CN114731912A - Cultivation method for achieving high yield, quality improvement and synergistic cooperation of strong gluten wheat - Google Patents
Cultivation method for achieving high yield, quality improvement and synergistic cooperation of strong gluten wheat Download PDFInfo
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
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- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat cultivation, and discloses a cultivation method for high yield, quality improvement and synergistic synergy of strong gluten wheat, wherein a variety is selected, wide sowing and close planting are combined during sowing, and pressing is carried out after sowing; the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 240-270kg/hm2Meanwhile, 45-75kg of sulfur fertilizer is applied once per hectare before sowing; applying nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer before sowing, applying nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing again in spring, wherein the top dressing period is jointing period; applying potassium by stages: applying potassium in a base dressing ratio of 5:5 in the whole growth period of the wheat, and applying the potassium in two times before sowing and in a jointing stage; optimizing irrigation and controlling water after flowers: and 2, filling water in a jointing stage and a heading-heading stage. Compared with the traditional farmer habit mode, the reasonable cultivation technical mode with the synergy of yield enhancement, quality improvement and efficiency improvement is constructed, the yield of strong gluten wheat, the utilization efficiency and the quality of nitrogen are obviously improved, meanwhile, the investment of moisture and nitrogen fertilizer is saved, the production cost of the farmer is reduced, and the economic benefit of the farmer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for high yield, quality improvement and synergistic synergism of strong gluten wheat.
Background
The strong gluten wheat is an important raw material for making high-quality bread and also an important flour source for processing staple foods such as noodles, instant noodles, steamed bread and the like. The demand for high quality strong gluten wheat is increasing. But the problem of difficult cooperation among quality, yield and resource utilization efficiency exists in the production, the quality stability is poor, the water and fertilizer resource utilization efficiency is low, the investment is large, the cost is high, and the sustainable development of the strong gluten wheat industry is limited.
The yield, the grain quality and the fertilizer utilization rate of wheat are not only influenced by the genotype, but also have close relation with ecological environment conditions and agronomic cultivation measures. In the cultivation measures, planting density, fertilizer, moisture and the like are important factors influencing growth and development of wheat, yield, absorption and utilization of nitrogen and quality. The density is one of important cultivation measures which influence the high yield, high efficiency and high quality of the wheat, the planting density is small, the formation of a group is not facilitated, the waste of land, fertilizer, moisture and photo-thermal resources is caused, particularly, the construction of a yield group is not facilitated for a variety with weak tillering capability, and the yield of grains is finally reduced; too high planting density can aggravate competition among groups and individuals, cause lodging and premature senility problems, and is not favorable for high yield.
Reasonable application of the fertilizer can improve the quality while increasing the yield. However, the fertilizer yield increasing effect is reduced; meanwhile, the chemical nitrogen fertilizer is easy to volatilize, denitrify and eluviate after being applied into soil, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is not high; finally, the problems of excessive application of the fertilizer, light vision of the potash fertilizer and the sulfur fertilizer and the like are not beneficial to improving the quality of the strong gluten wheat.
The irrigation operation can effectively regulate and control the nitrogen metabolism of the wheat, reduce the irrigation amount, reduce the absorption amount of the nitrogen of the wheat, promote the nitrogen accumulated by nutrient organs to transfer to grains, improve the yield of the grains and improve the quality of the strong gluten wheat. However, the phenomenon of irrigating the starch water at the later growth stage of the wheat in Huang-Huai and North wheat areas is very common at present, the later-stage irrigation is not beneficial to the production of the wheat, particularly, under the condition of high-yield cultivation, the risk of lodging of the wheat is increased by too late irrigation, the lodging causes colony blockage, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are deteriorated, the production capacity and the transport capacity of plant photosynthetic substances are reduced, the yield and the quality of the wheat are reduced, and the production cost is increased.
Therefore, measures such as density, fertilizer, water and the like in the cultivation mode used by farmers are improved, and a reasonable cultivation technical mode with the high yield, the quality improvement, the synergy and the synergy of strong gluten wheat is constructed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method for high yield, quality improvement and synergistic synergism of strong gluten wheat. The cultivation method provided by the invention is suitable for the production of strong gluten wheat in high-fertility plots in east Huang-Huai-Chi region, and can reduce environmental pollution, ecological cost and production cost and realize the synergistic improvement of ecological benefit and economic benefit while realizing the synergistic improvement of the yield, quality and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of strong gluten wheat.
