CN108541542B - Light-simplified high-yield high-efficiency planting mode for cotton field - Google Patents
Light-simplified high-yield high-efficiency planting mode for cotton field Download PDFInfo
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- CN108541542B CN108541542B CN201810258246.7A CN201810258246A CN108541542B CN 108541542 B CN108541542 B CN 108541542B CN 201810258246 A CN201810258246 A CN 201810258246A CN 108541542 B CN108541542 B CN 108541542B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
Abstract
The invention provides a simplified high-yield high-efficiency planting mode for a cotton field, which further limits wheat (rape) variety selection and seeding quantity, wheat (rape) fertilization, cotton variety selection, cotton seeding and seedling raising, cotton field fertilization and weeding, cotton planting density, chemical regulation and pest control by adopting two different planting modes of cotton transplantation or direct cotton sowing. The invention solves the problem of reduced yield and quality caused by shortened effective flowering and boll-forming period of cotton by changing the traditional wheat (rape) cotton continuous cropping planting mode; the whole wheat (rape) plant is used as a green feed source, the feeding nutritional value is high, and the development of a silage wheat (rape) -cotton continuous cropping mode has profound significance for promoting the development of animal husbandry, improving the income of cotton fields and promoting the income increase of cotton farmers; and greatly improves the yield and the quality of cotton and saves labor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a simple high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode for cotton fields.
Background
Cotton is an important economic crop and a raw material for textile industry in China. The double cropping of the wheat (oil) cotton is one of the main planting modes of the cotton area in the Yangtze river basin, and in order to meet the requirement of mechanized production, the traditional wheat (oil) cotton sleeve planting mode is gradually changed into a wheat (oil) cotton continuous cropping planting mode. The mature harvest of the rape in Yangtze river basin is generally in the middle ten days of 5 months, the mature harvest period of the wheat is generally in the late 5 months, and the growth period of transplanting cotton after wheat (wheat oil) or directly sowing cotton after wheat (wheat oil) is more than 20 days later than that of conventional interplanting cotton, so that the effective flowering and boll setting period of the cotton is shortened, and the yield and the quality are reduced to different degrees. In recent years, the animal husbandry in China develops rapidly, the demand for high-quality, safe and efficient feed is increased day by day, the whole plant of wheat (rape) as a green feed source has high nutritive value, and the development of a silage wheat (rape) -cotton continuous cropping mode has profound significance for promoting the development of the animal husbandry, improving the income of cotton fields and promoting the income increase of cotton farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a light, simple, high-yield and high-efficiency cotton field planting mode, which can improve the yield and quality of cotton, reduce labor and improve the yield of the cotton field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method of a light, simple, high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode for a cotton field specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the planting mode design: at the later growth stage of cotton or after harvesting, sowing the cotton with a drill or sowing the cotton with the wheat or the rape as the previous crop in full width, wherein the sowing time of the rape is from the middle ten days of 10 months, the sowing time of the wheat is from the late ten days of 10 months to the early ten days of 11 months, the next year is from the bottom of 4 months to the early 5 months, the rape enters the milk maturity period, and the wheat enters the milk maturity later period to the wax maturity period and then mechanically harvests the bale and coats silage; transplanting cotton, in the middle late 4 months, adopting a nutrition pot double-film covering seedling culture or a plug substrate seedling culture, and transplanting the board stubble after the silage wheat (rape) is mechanically harvested; directly sowing cotton, harvesting silage wheat (rape) mechanically, then carrying out rotary tillage, and sowing by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine after soil is sunk;
step two: wheat or oilseed rape varieties: the wheat variety is a medium-early-maturing variety which is suitable for local climate, strong in adaptability, thick and strong in stem, moderate in plant height and strong in tillering force; the rape variety is selected from high-quality double-low rape seed rape;
step three: fertilizing wheat (rape): applying fertilizer according to soil fertility conditions at the early stage of wheat (rape), wherein the fertilizer for removing wheat (fertilizer for rape) is generally in late 3 months and every 667m2Applying 15kg of special compound fertilizer for wheat (rape);
step four: selecting cotton varieties: the transplanted cotton is selected from 1279 cotton, Hubei miscellaneous cotton 34, Suza No. 6 and the like which are high-quality multi-resistance hybrid cotton varieties suitable for being planted in the cotton area; the direct seeding cotton is selected from a premature variety CN 01;
