CN104855144A - Wild peach breeding method - Google Patents
Wild peach breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104855144A CN104855144A CN201510202761.XA CN201510202761A CN104855144A CN 104855144 A CN104855144 A CN 104855144A CN 201510202761 A CN201510202761 A CN 201510202761A CN 104855144 A CN104855144 A CN 104855144A
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- wild peach
- selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wild peach breeding method. Culture of seedlings of wild peach is carried out scientifically and reasonably through artificial domestication of wild peach plants, seedling bed preparation, branch collection, cutting treatment, cuttage, nursery bed management and the like. According to the wild peach breeding method provided by the invention, the survival rate of plants is high and stable characters are realized; before cuttage, chemical treatment is carried out on base parts of branches, so that activity of the branches is enhanced and the rooting rate of the branches is increased; scientific management is carried out on a nursery, the survival rate of seedlings is ensued further through measures on the aspects of fertilization, pruning and pest control, a large number of seedlings can be cultivated in short time, and the wild peach growth stability is improved. The seedlings are highly heliophilous, high in sprouting ability and high in branching ability. The wild peach enters a fruiting period earlier, and can enter the fruiting period after being bred for 3 years. The average single fruit weight is 200 g and the maximum single fruit weight is 500 g. The expansion degree of hairy roots is 0.5-1 time higher than that of a crown, and absorbing roots are distributed in positions 40 cm below the soil surface and distributed vigorously in positions 10-30 cm below the soil surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of planting of peach, specifically a kind of selection of wild peach.
Background technology
Wild peach has another name called mountain peach, Hua Tao, wild peach, belongs to rose family Prunus and to fall leaves sub-arbor.General wild peach pulp moisture is less, inedibility, can process that peach is dry, preserved peach, peach gum, and its kernel is traditional Chinese medicine material, and wild peach is comparatively large by the impact of natural conditions, and output is very unstable, cannot meet the demand in market.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of selection of scientific and reasonable wild peach, growth characteristics integrated cultural according to plant manages, survival rate is higher, the stable yield of wild peach, and the maturing stage early fill a hole in the market, the head of the wild peach born is moderate, fruit type good, sweet good to eat, more can meet the demand in market.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that the selection of wild peach, comprise the steps: 1) Laishan in Shandong honey wild peach plant is obtained the stable wild peach plant of proterties after repeatedly grafting, the principle of selection is: the maturing stage is in September first arrival the middle ten days and the last ten days in October; Fruit type flat-top is full; Weight is at 150 ~ 300g; Sugariness is 22.5 ~ 23.8.2) seedbed prepares: select leeward on the sunny side, loosing soil is fertile, irrigation condition is good sandy loam does seedbed, execute well-rotted farmyard manure after plow harrow and make base manure, then play furrow, furrow face width press mulch film width and determines, then slight trickle plastic mulching furrow face, heat and moisture preserving; 3) branch collection: the branch gathering mountain wild peach plant, raw, that eye is full, branch enriches, internode the is shorter branch of 2-2.5 is selected to do cutting, gather after fallen leaves, during clip, each branch band 2-3 bud, upper end is from bud 1-1.5cm straight snips, and 1cm place under bud, lower end tiltedly cuts, and gathers staminiferous plant cutting in the ratio of sex ration 10-20:1; 4) cutting process: medication immersion bubble cutting base portion 3-5cm, take out after 10-15 hour and carry out cuttage, during process, upper end eye can not contact hormonal medicaments; 5) cuttage: carry out cuttage in spring, presses line-spacing 20-25cm, spacing in the rows 10-15cm during cuttage, cutting be directly inserted on the seedbed of plastic mulching, terminal bud exposes mulch film, and scion and soil contiguity are not interspaced; 6) nursery bed management: is fertilising: when seedling grows to 15-20cm, drenches and executes some nitrogenous fertilizer, and short Miao Zhuanchang, changes after July and execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and often carry out top dressing; Two is prunings: after Survival rate of nursery stock, and only stay 1 young sprout, other lateral buds and sublateral shoot are all erased, the pinching when seedling grows to 30-35cm, promotes young sprout aging and lignification.
Preferably, to carry out selecting from growth potential, flowering habit, output, maturing stage, disease resistance, seed size aspect to result maternal plant in advance before gathering branch, difference male and female plant.
Preferably, medicine indolebutyric acid, methyl α-naphthyl acetate or the root-inducing powder described in cutting process, wherein said indolebutyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate working concentration are 40-100mg/kg, are preferably 60-80 mg/kg.
Preferably, topdress as at foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate in step 6), healthy and strong with short young sprout.
