CN107580950B - Seedling raising method for Nanchuan Arboria sand bed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of Nanchuan sunglo by using a sand bed, which comprises the steps of seed storage, sand bed preparation, seed treatment, seed sowing, management after sowing and seedling transplanting, wherein the seedling raising time is from 2 months to 3 months or from 10 months to 11 months per year. The invention has high germination rate of seeds and low artificial propagation cost in the process of culturing the seedlings of the Nanchuan usnea in the sand bed, provides technical support for large-scale artificial propagation and cultivation of the Nanchuan usnea, provides material guarantee for industrial development of Nanchuan usnea resources, develops the economic value of the tree species in the aspects of materials, greening, health care and the like in the later period, cultures the tree species into regional characteristic industries, lays an important material foundation, and simultaneously, the survival rate of afforestation can be ensured, the operation cost in production can be reduced by culturing the container bags after the seedlings are cultured in the sand bed, and the problems that the Nanchuan usnea belongs to a fleshy root system and the survival rate of bare-rooted seedlings is low are solved.

Description

Seedling raising method for Nanchuan Arboria sand bed

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a sand bed seedling method for Arboria nanchuanensis.

Background

The 21 st century is the century of life sciences, as its research, protection and sustainable use of living beings and their resources will play a key role in addressing challenges related to human survival and development. Plants, the first producers of the ecosystem, are extremely important resources upon which humans develop and live. China is one of the most abundant countries in the world. However, due to climate change and the severe influence of human activities, some important plant species are already in endangered or even extinct borders. The species are protected and propagated, so that the diversity of the abundant species in China is passed on one generation by one generation, and the significance is great. The unique Nanchuan sunglo (Artocarpusin anhuanensis S.S.Chang, S.H.Tanetz.Yu) in China, which is found in Nanchuan county of Chongqing for the first time in 1982, was widely distributed in Nanchuan of Chongqing and peripheral areas in 60 years, and is a main material for shipbuilding and furniture manufacturing in the area, while only 6 wild Nanchuan sunglo exist in China at present, and as a result, 80 strains of mother trees, the annual seeds are less than 50Kg, the mother trees become a very small population, and rescue protection breeding research work is urgently needed.

The Artocarpus (Moraceae) of Artocarpus of Arraceae can grow rapidly to 25m and have diameter at breast height of more than 60 cm. The tree species are very narrow in distribution area and very rare in quantity. The Nanchuan sunglo belongs to fast-growing tree species, is a good material for furniture, and has fine wood grains, hard texture, no cracking and no warping. In addition, the Nanchuan common stonecrop herb is beautiful in tree shape, has the ornamental advantage of landscaping, is a high-quality tree species for the scarce street trees and garden greening, is determined to be one of 9 basic tree species for urban greening by listing the tree species in the tree planning of urban garden in Chongqing city in 2008 because of robust growth and beautiful tree shape, but cannot be practically popularized due to the fact that the source of the tree species is few and the survival rate of transplanting of large seedlings is low. In addition, the fruits of the Arclepiadaceae in Nanchuan have high nutritive value, the fresh fruits are rich in various polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids and esters which are necessary for human bodies, and rich in trace elements and various vitamins which are necessary for human bodies, such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and the like, and the fruits can also be used as medicines.

Due to the combined action of natural and human factors, the habitat of the Nanchuan sunglo is damaged, and the damage of the habitat and the loss of the suitable habitat not only restrict the survival of the Nanchuan sunglo and the development of the population of the Nanchuan sunglo, but also cause the barrier of natural exchange of genes, the degeneration tendency of intraspecific hybridization and the rapid loss of genetic diversity. With the accelerated development of the Chongqing direct prefecture city in recent years, the population is gradually increased, the Dimocha populis is more prominent, a large number of wild plant habitats are lost or fragmented, particularly, the reduction of the population quantity of the Nanchuan usnea is obvious, and the embarrassing situation that survival is difficult to continue is generated. Therefore, measures such as artificial propagation and cultivation, allopatric protection and the like are inevitable choices for expanding the population of the Nanchuan usnea and solving the endangered situation of the specific species in China. At present, only a few reports on sexual and asexual propagation of the Nanchuan usnea are reported in China, and research results show that the sowing emergence rate is low, the cuttage survival rate is only about 10%, and the rescue protection work on the Nanchuan usnea is severely restricted, so that the research on the key technology for breeding the Nanchuan usnea is urgent.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a sand bed seedling method for the scindapsus aureus in south China, so as to improve the emergence rate and the afforestation survival rate of the artificial breeding and cultivation of the scindapsus aureus in south China and reduce the artificial breeding cost.