step five: sowing and seedling raising of cotton: according to the planting mode of the first step, sowing on the sunny days in cold tail and warm head days, sunning before sowing, covering with double films, airing a bed, hardening seedlings, squatting seedlings at proper time after cotton seedlings are grown out, cultivating strong seedlings, and preventing and treating diseases in the seedling stage; the direct seeding cotton is operated by a cotton seeding and fertilizing integrated machine;
step six: fertilizing and weeding in cotton fields;
step seven: the cotton planting density is as follows: each 667m of transplanted cotton2Transplanting density 1600-; 3500 strain and 4000 strain cotton were directly sown;
step eight: adjusting: every 667m when cotton seedling is 30 cm high2Adding mepiquat chloride 0.5-0.8g every 667m every 15-20 days2Then, 0.8-1g of mepiquat chloride is added, the dosage is gradually increased, 1.2g and 1.5g, before and after beginning of autumn, the dosage is 667m per each after cotton topping23-4g of mepiquat chloride is used for chemical control, and high-yield plant types are cultured by combining pruning;
step nine: and (3) pest control: after the cotton seedlings are transplanted, the cotton blind stink bugs are mainly prevented and treated for 1-2 times, and the time is 5-6 months; other insect pests are prevented and controlled for 3-5 times according to insect condition prediction and field occurrence conditions, and drug use is alternated to reduce resistance; the disease of the cotton field is mainly blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, on the basis of selecting resistant varieties, the use amounts of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer are increased, strong seedlings are cultivated, ditches are cleared, stains are drained, and the disease is controlled by the aid of medicaments.
Preferably, the variety of the middle and small wheat in the second step is one of Zheng wheat 9023, jaw wheat 23, jaw wheat 18, Yangmai 20 and the like.
Preferably, when urea is used as the fertilizer in the third step, the urea is used for 667m28-10kg of fertilizer is applied.
Preferably, the transplanting cotton is fertilized in the sixth step: base fertilizer is 667m per2Using 3-4kg of compound fertilizer or moderate-low content diamino, extracting seedling fertilizer per 667m22.5-4kg of urea and 667m of bud fertilizer are used225-28kg of compound fertilizer is applied in combination with intertillage weeding and stump heaping strips, and the flower bell fertilizer is applied every 667m235-40kg of compound fertilizer, 12-13kg of potash fertilizer, 1kg of borax and 0.25-0.30kg of zinc fertilizer are combined with intertillage weeding and ridging for furrow application, and each 667m of peach supplement fertilizer2Using 10-15kg of compound fertilizer and potassium7.5-8.0kg of fertilizer, and applying the fertilizer in combination with foliar spray fertilizer to see the growth vigor and growth phase of cotton; if the slow-release fertilizer is used, the fertilizer in the middle and later periods is completely applied by ditching for 1-2 times in the bud period, and the potassium fertilizer and urea are applied again after the seedlings are seen in the later period.
Weeding in a cotton field: acetochlor soil spray for preemergence weeding and isofluroxypyr spray for weeding in a cotton seedling stage for weed stem leaves in a directional mode; after budding, the grass-like phosphorus is used for directionally spraying the stem leaves of the weeds.
Preferably, the fertilizer applied to the direct seeding cotton in the sixth step is reduced by 10-15% compared with the transplanted cotton.
Preferably, the other pests in the step nine are cotton red spider, cotton aphid and cotton prodenia litura.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the invention changes the traditional wheat-cotton continuous cropping planting mode and solves the problem of yield and quality reduction caused by shortening the effective flowering and boll-forming period of cotton;
2) the invention takes the whole wheat (rape) plant as the green feed source, has high feeding nutritive value, and has profound significance for promoting the development of animal husbandry, improving the income of cotton fields and promoting the income increase of cotton farmers by developing a silage wheat (rape) -cotton continuous cropping mode;
3) the method applies the silage wheat (rape) -cotton field in Wu cave of Hubei province, simplifies the high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode, and generally every 667m2Produce 1500kg of silage wheat per 667m2The income is about 400 yuan, meanwhile, the large labor input in the later period of the wheat field is reduced, compared with the normal wheat harvest, the open space of the raised stubble is advanced by more than 20 days, and correspondingly, the growing period of the cotton field is prolonged by about 20 days; every 667m of cotton2Collecting about 350kg seed cotton, collecting over 2200 yuan, deducting and throwing 800 yuan, each 667m in cotton field2The net income is about 1800 Yuan, and the income is increased by 500 Yuan and 800 Yuan compared with the traditional transplanting cotton after wheat or direct seeding cotton.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be fully and clearly described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
The following examples are carried out in 2016 and 2017 in cotton field test areas of Wu cave in Hubei, and six test fields are respectively selected, wherein the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 5 test fields are planted by transplanting cotton; no. 3 and No. 4 test fields are in direct seeding mode; no. 6 is a control group, and is a traditional planting mode; and (4) eliminating external interference factors and comparing the yield of each test field.
