CN107517674A

CN107517674A - A kind of soybean outdoor planting technique

Info

Publication number: CN107517674A
Application number: CN201610452289.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 不公告发明人
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-06-22
Filing date: 2016-06-22
Publication date: 2017-12-29

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of soybean outdoor planting technique, belongs to technical field of crop cultivation.The specific steps that the technology includes have：Efficent rotation, the in good time correct rotation of crops, deep ploughing, fine site preparation, applies fertilizers scientifically, sees seedling top dressing, suits measures to local conditions, and from breeding, fine sowing, rational close planting, thinning final singling, nurturing staff, tillage and weeding, retains and conserve soil moisture, prevents and treats pest and disease damage, in good time harvest in time.Soybean outdoor planting technique is standardized, become more meticulous by the present invention, and its small investment, high efficiency, operation is simple.

Description

A kind of soybean outdoor planting technique

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of soybean outdoor planting technique.

Background technology

Soybean outdoor planting technique is a simple and practical new technology, from crop rotation, site preparation, fertilising, from breeding, fine sowing, thinning final singling, preventing and treating pest and disease damage, the link such as harvest standardization in good time, become more meticulous, for raising yield, positive effect.

The content of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are the deficiencies for existing soybean outdoor planting technique, there is provided a kind of soybean outdoor planting technique, its small investment, high efficiency, operation is simple.

To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved using following technical scheme：

A kind of soybean outdoor planting technique, including following specific steps：

1. efficent rotation, the correct rotation of crops：Soybean continuous cropping or should not meet stubble, should not also be planted in the ground that planting other legumes, the crop rotation of more than 3 years is preferably carried out with other crops.The best preceding stubble of soybean is cereal, and wheat, corn, potato, rape are all good preceding crops.

2. deep ploughing in good time, fine site preparation：Soybean is the crop for needing to deep plough, and deep ploughing in time must be tedded after preceding crop harvest, cure topsoil.Autumn ploughing and spring ploughing are combined, and topsoil depth reaches 25-30cm, so that root growth and rhizobium are bred.Autumn ploughing will harrow a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation, and ground is flattened whole silk floss by spring ploughing.

3. applying fertilizers scientifically, seedling top dressing is seen：Mu applies high-quality 3000-3500 kilograms or so of farm manure, and the chemical fertilizer such as compounding application nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and general every mu is applied 10-15 kilograms of urea, 15-20 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 10-12 kilograms of potassium sulfate.Follow based on base manure, supplemented by seed manure, see the principle of seedling top dressing, agricultural fertilizer and phosphorus, potash fertilizer make base fertilizer and applied in early spring site preparation, and nitrogenous fertilizer is before spending or initial bloom stage imposes.Also can be dressed seed with dedicated fertilizer for soybean, every mu of ground seed is dressed seed with 0.5 kilogram of dedicated fertilizer for soybean, first by fertilizer water into being diluted to pasty state during administration, then is poured on seed, all seeds are all stained with fertilizer, are sowed after slightly drying.Since fruiting period, every 7-10 days with every mu of 50 kg of water, to 500 grams of urea, 150-250 potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 15 grams of magnesium sulfate and 20 grams of ammonium molybdates carry out a foliage applications, apply 3-4 time altogether, promote drum grain, increase grain weight, prevent from lodging, promote maturation.

4. suit measures to local conditions, from breeding：Mutually suitable kind is selected according to different ecological condition.Huang 41, the middle late variety such as yellow 42 in should being selected in plateau area, plant is tall and big, and yield potential is big；Huang 30, the middle early-maturing variety such as yellow 35 in preferably being selected in mountain area, plant is shorter, drought resisting stable yields, and the two kinds can also be planted as multiple cropping kind；Chuan Qu should select plant height medium, compare the middle-late ripening varieties such as Shanxi beans 24, the Shanxi big 53 of drought resisting high yield.

5. fine sowing, rational close planting：Bunch planting is put using equidistant hand or the equidistant program request of machinery, mu are kept a full stand of seedings 1.0 ten thousand plants or so, specifically because kind is different, density is also different.Middle yellow 41, middle yellow 42 mu ten thousand plants of the 0.8-1 that keep a full stand of seedings, middle yellow 30, middle yellow 35 mu ten thousand plants of the 1.3-1.5 that keep a full stand of seedings, Shanxi beans 24, big 53 mu of Shanxi are kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 1-1.2.Seed is selected, and purity is higher than 98%, 3.5-4 kilograms of the mu amount of broadcasting.Mid or late April proper seeding, seed level 4-5cm, suppression, soil moisture conservation are taked precautions against drought, accomplish to broadcast and save seedling from damage in time after broadcasting.

6. thinning final singling, nurturing staff：Occur thinning during 2 simple and opposites after emergence, final singling during compound leaf occur.Between except weak seedling, seedling, sick seedling, stay seedlings, strong sprout.Double seedlings should be stayed for indivedual places that are short of seedling.If weather is unstable, late frost, which is not crossed, should postpone a final singling.

7. tillage and weeding, retain and conserve soil moisture：Hoed the fields since after cotyledon all sprouts, carry out 2-3 times altogether, must terminate operation of hoeing up weeds to full-bloom stage, in order to avoid cause to spend coming off for pod.It is noted that preventing the phenomenon hindered root pressure seedling and shine root during intertillage.Last time intertillage, which will suitably earth up, stops up seedling.

8. preventing and treating pest and disease damage in time：Mid-June, with 800-1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, spraying is anti-to eliminate aphis；Mid-July, using 10% gram of mite missible oil, 300 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating red spiders；Bloom and prevent and treat bean-pod borers with 800 times of liquid sprayings of DDT EC of 48% chlorpyrifos ec, 1000 times of liquid or 80% initial stage of bearing pods；With 70% 1000-1500 times of liquid preventing and treating cercospora leaf spot of Bravo wettable powder；With 72% Propamocarb aqua, 1000 times of liquid preventing and treating downy mildews.