The invention is realized in such a way that a cultivation method for realizing the high yield, quality improvement and synergistic cooperation of strong gluten wheat comprises the following steps: selecting a proper variety, carrying out wide-width close planting, nitrogen and sulfur distribution, nitrogen topdressing backward shift, applying potassium by stages, and optimizing irrigation and controlling water after flowers;
further, the selection of suitable varieties: selecting high-quality strong gluten wheat variety suitable for regional planting, such as Shi Luan 02-1, Gao you 5766, Zhou Yuan 9369 and Taishan 27.
Further, wide-width close planting: the combination of 'wide sowing and reasonable close planting' is emphasized during sowing. Changing the conventional drilling (the width of a seedling belt is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 22-23cm) to wide-width seeding (the width of the seedling belt is 8-10cm, the row spacing is 27-28cm) which is used by farmers to promote the uniform distribution of plants so as to expand the capacity and increase the ears; and uniformly pressing after sowing. Meanwhile, the reasonable close planting is combined with the variety characteristics, the seeding density is about 225 ten thousand per hectare which is accustomed to farmers, the planting density of large spike type varieties is increased to 375 ten thousand per hectare, the planting density of medium spike type varieties is increased to 240 one thousand per hectare, the reasonable close planting promotes the rooting and the rooting, and the nutrient and water absorption capacity of plants is improved;
further, nitrogen and sulfur distribution: the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 315kg/hm from 285-2Reduced to 240-270kg/hm (calculated by pure nitrogen)2Meanwhile, 45-75kg of sulfur fertilizer (counted by sulfur) is applied once per hectare before sowing;
further, nitrogen chasing is carried out backwards: generally, partial nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing as base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is applied again in spring as top dressing, the nitrogen fertilizer base top dressing is changed from 5:5 to 4:6 or 3:7, and the top dressing period is changed from the green turning-up period to the jointing period;
further, potassium is applied in stages: the potassium application amount of the wheat in the whole growth period is 90-120kg/hm2(with K)2O) is calculated), the one-time application before sowing is changed into a base-topdressing ratio of 5:5, and the two-time application is carried out before sowing and in the jointing stage;
further, optimizing irrigation and controlling water after flowers: irrigating for 4 times from the wintering period, the green turning period, the booting period and the grouting period which are habituated by farmers, and irrigating for 450m each time3/hm2Changing into 2 water in the jointing stage and the heading-spike equalizing stage, adopting micro-sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, upright rod type sprinkling irrigation, buried sprinkling irrigation, self-propelled sprinkling irrigation and the like to carry out water-saving irrigation, wherein 405 + 450m water is irrigated each time3/hm2(ii) a After sowing, if the soil moisture content is poor, the fertilizer can be sprayed to 225-3/hm2Ensuring that the whole seedling is sown once. After flowers are bloomed, the flowers are kept in moderate deficit, and water is not irrigated as much as possible, so that the protein quality is not influenced by the reduction of the polymerization degree of the gluten.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the yield, the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and the quality of the strong gluten wheat in the east Huang-Huai region are synergistically improved: the wheat reaches the national standard of high-quality strong gluten wheat, the yield is improved by 7.2 percent, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 10.1 percent;
2. saving the production cost of farmers and improving the economic benefit: saving 1.0-4.7kg nitrogen and 40-51m water3The cost is saved and the income is increased by 128 plus 156 yuan per mu, thereby effectively promoting the industrial development of high-quality strong gluten wheat in Huanghuai wheat areas.
The invention constructs a cultivation technical mode for high yield, quality improvement and efficiency improvement of strong gluten wheat.
