowing of fresh edible maize in one piece of sub- plot, top dressing is carried out in the jointing stage, at it
Jointing stage imposes 40 pounds/acre of N, P, K composite fertilizer, and the Application Ratio of N, P, K are adjusted to 15:20:10；
（5）In the corn pollination phase, whether judging pollination fully according to weather conditions, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out if insufficient；
（6）Corn harvesting is carried out in batches,
The method further includes, and before planting, the fungicide of predetermined amount and/or insecticide are uniformly mixed with corn seed,
In harvest time, harvest within 17~22 days after pollination for the fresh edible maize of spring sowing, pollinating in the sweet food corn that summer and autumn are broadcast
It harvests within 20~26 days afterwards.
2. the cultural method according to claim 1 for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, which is characterized in that the method
It further includes and measures 5 centimetres of deep hypothermias, sowed when low temperature reaches 10-12 degrees Celsius.
3. the cultural method according to claim 1 for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, which is characterized in that described reserved
Space is arbitrarily while extending outwardly 300-400 meters from the target plot.
4. the cultural method according to claim 1 for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, which is characterized in that the target
Plot is in Shajiang black soil ground.
5. the cultural method according to claim 1 for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, which is characterized in that the method
Area of isolation is additionally included in carry out non-corn crop plantation or carry out the plantation of poor phase of corn crop.
6. the cultural method according to claim 1 for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel, which is characterized in that the method
Further include the adjustment that Application Ratio is carried out compared with traditional fertilization mode.
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| CN105706676A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-29 | 徐州斌硕农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting sweet corn |
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| CN105794468A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-27 | 泰兴市农业科学研究所 | Planting method for fresh sweet corn |
| CN106234001A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-21 | 西双版纳伟龙农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods improving Ku Pula sweet corn sugariness |
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