CN117770123A - Planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice - Google Patents
Planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice, and relates to the technical field of crop planting. According to the invention, the disease-resistant rice plum No. 4, the hybrid rice maintainer line Fu 1B, the sterile line Fu rice A and the restorer line Guangfu 998 are selected for cross breeding, so that a new rice variety with higher maturing rate and good disease resistance is obtained, the new variety is planted, the seedling is grown by using special culture medium soil for seedling culture in the seedling growing process, and an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is applied after soil preparation, thereby effectively improving the yield of rice, improving the soil property and realizing stable and high yield of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice.
Background
Rice is one of the important grain crops for human beings, plays a very important role in grain production, and the yield of the rice is related to the survival of human beings. The rice cultivation and planting history is long, the rice blast is one of the most important diseases which damage the rice production, the grain yield reduction caused by the diseases becomes one of the main reasons for slow grain yield increase in China, and the pesticide spraying for preventing and controlling the diseases causes serious environmental pollution and has poor effect. Two rice varieties with certain genetic difference and complementary excellent characters are selected for hybridization, and the hybrid rice with hybrid vigor is produced.
Chinese patent CN201210374817.6 discloses a method for producing hybrid rice seeds of deep 95 excellent 837, which comprises selecting an inbred line, safely isolating, timely sowing and adjusting the sowing period, using 920 technique and artificial supplementary pollination, removing impurities and inferior, timely harvesting, using sterile line of deep 95A as female parent and restoring line of Jia Z837R as male parent, and producing hybrid rice seeds of deep 95 excellent 837.
Chinese patent CN201910091665.0 discloses a breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps: s1, hybridizing a first rice line with full grains and high yield with a second rice line with disease resistance to obtain F1 generation rice; s3, selecting F2 generation rice to carry out 4 times of selfing, selecting full-grain and disease-resistant plants as F3 generation rice, and respectively hybridizing the F3 generation rice with a first rice line and a disease-resistant second rice line to obtain F4 generation rice and F5 generation rice; s4, hybridizing the rice of the F4 generation and the rice of the F5 generation to obtain rice of the F6 generation; s5, selecting plants which are in the F6 generation rice and meet the pollen vitality measurement and sexual observation, carrying out selfing by combining the single plant yield during seed harvesting, and carrying out multi-point high yield, stable yield and disease resistance identification.
The performance of the hybrid rice variety still cannot meet the production requirement at present and cannot have higher disease resistance and yield, so a high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice planting method is needed to meet the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice, which is simple, easy to realize large-scale production and popularization, and can effectively improve the yield of rice, improve the soil property and realize stable and high yield of rice.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Hybridizing the disease-resistant rice with the hybrid rice maintainer line to obtain F1-generation rice, and backcrossing the F1-generation rice with a hybrid rice sterile line; screening single rice plants with the maturation time, plant height and spike length similar to those of the hybrid rice maintainer line, carrying out paired test cross on the single rice plants and the hybrid rice sterile line, and reserving a plant line capable of maintaining sterile characteristics to obtain the disease-resistant rice maintainer line;
(2) Hybridizing the hybrid rice sterile line with the disease-resistant rice maintainer line obtained in the step (1) to obtain a disease-resistant rice sterile line;
(3) Hybridizing the disease-resistant rice sterile line obtained in the step (2) with a hybrid rice restorer line to obtain a new rice variety; wherein,
the disease-resistant rice is oryzanol 4, the hybrid rice maintainer line is Fu 1B, the hybrid rice sterile line is Fu rice A, and the hybrid rice restorer line is Guanghui 998.