The traditional mode is as follows: the sowing mode is conventional drill sowing (the width of a seedling zone is 2-3cm, the row spacing is 22-23cm), and the density: planning the basic seedling number of 180-; nitrogen application amount: the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 315kg/hm from 285-2(as pure nitrogen); nitrogen fertilizer base topdressing ratio and topdressing period: generally, partial nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing as base fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied again in spring as additional fertilizer, wherein the base additional fertilizer ratio is 5:5, and the additional fertilizer is applied in the green turning-rising period; the using amount of the potassium fertilizer is as follows: 90-120kg/hm2(with K)2O meter), applying the fertilizer once before sowing; and (3) irrigation: 4 times of irrigation are carried out in the wintering period, the green turning period, the booting period and the grouting period, and 450m of water is irrigated each time3/hm2。
After optimization, namely the yield-increasing, quality-improving and efficiency-increasing mode of the invention, proper varieties are selected: selecting disease-resistant, high-yield, lodging-resistant and high-quality varieties suitable for regional planting, such as Shi Luan 02-1, Gao you 5766, Zhongyuan 9369 and Taishan 27; wide-width close planting: the combination of 'wide sowing and reasonable close planting' is emphasized during sowing. Sowing in a wide range (the width of a seedling belt is 8-10cm, the row spacing is 27-28cm), promoting the uniform distribution of plants, and expanding the volume and increasing the spikes; and uniformly pressing after sowing. Meanwhile, reasonable close planting is carried out by combining the species characteristics, the planting density of the large-spike type species with the seeding density is increased to 375-; nitrogen and sulfur preparation: the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced to 240-270kg/hm2Meanwhile, 45-75kg of sulfur fertilizer (counted by sulfur) is applied once per hectare before sowing; nitrogen chasing backward shift: generally, partial nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing as base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is applied again in spring as top dressing, the base top dressing ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is changed to 4:6 or 3:7, and the top dressing period is changed to jointing period; applying potassium by stages: the potassium application amount of the wheat in the whole growth period is 90-120kg/hm2(with K)2O) is added, the ratio is changed to a base-to-catch ratio of 5:5Applying the fertilizer twice before seeding and in the jointing stage; optimizing irrigation and controlling water after flowers: changing the irrigation mode into 2 water in the jointing stage and the heading-spike aligning stage, adopting micro-sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, upright rod type sprinkling irrigation, buried type sprinkling irrigation, self-propelled type sprinkling irrigation and the like to carry out water-saving irrigation, wherein 405 + 450m water is irrigated each time3/hm2(ii) a After sowing, if the soil moisture content is poor, the fertilizer can be sprayed to 225-3/hm2Ensuring that the whole seedling is sown once. After flowers are bloomed, the flowers are kept in moderate deficit, and water is not irrigated as much as possible, so that the protein quality is not influenced by the reduction of the polymerization degree of the gluten.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cultivation method for high yield, quality improvement and synergistic interaction of strong gluten wheat provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of the planting pattern on the yield of the strong gluten wheat continent 9369 provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the planting mode on the wet gluten content of the strong gluten wheat continent 9369 provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of planting patterns on the dough formation time of the strong gluten wheat continent 9369 provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the planting pattern provided by the present invention on the dough settling time of the strong gluten wheat continent 9369.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the planting pattern on the volume of the strong gluten wheat continent 9369 bread according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an influence of a planting pattern on nitrogen utilization of the zhou yuan 9369 of strong gluten wheat according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the planting pattern provided by the embodiment of the present invention on the nitrogen fertilizer bias production of the strong gluten wheat continent 9369.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method for strengthening the yield, improving the quality and synergically combining the strong gluten wheat, and the invention is described in detail by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the cultivation method for high yield, quality improvement and synergistic interaction of strong gluten wheat provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: selecting a suitable variety;
s102: wide-width close planting;
s103: nitrogen and sulfur are applied in a matching way;
s104: 3, nitrogen chasing backward;
s105: applying potassium by stages;
s106: optimizing irrigation;
s107: and controlling water after the flowers are bloomed.
Further, the selection of suitable varieties: the strong gluten wheat varieties which are suitable for regional planting and have disease resistance, high yield, lodging resistance and high quality are selected, such as the teacher Luan 02-1, the Gaoyou 5766, the Yuanyuan 9369, the Taishan 27 and the like, the selected varieties are all varieties approved by the national variety governing department and are sold in a commercialized way, and the varieties can be bought in the agricultural material market and are not breeding materials.