The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:

a sand bed seedling method for Aronia Nucifolia in Nanchuan comprises the steps of seed storage, sand bed preparation, seed treatment, seed sowing, management after sowing and seedling transplanting, wherein the seedling time is 2 months to 3 months or 10 months to 11 months per year, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

1) storing seeds: selecting clean and impurity-free coarse river sand, adding a soil bactericide which is 0.5-1% of the weight of the river sand and the river sand, uniformly stirring the mixture and the river sand, then paving a river sand layer which is 5cm thick on the indoor floor with shady ventilation, taking river sand with 3 times of the volume of seeds, watering the river sand to adjust the water content to 50-60%, carrying out hand-holding to form a cluster without dripping water, properly dispersing the cluster with loose hands, uniformly mixing the cluster with the seeds which are washed clean and dried in the shade, then stacking the mixture on the river sand layer with the thickness of 20-30 cm, and covering a straw curtain on a sand pile to preserve heat and moisture;

2) preparation of a sand bed: selecting a ventilated sunny sandy soil as a sand bed, uniformly paving a sand layer formed by mixing ferrous sulfate powder and 20 times of volume of fine soil on the bottom layer of the sand bed, paving a layer of wet fine sand of 15-20 cm, disinfecting by using 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim, and then covering a plastic film;

3) treating seeds: sieving the sand pile in the step 1), screening to obtain complete and full seeds, soaking the seeds for 12 hours by adopting 1000 times of liquid of 50 percent carbendazim, moisturizing in a germination tray for accelerating germination, and then selecting the embryo and the seed root to initially expose the seeds for later use;

4) sowing seeds: uncovering the film after the plastic film in the step 2) is covered for 2-3 days, uniformly scattering the seeds for standby in the step 3) on the surface of the sand bed, then covering 1 layer of fine sand with the thickness of l-2 cm, covering the sand surface with a grass curtain for shading, and covering the grass curtain with a plastic film arched shed;

5) and (3) management after sowing: watering once every 1-3 days after sowing to keep the humidity of the nutrient soil at 20-30%, controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃, uncovering the film and directly spraying the film on the straw mat during watering, uncovering the arched film after the seeds start to grow seedlings until 2/3 seeds grow seedlings, completely uncovering the straw mat, then spraying 1000 times of diluent of 80% mancozeb once every 7-14 days, and removing weeds in time;

6) transplanting seedlings: and when the seedlings grow to 3-5 cm after the seedlings come out of the soil, plastic pots with the specification of 18cm multiplied by 16cm and water seepage holes in the bottoms and the pot walls are taken, culture matrixes are filled in the plastic pots to reach 80% -90% of the depth of the plastic pots, then 3% ferrous sulfate solution is used for thoroughly pouring the culture matrixes, the plastic pots are fully sterilized, the seedlings are transplanted into the plastic pots, and 1-2 seedlings are transplanted in each plastic pot.

Further, the bactericide in the step 1) adopts carbendazim microcapsule, and the preparation method is as follows:

respectively taking polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbendazim and dimethylformamide according to the weight ratio of 10:3:95, uniformly stirring and mixing in a beaker, standing for 24h at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, then adding ethanol with the same volume as that of the dimethylformamide at the stirring speed of 60r/min, continuously stirring for 40min to fully separate out carbendazim microcapsules, filtering to remove filtrate, and drying the precipitate under the vacuum freezing condition to obtain the carbendazim microcapsules. The carbendazim microcapsule can slowly release carbendazim, and has the effect of continuously inhibiting pests and germs.