Through the adoption of the breeding method, firstly, paddy rice with disease resistance is hybridized and backcrossed with a retaining line Fu 1B, paddy rice with the maturation time, plant height and spike length similar to those of a hybrid paddy rice retaining line is screened out, a paddy rice retaining line with good disease resistance is obtained through paired test cross with a sterile line Fu rice A, then the paddy rice is hybridized with the sterile line Fu rice A to obtain a sterile line of disease resistant paddy rice, and finally the hybrid rice is hybridized with a recovery line Guanghui 998 to obtain new variety hybrid paddy rice. The new hybrid rice obtained by the hybridization has higher setting percentage and good disease resistance, and simultaneously considers the adaptability of the quality of the rice, so that the setting percentage of the new hybrid rice reaches more than 93%, thereby improving the yield of the rice.
The invention also provides a planting method of the high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation;
s2, sowing and raising seedlings of the new rice variety obtained by the breeding method;
s3, transplanting seedlings;
s4, field management.
Further, in step S1, the soil preparation includes the steps of: spraying herbicide in the rice field for weeding, rotary tillage the land, and rotary tillage the exposed rice field by using a rotary cultivator to enable the field surface to be flat, the depth of loose layers to be 15-20 cm, and applying an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer 1-2 days before sowing, wherein the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer with the mass ratio of 10:2-4, and the fertilizing amount of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 35-45 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer,
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components: poultry manure, tea leaves residues, vinasse and sodium tartrate in a mass ratio of 50-65:15-25:10-20:1-3;
the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following components: calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 1-1.3:1-1.2:1.
Most preferably, in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer,
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components: poultry manure, tea leaves residues, vinasse and sodium tartrate in a mass ratio of 62:20:16:2;
the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following components: calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 1.2:1:1.
The invention provides the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, wherein the inorganic fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and can provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements required by rice growth, but only the inorganic fertilizer is used, so that the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for rice in actual production are low, a large amount of compound fertilizer is required to be applied to provide the nutrients required by rice growth, waste is caused, and soil property and soil fertility are reduced. The organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are mixed and applied according to a certain proportion, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises poultry manure, tea dregs, vinasse and sodium tartrate, the poultry manure is at least one of cow manure, pig manure or chicken manure, the tea dregs are residues after tea making, and the vinasse is yellow wine vinasse after fermentation; the poultry manure, the tea dregs, the vinasse and the sodium tartrate are matched with the inorganic fertilizer, and the components are synergistic, so that the fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other medium and trace elements for promoting the growth of rice, the utilization rate of crops to the nutrients of the compound fertilizer is improved, and the growth and development of the crops are promoted, so that the yield of the rice is improved; in addition, the combination of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer reduces the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer and the damage to soil, thereby being beneficial to improving the soil property.
Further, in step S2, the seeding and seedling raising process includes the following steps:
the culture medium soil for seedling culture is watered thoroughly, new rice varieties are sown, and the sowing quantity is 170-200g dry seeds/m 2 And (3) covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 0.5-1.0 cm, and transplanting when seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one heart.
Preferably, the culture medium soil for raising seedlings comprises the following components: 20-35 parts of common soil, 20-30 parts of decomposed straw, 10-20 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 3-5 parts of bean pulp, 2-5 parts of oil residue, 0.05-0.2 part of xanthan gum, 0.5-2 parts of humic acid and 1-10 parts of compound fertilizer.
Most preferably, the culture medium soil for raising seedlings comprises the following components: 30 parts of common soil, 26 parts of decomposed straw, 14 parts of sawdust, 8 parts of vermiculite, 4 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of oil residue, 0.4 part of xanthan gum, 0.1 part of humic acid and 7 parts of compound fertilizer.
The invention provides the special culture medium soil for seedling culture, wherein the decomposed straw is prepared by taking corn straw, rice straw or wheat straw as raw materials, stacking under natural conditions, sealing and fermenting for 1-2 months, turning piles once every 5-7 days in the fermentation process, and sieving after the fermentation is finished to obtain the decomposed straw with the grain diameter of 0.8-1.5 mm; the soybean meal is cake meal obtained after soybean oil is extracted from soybean, and the soybean meal contains 46% of crude protein and various amino acids such as lysine; the oil foot is residue separated after oil refining, the main components are fatty acid in sodium soap form and neutral oil, and the oil foot is firstly dried until the water content is below 30% when in use; the compound fertilizer is a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, wherein the content of potassium sulfate is 52%. The invention can realize rapid emergence of rice seeds by scientifically mixing the culture medium soil for seedling culture, has high germination rate, remarkably improves the operation efficiency of rice seedling culture, has strong seedling bodies, developed root systems and disease and insect resistance, is favorable for rapid seedling recovery after transplanting, enhances the growth vigor of the seedlings, and further remarkably improves the yield of rice.
