CN106818443B - Water culture cutting propagation method for red maple branches - Google Patents
Water culture cutting propagation method for red maple branches Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water culture cutting propagation method for red maple branches, which comprises the following steps: preparing a cuttage container; preparing a water culture nutrient solution; selecting red maple branches; treating red maple branches with a bactericide; treating red maple branches with ABT1 rooting powder; and (4) inducing the red maple branches to root in a water culture chamber. The red maple bred by the method can get rid of the restriction of cultivated land resources, enlarge breeding area, simultaneously reduce the influence of external environment on survival rate to the maximum extent, overcome the problem of limited cuttage time, shorten rooting period, obviously improve the survival rate of the branch cutting, break through the restriction that the survival rate of the cutting seedling is influenced by poor environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, soil, water quality and the like of the original breeding means, create huge economic value and have great popularization significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water culture cutting propagation method for red maple branches, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
The red maple is favored by sunlight, is suitable for warm and humid climates, is afraid of burning sun and insolation, is cold-resistant, slightly drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant, and is suitable for fertile, loose and well-drained soil. The leaves of red maple contain a variety of pigments, which are chlorophyll, lutein, carotene, carotenoids, etc. In spring and summer, the chlorophyll is in absolute dominance, the leaves are fresh, tender and emerald green, when autumn comes, the temperature drops, the synthesis of the chlorophyll is hindered, and meanwhile, the chlorophyll is easily converted into the lutein and the anthocyanin at low temperature and is further converted into the haematochrome, so that the leaves are red. The red maple has the characteristic of color change, has high market share, is popular with consumers, and is a famous and precious foliage plant.
At present, red maple is commonly bred in two types: one is grafting propagation, 2-4 years old acer palmatum seedlings are used as stocks, but grafting cannot be carried out on a large scale, the rare varieties are usually targeted, in addition, the grafting survival rate is easily influenced by environmental factors such as seasons, weather and the like, and the survival rate difference is large; the other type is twig cutting propagation, the prior art is generally carried out in the plum rain period, the rooting is carried out after one and a half months, the period is too long, the cutting condition and the environment are not easy to control, and the survival rate is unstable. Large-area planting and production cannot be realized. The red maple saplings are high in price and few in variety due to the reasons.
The water culture technology is a new plant cultivation technology, which exactly makes up the defect, thoroughly gets rid of the restriction of cultivated land resources, enlarges the planting range, simultaneously reduces the influence of the external environment on the reproduction rate to the maximum extent, not only can get rid of the restriction of soil, but also can be controlled by a computer to enable various factors (temperature, illumination and water quality) in the growth and development process of the red maple to be always in the optimal state, thereby realizing the industrialized production.
Based on the reasons, the water culture technology is applied to the breeding of the red maples, the red maple branches can directly and rapidly take roots in the nutrient solution through the water culture induction technology, the problems that the cuttage season is limited by time and the survival rate is unstable can be solved, the red maples can be bred all the year round, and the survival rate is stable. Moreover, the water culture red maples can be produced in a three-dimensional water tank or a nutrient solution pipeline in a centralized manner, so that the unit area cost is reduced, and the unit area output is improved. In addition, no threats such as soil diseases exist in the water culture induction period, the survival rate is higher, and the later health degree is higher. Therefore, the method is suitable for large-scale rapid propagation of seedlings, meets the market demand on red maple seedlings, creates great economic value, and can be widely popularized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a water culture cutting propagation method for red maple branches, which is mainly used for improving the phenomena of limited cutting time, long period and unstable survival rate of the original cultivation method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a water culture cutting propagation method for red maple branches, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a cutting container: a three-dimensional planting pipeline is used as a cuttage container, and a planting basket is a cuttage fixing vessel;
preparing a water culture nutrient solution: the nutrient elements include N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, B, the organic substances include glycine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid, and the inorganic chelating agent includes EDTA-Na2。
Selecting red maple branches: selecting annual branches as cuttings, and cutting the lower parts of the cuttings into inclined planes;
treating red maple branches with a bactericide;
treating red maple branches with ABT1 rooting powder;
inducing the red maple branches to root in a water culture room: the red maple branches are wrapped by water-absorbing sponges, fixed in a planting basket and then transplanted on a three-dimensional planting pipeline, and the water level in the three-dimensional planting pipeline is added to the base of the planting basket.
Furthermore, a 3 x 3 stereoscopic planting pipeline made of an iron frame and a 110 cm-diameter PVC pipe is selected as a cuttage container in the water culture chamber, a plastic planting basket with the caliber of 8cm is used as a cuttage fixing dish, a hole opener is used for punching the pipeline to serve as a planting basket placing opening, 1000-1500 times of potassium permanganate diluent is used for disinfecting the pipeline, and the pipeline is cleaned after being soaked for 20 min.