Preferably, when in seedling raising process, disease occurs, with bordeaux mixture, can kill 2000, auspiciously flutter 2000, thiophanate methyl or metalaxyl to specifications consumption carry out dissipation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: wild peach selection of the present invention, and the survival rate of plant is high, proterties is stablized; Before cuttage, branch base portion is carried out to branch and carry out drug treating, enhance activity and the rooting rate of branch; Carry out scientific management to nursery, the measure in fertilising, pruning and diseases and pests controlling ensure that the survival rate of seedling more, can cultivate a large amount of seedling at short notice, improves the stability of wild peach growth, better meets the demand of people.Seedling happiness photosensitiveness is strong, and bud rudiment power is strong, becomes principal stresses high.Young sprout repeatedly grew in 1 year, and can extract 2-3 branch out, dryness is weak, and central backbone, when self-sow, is died away after 2 years; Layer property is not obvious, and tree crown is lower, and branch progression is many, and leaf area is large, enters fruiting period early, fills a hole in the market, within 3 years, enter fruiting period.Mean fruit weight 200 grams, maximum single fruit weight 500 grams.The divergence of hair root system is greater than the 0.5-1 of tree crown doubly, and Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry is distributed within 40 centimetres of soil table, and wherein 10-30 centimetre of distribution is the most prosperous.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, explanation is further explained to the present invention.
The selection of wild peach, comprises the steps:
1) domestication's wild peach plant: the Laishan in Shandong honey wild peach plant is obtained the stable wild peach plant of proterties after repeatedly grafting, and the principle of selection is: the maturing stage is in September first arrival the middle ten days and the last ten days in October; Fruit type flat-top is full; Weight is at 150 ~ 300g; Sugariness is 22.5 ~ 23.8.
2) seedbed prepares: select leeward on the sunny side, loosing soil is fertile, irrigation condition is good sandy loam does seedbed, execute well-rotted farmyard manure after plow harrow and make base manure, then play furrow, furrow face width press mulch film width and determines, then slight trickle plastic mulching furrow face, heat and moisture preserving.
3) branch collection: the branch gathering wild peach plant, will carry out selecting from growth potential, flowering habit, output, maturing stage, disease resistance, seed size aspect to result maternal plant before gathering branch in advance, difference male and female plant.Select raw, that eye is full, branch enriches, internode the is shorter branch of 2-2.5 to do cutting, gather after fallen leaves, during clip, each branch band 2-3 bud, upper end is from bud 1-1.5cm straight snips, and 1cm place under bud, lower end tiltedly cuts, and gathers staminiferous plant cutting in the ratio of sex ration 10-20:1.
4) cutting process: medication immersion bubble cutting base portion 3-5cm, take out after 10-15 hour and carry out cuttage, during process, upper end eye can not contact hormonal medicaments, and described indolebutyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate working concentration are 40-100mg/kg, is preferably 60-80 mg/kg.
5) cuttage: carry out cuttage in spring, presses line-spacing 20-25cm, spacing in the rows 10-15cm during cuttage, cutting be directly inserted on the seedbed of plastic mulching, terminal bud exposes mulch film, and scion and soil contiguity are not interspaced.
6) nursery bed management: is fertilising: when seedling grows to 15-20cm, drenches and executes some nitrogenous fertilizer, and short Miao Zhuanchang, changes after July and execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and often carry out top dressing, as at foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, healthy and strong with short young sprout; Two is prunings: after Survival rate of nursery stock, and only stay 1 young sprout, other lateral buds and sublateral shoot are all erased, the pinching when seedling grows to 30-35cm, promotes young sprout aging and lignification.
In addition, when disease in seedling raising process occurs, can with bordeaux mixture, can kill 2000, auspiciously flutter 2000, thiophanate methyl or metalaxyl to specifications consumption carry out dissipation.