Further, the culture medium in the step 6) is formed by mixing peat and humus soil on the lower surface layer of the pinus massoniana forest according to the volume ratio of 6: 4.

Further, the culture medium in the step 6) is prepared by mixing meadow soil, vermiculite and yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 5:3: 2.

Further, the culture medium in the step 6) is prepared by mixing meadow soil, perlite and yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 5:3: 2.

Further, the inner wall of the plastic bowl in the step 6) is stuck with an antibacterial film, and the preparation method of the antibacterial film comprises the following steps:

step one, adding chitosan into a copper sulfate solution with the initial concentration of 15-20 g/L according to the mass ratio of chitosan to copper sulfate volume of 1/4, dropwise adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 4-5, performing ultrasonic oscillation at 40 ℃, performing suction filtration and drying on filter residues to obtain copper-loaded chitosan;

step two, adding the copper-loaded chitosan obtained in the step one into 10-20 times volume mass fraction of 2% acetic acid aqueous solution, mechanically stirring until the copper-loaded chitosan is dissolved, then adding cellulose powder with the weight being 1-2 times that of the chitosan, and stirring for 2 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution;

and step three, taking the mixed solution obtained in the step one, carrying out tape casting on a glass substrate, drying at 70 ℃, soaking for 10min by using a low-concentration alkali solution, then washing for multiple times by using deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the antibacterial film.

Further, the ultrasonic oscillation conditions in the first step are as follows: the ultrasonic power is 120W, the oscillation frequency is 50kHz, and the oscillation time is 90 min.

Further, the low-concentration aqueous alkali in the third step is an ammonia aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-3 mol/L.

Further, the vacuum drying conditions in the third step are as follows: the temperature is 65 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.09MPa to 0.1MPa, and the time is 2 hours.

Furthermore, the thickness of the antibacterial film is 0.008-0.010 mm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention has high germination rate of seeds and low cost of artificial propagation in the process of culturing the seedlings of the Nanchuan usnea in the sand bed, provides technical support for large-scale artificial propagation and cultivation of the Nanchuan usnea, provides material guarantee for industrial development of Nanchuan usnea resources, develops the economic value of the tree species in the aspects of materials, greening, health care and the like in the later period, cultures the tree species into regional characteristic industries, lays an important material foundation, and simultaneously, the survival rate of afforestation can be ensured and the operation cost in production can be reduced by culturing the plastic pot after the seedlings are cultured in the sand bed, thereby solving the problems that the Nanchuan usnea belongs to the root system and the survival rate of bare-rooted seedlings is low;

2. according to the invention, the antibacterial film capable of releasing copper ions is adhered to the plastic bowl, so that the effects of continuously sterilizing the culture medium, avoiding the germ infection of seedlings and improving the transplanting survival rate are achieved, and the copper ions also have the effect of chemically controlling roots, so that the number of lateral roots of the seedlings is increased, and the afforestation survival rate is ensured.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples below:

preparation of antibacterial film example one

Adding chitosan into a copper sulfate solution with the initial concentration of 15g/L according to the mass ratio of the chitosan to the volume of copper sulfate of 1/4, dropwise adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 4-5, oscillating for 90min under the conditions of 40 ℃, 120W ultrasonic waves and 50kHz oscillation frequency, and performing suction filtration and drying on filter residues to obtain copper-loaded chitosan; adding the obtained copper-loaded chitosan into an acetic acid aqueous solution with the volume and mass fraction of 10 times of 2%, mechanically stirring until the copper-loaded chitosan is dissolved, then adding cellulose powder with the weight of 1 time of that of the chitosan, and stirring for 2 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution; and carrying out tape casting on the obtained mixed solution on a glass substrate, drying at 70 ℃, soaking for 10min by using 2mol/L ammonia water solution, then washing for multiple times by using deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at 65 ℃ and 0.09 MPa-0.1 MPa to obtain the antibacterial film.

