CN1723761A - Promote the method for naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand - Google Patents
Promote the method for naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1723761A CN1723761A CNA200510012666XA CN200510012666A CN1723761A CN 1723761 A CN1723761 A CN 1723761A CN A200510012666X A CNA200510012666X A CN A200510012666XA CN 200510012666 A CN200510012666 A CN 200510012666A CN 1723761 A CN1723761 A CN 1723761A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ditch
- naked
- sand
- quickly recovering
- soil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000333 poly(propyleneimine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 21
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000040710 Chela Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235496 Endogone Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001672690 Scutellospora calospora Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013368 commensalism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007952 growth promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method that promotes naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand, naked sand ground and active dune in the desertization area, along ditching with the prevailing wind direction vertical direction, ditch depth 20-30cm, wide 15-20cm, the alternate 30cm of two ditches, in ditch, spread fertilizer over the fields the mycorhiza bacterium of 5g/m water absorbing agent, 2g/m and/or 40g/m fertilizer, the original soil about surface coverage 5Cm then uniformly, reserve the ditch of the wide 20cm of dark 10cm.Naked sand and active dune soil moisture content, the content of organic matter, soil nutrient content are all very low, can not satisfy the primary demand of plant growing, after trench digging is used water absorbing agent and nutrient, not only can play the effect that increases the structure of improving the soil, raising soil moisture content, replenishes the necessary nutrition of plant growing, the ditch of nick also helps nutritional granular and the plant seed of collecting in rainwater, enrichment dust storm and the depositing dust.Play the effect that improves the recovery of natural vegetation in soil moisture and nutrient in the ditch, the promotion ditch.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that promotes naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand, belong to desertization control and rainwater utilization technical field.
Background technology
Desertization area revegetation can make abominable ecotope improve, and bio-diversity increases, thereby promotes the recovery of the ecosystem.Therefore revegetation is one of important step of desertization environmental improvement.Yet especially at naked husky district and active dune, soil moisture content, the content of organic matter, nutrient content are very low in the desertization area, serious restriction recovery and the growth of plant.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to set up a kind ofly can effectively promote the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand technology in arid area, by trench digging applying fertilizer and soil conditioner, replenishes nutrient and moisture in the soil, makes that soil regime improves in the ditch; Manual change's microrelief is that the face of land is the ditch shape and rises and falls, and plays and collects rainwater, depositing dust and provide soil environment condition preferably for the growth of plant.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that the method for the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of this promotion, it is characterized in that naked sand ground and active dune in the desertization area, along ditching with the prevailing wind direction vertical direction, ditch depth 20-30cm, wide 15-20cm, the alternate 30cm of two ditches, in ditch, spread fertilizer over the fields the mycorhiza bacterium of 5g/m water absorbing agent, 2g/m and/or 40g/m fertilizer, the original soil about surface coverage 5cm then uniformly, reserve the ditch of the wide 20cm of dark 10cm.
The method of the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of described promotion, described trench digging mode are to ditch along contour on domatic.
The method of the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of described promotion, the fertilizer that applies in the described ditch comprise diammonium phosphate, urea, sheep excrement, cow dung fertilizer or bio-fertilizer.
The method of the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of described promotion, the water absorbing agent that applies in the described ditch are polypropylene amine acyls, starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers, and starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers is or/and acrylic acid.
The method of the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of described promotion, the mycorhiza bacterium that applies in the described ditch is the endophyte root fungus.
Add plant seed lichens or liver moss in the original soil that covers in the method for the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of described promotion, described ditch.
The present invention is used for the fast quick-recovery of desertization naked sand in area and active dune vegetation.Naked sand and active dune soil moisture content, the content of organic matter, soil nutrient content are all very low, can not satisfy the primary demand of plant growing, after trench digging is used water absorbing agent and nutrient, not only can play the effect that increases the structure of improving the soil, raising soil moisture content, replenishes the necessary nutrition of plant growing, the ditch of nick also helps nutritional granular and the plant seed of collecting in rainwater, enrichment dust storm and the depositing dust.Play the effect that improves the recovery of natural vegetation in soil moisture and nutrient in the ditch, the promotion ditch.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the application example of arid area, Fengning, Hebei province.
The gentle slope of desertifying in the sub-township of Manchu Autonomous County of Fengning, Hebei province minor dam on the ground, spring, strong wind was before rainy season later in season, open the ditch of southwest-northeastward along the direction vertical with main air northwester, ditch depth 20cm, wide 15cm, long 30m, spread fertilizer over the fields 5g/m water absorbing agent and 40g/m diammonium phosphate in the ditch, 2g/m mycorhiza bacterium, the sandy soil that loam cake 5cm is thick form little shape ditch of about 10cm deeply.Autumn, the vegetation investigation found that the vegetation coverage in the ditch is 83.8%, and average plant height is 17.83cm, and density is 278 strains/m
2, the vegetation cover degree in the naked husky district of contrast is 16.3%, average plant height 14.39cm, and density is 82 strains/m
2The development growth of using the naked husky vegetation of distinguishing of this technology significantly is better than the check plot, and above-mentioned method can be used the spring or the autumn in every year.