Further, wide-width close planting: the seeding process focuses on the combination of 'wide seeding and reasonable close planting'. Changing the conventional drill seeding (the width of a seedling zone is 2-3cm, and the row spacing is 22-23cm) of peasant habit into wide-width seeding (the width of the seedling zone is 8-10cm, and the row spacing is 27-28cm), promoting the uniform distribution of plants, and expanding the volume and increasing the ears; and uniformly pressing after sowing. Meanwhile, reasonable close planting is carried out by combining with the variety characteristics, the seeding density is about 180-plus-one 225 ten thousand per hectare habitually used by farmers, the planting density of large-spike varieties is increased to 375-plus-one 405 ten thousand per hectare, the planting density of medium-multiple-spike varieties is increased to 240-plus-one 270 ten thousand per hectare, reasonable close planting is carried out to promote rooting and rooting, and the nutrient and water absorption capacity of plants is improved;
further, nitrogen and sulfur distribution: the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 315kg/hm from 285-2Reduced to 270kg/hm (calculated by pure nitrogen)2Meanwhile, 45-75kg of sulfur fertilizer (counted by sulfur) is applied once per hectare before sowing;
further, nitrogen chase was moved backward: generally, partial nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing as base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is applied again in spring as top dressing, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer base to the top dressing is changed from 5:5 to 4:6 or 3:7, and the top dressing period is changed from the green turning-up period to the jointing period;
further, potassium is applied in stages: the potassium application amount of the wheat in the whole growth period is 90-120kg/hm2(with K)2O) is calculated), the one-time application before sowing is changed into a base-topdressing ratio of 5:5, and the two-time application is carried out before sowing and in the jointing stage;
further, optimizing irrigation and controlling water after flowers: irrigating for 4 times from the wintering period, the green turning period, the booting period and the grouting period which are habituated by farmers, and irrigating for 450m each time3/hm2Changing into 2 water in the jointing stage and the heading-spike equalizing stage, adopting micro-sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, upright rod type sprinkling irrigation, buried sprinkling irrigation, self-propelled sprinkling irrigation and the like to carry out water-saving irrigation, wherein 405 + 450m water is irrigated each time3/hm2(ii) a After sowing, if the soil moisture content is poor, the fertilizer can be sprayed to 225-3/hm2Ensuring that the whole seedling is sown once. After flowers are bloomed, the flowers are kept in moderate deficit, and water is not irrigated as much as possible, so that the protein quality is not influenced by the reduction of the polymerization degree of the gluten.
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to experiments.
1 materials and methods
1.1 design of the experiment
The invention selects strong gluten wheat zhongyuan 9369 (a large ear variety, which can be purchased from local agricultural companies) as a test material, and develops in Taian city fat cities, Dayue areas, Weifang city han pavilion areas and Wen Shangxi county in Jining city in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 wheat growing seasons. The test points are typical temperate zone monsoon climate in the same period of rain and heat, the test field is wheat-corn rotation, and scientific cultivation management with the culture field is carried out. Each test point of the invention is provided with 2 planting modes,respectively an M1 mode which is used by local farmers and a yield-improving and efficiency-increasing mode M2 which optimizes density, fertilizer, irrigation and the like. Each point is repeated for 3 times, and the areas of the cells in fat cities, Dayue areas, Hantai areas and Wenshang county are 440m2、180m2、300m2、450m2。
The specific cultivation measures of the M1 and M2 planting patterns are as follows:
m1 planting mode:
adopting a conventional drilling seeding mode, wherein the basic seedling number is 225 ten thousand per hectare; the amount of the applied pure nitrogen fertilizer is 285kg/hm2Phosphate fertilizer (P)2O5)105kg/hm2Potash fertilizer (K)2O)120kg/hm2. Wherein, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and 50 percent of nitrogen fertilizer are applied together before sowing, and the rest 50 percent of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the green turning period. 4 times of irrigation are carried out in the wintering period, the green turning period, the booting period and the grouting period, and 450m of water is irrigated each time3/hm2And spray irrigation 225m after sowing3/ hm2Ensuring that the whole seedling is sown once.
