CN112119856A - High-quality soybean cultivation technology - Google Patents
High-quality soybean cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112119856A CN112119856A CN202010989824.1A CN202010989824A CN112119856A CN 112119856 A CN112119856 A CN 112119856A CN 202010989824 A CN202010989824 A CN 202010989824A CN 112119856 A CN112119856 A CN 112119856A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality soybean cultivation technology, and particularly relates to the field of soybean cultivation, wherein the cultivation technology comprises the following steps: selecting and treating land, selecting and treating seeds, sowing, intertilling, weeding, ridging, irrigating, fertilizing, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and preventing and treating downy mildew when applying base fertilizer. According to the invention, through seed selection and treatment, different varieties are selected according to the land environment, the diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage are prevented, the seed dressing is carried out by adopting 0.3-0.5% of carbendazim and captan, the number of grubs, cutworms and root maggots is effectively reduced, through disease and insect pest prevention and control, the incidence rate of the diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced, the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds are improved, scientific cultivation is realized, the yield is increased remarkably, and thus the sowing quality and seedling emergence are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soybean cultivation, in particular to a high-quality soybean cultivation technology.
Background
Soybean is one of the important grain crops in China, has been cultivated for five thousand years, is known as Shushu in ancient times, and is a main production area in northeast China, and is a crop with seeds containing rich plant protein, and the soybean is most commonly used for making various bean products, squeezing soybean oil, brewing soy sauce and extracting protein.
The soybean cultivation technology mainly comprises deep fertilization and field management, and the existing cultivation technology still has defects, influences the germination rate and the germination vigor of seeds, and reduces the sowing quality and the seedling emergence.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above defects in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a high-quality cultivation technique for soybeans, and the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: how to effectively reduce the number of grubs, cutworms and root maggots and reduce the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-quality soybean cultivation technology comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting and processing land blocks, determining cultivation land blocks, ridge-planting the land blocks, adopting a subsoiler to plough and loosen soil at intervals in a subsoiling mode, turning soil layers of the land blocks, making ridges after ploughing, and performing ridge planting to form a ploughing layer structure with coexistence of virtual and real cultivation, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-35 cm;
s2: selecting and treating, selecting different varieties according to the land environment, selecting land with rich soil, more rainwater and good cultivation conditions, selecting soybean seeds with limited growth habit or sub-limited growth habit, strong stems with water and fertilizer tolerance, developed main stems, medium plant height and high yield performance, selecting land with poor soil fertility or drought, selecting soybean seeds with unlimited growth habit, strong fecundity, barren and drought tolerance, preventing and treating diseases and insect pests in seedling stage, adopting 0.1-0.15% of octyl sulfur or 0.7% of linden powder or 0.3-0.4% of carbendazim and thiram or mixing the seeds with 0.3-0.5% of carbendazim and captan;
s3: sowing, wherein the sowing depth of the soybean seeds in spring and summer is 4-6cm, the soil temperature is 14-16 ℃ during spring sowing, the soil temperature is not limited during summer sowing, the sowing time in mid-six days in June is better as soon as possible, the soybean seeds with the germination rate of more than 95% are divided into large-grain soybean seeds, medium-grain soybean seeds and small-grain soybean seeds, and the sowing amount of the large-grain soybean seeds is 105 plus seeds and 120kg/hm2The seeding rate of the medium bean seeds is 75-90kg/hm2The seeding rate of the small-grain bean seeds is 60-75kg/hm2；
