CN102239778A

CN102239778A - Rainwater-collecting soil-moisture preservation dry-farming agricultural technology

Info

Publication number: CN102239778A
Application number: CN2010101839383A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴跃宗
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-05-11
Filing date: 2010-05-11
Publication date: 2011-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 2030-05-11
Also published as: CN102239778B

Abstract

The invention relates to a rainwater-collecting soil-moisture preservation dry-farming agricultural technology, which is suitable for dry and water-deficit areas. According to the technology, more rainwater can be collected little by little, evaporation from land surface and rainwater loss from ditches (furrows) are reduced, water is accumulated, soil moisture is preserved, non-uniform rainwater distribution can be adjusted, the effective utilization of rainwater is improved, and the need of water required by plant growth is basically satisfied; and the ground temperature is increased, early ripeness is promoted, and saline and alkaline are inhibited, therefore, stable and higher yield is obtained. Our country has vast grassland but low production level, compared with crops, natural forage grass demands lower requirements to the local natural conditions, the development and utilization of the forage grass have comparative advantages, and a great amount of fodder grain can be saved for China. Not subjected to topographic conditions, the technology can preserve water and soil, reduce flood and drought disasters, and can provide a relatively realistic and effective approach for the development and utilization of low-yield farmlands and grasslands.

Description

Collection rain soil moisture conservation dry farming technology

The Caidamu Basin is national rare drought and water shortage area, and annual rainfall is less than 200 millimeters, more than 2000 millimeter of evaporation discharge, and soil contains saline and alkaline, and forage yield is low, irrigates no water source.Improve herbage, grain yield, can only effectively be used to solve by improving rainwater.Short of rain for solving arid, the eighties in last century, once on probation targetedly: measures such as horizontal ridging, spreading, the drought-resistant crop of kind.The ridge back of the body is collected rainwater, to increase the rainfall of furrow (furrow) sowing area.Mulch film soil moisture conservation, anti-saline and alkaline, regulate the rainwater skewness, improve ground temperature.Drought tolerant crop conserves water.Local cattle and sheep muck is then used on the grassland, mixes the soil material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and holds the rain soil moisture conservation.Like this, the organic cooperation of each measure, the effective utilization that has improved rainwater resource has solved this hard nut to crack of drought and water shortage substantially.Obtain herbage and be doubled and redoubled, the bright careless per mu yield of minority reaches 5000 kilograms, and 3000 to 4000 kilograms of potato per mu yields are than good harvest.

I am these dry farming measures, appellation collection rain soil moisture conservation dry farming technology, and measure is simple:

1, tractor-ploughing ridging: the contour arc ridge of repairing along ground, row spacing size according to rainfall, the crop varieties of locality, to require output fixed.The ridge height can make rainwater trickling downwards just, and is unsuitable too high.General ditch (furrow) is advisable for wide 0.4 to 0.6 meter, but smooth.

In order not destroy steppe vegetation, the ridge is not repaiied on the grassland, and furrow need not be smooth.Furrow are wide looks collection rain and the herbage growth situation is fixed.Generally be no more than 1 meter.

2, spreading: the ridge back of the body, furrow (furrow) all will be spread.The connection of film and side seam all will overlap appropriate, do not stay the slit.With prefabricated cement bar, piece or wrap up into earth bag with mulch film and fasten, guarantee that strong wind do not blow away, the briquetting stream under water that is not stopped by rain.Without the earth tooled joint, soil can be inhaled the rainwater evaporation, reduces the too fast breaking-up of mulch film as far as possible.Want diligent inspection duty to repair not recoverable mulch film preservation of time spent at ordinary times.

Weeds harm, optional black mulch film.

Ridging and overlay film work are preferably in and finish immediately after autumn harvest finishes, in case the coming year spring drought.

The grassland can be contour along ground, banded shop film, and the downside kind grass of film is educated grass.

3, sowing: sowing in the ditch (furrow), adopt facility punching, sowing to finish together.Cover the aperture with the decomposed organic matter soil that processes in advance or stalk chip material, favourable soil moisture conservation, press down salt, prevent that the hole from hardening, influence is emerged and is kept a full stand of seedings.Local drought-resistant, the cold resistant of plantation, salt tolerant alkali kind.