M2 planting mode:
adopting a wide-range sowing mode, wherein the basic seedling number is 405 ten thousand per hectare; the amount of pure nitrogen fertilizer applied is 240 kg/hm2P, P-phosphate fertilizer2O5 105kg/hm2Potash fertilizer K2O 120kg/hm267.5kg/hm of sulfur fertilizer2. Wherein, before sowing, the phosphate fertilizer, the sulfur fertilizer, the 50 percent potassium fertilizer and the 40 percent nitrogen fertilizer are applied together, and the rest 50 percent potassium fertilizer and 60 percent nitrogen fertilizer are applied in a topdressing way in an elongation stage; adopting micro-sprinkling irrigation to carry out water-saving irrigation in the jointing stage and heading-heading stage, wherein the irrigation time is 450m each time3/hm2(ii) a Post-sowing spray irrigation 225m3/hm2Ensuring that the whole seedlings are sowed at one time.
1.2 measurement indexes and methods
1.2.1 determination of wheat yield and yield-constituting factors
Selecting a sample point with uniform wheat growth vigor of 4m in the mature period of the wheat2Harvesting the wheat ears, threshing, air drying, weighing, calculating the final yield, converting the final yield into the standard yield with the water content of the grains being 13%, and sampling in a sample for measuring the grain weight.
1.2.2 Nitrogen utilization efficiency and related index calculation
Nitrogen utilization (NUE, kg/kg) is the yield of kernel (kg/hm)2) Supplying nitrogen (supplying nitrogen + applying nitrogen in soil; kg/hm2)。
Yield (kg/hm) of crops after nitrogen fertilizer application2) N fertilizer input (kg/hm)2)。
1.2.3 measurement of grain-related quality index
Quality indexes such as wet gluten content, dough forming time, dough stabilizing time, bread volume and the like are measured by adopting a test measuring method.
1.3 data processing
The test adopts Word 2010 and SigmaPlut 12.5 software for drawing, Excel 2010 and DPS 7.05 data analysis software for data analysis, and a least square method (LSD method) for inter-processing difference significance test, wherein the judgment standard P is less than 0.05.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of planting Pattern on Yuan 9369 yield of Strong gluten wheat
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the influence of the planting pattern on the yield of the Zhongjin wheat Yuanyuan 9369 is different from one another in places. In 2017-2018, compared with the M1 mode, the yield of the M2 mode is respectively improved by 377.67kg/hm at Daisei, Hanting and Wenshang points2、1196.33kg/hm2、491.57kg/hm2The amplification is respectively 5.21%, 20.57% and 8.37%; there was no significant difference at the fat city point. In 2018-2019, compared with the M1 mode, the yield of the M2 mode is respectively improved by 675.6kg/hm at Daisei, Hanting and Wenshang points2、791.7kg/hm2、368.31kg/hm2The amplification degrees are respectively 8.02%, 11.14% and 4.54%; there was no significant difference at the fat city point.
2.2 Effect of planting mode on quality of Zhongjin wheat Yuan 9369
2.2.1 Effect of planting mode on Zhou Yuan 9369 of strong gluten wheat on content of wet gluten
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the influence of the planting pattern on the wet gluten content of the Zhongjin wheat Yuan 9369 is different from place to place. In 2017-2018, compared with the M1 mode, the wet gluten content of the M2 mode is increased by 2.47% in the Wenshang and the increase is 6.72%; there is no obvious difference in fat city, Dayue and Hanting pavilion. In 2018-2019, compared with the M1 mode, the wet gluten content of the M2 mode has no significant difference in fat city, Daisei, Hanting and Wenshang.
2.2.2 Effect of planting Pattern on dough formation time of Strong gluten wheat Yuan 9369 dough
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the effect of the planting pattern on the dough formation time of the strong gluten wheat continent 9369 is not different from place to place. In 2017-2018, compared with the M1 model, the dough forming time of the M2 model has no significant difference in Feicheng, Daisei, Hanting and Wenshang. In 2018-2019, compared with the M1 model, the dough forming time of the M2 model has no significant difference in Feicheng, Daisei, Hanting and Wenshang.