9. harvest in good time：Soybean harvest is typically carried out in the latter stage stage of yellow ripeness, i.e., has all unbuttoned or divest one's upper garment color into Huang in plant, and the big portion of blade comes off, and seed departs from pod wall, is hardened and the intrinsic color and luster of kind is presented, when shake has sound, you can harvesting.It can in the ground be shone after receipts one, two day, make to move to again after its after-ripening dehydration to make stone roller on field.

Claims

A kind of 1. soybean outdoor planting technique, it is characterised in that：Including following specific steps：

（1）Efficent rotation, the correct rotation of crops：Soybean continuous cropping or should not meet stubble, should not also be planted in the ground that planting other legumes, the crop rotation of more than 3 years is preferably carried out with other crops；The best preceding stubble of soybean is cereal, and wheat, corn, potato, rape are all good preceding crops；

（2）Deep ploughing in good time, fine site preparation：Soybean is the crop for needing to deep plough, and deep ploughing in time must be tedded after preceding crop harvest, cure topsoil；Autumn ploughing and spring ploughing are combined, and topsoil depth reaches 25-30cm, so that root growth and rhizobium are bred；Autumn ploughing will harrow a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation, and ground is flattened whole silk floss by spring ploughing；

（3）Apply fertilizers scientifically, see seedling top dressing：Mu applies high-quality 3000-3500 kilograms or so of farm manure, and the chemical fertilizer such as compounding application nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and general every mu is applied 10-15 kilograms of urea, 15-20 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 10-12 kilograms of potassium sulfate；Follow based on base manure, supplemented by seed manure, see the principle of seedling top dressing, agricultural fertilizer and phosphorus, potash fertilizer make base fertilizer and applied in early spring site preparation, and nitrogenous fertilizer is before spending or initial bloom stage imposes；Also can be dressed seed with dedicated fertilizer for soybean, every mu of ground seed is dressed seed with 0.5 kilogram of dedicated fertilizer for soybean, first by fertilizer water into being diluted to pasty state during administration, then is poured on seed, all seeds are all stained with fertilizer, are sowed after slightly drying；Since fruiting period, every 7-10 days with every mu of 50 kg of water, to 500 grams of urea, 150-250 potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 15 grams of magnesium sulfate and 20 grams of ammonium molybdates carry out a foliage applications, apply 3-4 time altogether, promote drum grain, increase grain weight, prevent from lodging, promote maturation；

（4）Suit measures to local conditions, from breeding：Mutually suitable kind is selected according to different ecological condition；Huang 41, the middle late variety such as yellow 42 in should being selected in plateau area, plant is tall and big, and yield potential is big；Huang 30, the middle early-maturing variety such as yellow 35 in preferably being selected in mountain area, plant is shorter, drought resisting stable yields, and the two kinds can also be planted as multiple cropping kind；Chuan Qu should select plant height medium, compare the middle-late ripening varieties such as Shanxi beans 24, the Shanxi big 53 of drought resisting high yield；

（5）Fine sowing, rational close planting：Bunch planting is put using equidistant hand or the equidistant program request of machinery, mu are kept a full stand of seedings 1.0 ten thousand plants or so, specifically because kind is different, density is also different；Middle yellow 41, middle yellow 42 mu ten thousand plants of the 0.8-1 that keep a full stand of seedings, middle yellow 30, middle yellow 35 mu ten thousand plants of the 1.3-1.5 that keep a full stand of seedings, Shanxi beans 24, big 53 mu of Shanxi are kept a full stand of seedings ten thousand plants of 1-1.2；Seed is selected, and purity is higher than 98%, 3.5-4 kilograms of the mu amount of broadcasting；Mid or late April proper seeding, seed level 4-5cm, suppression, soil moisture conservation are taked precautions against drought, accomplish to broadcast and save seedling from damage in time after broadcasting；

（6）Thinning final singling, nurturing staff：Occur thinning during 2 simple and opposites after emergence, final singling during compound leaf occur；Between except weak seedling, seedling, sick seedling, stay seedlings, strong sprout；Double seedlings should be stayed for indivedual places that are short of seedling；If weather is unstable, late frost, which is not crossed, should postpone a final singling；

（7）Tillage and weeding, retain and conserve soil moisture：Hoed the fields since after cotyledon all sprouts, carry out 2-3 times altogether, must terminate operation of hoeing up weeds to full-bloom stage, in order to avoid cause to spend coming off for pod；It is noted that preventing the phenomenon hindered root pressure seedling and shine root during intertillage；Last time intertillage, which will suitably earth up, stops up seedling；

（8）Preventing and treating pest and disease damage in time：Mid-June, with 800-1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, spraying is anti-to eliminate aphis；Mid-July, using 10% gram of mite missible oil, 300 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating red spiders；Bloom and prevent and treat bean-pod borers with 800 times of liquid sprayings of DDT EC of 48% chlorpyrifos ec, 1000 times of liquid or 80% initial stage of bearing pods；With 70% 1000-1500 times of liquid preventing and treating cercospora leaf spot of Bravo wettable powder；With 72% Propamocarb aqua, 1000 times of liquid preventing and treating downy mildews；

（9）Harvest in good time：Soybean harvest is typically carried out in the latter stage stage of yellow ripeness, i.e., has all unbuttoned or divest one's upper garment color into Huang in plant, and the big portion of blade comes off, and seed departs from pod wall, is hardened and the intrinsic color and luster of kind is presented, when shake has sound, you can harvesting；It can in the ground be shone after receipts one, two day, make to move to again after its after-ripening dehydration to make stone roller on field.