The seedling happiness photosensitiveness that the selection of wild peach of the present invention is cultivated is strong, and bud rudiment power is strong, becomes principal stresses high.Young sprout repeatedly grew in 1 year, and can extract 2-3 branch out, dryness is weak, and central backbone, when self-sow, is died away after 2 years; Layer property is not obvious, and tree crown is lower, and branch progression is many, and leaf area is large, enters fruiting period early, within 3 years, enters fruiting period.Mean fruit weight 200 grams, maximum single fruit weight 500 grams.The divergence of wild peach root system is greater than the 0.5-1 of tree crown doubly, and Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry is distributed within 40 centimetres of soil table, and wherein 10-30 centimetre of distribution is the most prosperous.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof and replace or change, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a selection for wild peach, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) domestication's wild peach plant: the Laishan in Shandong honey wild peach plant is obtained the stable wild peach plant of proterties after repeatedly grafting, and the principle of selection is: the maturing stage is in September first arrival the middle ten days and the last ten days in October; Fruit type flat-top is full; Weight is at 150 ~ 300g; Sugariness is 22.5 ~ 23.8;
2) seedbed prepares: select leeward on the sunny side, loosing soil is fertile, irrigation condition is good sandy loam does seedbed, execute well-rotted farmyard manure after plow harrow and make base manure, then play furrow, furrow face width press mulch film width and determines, then slight trickle plastic mulching furrow face, heat and moisture preserving;
3) branch collection: the branch gathering wild peach plant, raw, that eye is full, branch enriches, internode the is shorter branch of 2-2.5 is selected to do cutting, gather after fallen leaves, during clip, each branch band 2-3 bud, upper end is from bud 1-1.5cm straight snips, and 1cm place under bud, lower end tiltedly cuts, and gathers staminiferous plant cutting in the ratio of sex ration 10-20:1;
4) cutting process: medication immersion bubble cutting base portion 3-5cm, take out after 10-15 hour and carry out cuttage, during process, upper end eye can not contact hormonal medicaments;
5) cuttage: carry out cuttage in spring, presses line-spacing 20-25cm, spacing in the rows 10-15cm during cuttage, cutting be directly inserted on the seedbed of plastic mulching, terminal bud exposes mulch film, and scion and soil contiguity are not interspaced;
6) nursery bed management: is fertilising: when seedling grows to 15-20cm, drenches and executes some nitrogenous fertilizer, and short Miao Zhuanchang, changes after July and execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, and often carry out top dressing; Two is prunings: after Survival rate of nursery stock, and only stay 1 young sprout, other lateral buds and sublateral shoot are all erased, the pinching when seedling grows to 30-35cm, promotes young sprout aging and lignification.
2. the selection of wild peach according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the grafting of step 1) adopts the mode of bud grafting.
3. the selection of wild peach according to claim 1, is characterized in that, will carry out selecting from growth potential, flowering habit, output, maturing stage, disease resistance, seed size aspect to result maternal plant in advance before gathering branch, difference male and female plant.
4. the selection of wild peach according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described medicine indolebutyric acid, methyl α-naphthyl acetate or root-inducing powder.
5. the selection of wild peach according to claim 1, is characterized in that, topdresses as at foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate in step 6), healthy and strong with short young sprout.
6. the selection of wild peach according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when in seedling raising process, disease occurs, with bordeaux mixture, can kill 2000, auspiciously flutter 2000, thiophanate methyl or metalaxyl to specifications consumption carry out dissipation.
7. the selection of wild peach according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described indolebutyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate working concentration are 40-100mg/kg.
8. the selection of wild peach according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described indolebutyric acid and methyl α-naphthyl acetate working concentration are 60-80mg/kg.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510202761.XA CN104855144A (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2015-04-27 | Wild peach breeding method |
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| CN201510202761.XA CN104855144A (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2015-04-27 | Wild peach breeding method |
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| CN201510202761.XA Pending CN104855144A (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2015-04-27 | Wild peach breeding method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106561375A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Peach tree cuttage seedling-raising method |
| CN108812031A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-16 | 徐金芳 | A kind of breeding method of peach |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4601842A (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1986-07-22 | University Patents, Inc. | Prevention of freezing at moderate supercooling using biogenic ice nucleation inhibitors |
| CN103238469A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-14 | 芜湖市瑯山愚公绿色生态农业有限公司 | Method for breeding new varieties of peach trees |
| CN103518512A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-22 | 周家学 | Wild peach cutting seedling method |
| CN104303926A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2015-01-28 | 张山乡林果协会 | Peach planting technology |
-
2015
- 2015-04-27 CN CN201510202761.XA patent/CN104855144A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4601842A (en) * | 1983-08-01 | 1986-07-22 | University Patents, Inc. | Prevention of freezing at moderate supercooling using biogenic ice nucleation inhibitors |
| CN103238469A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-14 | 芜湖市瑯山愚公绿色生态农业有限公司 | Method for breeding new varieties of peach trees |
| CN103518512A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-22 | 周家学 | Wild peach cutting seedling method |
| CN104303926A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2015-01-28 | 张山乡林果协会 | Peach planting technology |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘惠珍等: "油桃引种驯化栽培试验", 《宁夏农林科技》 * |
| 王亚娟等: "野生山葡萄扦插育苗及栽培技术", 《民营科技》 * |
| 赵丙和: "浅谈树木引种驯化技术", 《山西林业科技》 * |
| 钟小清等: "五指毛桃栽培技术", 《中药研究与信息》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106561375A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Peach tree cuttage seedling-raising method |
| CN108812031A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-16 | 徐金芳 | A kind of breeding method of peach |
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Application publication date: 20150826 |