Further, the ppm concentration of each nutrient element in the water culture nutrient solution is as follows: n: 300 to 900; p: 180-450; k: 320-510; ca: 70-160 parts; mg: 50-120 parts; fe: 5-16; zn: 0.2 to 1.0; mn: 0.4 to 2; cu: 0.01 to 0.1; mo: 0.01 to 0.1; b: 0.1-0.2, wherein the ppm concentration of organic matters is glycine: 0.05 to 1; pyridoxine hydrochloride: 0.05 to 1; 0.05-1 parts of thiamine hydrochloride; 0.01-1% of nicotinic acid; the ppm concentration of the inorganic chelating agent is: EDTA-Na2：20～50。
Further, the red maple branches are selected from annual branches which are strong in growth, good in bud and free of diseases and insect pests, the branches with the length of 10-15 cm are trimmed by scissors sterilized by 75% alcohol to serve as cutting slips, the lower portions of the cutting slips are cut into inclined planes, and only 1-2 leaves are left or all leaves are removed.
Further, the specific method for treating the red maple branches by using the bactericide comprises the following steps: preparing a bactericide solution; soaking the base of the red maple branch in a bactericide solution for disinfection, wherein the bactericide is immersed in the wound, and the disinfection time is 20 min-1 h; taking out, airing in a shade for more than 12h to ensure the healing of the surface of the wound at the root and airing.
Further, the bactericide is prepared from carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, streptomycin sulfate and harzim according to the mass ratio of 5:3:3:1, and the concentration of the bactericide is 600 times of a diluent.
Further, the specific method for treating the red maple branches by using ABT1 rooting powder comprises the steps of soaking the base parts of the red maple branches in 10-1000 mg/L ABT1 solution for 3 min-1 h, taking out, airing, and placing in a ventilated and cool place for more than 12h to ensure ABT1 absorption and complete wound healing.
Further, the concentration of ABT1 was 600 mg/L.
Further, daily management is also included: controlling the pH value of the nutrient solution to be 5.8-7.2, keeping the liquid level immersed in the base part of the planting basket, timely supplementing the liquid level when the liquid level drops, regularly replacing the nutrient solution, ensuring the supply of oxygen by adopting a water circulation device, maintaining the temperature of a water culture chamber to be 20-25 ℃ by adopting temperature control equipment, and keeping the air humidity to be 80-90% by utilizing an intermittent spraying device; adjusting shading equipment, controlling illumination time to be 6h, avoiding direct irradiation of sunlight, keeping the ventilation of the water culture chamber good, and spraying 600 times of a bactericide mixed solution diluent every 10 days until rooting.
Further, the method also comprises hardening and transplanting: when the new roots of the cutting slips subjected to water culture grow to 1-2 cm, transplanting the cutting slips into a seedling culture substrate and planting the cutting slips in the furrows, preventing direct irradiation of sunlight, enabling the coverage depth of the seedling culture substrate to be 4cm, watering once a day after transplanting, and gradually decreasing after one week to enable more root systems to grow out, so that the final red maple seedlings are obtained.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the method provided by the invention is based on the superiority of the water culture technology, can reduce the influence of the external environment on the plant reproduction rate to the maximum extent, and carries out artificial intelligent regulation and control on the whole production process, so that the temperature, the moisture, the illumination and the air humidity are always in the optimal state.
In addition, the red maple bred by using the method can maintain the growth characteristics of normal plants.
In addition, the method can be used for the asexual propagation of various plants, including most plants such as herbaceous plants, woody plants, ornamental plants and the like, has wide application range and can realize annual production.
Therefore, the red maple bred by the method can get rid of the restriction of cultivated land resources, expand breeding area, simultaneously reduce the influence of external environment on survival rate to the maximum extent, overcome the problem of limited cuttage time, shorten rooting period, obviously improve the survival rate of branch cutting, break through the restriction that the survival rate of the cutting seedlings is influenced by poor environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, soil, water quality and the like of the original breeding means, create huge economic value and have great popularization significance.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1
A water culture cutting propagation method for red maple branches comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a cuttage container;
a3 x 3 three-dimensional planting pipeline made of an iron frame and a 110 cm-diameter PVC pipe is selected in a water culture chamber to serve as a cuttage container, a plastic planting basket with the caliber of 8cm serves as a cuttage fixing dish, a hole opener is used for punching the pipeline to serve as a planting basket placing opening, 1000-1500 times of potassium permanganate diluent is used for disinfecting the pipeline, and the pipeline is cleaned after being soaked for 20 min.
Step two, preparing a water culture nutrient solution;
the nutrient elements prepared by the hydroponic nutrient solution comprise N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, B and the like, and also comprise some organic matters and inorganic chelating agents.