Further, in step S3, the seedling transplanting includes the steps of: healthy seedlings with the seedling emergence height of 18-19 cm and 4-5 leaves are screened, the height of a water layer in a rice field is kept to be 5-8 cm after the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting density of the seedlings is 1.5-1.8 ten thousand holes per mu.
Further, in step S4, the field management includes fertilization, daily irrigation and weeding. Generally, the field management is carried out according to the growth process of rice, the physical and chemical conditions of soil, the climate conditions and the like. The irrigation principle is that irrigation is carried out when drought occurs, and irrigation is carried out in the growth vigorous period of the upland rice, such as the tillering period, the jointing period and the heading period.
Preferably, the fertilizing comprises fertilizing in a tillering stage and a heading stage; wherein,
fertilizing in tillering stage: applying a nitrogenous fertilizer after transplanting for 3-5 days to promote rice tillering, wherein the application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 7-10 kg/mu;
fertilization in heading period: applying a compound fertilizer consisting of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer when the heading rate reaches more than 70%, wherein the application amount is 3-5 kg/mu, and applying 3-4 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer when the heading rate reaches more than 90%; wherein, the compound fertilizer comprises poultry manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 10:3-4:3-5:2-3.
According to the method, according to the growth characteristics of the rice in each growth period, the compound fertilizer consisting of the poultry manure and the inorganic fertilizer is respectively applied in the tillering period and the heading period, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the later period, so that the fertilizer required in different stages of the rice growth can be met, the waste of the fertilizer is reduced, and the yield of the rice is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the new hybrid rice variety obtained by the invention has higher setting percentage and good disease resistance, and simultaneously considers the adaptability of the quality of the rice, so that the setting percentage of the new hybrid rice variety reaches more than 93%, thereby improving the yield of the rice.
2. The invention plants the new rice variety after raising the seedlings, and the special culture medium soil for raising the seedlings is used in the raising process, so that the rapid emergence of rice seeds can be realized, the germination rate is high, the operation efficiency of raising the seedlings of the rice is obviously improved, the obtained seedlings are strong in seedling body, developed in root system and resistant to diseases and insect pests, the rapid seedling recovery after transplanting is facilitated, the growth vigor of the seedlings is enhanced, and the yield of the rice is obviously improved.
3. In the rice planting process, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is applied after soil preparation, and the compound fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and also contains other medium and trace elements for promoting rice growth, so that the utilization rate of crops to the nutrients of the compound fertilizer is improved, the growth and development of crops are promoted, and the yield of rice is improved; in addition, the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer is reduced by the combination of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer, and the damage to soil is reduced, so that the soil property is improved.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples will enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The following is merely exemplary of the scope of the invention as claimed and many variations and modifications of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the disclosure, which are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
The invention is further illustrated by means of the following specific examples. The various chemical reagents used in the examples of the present invention were obtained by conventional commercial means unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The disease-resistant rice plum No. 4 is hybridized with the hybrid rice maintainer line Fu 1B to obtain F1-generation rice, and then the F1-generation rice is backcrossed with the hybrid rice sterile line Fu A; screening single rice plants with the maturation time, plant height and spike length similar to those of the hybrid rice maintainer line, carrying out paired test cross on the single rice plants and the hybrid rice sterile line, and reserving a plant line capable of maintaining sterile characteristics to obtain the disease-resistant rice maintainer line;
(2) Hybridizing the disease-resistant rice maintainer line obtained in the step (1) of the hybrid rice sterile line to obtain a disease-resistant rice sterile line;
(3) And (3) hybridizing the disease-resistant rice sterile line obtained in the step (2) with a hybrid rice restorer Guanghui 998 to obtain a new rice variety.