Example 1 (test field No. 1):
the method comprises the following steps: the planting mode design: mechanically harvesting, bundling and coating silage from the late stage of milk maturity to the wax maturity stage of wheat after cotton is harvested in 2016 for 25 days in 10 months, mechanically harvesting, double-film covering and seedling in 2017 for 10 days in 4 months by using a nutrition pot, and transplanting plate stubbles after the silage wheat is mechanically harvested;
step two: wheat variety and seeding rate: the variety is selected from middle-early-maturing variety which is suitable for local climate, strong in adaptability, thick and strong in stem, moderate in plant height and strong in tillering force, and the wheat variety is Zheng wheat 9023.
Step three: fertilizing wheat: every 667m in 3 months and 10 days2Applying 15kg of compound fertilizer;
step four: selecting cotton varieties: the transplanted cotton is selected from 1279 high-quality hybrid cotton variety which is approved and suitable for the planting in the cotton area;
step five: sowing and seedling raising of cotton: according to the planting mode of the first step, sowing on the sunny days in cold tail and warm head days, sunning before sowing, covering with double films, airing a bed, hardening seedlings, squatting seedlings at proper time after cotton seedlings are grown out, cultivating strong seedlings, and preventing and treating diseases in the seedling stage;
step six: fertilizing and weeding in cotton field, base fertilizer is 667m each2Using 3kg of compound fertilizer or moderate-low content diamino, extracting seedling fertilizer per 667m22.5kg of urea and 667m of bud fertilizer are used225kg of compound fertilizer is applied in combination with intertillage weeding and stump heaping strips, and the flower bell fertilizer is applied every 667m235kg of compound fertilizer, 12kg of potash fertilizer, 1kg of borax and 0.25kg of zinc fertilizer are combined with intertillage weeding and ridging for furrow application, and each 667m of peach supplement fertilizer2The growth vigor and growth phase of cotton are observed to be applied by using 10kg of compound fertilizer and 7.5kg of potash fertilizer in combination with foliar spray fertilizer.
Step seven: the cotton planting density is as follows: each 667m of transplanted cotton2Transplanting 1800 plants;
step eight: adjusting: every 667m when cotton seedling is 30 cm high2Using mepiquat chloride 0.5g every 15 daysEvery 667m2Then 1g of mepiquat chloride is added, the dosage is gradually increased, the mixture is applied twice, the interval is half a month, 1.2g and 1.5g are sequentially added, and after 8 months and No. 1 topping, each 667m23g of mepiquat chloride is used for chemical control, and high-yield plant types are cultured by combining pruning;
step nine: and (3) pest control: after the cotton seedlings are transplanted, mirid is mainly prevented and treated for 2 times, the time is 5 months and 8 days and 5 months and 28 days; other insect pests such as cotton red spider, cotton aphid and cotton prodenia litura are prevented and controlled for 5 times according to insect condition prediction and field occurrence conditions, and drug application is alternated to reduce resistance; the disease of the cotton field is mainly blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, on the basis of selecting resistant varieties, the use amounts of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer are increased, strong seedlings are cultivated, ditches are cleared, stains are drained, and the disease is controlled by the aid of medicaments.
Example 2 (test field No. 2):
the method comprises the following steps: the planting mode design: in 2016, 11 and 5 days, after cotton is harvested, wheat is broadcast in full width, in 2017, 5 and 5 days, the wheat enters the late stage of milk maturity and begins to be mechanically harvested, bundled and coated for ensiling from the wax maturity; the transplanted cotton is cultivated by adopting a nutrition pot double-film covering seedling in 20 days after 4 months, and the cotton is transplanted after the silage wheat is mechanically harvested;
step two: wheat variety and seeding rate: the variety is a medium-early-maturing variety which is suitable for local climate, strong in adaptability, thick and strong in stem, moderate in plant height and strong in tillering force, and the wheat variety is Eimei 23.