Preparation of antibacterial film example two

Adding chitosan into a copper sulfate solution with the initial concentration of 20g/L according to the mass ratio of the chitosan to the volume of copper sulfate of 1/4, dropwise adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 4-5, oscillating for 90min under the conditions of 40 ℃, 120W ultrasonic waves and 50kHz oscillation frequency, and performing suction filtration and drying on filter residues to obtain copper-loaded chitosan; adding the obtained copper-loaded chitosan into an acetic acid aqueous solution with 20 times volume and mass fraction of 2%, mechanically stirring until the copper-loaded chitosan is dissolved, then adding cellulose powder with 2 times weight of the chitosan, and stirring for 2 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution; and carrying out tape casting on the obtained mixed solution on a glass substrate, drying at 70 ℃, soaking for 10min by using 3mol/L ammonia water solution, then washing for multiple times by using deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying for 2h at 65 ℃ and 0.09 MPa-0.1 MPa to obtain the antibacterial film.

Preparation example three of antibacterial film

Adding chitosan into a copper sulfate solution with the initial concentration of 17g/L according to the mass ratio of the chitosan to the volume of copper sulfate of 1/4, dropwise adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 4-5, oscillating for 90min under the conditions of 40 ℃, 120W ultrasonic waves and 50kHz oscillation frequency, and performing suction filtration and drying on filter residues to obtain copper-loaded chitosan; adding the obtained copper-loaded chitosan into an acetic acid aqueous solution with the volume and mass fraction of 15 times being 2%, mechanically stirring until the copper-loaded chitosan is dissolved, then adding cellulose powder with the weight being 1.5 times that of the chitosan, and stirring for 2 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution; and carrying out tape casting on the obtained mixed solution on a glass substrate, drying at 70 ℃, soaking for 10min by using 2.5mol/L ammonia water solution, washing for multiple times by using deionized water, and drying for 2h under vacuum at 65 ℃ and 0.09-0.1 MPa to obtain the antibacterial film.

3 pieces of the antibacterial film prepared in the first to third embodiments are randomly selected, cut into 1cm × 1cm pieces, tested for the antibacterial performance of 6 plant pathogens according to the jis z2801:2010 standard, and tested in parallel for three times, and the logarithm value is taken according to the standard, when the antibacterial value is greater than or equal to 2, the antibacterial rate is greater than or equal to 99%. The results of the test are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the data analysis in Table 1, the antibacterial film prepared by the invention has an inhibition effect on the growth of 6 plant pathogens of more than 99%, so that the antibacterial film prepared by the invention can release copper ions to prevent the pathogens from infecting plants.

Selecting a plurality of antibacterial films prepared in the first to third embodiments respectively, randomly cutting the films into 1cm × 1cm thin film pieces, placing the thin film pieces in the same environment, taking three pieces every week, detecting the antibacterial performance of the root rot fungi by adopting the standard of Japanese JISZ2801:2010, and detecting the continuous period of release of copper ions on the antibacterial films by using each thin film piece in parallel for three times, wherein the test results are shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2

As can be seen from the data analysis in Table 2, the release cycles of the antibacterial copper ions in the antibacterial film prepared by the invention are all over 32 weeks, so that the pesticide effect period of the antibacterial film is prolonged, the copper ion concentration is controlled, and the phenomenon that the local copper ion concentration of soil is too high to influence the growth of crops and cause phytotoxicity is avoided.