Example 2
A planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation:
spraying herbicide in a rice field for weeding, rotary tillage the land, and rotary tillage the exposed rice field by using a rotary cultivator to enable the field surface to be flat and loose, wherein the depth of a layer is 20cm, and applying an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer 1 day before sowing, wherein the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:2, and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises: poultry manure (cow manure, pig manure and chicken manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), tea residues, vinasse and sodium tartrate, wherein the mass ratio of the poultry manure to the tea residues to the vinasse to the sodium tartrate is 55:25:17:3; the inorganic fertilizer comprises calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
S2, sowing and seedling raising: the seedling culture medium soil is watered thoroughly, the new rice variety of the example 1 is sown, and the sowing amount is 170g dry seeds/m 2 Covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 1.0cm, and transplanting when seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one center;
wherein, the culture medium soil for seedling culture comprises the following components: 25 parts of common soil, 30 parts of decomposed straw, 10 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of oil residue, 0.05 part of xanthan gum, 2 parts of humic acid and 8 parts of compound fertilizer.
S3, transplanting seedlings: healthy seedlings with the seedling emergence height of 20cm and 4 or 5 leaves are screened, the height of a water layer in a rice field is kept to be 8cm after the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.5 ten thousand acupoints per mu.
S4, field management: fertilizing, daily irrigation and weeding are carried out on the paddy field; wherein the fertilization comprises fertilization in a tillering stage and a heading stage;
fertilizing in tillering stage: applying a nitrogenous fertilizer after 3 days of transplanting, and promoting rice tillering, wherein the application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 10 kg/mu;
fertilization in heading period: applying a compound fertilizer consisting of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer when the heading rate reaches more than 70%, wherein the application amount is 5 kg/mu, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer of 3 kg/mu when the heading rate reaches more than 90%; wherein the compound fertilizer comprises poultry manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 10:3:3:2.
Example 3
A planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation:
spraying herbicide in a rice field for weeding, rotary tillage the land, and rotary tillage the exposed rice field by using a rotary cultivator to enable the field surface to be flat and loose, wherein the depth of a layer is 20cm, and applying an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer 1 day before sowing, wherein the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:3, and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises: poultry manure (cow manure, pig manure and chicken manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), tea residues, vinasse and sodium tartrate, wherein the mass ratio of the poultry manure to the tea residues to the vinasse to the sodium tartrate is 60:23:15:2; the inorganic fertilizer comprises: calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in the mass ratio of 1.2:1:1.
S2, sowing and seedling raising: the seedling culture medium soil is watered thoroughly, the new rice variety of the example 1 is sown, and the sowing amount is 200g dry seeds/m 2 Covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 1.0cm, and transplanting when seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one center;
wherein, the culture medium soil for seedling culture comprises the following components: 30 parts of common soil, 26 parts of decomposed straw, 14 parts of sawdust, 8 parts of vermiculite, 4 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of oil residue, 0.1 part of xanthan gum, 1 part of humic acid and 8 parts of compound fertilizer.
S3, transplanting seedlings: healthy seedlings with the seedling emergence height of 20cm and 4 or 5 leaves are screened, the height of a water layer in a rice field is kept to be 8cm after the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.5 ten thousand acupoints per mu.
S4, field management: fertilizing, daily irrigation and weeding are carried out on the paddy field; wherein the fertilization comprises fertilization in a tillering stage and a heading stage;
fertilizing in tillering stage: applying a nitrogenous fertilizer after 3 days of transplanting, and promoting rice tillering, wherein the application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 10 kg/mu;
fertilization in heading period: applying a compound fertilizer consisting of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer when the heading rate reaches more than 70%, wherein the application amount is 5 kg/mu, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer of 3 kg/mu when the heading rate reaches more than 90%; wherein the compound fertilizer comprises poultry manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 10:4:5:3.