Step three: fertilizing wheat: every 667m on 20 days of 3 months2Applying 8-10kg of urea;
step four: selecting cotton varieties: the transplanted cotton is selected from 1279 high-quality hybrid cotton variety which is approved and suitable for the planting in the cotton area;
step five: sowing and seedling raising of cotton: according to the planting mode of the first step, sowing on the sunny days in cold tail and warm head days, sunning before sowing, covering with double films, airing a bed, hardening seedlings, squatting seedlings at proper time after cotton seedlings are grown out, cultivating strong seedlings, and preventing and treating diseases in the seedling stage;
step six: fertilizing and weeding in cotton field, base fertilizer is 667m each24kg of compound fertilizer or moderate-low content diamino is used, and each 667m of seedling raising fertilizer is extracted24kg of urea and 667m of bud fertilizer are used2Use repeatedly28kg of mixed fertilizer is applied in a row in combination with intertillage weeding and root accumulation, and the flower bell fertilizer is applied every 667m240kg of compound fertilizer, 13kg of potash fertilizer, 1kg of borax and 0.30kg of zinc fertilizer are combined with intertillage weeding and ridging for furrow application, and each 667m of peach supplement fertilizer2Using 15kg of compound fertilizer and 8.0kg of potash fertilizer, and applying the compound fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in combination with foliar fertilizer spraying to observe the growth vigor and growth phase of cotton;
step seven: the cotton planting density is as follows: each 667m of transplanted cotton2Transplanting 2000 plants in density;
step eight: adjusting: every 667m when cotton seedling is 30 cm high2Using mepiquat chloride 0.8g every 667m every 18 days2Then 1g of mepiquat chloride is added, the dosage is gradually increased, the mixture is applied twice, the interval is half a month, 1.2g and 1.5g are sequentially added, and after 8 months and 7 days of topping, each 667m24g of mepiquat chloride is used for chemical control, and high-yield plant types are cultured by combining pruning;
step nine: and (3) pest control: after the cotton seedlings are transplanted, mirid is mainly prevented and treated for 2 times, the time is 5 months and 8 days and 5 months and 28 days; other insect pests such as cotton red spider, cotton aphid and cotton prodenia litura are prevented and controlled for 5 times according to insect condition prediction and field occurrence conditions, and drug application is alternated to reduce resistance; the disease of the cotton field is mainly blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, on the basis of selecting resistant varieties, the use amounts of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer are increased, strong seedlings are cultivated, ditches are cleared, stains are drained, and the disease is controlled by the aid of medicaments.
Example 3 (test field No. 3):
the method comprises the following steps: the planting mode design: in 2016, 10 and 25 days, after cotton is harvested, wheat is sowed in a drill way, in 2017, 4 and 28 days, wheat enters the late stage of milk maturity, and the mechanical harvest of the bundled envelope silage is started from the wax maturity stage; directly sowing cotton, harvesting the cotton in a silage wheat machine, carrying out rotary tillage, and sowing the cotton by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine after soil is settled;
step two: wheat variety and seeding rate: the variety is a medium-early-maturing variety which is suitable for local climate, strong in adaptability, thick and strong in stem, moderate in plant height and strong in tillering force, and the wheat variety is Eimei 23.
Step three: fertilizing wheat: at No. 3/22, each 667m2Applying 15kg of compound fertilizer;
step four: selecting cotton varieties: the direct seeding cotton is selected from a premature variety CN 01;
step five: cotton sowing: according to the planting mode of the first step, before sowing, sun-seeding is carried out, mechanical direct seeding is adopted, thinning and final singling are carried out in time after cotton seedlings are completely sown, and diseases in the seedling stage are prevented and treated;
step six: the cotton field is fertilized and weeding, and the fertilizer applied to the direct seeding cotton is 90 percent of that in example 1.