S4: intertillage weeding, ridging and irrigation are carried out, the intertillage depth is carried out in a mode of from shallow to deep and then shallow along with the growth condition of root systems, soil is gathered to roots along with intertillage weeding, ridges are gradually built up, weeding is carried out again after soybeans are sowed for 5-6 weeks, the moisture of the soil is ensured to be more than 25% during the period of flowering and balling of the soybeans, and spray irrigation is carried out when the moisture of the soil is less than 25%;
s5: fertilizing, namely uniformly spreading the base fertilizer on the ground after turning the soil when the base fertilizer is applied, turning the soil and harrowing the soil to turn the fertilizer into a soil layer of 20-22 cm, carrying out seed fertilizer at the early stage of soybean sowing, adopting the modes of deep sowing, deep double-side application and single-side deep application, applying 6-8 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu when topdressing, and adding 30-50L of water and stirring to carry out foliar spraying and topdressing when 0.5-0.8 kg of urea, 20-30 g of ammonium molybdate and 250 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied per mu at the initial flowering stage or the grain swelling stage of soybeans;
s6: pest control, control downy mildew, in the initial stage of disease, adopt 60% -70% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 40% -50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, spray 1-2 times; preventing and treating gray leaf spot by spraying 1000 times of 40-50% carbendazim solution or 1000 times of 50-70% thiophanate methyl solution for 2-3 times every 7-10 days; for controlling anthracnose, 1000 times of liquid of 50-60 percent carbendazim wettable powder or 500 times of liquid of 50-70 percent mancozeb wettable powder 400-fold is adopted for spray control; preventing and treating purpura by adopting 1000 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder or 1000 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder for spray prevention and treatment; preventing and treating root rot, ring spot and mosaic virus, adopting 1000 times of 15% phytotron emulsion for spray prevention and treatment at the early stage of disease occurrence, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; for preventing and treating cyst nematode, 50% octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion is applied in 0.25-0.35 kg per 667 square meters, and the medicine is mixed with 20-25 kg fine dry soil and dried, and applied in 20-25 cm deep soil 10-15 days before seeding; the soybean aphids are controlled, and the soybean aphids are controlled by diluting 20 ml of 5 percent of lyfop emulsifiable concentrate for each 667 square meters for spray control, or 2000 times of liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder, or 1500 times of liquid of 50 percent pirimicarb wettable powder; the pod borer is prevented and treated by spraying by adopting 1000 times of 80 percent crystal dipterex 700-fold liquid or 1500 times of 20 percent quick-kill butyl missible oil 1200-fold liquid before the peak period of adult emergence or the peak period of egg incubation; for controlling the bean moths, 90 percent of crystal dipterex 700-doped 1000-time liquid or 50 percent of dichlorvos missible oil 1000-time liquid is adopted for spray control in the 1-3 instar period of the larvae; the soybean desmodiasis is controlled, when 50 larvae exist in one hundred plants before 3 instars of the larvae, spraying 4000-fold liquid of 90 percent Wanling wettable powder or 2.5 percent dipterex powder, and controlling by spraying, wherein the using amount of 2.5 kg per 667 square meters; for controlling soybean leaf rollers, in the flowering and pod-bearing stage or egg hatching stage, 90% crystal dipterex 1500 times liquid or 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable 1000 times liquid is adopted for spray control.
In a preferred embodiment, in the second step, when the seed dressing with the reagent and the seed dressing with the ammonium molybdate micro-fertilizer are carried out simultaneously, the seed dressing with the ammonium molybdate is carried out after drying in the shade.
In a preferred embodiment, in the second step, after the rhizobia is used for dressing seeds, the rhizobia can not be mixed with the pesticide and the bactericide.
In a preferred embodiment, in the third step, the seeds are deeply planted by 10-15 cm and deeply planted by 6-8 cm from the side.
In a preferred embodiment, in the fifth step, pig manure is used as base fertilizer, 1-2 tons of the pig manure is applied to each mu, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the top dressing fertilizer is 1:2, 1:2.5 and 1: 3.
In a preferred embodiment, in the fifth step, the seeds are prevented from contacting the fertilizer during fertilization.
In a preferred embodiment, in the fifth step, after the drum granulation period, the post-dressing is performed to accelerate the drum granulation, the grain increment and the weight increment.