Example 4
A planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation:
spraying herbicide in a rice field for weeding, rotary tillage the land, and rotary tillage the exposed rice field by using a rotary cultivator to enable the field surface to be flat and loose, wherein the depth of a layer is 20cm, and applying an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer 1 day before sowing, wherein the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:4, and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises: poultry manure (cow manure, pig manure and chicken manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), tea residues, vinasse and sodium tartrate, wherein the mass ratio of the poultry manure to the tea residues to the vinasse to the sodium tartrate is 65:20:14:1; the inorganic fertilizer comprises: calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in the mass ratio of 1.3:1.2:1.
S2, sowing and seedling raising: the seedling culture medium soil is watered thoroughly, the new rice variety of the example 1 is sown, and the sowing amount is 200g dry seeds/m 2 Soil is covered after sowing,the thickness of the soil is 0.5cm, and when the seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one center, transplanting can be carried out;
wherein, the culture medium soil for seedling culture comprises the following components: 35 parts of common soil, 20 parts of decomposed straw, 20 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of oil residue, 0.2 part of xanthan gum, 0.5 part of humic acid and 8 parts of compound fertilizer.
S3, transplanting seedlings: healthy seedlings with the seedling emergence height of 20cm and 4 or 5 leaves are screened, the height of a water layer in a rice field is kept to be 8cm after the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.5 ten thousand acupoints per mu.
S4, field management: fertilizing, daily irrigation and weeding are carried out on the paddy field; wherein the fertilization comprises fertilization in a tillering stage and a heading stage;
fertilizing in tillering stage: applying a nitrogenous fertilizer after 3 days of transplanting, and promoting rice tillering, wherein the application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 10 kg/mu;
fertilization in heading period: applying a compound fertilizer consisting of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer when the heading rate reaches more than 70%, wherein the application amount is 5 kg/mu, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer of 3 kg/mu when the heading rate reaches more than 90%; wherein the compound fertilizer comprises poultry manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 10:4:5:3.
Comparative example 1
A high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice planting method is different from example 3 in that the rice variety is replaced by a number 4 rice, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation:
spraying herbicide in a rice field for weeding, rotary tillage the land, and rotary tillage the exposed rice field by using a rotary cultivator to enable the field surface to be flat and loose, wherein the depth of a layer is 20cm, and applying an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer 1 day before sowing, wherein the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:3, and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises: poultry manure (cow manure, pig manure and chicken manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), tea residues, vinasse and sodium tartrate, wherein the mass ratio of the poultry manure to the tea residues to the vinasse to the sodium tartrate is 60:23:15:2; the inorganic fertilizer comprises: calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in the mass ratio of 1.2:1:1.
S2, sowing and seedling raising: the seedling culture medium soil is watered thoroughly, the new rice variety of the example 1 is sown, and the sowing amount is 200g dry seeds/m 2 Covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 1.0cm, and transplanting when seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one center;
wherein, the culture medium soil for seedling culture comprises the following components: 30 parts of common soil, 26 parts of decomposed straw, 14 parts of sawdust, 8 parts of vermiculite, 4 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of oil residue, 0.1 part of xanthan gum, 1 part of humic acid and 8 parts of compound fertilizer.
S3, transplanting seedlings: healthy seedlings with the seedling emergence height of 20cm and 4 or 5 leaves are screened, the height of a water layer in a rice field is kept to be 8cm after the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.5 ten thousand acupoints per mu.
S4, field management: fertilizing, daily irrigation and weeding are carried out on the paddy field; wherein the fertilization comprises fertilization in a tillering stage and a heading stage;
fertilizing in tillering stage: applying a nitrogenous fertilizer after 3 days of transplanting, and promoting rice tillering, wherein the application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 10 kg/mu;
fertilization in heading period: applying a compound fertilizer consisting of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer when the heading rate reaches more than 70%, wherein the application amount is 5 kg/mu, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer of 3 kg/mu when the heading rate reaches more than 90%; wherein the compound fertilizer comprises poultry manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 10:4:5:3.