Herbage is to the natural conditions requirement, and is lower than crops, and the exploitation advantage is arranged.

4, impose fertilizer: fertilising before raining, fertilizer oozes by under the hole with water.The liquid manure foot impelled seedling to grow fast and covered the furrow face seedling stage, and it is too high to alleviate sizzler ground temperature.Want soil testing and fertilizer recommendation.

Collection rain soil moisture conservation dry farming through experimental observation for many years, truly has very good effect, can guarantee effective utilization of rainwater, satisfies the required moisture requirement of plant growth substantially, has and stablizes high yield.Safeguard ecology in national requirements, energy savings, sustainable development and be concerned about that common people's policy of living guides down, on-the-spot meeting is enumerated the examination of Qingyang, Gansu in 2008 and is promoted 2,900,000 mu of corns, 625 kilograms of per mu yields, 141 kilograms of mu volume increase.3.98 ten thousand mu in potato is promoted in the examination in 2008 of our province Ledu County in addition, 2400 kilograms of average yields, and volume increase is more than 40%, and the whole province promotes 200,000 mu.Autumn in 2009, finished 250,000 mu and broadcast preceding preparation.

The effect of this dry farming technology has been affirmed in meeting.And this behave is regarded as an important breakthrough of dry farming technology, regard great, a revolutionary technology of current dry farming technology as, not only have bright prospects in the Northwest, and northeastward, the North China fully develops talents, must go into overdrive, accelerate to promote.Explicitly call for the northern China drought-hit area, will greatly develop dry farming, from now on emphasis is promoted this dry farming technology, strove 2015, make popularizing area reach 3,000 ten thousand mu.

In order to produce more food, the past also payes attention to doing dry farming, as terracing, spreading, mulch film trench sowing etc.Though terraced fields can solve water and soil loss, shortcoming is that the quantities of leveling land is big, can not solve the evaporation from land surface problem.Spreading though can improve ground temperature, can not effectively utilize rainwater.Rainwater drops on the mulch film and does not ooze down, and wind, solar evaporation have lost, and what have has run off along the slope from the mulch film.The mulch film trench sowing, though can collect rain soil moisture conservation, the same quantities of leveling land that exists is big, and influenced by local terrain slope, ditch-water runs off, and is irritated inhomogeneous, and is not suitable for the deserted mountain barren hill and promotes the use of.

More than though volume increase is arranged, amount of increase in production is limited.The collection rain soil moisture conservation dry farming technology that I advocated during construction, must be carried out high measurements such as ground, stops the interior water of ditch and run off by the gradient, is irritated inhomogeneous.The local drought-resistant crop of choosing seeds is simultaneously reduced water, and requires output and local rainfall to come to determine respectively the width of arc ridge and ditch furrow according to crop, to guarantee plant growth water needs.Collection rain soil moisture conservation dry farming technology needs ridging on the level land, hillside fields, mountain region do not need ridging, can be the horizontal band-like spreading along ground line gradient, the downside trench digging bedding of film, and the shop film is retained and conserved soil moisture and is planted.Therefore, this technology does not need to level land, and can adapt to various landform, and especially deserted mountain, barren hill afforestation, kind grass can effectively prevent erosion, and can fully effectively utilize rainwater, can make green barren hill, and mountain green grass or young crops is bright and beautiful.

Claims

1. collection rain soil moisture conservation dry farming technology during construction, must be carried out high measurements such as ground, stops the interior water of ditch and run off by the gradient, is irritated inhomogeneous.The local drought-resistant crop of choosing seeds is simultaneously reduced water, and requires output and local rainfall to come to determine respectively the width of arc ridge and ditch furrow according to crop, to guarantee plant growth water needs.

The connection of film and side seam all will overlap appropriate, do not stay the slit.With prefabricated cement bar, piece or wrap up into earth bag with mulch film and fasten, guarantee that strong wind do not blow away, the briquetting stream under water that is not stopped by rain.Without the earth tooled joint, soil can be inhaled the rainwater evaporation, reduces the too fast breaking-up of mulch film as far as possible.

Cover the aperture with the decomposed organic matter soil that processes in advance or stalk chip material, favourable soil moisture conservation, press down salt, prevent that the hole from hardening, influence is emerged and is kept a full stand of seedings.