2.2.3 Effect of planting Pattern on dough stabilization time of Strong gluten wheat Yuan 9369 dough
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the effect of the planting pattern on the dough stability time of the Zhongjin wheat Yuanyuan 9369 is not different from place to place. In 2017-2018, compared with the M1 model, the dough stability time in the M2 model is not significantly different in Feicheng, Daisei, Hanting and Wenshang. In 2018-2019, compared with the M1 model, the dough stability time in the M2 model is not significantly different in Feicheng, Daisei, Hanting and Wenshang.
2.2.4 Effect of planting Pattern on Zhongjin wheat Zhongyuan 9369 bread volume
As can be seen from fig. 6, the effect of the planting pattern on the volume of the strong gluten wheat yuan 9369 bread varied from place to place. In 2017-2018, compared with the M1 mode, the volume of the bread in the M2 mode is respectively increased by 67.5ml and 45ml in Daisey and Wenshang, and the increase is respectively 8.82% and 5.59%; has no obvious difference in fat city and cold pavilion. In 2018-2019, compared with the M1 mode, the volume of the bread in the M2 mode is respectively increased by 69.16ml and 42.87ml in the Feicheng and Wenshang, and the increase is respectively 8.99% and 5.44%; there is no obvious difference in both Dayue and Han pavilion.
2.3 Effect of planting mode on Nitrogen utilization efficiency of Zhongjin wheat Yuan 9369
2.3.1 Effect of planting mode on Zhou Yuan 9369 of strong gluten wheat on nitrogen utilization rate
As can be seen from FIG. 7, the influence of the planting pattern on the Nitrogen Utilization (NUE) of the Zhongjin wheat Yuan 9369 is different from one another in places. In 2017-2018, compared with the M1 mode, the nitrogen utilization rate (NUE) of the M2 mode is respectively increased by 0.52kg/kg, 0.84kg/kg, 2.48kg/kg and 1.45 kg/kg in Feicheng, Dayue, Hanting and Wenshang, and the increase is respectively 3.30%, 5.22%, 20.55% and 11.91%. In 2018-2019, compared with the M1 mode, the nitrogen utilization rate (NUE) of the M2 mode is respectively increased by 0.77kg/kg, 2.24kg/kg, 2.07kg/kg and 1.51kg/kg in Feicheng, Dayue, Hanting and Wenshang, and the increase is respectively 4.42%, 12.27%, 14.13% and 9.08%.
2.3.2 Effect of planting mode on Zhou Yuan 9369 of strong gluten wheat on the productivity of nitrogen fertilizer
As can be seen from FIG. 8, the influence of the planting pattern on the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (PFP) of the Zhongjin wheat Yuan 9369 varies from place to place. In 2017-2018, compared with the M1 mode, the partial productivity (PFP) of the nitrogen fertilizer in the M2 mode is respectively increased by 1.26kg/kg, 1.33kg/kg, 4.2kg/kg and 2.97kg/kg in Feicheng, Dayue, Hanting and Wenshang, and the increase is respectively 5.29%, 5.23%, 20.58% and 14.42%. In 2018-2019, compared with the M1 mode, the partial productivity (PFP) of the nitrogen fertilizer in the M2 mode is respectively increased by 1.00kg/kg, 2.37kg/kg, 2.77kg/kg and 1.29kg/kg in Feicheng, Dayue, Hanting and Wenshang, and the increase is respectively 3.74%, 8.02%, 11.11% and 4.53%.