In a preferred embodiment, in the sixth step, the pest control and breeding later stage mainly controls soybean pod borers, pod borers and gray leaf spot, and the spraying control times are 2-4 times.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
according to the method, through seed selection and treatment, different varieties are selected according to the land environment, the land is rich in soil and rainwater and good in cultivation conditions, soybean seeds with limited growth habits or sub-limited growth habits which are rich in fertilizer and water tolerant stems, strong in main stems, medium in plant height and high in yield performance, the land with poor soil fertility or drought is selected, soybean seeds with unlimited growth habits which are high in plant height, strong in flourishing property and poor and drought tolerant are selected, the diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage are controlled, the carbendazim and captan with the seed amount of 0.3% -0.5% are adopted for seed dressing, the number of grubs, cutworms and root maggots is effectively reduced, the occurrence rate of the diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced through disease control, the germination rate and the germination potential of the seeds are improved, the yield is increased scientifically, and the yield is increased remarkably, so that the sowing quality and the seedling emergence are improved.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to examples of the invention. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more example embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of example embodiments of the disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the subject matter of the present disclosure can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, steps, and so forth. In other instances, well-known structures, methods, implementations, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the disclosure.
Example 1
The invention provides a high-quality soybean cultivation technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting and processing land blocks, determining cultivation land blocks, ridge-planting the land blocks, adopting a subsoiler to plough and loosen soil at intervals in a subsoiling mode, turning soil layers of the land blocks, making ridges after ploughing, and performing ridge planting to form a ploughing layer structure with coexistence of virtual and real cultivation, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-35 cm;
s2: selecting and treating seeds, selecting different varieties according to the environment of the land, selecting the land with rich soil, rich rainwater and good cultivation conditions, selecting soybean seeds with limited growth habit or sub-limited growth habit, which have the advantages of strong fertilizer-tolerant and water-loving stems, developed main stems, medium plant height and high yield performance, selecting the soybean seeds with poor soil fertility or drought, selecting the soybean seeds with unlimited growth habit, which have the advantages of high plant height, strong fecundity and barren and drought resistance, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage, and dressing the seeds with 0.1-0.15% of octylsulfide according to the seed amount;
s3: sowing, wherein the sowing depth of the soybean seeds in spring and summer is 4-6cm, the soil temperature is 14-16 ℃ during spring sowing, the soil temperature is not limited during summer sowing, the sowing time in mid-six days in June is better as soon as possible, the soybean seeds with the germination rate of more than 95% are divided into large-grain soybean seeds, medium-grain soybean seeds and small-grain soybean seeds, and the sowing amount of the large-grain soybean seeds is 105 plus seeds and 120kg/hm2The seeding rate of the medium bean seeds is 75-90kg/hm2The seeding rate of the small-grain bean seeds is 60-75kg/hm2；
S4: intertillage weeding, ridging and irrigation are carried out, the intertillage depth is carried out in a mode of from shallow to deep and then shallow along with the growth condition of root systems, soil is gathered to roots along with intertillage weeding, ridges are gradually built up, weeding is carried out again after soybeans are sowed for 5-6 weeks, the moisture of the soil is ensured to be more than 25% during the period of flowering and balling of the soybeans, and spray irrigation is carried out when the moisture of the soil is less than 25%;