Sand bed seedling raising example four of Nanchuan Usnea

Respectively taking polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbendazim and dimethylformamide according to a weight ratio of 10:3:95 at the end of 2 months in 2016, stirring and mixing uniformly in a beaker, standing for 24h at 20-30 ℃, then adding ethanol with the same volume as the dimethylformamide at a stirring speed of 60r/min, continuously stirring for 40min to fully separate out carbendazim microcapsules, filtering to remove filtrate, drying precipitates under a vacuum freezing condition to obtain carbendazim microcapsules, selecting clean and impurity-free crude river sand, adding 0.5-1% of the weight of the river sand into the carbendazim microcapsules and the river sand, stirring uniformly, paving a 5 cm-thick river sand layer on the ground in a shady and ventilated indoor, taking another 3 times of the volume of the river sand of seeds, watering to adjust the water content to 50-60%, holding the mixture into a cluster without dripping water, dispersing the mixture into a proper amount of the mixture by hand, uniformly mixing the mixture with the washed and dried seeds in the shade, stacking the sand on a river sand layer with the thickness of 20-30 cm, and then covering a straw mat on the sand pile for heat preservation and moisture preservation; selecting a ventilated sunny sandy soil as a sand bed, uniformly paving a sand layer formed by mixing ferrous sulfate powder and 20 times of volume of fine soil on the bottom layer of the sand bed, paving a layer of wet fine sand of 15-20 cm, disinfecting by using 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim, and then covering a plastic film; sieving the sand pile, screening to obtain complete and full seeds, soaking the seeds for 12 hours by adopting 1000-time liquid of 50 percent carbendazim, preserving moisture in a germination tray for accelerating germination, and selecting embryos, seed roots and initially exposed seeds for later use; uncovering the film after the plastic film is covered for 2-3 days, uniformly scattering the standby seeds on the surface of a sand bed, then covering 1 layer of fine sand with the thickness of l-2 cm, covering a grass curtain on the sand surface for shading, and covering the grass curtain with an arch film for heat preservation and moisture preservation; watering once every 1-3 days after sowing to keep the humidity of the nutrient soil at 20-30%, controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃, uncovering the film and directly spraying the film on the straw mat during watering, uncovering the mulching film after the seeds start to grow seedlings until 2/3 seeds grow seedlings, completely uncovering the straw mat, then spraying 1000 times of diluent of 80% mancozeb once every 7-14 days, and removing weeds in time; and when the seedlings grow to 3-5 cm after emergence of the soil, plastic pots with the specification of 18cm multiplied by 16cm and water seepage holes at the bottoms and the pot walls are taken, peat and humus soil on the lower surface layer of the pinus massoniana forest which are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 6:4 are filled in the plastic pots until the depth of the plastic pots is 80% -90%, then 3% ferrous sulfate solution is used for thoroughly watering the plastic pots, then the seedlings are transplanted into the plastic pots, and 1-2 seedlings are transplanted into each plastic pot.

Sand bed seedling raising example five of Nanchuan Usnea

Respectively taking polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbendazim and dimethylformamide according to the weight ratio of 10:3:95 at the beginning of 11 months in 2016, stirring and mixing uniformly in a beaker, standing for 24h at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, then adding ethanol with the same volume as the dimethylformamide at the stirring speed of 60r/min, continuously stirring for 40min to fully separate out carbendazim microcapsules, filtering to remove filtrate, drying precipitates under the vacuum freezing condition to obtain carbendazim microcapsules, selecting clean and impurity-free crude river sand, adding 0.5-1% of the weight of the river sand into the carbendazim microcapsules and uniformly stirring with the river sand, laying a 5 cm-thick river sand layer on the ground in a shady and ventilated indoor, taking another 3 times of the volume of the river sand of seeds, watering to adjust the water content to 50-60%, holding the mixture into a cluster without dripping water, dispersing the mixture into a proper amount by hand, uniformly mixing the cluster with the washed and dried seeds in the shade, stacking the sand on a river sand layer with the thickness of 20-30 cm, and then covering a straw mat on the sand pile for heat preservation and moisture preservation; selecting a ventilated sunny sandy soil as a sand bed, uniformly paving a sand layer formed by mixing ferrous sulfate powder and 20 times of volume of fine soil on the bottom layer of the sand bed, paving a layer of wet fine sand of 15-20 cm, disinfecting by using 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim, and then covering a plastic film; sieving the sand pile, screening to obtain complete and full seeds, soaking the seeds for 12 hours by adopting 1000-time liquid of 50 percent carbendazim, preserving moisture in a germination tray for accelerating germination, and selecting embryos, seed roots and initially exposed seeds for later use; uncovering the film after the plastic film is covered for 2-3 days, uniformly scattering the standby seeds on the surface of a sand bed, then covering 1 layer of fine sand with the thickness of l-2 cm, covering the sand surface with a grass curtain for shading, and covering the grass curtain with a plastic film arched shed; watering once every 1-3 days after sowing to keep the humidity of the nutrient soil at 20-30%, controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃, uncovering the film and directly spraying the film on the straw mat during watering, uncovering the arched film after the seeds start to grow seedlings until 2/3 seeds grow seedlings, completely uncovering the straw mat, then spraying 1000 times of diluent of 80% mancozeb once every 7-14 days, and removing weeds in time; when the seedlings grow to 3-5 cm after emergence of the soil, plastic pots with the specification of 18cm multiplied by 16cm and the bottoms and the pot walls provided with water seepage holes are filled with meadow soil, vermiculite and yellow core soil which are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:3:2 until the depth of the plastic pots is 80% -90%, then 3% ferrous sulfate solution is used for thoroughly watering, then the seedlings are transplanted into the plastic pots, and 1-2 seedlings are transplanted into each plastic pot.