Comparative example 2
A method for planting high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice, which is different from example 3 in that a compound fertilizer is applied in the soil preparation process, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation:
spraying herbicide in a rice field for weeding, rotary tillage the land, and rotary tillage the exposed rice field by using a rotary cultivator to enable the field surface to be flat and loose, wherein the depth of a layer is 20cm, and applying an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer 1 day before sowing, wherein the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:3, and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu;
wherein, the formula of the inorganic fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is unchanged, and the formula of the organic fertilizer is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
S2, sowing and seedling raising: the seedling culture medium soil is watered thoroughly, the new rice variety of the example 1 is sown, and the sowing amount is 200g dry seeds/m 2 Covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 1.0cm, and transplanting when seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one center;
wherein, the culture medium soil for seedling culture comprises the following components: 30 parts of common soil, 26 parts of decomposed straw, 14 parts of sawdust, 8 parts of vermiculite, 4 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of oil residue, 0.1 part of xanthan gum, 1 part of humic acid and 8 parts of compound fertilizer.
S3, transplanting seedlings: healthy seedlings with the seedling emergence height of 20cm and 4 or 5 leaves are screened, the height of a water layer in a rice field is kept to be 8cm after the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.5 ten thousand acupoints per mu.
S4, field management: fertilizing, daily irrigation and weeding are carried out on the paddy field; wherein the fertilization comprises fertilization in a tillering stage and a heading stage;
fertilizing in tillering stage: applying a nitrogenous fertilizer after 3 days of transplanting, and promoting rice tillering, wherein the application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 10 kg/mu;
fertilization in heading period: applying a compound fertilizer consisting of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer when the heading rate reaches more than 70%, wherein the application amount is 5 kg/mu, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer of 3 kg/mu when the heading rate reaches more than 90%; wherein the compound fertilizer comprises poultry manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 10:4:5:3.
Comparative example 3
A planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice, which is different from example 3 in the formula of culture medium soil for seedling in the seeding and seedling process of step S2, specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation:
spraying herbicide in a rice field for weeding, rotary tillage the land, and rotary tillage the exposed rice field by using a rotary cultivator to enable the field surface to be flat and loose, wherein the depth of a layer is 20cm, and applying an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer 1 day before sowing, wherein the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:3, and the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu;
wherein, the organic fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises: poultry manure (cow manure, pig manure and chicken manure in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), tea residues, vinasse and sodium tartrate, wherein the mass ratio of the poultry manure to the tea residues to the vinasse to the sodium tartrate is 60:23:15:2; the inorganic fertilizer comprises: calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in the mass ratio of 1.2:1:1.
S2, sowing and seedling raising: the seedling culture medium soil is watered thoroughly, the new rice variety of the example 1 is sown, and the sowing amount is 200g dry seeds/m 2 Covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 1.0cm, and transplanting when seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one center;
wherein the formula of the culture medium soil for seedling culture is shown in the following table 2
TABLE 2
| Ingredients and content | Comparative example 3-1 | Comparative example 3-2 | Comparative examples 3 to 3 | Comparative examples 3 to 4 |
| Common soil | 30 parts of | 30 parts of | 15 parts of | 40 parts of |
| Thoroughly decomposed straw | 26 parts of | 26 parts of | 35 parts of | 15 parts of |
| Saw dust | 14 parts of | 14 parts of | 22 parts of | 8 parts of |
| Vermiculite | 8 parts of | 8 parts of | 3 parts of | 12 parts of |
| Bean pulp | —— | 4 parts of | 2 parts of | 7 parts of |
| Oil foot | 4 parts of | —— | 7 parts of | 1 part of |
| Xanthan gum | 0.1 part | 0.1 part | 0.01 part | 0.3 part |
| Humic acid | 1 part of | 1 part of | 2.5 parts of | 0.2 part |
| Compound fertilizer | 8 parts of | 8 parts of | 8 parts of | 8 parts of |
S3, transplanting seedlings: healthy seedlings with the seedling emergence height of 20cm and 4 or 5 leaves are screened, the height of a water layer in a rice field is kept to be 8cm after the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting density of the seedlings is as follows: 1.5 ten thousand acupoints per mu.