s5: fertilizing, namely uniformly spreading the base fertilizer on the ground after turning the soil when the base fertilizer is applied, turning the soil and harrowing the soil to turn the fertilizer into a soil layer of 20-22 cm, carrying out seed fertilizer at the early stage of soybean sowing, adopting the modes of deep sowing, deep double-side application and single-side deep application, applying 6-8 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu when topdressing, and adding 30-50L of water and stirring to carry out foliar spraying and topdressing when 0.5-0.8 kg of urea, 20-30 g of ammonium molybdate and 250 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied per mu at the initial flowering stage or the grain swelling stage of soybeans;
s6: pest control, control downy mildew, in the initial stage of disease, adopt 60% -70% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 40% -50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, spray 1-2 times; preventing and treating gray leaf spot by spraying 1000 times of 40-50% carbendazim solution or 1000 times of 50-70% thiophanate methyl solution for 2-3 times every 7-10 days; for controlling anthracnose, 1000 times of liquid of 50-60 percent carbendazim wettable powder or 500 times of liquid of 50-70 percent mancozeb wettable powder 400-fold is adopted for spray control; preventing and treating purpura by adopting 1000 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder or 1000 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder for spray prevention and treatment; preventing and treating root rot, ring spot and mosaic virus, adopting 1000 times of 15% phytotron emulsion for spray prevention and treatment at the early stage of disease occurrence, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; for preventing and treating cyst nematode, 50% octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion is applied in 0.25-0.35 kg per 667 square meters, and the medicine is mixed with 20-25 kg fine dry soil and dried, and applied in 20-25 cm deep soil 10-15 days before seeding; the soybean aphids are controlled, and the soybean aphids are controlled by diluting 20 ml of 5 percent of lyfop emulsifiable concentrate for each 667 square meters for spray control, or 2000 times of liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder, or 1500 times of liquid of 50 percent pirimicarb wettable powder; the pod borer is prevented and treated by spraying by adopting 1000 times of 80 percent crystal dipterex 700-fold liquid or 1500 times of 20 percent quick-kill butyl missible oil 1200-fold liquid before the peak period of adult emergence or the peak period of egg incubation; for controlling the bean moths, 90 percent of crystal dipterex 700-doped 1000-time liquid or 50 percent of dichlorvos missible oil 1000-time liquid is adopted for spray control in the 1-3 instar period of the larvae; the soybean desmodiasis is controlled, when 50 larvae exist in one hundred plants before 3 instars of the larvae, spraying 4000-fold liquid of 90 percent Wanling wettable powder or 2.5 percent dipterex powder, and controlling by spraying, wherein the using amount of 2.5 kg per 667 square meters; for controlling soybean leaf rollers, in the flowering and pod-bearing stage or egg hatching stage, 90% crystal dipterex 1500 times liquid or 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable 1000 times liquid is adopted for spray control.
In the second step, when the seed dressing by the agent and the seed dressing by the ammonium molybdate micro-fertilizer are carried out simultaneously, the seed dressing by the ammonium molybdate and the drying in the shade are carried out.
In the second step, after the rhizobia is adopted for seed dressing, the rhizobia can not be mixed with the pesticide and the bactericide.
In the third step, the seeds are deeply planted by 10-15 cm and the side is deeply planted by 6-8 cm away from the seeds.
In the fifth step, pig manure is used as base fertilizer, 1-2 tons of the pig manure is applied to each mu, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the top dressing fertilizer is 1:2, 1:2.5 and 1: 3.
In the fifth step, the seeds should be prevented from contacting with the fertilizer during fertilization.
And in the fifth step, after the granulation stage, performing topdressing to accelerate granulation, granulation increase and weight increase.
In the sixth step, the pest control and growth later stage mainly controls soybean pod borers, pod borers and gray leaf spot diseases, and the spraying control frequency is 2-4 times.
Example 2
Unlike example 1, S2: selecting and treating seeds, and dressing seeds with 0.7 percent of minium powder.
Example 3
Unlike examples 1-2, S2: selecting and treating seeds, namely dressing the seeds by adopting 0.3 to 0.4 percent of carbendazim and thiram.
Example 4
Unlike examples 1 to 3, S2: selecting and treating seeds, namely dressing the seeds by adopting 0.3 to 0.5 percent of carbendazim and captan.