Sand bed seedling raising example six of Nanchuan Usnea

In early 3 months of 2016, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbendazim and dimethylformamide are respectively taken according to the weight ratio of 10:3:95, the mixture is stirred and mixed evenly in a beaker, then the mixture is kept stand for 24 hours under the condition of 20 to 30 ℃, ethanol with the same volume as the dimethylformamide is added under the stirring speed of 60r/min, the stirring is continued for 40 minutes to fully separate out carbendazim microcapsules, the filtrate is filtered and removed, the precipitate is dried under the vacuum freezing condition, the carbendazim microcapsules are obtained, clean and impurity-free crude river sand is selected, the carbendazim microcapsules with the weight of 0.5 to 1 percent of the weight of the river sand are added and evenly stirred with the river sand, then a layer of the river sand with the thickness of 5cm is paved on the indoor ground with ventilated shady, in addition, the river sand with the volume of 3 times of the volume of the seeds is taken, the water content is watered and adjusted to 50 to 60 percent, the water content is kept to be agglomerated by hand without dripping, the hand is scattered to be dispersed properly, and then, stacking the sand on a river sand layer with the thickness of 20-30 cm, and then covering a straw mat on the sand pile for heat preservation and moisture preservation; selecting a ventilated sunny sandy soil as a sand bed, uniformly paving a sand layer formed by mixing ferrous sulfate powder and 20 times of volume of fine soil on the bottom layer of the sand bed, paving a layer of wet fine sand of 15-20 cm, disinfecting by using 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim, and then covering a plastic film; sieving the sand pile, screening to obtain complete and full seeds, soaking the seeds for 12 hours by adopting 1000-time liquid of 50 percent carbendazim, preserving moisture in a germination tray for accelerating germination, and selecting embryos, seed roots and initially exposed seeds for later use; uncovering the film after the plastic film is covered for 2-3 days, uniformly scattering the standby seeds on the surface of a sand bed, then covering 1 layer of fine sand with the thickness of l-2 cm, covering the sand surface with a grass curtain for shading, and covering the grass curtain with a plastic film arched shed; watering once every 1-3 days after sowing to keep the humidity of the nutrient soil at 20-30%, controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃, uncovering the film and directly spraying the film on the straw mat during watering, uncovering the arched film after the seeds start to grow seedlings until 2/3 seeds grow seedlings, completely uncovering the straw mat, then spraying 1000 times of diluent of 80% mancozeb once every 7-14 days, and removing weeds in time; when the seedlings grow to 3-5 cm after emergence of the soil, plastic pots with the specification of 18cm multiplied by 16cm and the bottoms and the pot walls provided with water seepage holes are taken, meadow soil, perlite and yellow core soil which are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:3:2 are filled in the plastic pots until the depth of the plastic pots is 80% -90%, then 3% ferrous sulfate solution is used for thoroughly watering the plastic pots, the seedlings are transplanted into the plastic pots, and 1-2 seedlings are transplanted into each plastic pot.