When the above elements are used, the ppm concentration of such elements in the aqueous solution is preferably: n: 560; p: 180 of the total weight of the composition; k: 360; ca: 120 of a solvent; mg: 90, respectively; fe: 15; 1.0 of Zn; mn: 1.5; cu: 0.05; mo: 0.01; b: 0.1; the ppm concentration of organic matters is glycine: 0.01; pyridoxine hydrochloride: 0.01; thiamine hydrochloride 0.01; 0.01 parts of nicotinic acid; inorganic chelating agent EDTA-Na2The ppm concentration of (B) is 35.
Step three, selecting red maple branches;
the red maple branches are selected from annual branches which are strong in growth, good in bud and free of diseases and insect pests, the branches are trimmed to 10-15 cm and used as cutting slips, the lower portions of the cutting slips are cut into inclined planes, and 1-2 leaves or all leaves are removed.
Step four, treating the red maple branches with a bactericide;
the specific process method of the step comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a bactericide solution;
(2) soaking the base of the red maple branch in a bactericide solution for disinfection;
(3) the bactericide is immersed in the wound and the disinfection time is 20 min-1 h;
(4) taking out, airing in a shade for more than 12h to ensure the healing of the surface of the wound at the root and airing.
In addition, the bactericide is a mixed solution prepared from carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, streptomycin sulfate and harzism according to the mass ratio of 5:3:3:1, and is a diluent with the concentration of 600 times for the common diseases of red maple.
Step five, processing the red maple branches by ABT1 rooting powder;
the specific process method of the step comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking the base of the red maple branch in 100 mg/L ABT1 solution for 10 min;
(2) taking out, air drying, and placing in ventilated shade for more than 12 hr to ensure ABT1 absorption and wound healing, preferably drying in shade;
step six, inducing the red maple branches to root in a water culture chamber;
and (3) wrapping the red maple branches with absorbent sponges, fixing the red maple branches in a planting basket, and then transplanting the red maple branches on a PVC pipe, wherein the water level in the PVC pipe is added to the base of the planting basket.
Step seven, daily management;
the pH value of the nutrient solution is controlled to be 5.8-7.2, the liquid level is kept to submerge the base part of the planting basket, the liquid level is lowered to be supplemented in time, the nutrient solution is replaced at regular time, a water circulation device is adopted to ensure the supply of oxygen, a temperature control device is adopted to maintain the temperature of the water planting chamber at 20-25 ℃, and an intermittent spraying device is utilized to keep the air humidity at 80-90%. Adjusting shading equipment, controlling illumination time to be about 6h, avoiding direct irradiation of sunlight, keeping the ventilation of the water culture chamber good, and spraying 600 times of a diluent of the bactericide mixed solution every 10 days until rooting.
Step eight, hardening and transplanting seedlings;
when the new water-cultured roots grow to 1-2 cm, transplanting the new water-cultured roots into a seedling culture medium and planting the new water-cultured roots in a furrow which is free from direct irradiation of sunlight, watering once a day after transplanting, gradually decreasing after one week, and obtaining the final healthy red maple plantlet with stable roots when the 5 th day is reached.
Step nine, subsequent growth;
the cuttage seedlings with stable rooting can continuously live in water and can also be cultivated in soil. The two modes are observed for more than 3 months, the growth state of the plants is good, and no death condition occurs.
Example 2
The invention discloses a water culture cutting propagation method of red maple branches, which is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and is different in that:
in the fifth step, the first step is that,
the 300 mg/L ABT1 solution was used for soaking for 0.5 hours.
Example 3
The invention discloses a water culture cutting propagation method of red maple branches, which is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and is different in that:
in the fifth step, the first step is that,
the solution 600 mg/L ABT1 was used for soaking for 0.5 hours.
Example 4
The invention discloses a water culture cutting propagation method of red maple branches, which is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and is different in that:
in the fifth step, the first step is that,
the 800 mg/L ABT1 solution was used for soaking for 0.5 hours.
The invention can be concluded through the following test:
the induction group of 600 mg/L ABT1 solution is optimal, the initial water culture root system appears on the 18 th day of induction on average and is 2-3 days faster than other groups on average, the stable state of the root system is achieved after hardening off for 5 days, no death and other conditions occur after continuous water culture or soil transplantation, the requirement of seedling cultivation is met, and the hardening off time is 1-1.5 days faster than other groups through statistics.