Step seven: the cotton planting density is as follows: directly sowing 4000 cotton plants;
step eight: adjusting: every 667m when cotton seedling is 30 cm high2Using mepiquat chloride 0.8g every 667m every 18 days2Then, 1g of mepiquat chloride is added, the dosage is gradually increased, 1.2g and 1.5g, and each 667m is measured after 8 months and 10 days in 201724g of mepiquat chloride is used for chemical control, and high-yield plant types are cultured by combining pruning;
step nine: and (3) pest control: the pesticide is used for preventing and treating mirid for 2 times, and the time is 5 months, 22 days and 6 months, 8 days; other insect pests such as cotton red spider, cotton aphid and cotton prodenia litura are prevented and controlled for 5 times according to insect condition prediction and field occurrence conditions, and drug application is alternated to reduce resistance; the disease of the cotton field is mainly blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, on the basis of selecting resistant varieties, the use amounts of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer are increased, strong seedlings are cultivated, ditches are cleared, stains are drained, and the disease is controlled by the aid of medicaments.
Example 4 (test field No. 4):
the method comprises the following steps: the planting mode design: in 2016, 11-month and 5-day, in the late growth period or after harvesting of cotton, sowing wheat in full width, in 2017, in 5-month and 5-day, mechanically harvesting, bundling and coating silage from the late milk stage to the wax stage of wheat; directly sowing cotton, harvesting the cotton in a silage wheat machine, carrying out rotary tillage, and sowing the cotton by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine after soil is settled;
step two: wheat variety and seeding rate: the variety is a medium-early-maturing variety which is suitable for local climate, strong in adaptability, thick and strong in stem, moderate in plant height and strong in tillering force, and the wheat variety is Yangmai 20.
Step three: fertilizing wheat: every 667m in 2016 years, 3 months and 20 days2Applying 15kg of compound fertilizer;
step four: selecting cotton varieties: the direct seeding cotton is selected from a premature variety CNO 1;
step five: cotton sowing: according to the planting mode of the first step, seeds are planted in the sun before sowing, double-film coverage is adopted, and after cotton seedlings are completely grown, the seedlings are thinned and fixed in time, and diseases in the seedling stage are prevented and treated;
step six: the cotton field is fertilized and weeding, and the fertilizer applied to the direct seeding cotton is 85 percent of that in example 2.
Step seven: the cotton planting density is as follows: directly sowing 4000 cotton plants;
step eight: adjusting: every 667m when cotton seedling is 30 cm high2Using mepiquat chloride 0.7g every 667m every 18 days2Then adding 1g of mepiquat chloride, gradually increasing the dosage, namely 1.2g and 1.5g, and topping every 667m after 8 months and 12 days24g of mepiquat chloride is used for chemical control, and high-yield plant types are cultured by combining pruning;
step nine: and (3) pest control: the pesticide is used for preventing and treating mirid for 2 times, and the time is 5 months, 22 days and 6 months, 8 days; other insect pests such as cotton red spider, cotton aphid and cotton prodenia litura are prevented and controlled for 5 times according to insect condition prediction and field occurrence conditions, and drug application is alternated to reduce resistance; the disease of the cotton field is mainly blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, on the basis of selecting resistant varieties, the use amounts of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer are increased, strong seedlings are cultivated, ditches are cleared, stains are drained, and the disease is controlled by the aid of medicaments.