The effects of controlling plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage in examples 1 to 4 were respectively tested, and the test results are shown in the following table, taking each mu as a unit:
| amount of grubs | Number of cutworms | Root maggot number | Incidence of root rot | |
| Example 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1.5％ |
| Example 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1％ |
| Example 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1％ |
| Example 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1％ |
| Comparative example | 19 | 27 | 14 | 4％ |
From the comparison in the table above, it can be seen that: when the seed dressing method is used for dressing the seeds by adopting 0.3% -0.5% of the seed amount of carbendazim and captan, the number of grubs, cutworm and root maggots is the least, and the incidence rate of root rot is the lowest, so the seed dressing method in the embodiment 4 is the preferable scheme of the invention.
Example 5
In the above preferred embodiment, the cultivation technique of the present invention includes:
s1: selecting and processing land blocks, determining cultivation land blocks, ridge-planting the land blocks, adopting a subsoiler to plough and loosen soil at intervals in a subsoiling mode, turning soil layers of the land blocks, making ridges after ploughing, and performing ridge planting to form a ploughing layer structure with coexistence of virtual and real cultivation, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-35 cm;
s2: selecting and treating, namely selecting different varieties of plots with rich soil, rich rainwater and good cultivation conditions according to the plot environment, selecting soybean seeds with limited growth habit or sub-limited growth habit, which have the advantages of strong fertilizer-tolerant and water-favored stems, developed main stems, medium plant height and high yield performance, selecting soybean seeds with poor soil fertility or drought, selecting soybean seeds with unlimited growth habit, which have the advantages of high plants, strong fecundity and poor drought resistance, and preventing and treating seedling diseases and insect pests, wherein the seed amount is 0.3-0.5 percent;
s3: sowing, wherein the sowing depth of the soybean seeds in spring and summer is 4-6cm, the soil temperature is 14-16 ℃ during spring sowing, the soil temperature is not limited during summer sowing, the sowing time in mid-six months is better and earlier, and the soybean seeds with the germination rate of more than 95 percent are sownThe seeding amount of the large-grain bean seeds is 105-120kg/hm2The seeding rate of the medium bean seeds is 75-90kg/hm2The seeding rate of the small-grain bean seeds is 60-75kg/hm2；
S4: intertillage weeding, ridging and irrigation are carried out, the intertillage depth is carried out in a mode of from shallow to deep and then shallow along with the growth condition of root systems, soil is gathered to roots along with intertillage weeding, ridges are gradually built up, weeding is carried out again after soybeans are sowed for 5-6 weeks, the moisture of the soil is ensured to be more than 25% during the period of flowering and balling of the soybeans, and spray irrigation is carried out when the moisture of the soil is less than 25%;
s5: fertilizing, namely uniformly spreading the base fertilizer on the ground after turning the soil when the base fertilizer is applied, turning the soil and harrowing the soil to turn the fertilizer into a soil layer of 20-22 cm, carrying out seed fertilizer at the early stage of soybean sowing, adopting the modes of deep sowing, deep double-side application and single-side deep application, applying 6-8 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu when topdressing, and adding 30-50L of water and stirring to carry out foliar spraying and topdressing when 0.5-0.8 kg of urea, 20-30 g of ammonium molybdate and 250 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied per mu at the initial flowering stage or the grain swelling stage of soybeans;
s6: pest control, downy mildew control, in the early stage of disease, adopting 500 times of liquid of 60% -70% mancozeb wettable powder, and spraying for 1-2 times; preventing and treating gray leaf spot disease by spraying 1000 times of 40-50% carbendazim solution for 2-3 times every 7-10 days; for controlling anthracnose, 1000 times of liquid of 50-60% carbendazim wettable powder is adopted for spray control; preventing and treating purpura by adopting 1000 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder for spray prevention and treatment; preventing and treating root rot, ring spot and mosaic virus, adopting 1000 times of 15% phytotron emulsion for spray prevention and treatment at the early stage of disease occurrence, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; for preventing and treating cyst nematode, 50% octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion is applied in 0.25-0.35 kg per 667 square meters, and the medicine is mixed with 20-25 kg fine dry soil and dried, and applied in 20-25 cm deep soil 10-15 days before seeding; the soybean aphids are controlled, and 20 ml of 5 percent lefurazone missible oil is diluted and sprayed for controlling every 667 square meters for controlling; for controlling the leguminous borer, 80 percent crystal dipterex 700-fold liquid is adopted for spray control in the full period of adult emergence or before the full period of egg incubation; preventing and controlling the bean hawkmoth, and spraying 1000 times of 90% crystal dipterex 700-doped liquid in the 1-3 instar of the larva; the soybean desmoplasts are prevented, and when 50 larvae exist in hundreds of plants before 3 instars of the larvae, 4000-fold liquid of 90 percent Wanling wettable powder is adopted for spraying for prevention and control, wherein the using amount of each 667 square meters is 2.5 kg; the method is used for preventing and controlling soybean leaf rollers, and adopts 1500 times of 90% crystal dipterex liquid for spray control in the flowering and pod-bearing stage or egg hatching stage.