In addition, the appearance of the aquatic root system induced by the method of the present invention is different from that of the soil rooting. The water root is light, the root tip is white, but not the soil bacon is brown or yellow, and part of the tip has black heads. In addition, the hydroponic root system is full and robust, the hardness is improved, but the hydroponic root system is more brittle and is easy to break, and the hydroponic root system is different from a flexible root system cultivated in soil.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A water culture cutting propagation method for red maple branches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a cutting container: a three-dimensional planting pipeline is used as a cuttage container, and a planting basket is a cuttage fixing vessel;
preparing a water culture nutrient solution: the nutrient elements include N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, B, the organic substances include glycine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride, nicotinic acid, and the inorganic chelating agent includes EDTA-Na2The pH value of the nutrient solution is between 5.8 and 7.2; the ppm concentration of each nutrient element in the water culture nutrient solution is as follows: n: 300 to 900; p: 180-450; k: 320-510; ca: 70-160 parts; mg: 50-120 parts; fe: 5-16; zn: 0.2 to 1.0; mn: 0.4 to 2; cu: 0.01 to 0.1; mo: 0.01 to 0.1; b: 0.1-0.2, wherein the ppm concentration of organic matters is glycine: 0.05 to 1; pyridoxine hydrochloride: 0.05 to 1; 0.05-1 parts of thiamine hydrochloride; 0.01-1% of nicotinic acid; the ppm concentration of the inorganic chelating agent is: EDTA-Na2：20～50；
Selecting red maple branches: selecting annual branches as cuttings, and cutting the lower parts of the cuttings into inclined planes;
treating red maple branches with a bactericide: preparing a bactericide solution; soaking the base of the red maple branch in a bactericide solution for disinfection, wherein the bactericide is immersed in the wound, and the disinfection time is 20 min-1 h; taking out, airing in a shade place for more than 12 hours to ensure the healing of the surface of the wound at the root and airing; the bactericide is prepared from carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, streptomycin sulfate and harzim according to the mass ratio of 5:3:3:1, and the concentration of the bactericide is 600 times of a diluent;
treating red maple branches with ABT1 rooting powder;
inducing the red maple branches to root in a water culture room: wrapping the red maple branches with absorbent sponges, fixing the red maple branches in a planting basket, and then transplanting the red maple branches on a three-dimensional planting pipeline, wherein the water level in the three-dimensional planting pipeline is added to the base of the planting basket;
hardening and transplanting seedlings: when the new roots of the cutting slips subjected to water culture grow to 1-2 cm, transplanting the cutting slips into a seedling culture substrate and planting the cutting slips in the furrows, preventing direct irradiation of sunlight, enabling the coverage depth of the seedling culture substrate to be 4cm, watering once a day after transplanting, and gradually decreasing after one week to enable more root systems to grow out, so that the final red maple seedlings are obtained.
2. The red maple branch water culture cutting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein a 3 x 3 stereoscopic planting pipeline made of an iron frame and a PVC pipe with a diameter of 110cm is selected as a cutting container in a water culture chamber, a plastic planting basket with an aperture of 8cm is used as a cutting fixing dish, a hole opener is used for punching the pipeline to be used as a placing opening of the planting basket, the pipeline is disinfected by 1000-1500 times of potassium permanganate diluent, and the pipeline is cleaned after being soaked for 20 min.
3. The red maple branch water culture cutting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the red maple branch is selected from an annual branch which is strong in growth, good in bud and free of diseases and insect pests, the annual branch is cut into a branch of 10-15 cm by using scissors sterilized by 75% alcohol to serve as a cutting, the lower portion of the cutting is cut into an inclined plane, and only 1-2 leaves are left or all leaves are removed.
4. The red maple branch water culture cutting propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the red maple branch water culture cutting propagation method is characterized in that ABT1 rooting powder is used for treating red maple branches, the red maple branch water culture cutting propagation method comprises the steps of soaking the base portions of the red maple branches in 10-1000 mg/L ABT1 solution for 3 min-1 h, taking out the red maple branches, airing the red maple branches, and placing the red maple branches in a ventilating shade place for more than 12h to ensure ABT1 absorption and wound complete healing.
5. The red maple branch water culture cutting propagation method according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of ABT1 is 600 mg/L.
6. The red maple branch water culture cutting propagation method according to claim 1, further comprising daily management: the liquid level is kept to immerse the base of the planting basket, the liquid level is lowered to be supplemented in time, nutrient solution is replaced at regular time, a water circulation device is adopted to ensure the supply of oxygen, temperature control equipment is adopted to maintain the temperature of the water planting chamber at 20-25 ℃, and an intermittent spraying device is utilized to keep the air humidity at 80-90%; adjusting shading equipment, controlling illumination time to be 6h, avoiding direct irradiation of sunlight, keeping the ventilation of the water culture chamber good, and spraying 600 times of a bactericide mixed solution diluent every 10 days until rooting.
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| CN107439349A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-08 | 四川格睿园林科技有限公司 | A kind of Water culture propagation method of red maple |
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