Example 5 (test field No. 5):
the method comprises the following steps: the planting mode design: in 10/2016, at the later growth stage of cotton, the rape is broadcast in full width, in 5/1/2017, the rape enters the milk stage and is mechanically harvested, bundled and coated for ensiling; the transplanted cotton is cultivated by adopting a nutrition pot double-film covering seedling in 15 days after 4 months, and the stubble is transplanted after the silage rape is harvested mechanically;
step two: rape variety and seeding rate: the variety adopts double-low rape flower-oil hybrid 62, and the seed consumption is 0.3 kg;
step three: rape topdressing: every 667m in 3 months and 10 days2Applying 15kg of special compound fertilizer;
step four: selecting cotton varieties: the transplanted cotton is selected from 1279 high-quality hybrid cotton variety which is approved and suitable for the planting in the cotton area;
step five: sowing and seedling raising of cotton: according to the planting mode of the first step, sowing on the sunny days in cold tail and warm head days, sunning before sowing, covering with double films, airing a bed, hardening seedlings, squatting seedlings at proper time after cotton seedlings are grown out, cultivating strong seedlings, and preventing and treating diseases in the seedling stage;
step six: fertilizing and weeding in cotton field, base fertilizer is 667m each24kg of compound fertilizer or moderate-low content diamino is used, and each 667m of seedling raising fertilizer is extracted24kg of urea and 667m of bud fertilizer are used2Applying 28kg of compound fertilizer in combination with intertillage weeding and root-hilling strips, wherein the flower bell fertilizer is used for each 667m240kg of compound fertilizer, 13kg of potash fertilizer, 1kg of borax and 0.30kg of zinc fertilizer are combined with intertillage weeding and ridging for furrow application, and each 667m of peach supplement fertilizer2Using 15kg of compound fertilizer and 8.0kg of potash fertilizer, and applying the compound fertilizer and the potash fertilizer in combination with foliar fertilizer spraying to observe the growth vigor and growth phase of cotton;
step seven: the cotton planting density is as follows: each 667m of transplanted cotton2Transplanting 2000 plants in density;
step eight: adjusting: every 667m when cotton seedling is 30 cm high2Using mepiquat chloride 0.8g every 667m every 18 days2Then 1g of mepiquat chloride is added, the dosage is gradually increased, the mixture is applied twice, the interval is half a month, 1.2g and 1.5g are sequentially added, and after 8 months and 7 days of topping, each 667m24g of mepiquat chloride is used for chemical control, and high-yield plant types are cultured by combining pruning;
step nine: and (3) pest control: after the cotton seedlings are transplanted, mirid is mainly prevented and treated for 2 times, the time is 5 months and 10 days and 5 months and 28 days; other insect pests such as cotton red spider, cotton aphid and cotton prodenia litura are prevented and controlled for 5 times according to insect condition prediction and field occurrence conditions, and drug application is alternated to reduce resistance; the disease of the cotton field is mainly blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, on the basis of selecting resistant varieties, the use amounts of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer are increased, strong seedlings are cultivated, ditches are cleared, stains are drained, and the disease is controlled by the aid of medicaments.
Example 6 (test field No. 6):
the cotton seeding is carried out in a traditional planting mode, 5 months and 23 days after the wheat is mature and harvested, and other technical parameters of cotton seeds, wheat seeds, planting density, fertilizer application and the like are the same as those in the example 4.
Statistics are carried out on the emergence rate, the seedling rate and the yield of each cotton field in each example, and the results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the emergence rate and the seedling rate in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention are superior to those of the conventional planting method (example 6); meanwhile, under the condition of less cotton seed consumption, the yield of the cotton seeds is still higher than that of the traditional planting mode, and the yield is obviously higher than that of the traditional planting mode before 10 months and 20 days.
In addition, it is generally every 667m2Produce 1500kg of silage wheat per 667m2The income is about 400 yuan, meanwhile, the labor input in the later period of the wheat field is reduced, compared with the normal wheat harvest, the open space of the raised stubble is advanced by more than 20 days, and the growing period of the cotton field is prolonged by about 20 days; every 667m of cotton2Collecting about 330kg seed cotton, collecting over 2200 yuan, deducting and throwing 800 yuan, each 667m in cotton field2The net income is about 1800 Yuan, the income is increased by 500 Yuan and 800 Yuan compared with the traditional transplanting cotton after wheat or direct seeding cotton, and the income of the silage rape planted in the previous crop is equivalent to that of the silage wheat.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method of a light, simple, high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode for a cotton field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the planting mode design: sowing the cotton in a drill or in full-width mode in the late growth period of the cotton or after harvesting, wherein the sowing time of the rape is 10-month-first ten days, and the sowing time of the wheat is 10-11-month-first ten days; in the next year, from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months, the rape enters a milk maturity stage, and the wheat enters the milk maturity later stage to a wax maturity stage to begin to be mechanically harvested, bundled, coated and ensiled; the transplanted cotton is cultivated in the middle late 4 months by adopting nutrition pot double-film covering or plug substrate cultivation, and the board stubble is transplanted after the silage wheat is mechanically harvested; directly sowing cotton, harvesting the cotton in a silage wheat machine, carrying out rotary tillage, and sowing the cotton by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine after soil is settled;