In the second step, when the seed dressing by the agent and the seed dressing by the ammonium molybdate micro-fertilizer are carried out simultaneously, the seed dressing by the ammonium molybdate and the drying in the shade are carried out.
In the second step, after the rhizobia is adopted for seed dressing, the rhizobia can not be mixed with the pesticide and the bactericide.
In the third step, the seeds are deeply planted by 10-15 cm and the side is deeply planted by 6-8 cm away from the seeds.
In the fifth step, pig manure is used as base fertilizer, 1-2 tons of the pig manure is applied to each mu, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the top dressing fertilizer is 1:2, 1:2.5 and 1: 3.
In the fifth step, the seeds should be prevented from contacting with the fertilizer during fertilization.
And in the fifth step, after the granulation stage, performing topdressing to accelerate granulation, granulation increase and weight increase.
In the sixth step, the pest control and growth later stage mainly controls soybean pod borers, pod borers and gray leaf spot diseases, and the spraying control frequency is 2-4 times.
Example 6
Unlike example 5, S6: pest control, control downy mildew, in the early stage of disease, spraying 1-2 times with 500 times of 40% -50% carbendazim wettable powder; preventing and treating gray leaf spot disease by spraying 1000 times of 50-70% thiophanate methyl solution for 2-3 times every 7-10 days; for controlling anthracnose, spraying and controlling by using 400-fold liquid of 50-70 percent mancozeb wettable powder; preventing and treating purpura by adopting 1000 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder for spray prevention and treatment; preventing soybean aphids, wherein 2000-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder is adopted for each 667 square meters for spray prevention; the pesticide composition is used for preventing and controlling the leguminous borers, and spraying and preventing are carried out by adopting a 1500-fold solution of 20% quick-kill butyl missible oil 1200-; preventing and controlling the bean hawkmoth, and spraying 1000 times of 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable solution in the 1-3 instars of larvae; the soybean desmodiasis is controlled, when 50 larvae exist in one hundred plants before 3 instars of the larvae, 2.5 percent dipterex powder is adopted for spray control, and the using amount is 2.5 kg per 667 square meters; for controlling soybean leaf rollers, 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable solution is adopted for spray control in the flowering and pod setting stage or the egg hatching stage.
Example 7
Unlike examples 5 to 6, S6: and (3) pest control, namely controlling the soybean aphids, and spraying 1500 times of 50% pirimicarb wettable powder solution every 667 square meters.