S4, field management: fertilizing, daily irrigation and weeding are carried out on the paddy field; wherein the fertilization comprises fertilization in a tillering stage and a heading stage;
fertilizing in tillering stage: applying a nitrogenous fertilizer after 3 days of transplanting, and promoting rice tillering, wherein the application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 10 kg/mu;
fertilization in heading period: applying a compound fertilizer consisting of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer when the heading rate reaches more than 70%, wherein the application amount is 5 kg/mu, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer of 3 kg/mu when the heading rate reaches more than 90%; wherein the compound fertilizer comprises poultry manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 10:4:5:3.
Test example 1
The germination rates of rice 3 days after sowing and raising seedlings in examples 2 to 4 and comparative example 3 were observed, and the results are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Group of | Germination percentage (%) |
| Example 2 | 100％ |
| Example 3 | 100％ |
| Example 4 | 100％ |
| Comparative example 3-1 | 90.4％ |
| Comparative example 3-2 | 91.2％ |
| Comparative examples 3 to 3 | 96.3％ |
| Comparative examples 3 to 4 | 94.6％ |
The result shows that the germination rate of the rice in the embodiment of the invention reaches 100% after 3 days of sowing and seedling raising, namely all the rice germinates, and the germination rate of the rice in the comparative example 3 after 3 days of sowing and seedling raising is obviously lower than that of the rice in the embodiment 2, so that the scientific compatibility of the components in the culture medium soil for seedling raising provided by the invention is beneficial to promoting the rapid germination of rice seeds.
Test example 2
The numbers of 1 ten thousand plants of rice planted in the methods described in examples 2 to 4 and comparative example 1 were selected, the numbers of black streaked dwarf, downy mildew of rice and sheath blight disease plants were counted, and the disease rates were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 4 below.
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Group of | Disease rate (%) |
| Example 2 | 0.16 |
| Example 3 | 0.02 |
| Example 4 | 0.11 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.2 |
The results show that the disease rate of the rice in the examples 2 to 4 of the present invention is lower than 0.2%, and the rice has good disease prevention effect.
Test example 3
The setting rate and acre yield of the rice in examples 2 to 4, comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 5 below.
TABLE 5
The result shows that the rice obtained by the method has high fruiting rate and high mu yield, the paddy plum No. 4 is directly planted in the comparative example 1, the fruiting rate and mu yield of the rice are lower than those of the embodiment, the formula of the fertilizer used in the soil preparation in the comparative example 2 is different, the fruiting rate and mu yield of the rice are lower than those of the embodiment, the formula of the culture medium soil used in the seedling raising process in the comparative example 3 is different, the fruiting rate and mu yield of the rice are also lower than those of the embodiment, and the yield of the rice can be improved by selecting the novel rice variety, the culture medium soil used in the seedling raising and the fertilizer provided by the invention in the rice planting process.
Test example 4
Soil volume weight and total porosity before and after rice planting were measured, and the rate of change of the soil volume weight and total porosity was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 6 below.