3 results
The quality-improving, yield-increasing and quality-improving cultivation mode (M2) of 4 test sites is obviously superior to the production mode (M1) of local ordinary farmers in the aspects of yield increase, efficiency improvement and quality guarantee. Compared with the M1 mode, the yield of the M2 mode has no obvious difference at the fat city point, and is increased by 9.17 percent on average at Daisei, Hanting and Wenshang points; the nitrogen utilization rate of 4 test sites is averagely improved by 9.66 percent, and the partial productivity of the nitrogen fertilizer is averagely improved by 8.60 percent. There was no significant difference in dough formation time and dough stability time for the M2 mode compared to the M1 mode at both the 4 test points; in 2017-2018, compared with the M1 mode, the wet gluten content of the M2 mode is improved by 6.72%; compared with the M1 mode, the volume of the bread in Dayue, Wenshang, 2017-2018 and Feicheng, Wenshang, 2018-2019 in the M2 mode is averagely increased by 7.18%. By combining the analysis, the technical mode of improving the quality, the yield and the efficiency of the wheat can realize the improvement or the stabilization of the strong gluten wheat zhongyuan 9369 in the aspects of yield, quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency in a plurality of regions, and can be popularized and applied as the mode of improving the quality, the yield and the efficiency of the wheat.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method for realizing the high yield, quality improvement and synergistic cooperation of strong gluten wheat is characterized by comprising the following steps of: selecting varieties, combining wide sowing and close planting during sowing, and compacting after sowing; the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 240-270kg/hm2Meanwhile, 45-75kg of sulfur fertilizer is applied once per hectare before sowing; applying nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer before sowing, applying nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing again in spring, wherein the top dressing period is jointing period; applying potassium by stages: applying potassium in a base dressing ratio of 5:5 in the whole growth period of the wheat, and applying the potassium in two times before sowing and in a jointing stage; optimizing irrigation and controlling water after flowers: and 2, irrigating for 2 water in the jointing stage and the heading-spike aligning stage.
2. The high-yield quality-improving synergistic cultivation method for the strong gluten wheat as claimed in claim 1, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting proper varieties, wide-width close planting, nitrogen and sulfur distribution, nitrogen topdressing backward shift, potassium distribution in stages, and optimizing irrigation and controlling water after flowers.
3. The high-yield quality-improving synergistic cultivation method for strong gluten wheat as claimed in claim 2, wherein the selection of suitable varieties: selecting strong gluten wheat variety suitable for regional planting, such as teacher Luan 02-1, Gao you 5766, Zhou Yuan 9369 and Taishan 27.
4. The high-yield quality-improving synergistic cultivation method for the strong gluten wheat as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the wide-width close planting: the wide sowing and the reasonable close planting are combined during the sowing; the sowing mode adopts wide sowing, the width of a seedling belt is 8-10cm, and the row spacing is 27-28 cm; compacting after sowing; meanwhile, the variety characteristics are combined for reasonable close planting, the planting density of the large spike type variety is increased to 375-.
5. The high-yield quality-improving synergistic cultivation method for strong gluten wheat as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the nitrogen and sulfur are applied in combination: the total application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced to 240-270kg/hm2Meanwhile, 45-75kg of sulfur fertilizer is applied once per hectare before sowing in terms of sulfur.
6. The high-yield quality-improving synergistic cultivation method for the strong gluten wheat as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the nitrogen-chasing backward shift is as follows: applying partial nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer before sowing, applying nitrogen fertilizer as additional fertilizer again in spring, and applying the nitrogen fertilizer base additional fertilizer according to the proportion of 4:6 or 3: 7.
7. The high-yield quality-improving synergistic cultivation method for the strong gluten wheat as claimed in claim 6, wherein the topdressing period is jointing period.
8. The high-yield quality-improving synergistic cultivation method for strong gluten wheat as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the potassium is applied by stages: with K2The potassium application amount of the wheat in the whole growth period is 90-120kg/hm in O meter2The fertilizer is applied twice before seeding and in the jointing stage according to the base dressing ratio of 5: 5.
9. The high-yield quality-improving synergistic cultivation method for strong gluten wheat as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the optimized irrigation and post-flowering water control: 2 water in the jointing stage and the heading-spike aligning stage, wherein micro-sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, upright rod type sprinkling irrigation, buried sprinkling irrigation and self-propelled sprinkling irrigation are adopted for water-saving irrigation during irrigation, and each irrigation is carried out405-450m3/hm2(ii) a Poor soil moisture content after sowing, spray irrigation of 225-3/hm2Ensuring that the whole seedlings are sown once; and no water is poured after the flowers are bloomed.
10. The cultivation method of claim 9, wherein water-saving irrigation is performed by micro-sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, upright-rod sprinkling irrigation, buried sprinkling irrigation, self-propelled sprinkling irrigation.
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