According to the seedling raising method of the fourth to sixth embodiments, 200 pieces of nanchuan sunglo seeds are respectively cultivated in a sand bed, and the seedlings emerge after 2 months from the beginning of seedling raising, and the seedling rate (%), the seedling rate (%) and the seedling rate (%) of the seeds are counted, and the statistical results are shown in table 3:

TABLE 3

As can be seen from the data analysis in Table 3, in the fourth to sixth examples, the germination rate of the seeds of Usnea indica cultivated by the sand bed seedling method of the invention reaches over 88%, the seedling rate reaches over 92%, and the emergence rate also reaches over 81% from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, or from the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months; therefore, compared with the existing artificial seed cultivation technology, the germination rate of the seed of the Nanchuan sunglo is greatly improved.

According to the seedling raising method of the fourth to sixth embodiments, the seedlings after seedling emergence are transplanted into plastic pots for cultivation, 2 seedlings are transplanted into each plastic pot, after cultivation for 6 months in the plastic pots, the survival rate (%) after seedling transplantation, the seedling height (cm), the ground diameter (cm), the main root length (cm) and the number of lateral roots (strips) are counted, and the counting results are shown in table 4:

TABLE 4

As can be seen from the data analysis in Table 4, by adopting the sand bed seedling method of the Nanchuan Usnea seeds, seedlings are transplanted into plastic pots for cultivation after the seedlings grow to 3-5 cm after coming out of the soil, the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings reaches over 95%, after the seedlings are cultivated in the plastic pots for 6 months, the height of the seedlings reaches over 50cm, the ground diameter reaches over 0.5cm, the length of the main root reaches 12.4cm at the lowest, and the number of the lateral roots reaches 22.5 at the lowest. The Nanchuan usnea longissima belongs to a fleshy root system, the survival rate of afforestation of bare-rooted seedlings is low, the bare-rooted seedlings are cultivated through plastic pots after being cultivated through sand bed, the plastic pots have the function of controlling roots in the presence of an antibacterial film, the number of lateral roots of the seedlings is effectively increased, and the survival rate of afforestation is guaranteed.

The invention has high germination rate of seeds and low artificial propagation cost in the process of culturing the seedlings of the Nanchuan sunglo sand bed, provides technical support for large-scale artificial propagation and cultivation of the Nanchuan sunglo, provides substance guarantee for industrial development of Nanchuan sunglo resources, and provides economic value of the tree species in the aspects of material consumption, greening, health care and the like for later development, so that the tree species can be cultured into regional characteristic industries to lay an important substance foundation.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.

Claims (9)

1. A method for culturing seedlings of Nanchuan Arcleisia grossedentata on a sand bed is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of seed storage, sand bed preparation, seed treatment, seed sowing, management after sowing and seedling transplanting, wherein the seedling cultivating time is 2 months to 3 months or 10 months to 11 months per year, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

1) storing seeds: selecting clean and impurity-free coarse river sand, adding a soil bactericide which is 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the river sand and the river sand, uniformly stirring the mixture, then paving a river sand layer with the thickness of 5cm on the shady and ventilated indoor ground, taking river sand with the volume of 3 times of that of seeds, watering the river sand layer to adjust the water content to 50-60%, uniformly mixing the river sand layer with the seeds which are washed clean and dried in the shade, stacking the river sand layer with the thickness of 20-30 cm, and then covering a straw mat on a sand pile;

2) preparation of a sand bed: selecting a ventilated sunny sandy soil as a sand bed, uniformly paving a sand layer formed by mixing ferrous sulfate powder and 20 times of volume of fine soil on the bottom layer of the sand bed, paving a layer of wet fine sand of 15-20 cm, disinfecting by using 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim, and then covering a plastic film;