The incidence rates of plant diseases and insect pests in examples 5-7 were respectively determined, and the test results are shown in the following table:
| incidence of disease and pest | |
| Example 5 | 3％ |
| Example 6 | 4％ |
| Example 7 | 5％ |
| Comparative example | 11％ |
From the comparison in the table above, it can be seen that: in the early stage of disease, spraying 500 times of solution of 60-70% mancozeb wettable powder for 1-2 times; preventing and treating gray leaf spot disease by spraying 1000 times of 40-50% carbendazim solution for 2-3 times every 7-10 days; for controlling anthracnose, 1000 times of liquid of 50-60% carbendazim wettable powder is adopted for spray control; preventing and treating purpura by adopting 1000 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder for spray prevention and treatment; preventing and treating root rot, ring spot and mosaic virus, adopting 1000 times of 15% phytotron emulsion for spray prevention and treatment at the early stage of disease occurrence, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; for preventing and treating cyst nematode, 50% octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion is applied in 0.25-0.35 kg per 667 square meters, and the medicine is mixed with 20-25 kg fine dry soil and dried, and applied in 20-25 cm deep soil 10-15 days before seeding; the soybean aphids are controlled, and 20 ml of 5 percent lefurazone missible oil is diluted and sprayed for controlling every 667 square meters for controlling; for controlling the leguminous borer, 80 percent crystal dipterex 700-fold liquid is adopted for spray control in the full period of adult emergence or before the full period of egg incubation; preventing and controlling the bean hawkmoth, and spraying 1000 times of 90% crystal dipterex 700-doped liquid in the 1-3 instar of the larva; the soybean desmoplasts are prevented, and when 50 larvae exist in hundreds of plants before 3 instars of the larvae, 4000-fold liquid of 90 percent Wanling wettable powder is adopted for spraying for prevention and control, wherein the using amount of each 667 square meters is 2.5 kg; the method is used for preventing and controlling soybean leaf rollers, and adopts 1500 times of 90% crystal dipterex liquid for spray control in the flowering and pod-bearing stage or egg hatching stage.
Finally, it should be noted that: first, the present invention has been described in detail by the general description and the specific embodiments, but on the basis of the present invention, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-quality soybean cultivation technology is characterized in that: the cultivation technique comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting and processing land blocks, determining cultivation land blocks, ridge-planting the land blocks, adopting a subsoiler to plough and loosen soil at intervals in a subsoiling mode, turning soil layers of the land blocks, making ridges after ploughing, and performing ridge planting to form a ploughing layer structure with coexistence of virtual and real cultivation, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-35 cm;
s2: selecting and treating, selecting different varieties according to the land environment, selecting land with rich soil, more rainwater and good cultivation conditions, selecting soybean seeds with limited growth habit or sub-limited growth habit, strong stems with water and fertilizer tolerance, developed main stems, medium plant height and high yield performance, selecting land with poor soil fertility or drought, selecting soybean seeds with unlimited growth habit, strong fecundity, barren and drought tolerance, preventing and treating diseases and insect pests in seedling stage, adopting 0.1-0.15% of octyl sulfur or 0.7% of linden powder or 0.3-0.4% of carbendazim and thiram or mixing the seeds with 0.3-0.5% of carbendazim and captan;
s3: sowing, wherein the sowing depth of the soybean seeds in spring and summer is 4-6cm, the soil temperature is 14-16 ℃ during spring sowing, the soil temperature is not limited during summer sowing, the sowing time in mid-six days in June is better as soon as possible, the soybean seeds with the germination rate of more than 95% are divided into large-grain soybean seeds, medium-grain soybean seeds and small-grain soybean seeds, and the sowing amount of the large-grain soybean seeds is 105 plus seeds and 120kg/hm2The seeding rate of the medium bean seeds is 75-90kg/hm2The seeding rate of the small-grain bean seeds is 60-75kg/hm2；
S4: intertillage weeding, ridging and irrigation are carried out, the intertillage depth is carried out in a mode of from shallow to deep and then shallow along with the growth condition of root systems, soil is gathered to roots along with intertillage weeding, ridges are gradually built up, weeding is carried out again after soybeans are sowed for 5-6 weeks, the moisture of the soil is ensured to be more than 25% during the period of flowering and balling of the soybeans, and spray irrigation is carried out when the moisture of the soil is less than 25%;