step two: wheat variety: the wheat variety is a medium-early-maturing variety which is suitable for local climate, strong in adaptability, thick and strong in stem, moderate in plant height and strong in tillering force; selecting a double-low rape variety suitable for feeding from the rape varieties;
step three: fertilizing: fertilizing wheat or rape at early stage according to soil fertility condition, wherein fertilizer for wheat or rape is extracted from middle and last 3 months2Applying 15kg of special compound fertilizer for wheat or rape;
step four: selecting cotton varieties: selecting high-quality multi-resistance hybrid cotton varieties suitable for being planted in the cotton area for transplanting cotton; selecting a premature variety for direct seeding cotton;
step five: sowing and seedling raising of cotton: according to the planting mode of the first step, sowing on the sunny days in cold tail and warm head days, sunning before sowing, covering with double films, airing a bed, hardening seedlings, squatting seedlings at proper time after cotton seedlings are grown out, cultivating strong seedlings, and preventing and treating diseases in the seedling stage; the direct seeding cotton is operated by a cotton seeding and fertilizing integrated machine;
step six: fertilizing and weeding in the cotton field, transplanting cotton and fertilizing: base fertilizer is 667m per2Using 3-4kg of compound fertilizer or moderate-low content diamino, extracting seedling fertilizer per 667m22.5-4kg of urea and 667m of bud fertilizer are used225-28kg of compound fertilizer is applied in combination with intertillage weeding and stump heaping strips, and the flower bell fertilizer is applied every 667m235-40kg of compound fertilizer, 12-13kg of potash fertilizer, 1kg of borax and 0.25-0.30kg of zinc fertilizer are combined with intertillage weeding and ridging for furrow application, and each 667m of peach supplement fertilizer210-15kg of compound fertilizer and 7.5-8.0kg of potash fertilizer are used, and the growth vigor and growth phase of cotton are applied by combining foliar spray fertilizer; if the slow-controlled release fertilizer is used, the fertilizer in the middle and later periods is completely applied in furrows and buried in the bud period by 1-2 times, the potassium fertilizer and urea are applied after the seedlings are seen in the later period, and the weeding in the cotton field is carried out: the acetochlor soil spray is used for weeding before the bud, the isofluroxypyr ether is used for weeding in the seedling stage of cotton to directionally spray the stems and leaves of the weeds, and the glyphosate is used for directionally spraying the stems and leaves of the weeds after the buds emerge;
step seven: the cotton planting density is as follows: each 667m of transplanted cotton2Transplanting density 1600-year-old 2000 strain, direct seeding cotton3500-4000 strain;
step eight: adjusting, wherein each 667m of cotton seedlings is 30 cm high2Adding mepiquat chloride 0.5-0.8g every 667m every 15-20 days2Then, 0.8-1g of mepiquat chloride is added, the dosage is gradually increased, 1.2g and 1.5g, before and after beginning of autumn, the dosage is 667m per each after cotton topping23-4g of mepiquat chloride is used for chemical control, and high-yield plant types are cultured by combining pruning;
step nine: and (3) pest control: after the cotton seedlings are transplanted, the cotton blind stink bugs are mainly prevented and treated for 1-2 times, and the time is 5-6 months; other insect pests are prevented and controlled for 3-5 times according to insect condition prediction and field occurrence conditions, and drug use is alternated to reduce resistance; the disease of the cotton field is mainly blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, on the basis of selecting resistant varieties, the use amounts of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer are increased, strong seedlings are cultivated, ditches are cleared, stains are drained, and the disease is controlled by the aid of medicaments.
2. The planting method of a simplified high-yield high-efficiency planting mode in cotton fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the medium and small wheat variety is one of Zheng wheat 9023, Hubei wheat 23, Hubei wheat 18 and Yangwheat 20, and the rape is selected as a double low rape variety Hua you za 62 suitable for feeding.
3. The planting method of a simplified high-yield high-efficiency planting pattern for cotton fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein urea is used as fertilizer in step three for each 667m28-10kg of fertilizer is applied.
4. The planting method of a cotton field in a simplified high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein fertilizer applied to the direct-seeding cotton in the sixth step is reduced by 10-15% compared with that applied to the transplanted cotton.
5. The planting method of a cotton field in a simplified high-yield high-efficiency planting mode according to claim 1, wherein the other pests in the ninth step are cotton red spider, cotton aphid and cotton prodenia litura.
6. The planting method of the cotton field in the simplified high-yield high-efficiency planting mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hybrid cotton variety in the fourth step is one of Zhongmian cotton 1279, Hubei miscellaneous cotton 34 and Suza 6; CN01 was selected as the direct-seeding cotton.
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