TABLE 6
| Group of | Soil volume weight reduction rate (%) | Total porosity rise (%) |
| Example 2 | 8.03 | 4.88 |
| Example 3 | 8.27 | 5.25 |
| Example 4 | 8.21 | 5.15 |
| Comparative example 2-1 | 5.41 | 2.24 |
| Comparative examples 2 to 2 | 5.88 | 2.47 |
| Comparative examples 2 to 3 | 6.61 | 3.82 |
| Comparative examples 2 to 4 | 5.90 | 2.70 |
| Comparative examples 2 to 5 | 6.33 | 3.78 |
The result shows that the soil volume weight of the field is obviously reduced, the total porosity is obviously improved, and the soil property is improved before and after the rice planting. Compared with the embodiment, the change amplitude of the soil volume weight and the total porosity in the comparative examples 2-1 to 2-15 is obviously lower, and the influence of the formula of the fertilizer on the soil quality is larger, so that the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer provided by the invention can obviously reduce the soil volume weight of the field, improve the total porosity and improve the soil property when being applied to soil preparation.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Hybridizing the disease-resistant rice with the hybrid rice maintainer line to obtain F1-generation rice, and backcrossing the F1-generation rice with a hybrid rice sterile line; screening single rice plants with the maturation time, plant height and spike length similar to those of the hybrid rice maintainer line, carrying out paired test cross on the single rice plants and the hybrid rice sterile line, and reserving a plant line capable of maintaining sterile characteristics to obtain the disease-resistant rice maintainer line;
(2) Hybridizing the hybrid rice sterile line with the disease-resistant rice maintainer line obtained in the step (1) to obtain a disease-resistant rice sterile line;
(3) Hybridizing the disease-resistant rice sterile line obtained in the step (2) with a hybrid rice restorer line to obtain a new rice variety; wherein,
the disease-resistant rice is oryzanol 4, the hybrid rice maintainer line is Fu 1B, the hybrid rice sterile line is Fu rice A, and the hybrid rice restorer line is Guanghui 998.
2. A planting method of high-yield disease-resistant hybrid rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil preparation;
s2, sowing and raising seedlings of the new rice variety obtained by the breeding method of claim 1;
s3, transplanting seedlings;
s4, field management.
3. The planting method according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the soil preparation comprises the steps of: the herbicide is sprayed in the rice field to weed, the soil is rotary-tilled, the rotary cultivator is utilized to rotary-tille the exposed rice field, so that the field surface is flat, the depth of loose layers is 15-20 cm, and the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is applied 1-2 days before sowing, and is prepared by mixing the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer with the mass ratio of 10:2-4.
4. The planting method according to claim 3, wherein in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer,
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components: poultry manure, tea leaves residues, vinasse and sodium tartrate in a mass ratio of 50-65:15-25:10-20:1-3;
the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following components: calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 1-1.3:1-1.2:1.
5. The planting method according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the seeding and seedling raising process comprises the steps of:
the culture medium soil for seedling culture is watered thoroughly, new rice varieties are sown, and the sowing quantity is 170-200g dry seeds/m 2 And (3) covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 0.5-1.0 cm, and transplanting when seedlings grow to the height of three leaves and one heart.
6. The planting method according to claim 5, wherein the culture medium soil for raising seedlings comprises the following components: 20-35 parts of common soil, 20-30 parts of decomposed straw, 10-20 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 3-5 parts of bean pulp, 2-5 parts of oil residue, 0.05-0.2 part of xanthan gum, 0.5-2 parts of humic acid and 1-10 parts of compound fertilizer.
7. The planting method according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, the seedling transplanting comprises the steps of: healthy seedlings with the seedling emergence height of 18-19 cm and 4-5 leaves are screened, the height of a water layer in a rice field is kept to be 5-8 cm after the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting density of the seedlings is 1.5-1.8 ten thousand holes per mu.
8. The planting method of claim 2 wherein in step S4, the field management comprises fertilization, daily irrigation and weeding.
9. The planting method according to claim 8, wherein the fertilizing includes fertilizing at tillering stage, heading stage; wherein,
fertilizing in tillering stage: applying a nitrogenous fertilizer after transplanting for 3-5 days to promote rice tillering, wherein the application amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 7-10 kg/mu;
fertilization in heading period: and applying a compound fertilizer consisting of poultry manure and an inorganic fertilizer when the heading rate reaches over 70%, wherein the application amount is 3-5 kg/mu, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer of 3-4 kg/mu when the heading rate reaches over 90%.
10. The planting method according to claim 9, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises poultry manure, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in a mass ratio of 10:3-4:3-5:2-3.
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