3) treating seeds: sieving the sand pile in the step 1), sieving complete and full seeds, soaking the seeds for 12h by adopting 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, moisturizing in a germination tray for accelerating germination, and selecting embryo buds and seed roots to initially expose the seeds for later use;

4) sowing seeds: uncovering the film after the plastic film in the step 2) is covered for 2-3 days, uniformly scattering the seeds for standby in the step 3) on the surface of the sand bed, then covering 1 layer of fine sand with the thickness of l-2 cm, covering the sand surface with a straw mat, and covering the straw mat with a plastic film arched shed;

5) and (3) management after sowing: watering once every 1-3 days after sowing to keep the humidity of the sand layer at 20-30%, controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃, uncovering the film and directly spraying the film on the straw mat during watering, uncovering the arched film after the seeds start to grow seedlings until 2/3 seeds grow seedlings, completely uncovering the straw mat, then spraying 1000 times of diluent of 80% mancozeb once every 7-14 days, and removing weeds in time;

6) transplanting seedlings: when the seedlings grow to 3-5 cm after the seedlings come out of the soil, plastic pots with the specifications of 18cm multiplied by 16cm and water seepage holes in the pot bottom and the pot wall are taken, culture matrixes are filled in the plastic pots to reach 80% -90% of the depth of the plastic pots, then 3% ferrous sulfate solution is used for thoroughly pouring the culture matrixes, the seedlings are transplanted into the plastic pots, and 1-2 seedlings are transplanted in each plastic pot;

the inner wall of the plastic pot in the step 6) is stuck with an antibacterial film, and the preparation method of the antibacterial film comprises the following steps:

step one, adding chitosan into a copper sulfate solution with the initial concentration of 15-20 g/L according to the mass ratio of chitosan to copper sulfate volume of 1/4, dropwise adding sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 4-5, performing ultrasonic oscillation at 40 ℃, performing suction filtration and drying on filter residues to obtain copper-loaded chitosan;

step two, adding the copper-loaded chitosan obtained in the step one into 10-20 times volume mass fraction of 2% acetic acid aqueous solution, mechanically stirring until the copper-loaded chitosan is dissolved, then adding cellulose powder with the weight being 1-2 times that of the chitosan, and stirring for 2 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution;

and step three, taking the mixed solution obtained in the step two, carrying out tape casting on a glass substrate, drying at 70 ℃, soaking for 10min by using a low-concentration alkali solution, then washing for multiple times by using deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the antibacterial film.

2. The method for raising seedlings of funoran in south China according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bactericide in the step 1) adopts carbendazim microcapsule, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

respectively taking polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbendazim and dimethylformamide according to the weight ratio of 10:3:95, uniformly stirring and mixing in a beaker, standing for 24h at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, then adding ethanol with the same volume as that of the dimethylformamide at the stirring speed of 60r/min, continuously stirring for 40min, filtering to remove filtrate, and drying the precipitate under the vacuum freezing condition to obtain the carbendazim microcapsule.

3. The method for raising seedlings of funoran in south China according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the culture medium in the step 6) is formed by mixing peat and humus soil on the lower surface layer of the pinus massoniana forest according to the volume ratio of 6: 4.

4. The method for raising seedlings of funoran in south China according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the culture medium in the step 6) is prepared by mixing meadow soil, vermiculite and yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 5:3: 2.

5. The method for raising seedlings of funoran in south China according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the culture medium in the step 6) is prepared by mixing meadow soil, perlite and yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 5:3: 2.

6. The method for raising seedlings of funoran in south China according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the ultrasonic oscillation conditions in the first step are as follows: the ultrasonic power is 120W, the oscillation frequency is 50kHz, and the oscillation time is 90 min.

7. The method for raising seedlings of funoran in south China according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the low-concentration aqueous alkali in the third step is an ammonia aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-3 mol/L.

8. The method for raising seedlings of funoran in south China according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the vacuum drying conditions in the third step are as follows: the temperature is 65 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.09MPa to 0.1MPa, and the time is 2 hours.

9. The method for raising seedlings of funoran in south China according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the antibacterial film is 0.008-0.010 mm.