s5: fertilizing, namely uniformly spreading the base fertilizer on the ground after turning the soil when the base fertilizer is applied, turning the soil and harrowing the soil to turn the fertilizer into a soil layer of 20-22 cm, carrying out seed fertilizer at the early stage of soybean sowing, adopting the modes of deep sowing, deep double-side application and single-side deep application, applying 6-8 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu when topdressing, and adding 30-50L of water and stirring to carry out foliar spraying and topdressing when 0.5-0.8 kg of urea, 20-30 g of ammonium molybdate and 250 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied per mu at the initial flowering stage or the grain swelling stage of soybeans;
s6: pest control, control downy mildew, in the initial stage of disease, adopt 60% -70% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 40% -50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid, spray 1-2 times; preventing and treating gray leaf spot by spraying 1000 times of 40-50% carbendazim solution or 1000 times of 50-70% thiophanate methyl solution for 2-3 times every 7-10 days; for controlling anthracnose, 1000 times of liquid of 50-60 percent carbendazim wettable powder or 500 times of liquid of 50-70 percent mancozeb wettable powder 400-fold is adopted for spray control; preventing and treating purpura by adopting 1000 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder or 1000 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder for spray prevention and treatment; preventing and treating root rot, ring spot and mosaic virus, adopting 1000 times of 15% phytotron emulsion for spray prevention and treatment at the early stage of disease occurrence, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times; for preventing and treating cyst nematode, 50% octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion is applied in 0.25-0.35 kg per 667 square meters, and the medicine is mixed with 20-25 kg fine dry soil and dried, and applied in 20-25 cm deep soil 10-15 days before seeding; the soybean aphids are controlled, and the soybean aphids are controlled by diluting 20 ml of 5 percent of lyfop emulsifiable concentrate for each 667 square meters for spray control, or 2000 times of liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder, or 1500 times of liquid of 50 percent pirimicarb wettable powder; the pod borer is prevented and treated by spraying by adopting 1000 times of 80 percent crystal dipterex 700-fold liquid or 1500 times of 20 percent quick-kill butyl missible oil 1200-fold liquid before the peak period of adult emergence or the peak period of egg incubation; for controlling the bean moths, 90 percent of crystal dipterex 700-doped 1000-time liquid or 50 percent of dichlorvos missible oil 1000-time liquid is adopted for spray control in the 1-3 instar period of the larvae; the soybean desmodiasis is controlled, when 50 larvae exist in one hundred plants before 3 instars of the larvae, spraying 4000-fold liquid of 90 percent Wanling wettable powder or 2.5 percent dipterex powder, and controlling by spraying, wherein the using amount of 2.5 kg per 667 square meters; for controlling soybean leaf rollers, in the flowering and pod-bearing stage or egg hatching stage, 90% crystal dipterex 1500 times liquid or 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable 1000 times liquid is adopted for spray control.
2. The high-quality cultivation technique of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, when the seed dressing by the agent and the seed dressing by the ammonium molybdate micro-fertilizer are carried out simultaneously, the seed dressing by the ammonium molybdate and the drying in the shade are carried out.
3. The high-quality cultivation technique of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, after the rhizobia is adopted for seed dressing, the rhizobia can not be mixed with the pesticide and the bactericide.
4. The high-quality cultivation technique of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the seeds are deeply planted by 10-15 cm and the side is deeply planted by 6-8 cm away from the seeds.
5. The high-quality cultivation technique of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, pig manure is used as base fertilizer, 1-2 tons of the pig manure is applied to each mu, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the top dressing fertilizer is 1:2, 1:2.5 and 1: 3.
6. The high-quality cultivation technique of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the seeds should be prevented from contacting with the fertilizer during fertilization.
7. The high-quality cultivation technique of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fifth step, after the granulation stage, performing topdressing to accelerate granulation, granulation increase and weight increase.
8. The high-quality cultivation technique of soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, the pest control and growth later stage mainly controls soybean pod borers, pod borers and gray leaf spot diseases, and the spraying control frequency is 2-4 times.
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