The present invention can also also can use fertilizer or bio-fertilizers such as sheep excrement or cow dung in institute ditch along the contour trench digging on domatic in the mode of naked sand ground trench digging, can add natural plants seed or lichens, rudimentary plants such as liver moss in the table soil of the interior covering of ditching.
The endotrophic mycorrhiza that the present invention selects (Vesicualar-arhuscular mycorrhiza is produced by the general living agricultural science and technology of Young Co., Ltd), belong to, plant the vesicle that forms as what promote revegetation by the Endogone fungi is most, be called the Cong Zhizhuan mycorhiza, be called for short the VA mycorhiza, the plant in the whole world 80% all has the VA mycorhiza to exist, now affirmed the VA mycorhiza at least can with 200 sections more than 200,000 kinds plant carry out commensalism, it enters plant roots cell growth.Plant and mycorrhizal fungi are a kind of relations of mutualistic symbiosis, can exchange required separately material between them, plant absorbs moisture, nutrient and growth promoter by the mycorhiza bacterium, and the mycorhiza bacterium also absorbs self grow needed sugar and other organic matter from plant corpus.The mycorhiza bacterium is the prolongation and the expansion of root system of plant, and the ability that absorbs moisture, nutrient than root system of plant is much bigger, mycorhiza mycelia very very thin (have only root hair about 1/5), can stretch into the root Maonans with in the soil pore space that enters, so just increased the contact area of root system of plant and soil greatly, mycorhiza bacterium mycelia is the growth of how much multiples in soil, breed a considerable number ofly, and a handful of can have several kilometers long mycelia with pointing in the earth of having picked up.Mycorrhizal fungi has very strong sour molten and network molten (chela is molten) ability, thereby can help the nutrient such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum of plant absorbing slightly solubility, mycorrhizal fungi can stretch in the organic substance, and successfully absorbs nitrogen in the organic nitrogen compound by its enzymolysis.Therefore the mycorhiza bacterium can play a multiplier effect as rudimentary plant fit applications such as the important materials that promotes revegetation and plant seed, lichens, liver mosses.
Listed examples of the present invention is intended to further illustrate the method for the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of this promotion, and scope of the present invention is not constituted any restriction.
Claims (6)
1, promotes the method for naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand, it is characterized in that naked sand ground and active dune in the desertization area, along ditching with the prevailing wind direction vertical direction, ditch depth 20-30cm, wide 15-20cm, the alternate 30cm of two ditches, in ditch, spread fertilizer over the fields the mycorhiza bacterium of 5g/m water absorbing agent, 2g/m and/or 40g/m fertilizer, the original soil about surface coverage 5cm then uniformly, reserve the ditch of the wide 20cm of dark 10cm.
2, the method for the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of promotion according to claim 1 is characterized in that described trench digging mode is to ditch along contour on domatic.
3, the method for the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of promotion according to claim 1 is characterized in that the fertilizer that applies in the described ditch comprises diammonium phosphate, urea, sheep excrement, cow dung fertilizer or bio-fertilizer.
4, the method for the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of promotion according to claim 1 is characterized in that the water absorbing agent that applies in the described ditch is a polypropylene amine acyl, starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers, and starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers is or/and acrylic acid.
5, the method for the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of promotion according to claim 1 is characterized in that the mycorhiza bacterium that applies in the described ditch is the endophyte root fungus.
6, the method for the naked quickly recovering vegetation of sand of promotion according to claim 4 adds plant seed, lichens or liver moss in the original soil that it is characterized in that covering in the described ditch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200510012666XA CN1323580C (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2005-07-12 | Method for quickly recovering vegetation of sand-bare plants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200510012666XA CN1323580C (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2005-07-12 | Method for quickly recovering vegetation of sand-bare plants |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1723761A true CN1723761A (en) | 2006-01-25 |
| CN1323580C CN1323580C (en) | 2007-07-04 |
Family
ID=35923492
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200510012666XA Expired - Fee Related CN1323580C (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2005-07-12 | Method for quickly recovering vegetation of sand-bare plants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1323580C (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101297623B (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method for promoting germination of sand plant seeds |
| CN102239778A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-16 | 吴跃宗 | Rainwater-collecting soil-moisture preservation dry-farming agricultural technology |
| CN104488531A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for constructing close-to-nature vegetations in southern coastal sandy land |
| CN105756032A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-07-13 | 阿坝藏族羌族自治州林业科学技术研究所 | Sand land desertification control method |
| CN110073868A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-02 | 常州大学 | A kind of trees ' root protective device for Desert Area |
| CN111480412A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-04 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for planting vegetation in sand storm area |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107056545A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-18 | 福建白水洋兰花有限公司 | A kind of special clay fertilizer of orchid and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1325616A (en) * | 2000-05-28 | 2001-12-12 | 罗来康 | Method for quick vegetation |
| CN1335351A (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-02-13 | 刘海通 | Sprayed film and its application in tackling sandy waste land and plantation |
| CN1386935A (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2002-12-25 | 崔永新 | Method for controlling desert by anatropal grass vegetation |
-
2005
- 2005-07-12 CN CNB200510012666XA patent/CN1323580C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101297623B (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method for promoting germination of sand plant seeds |
| CN102239778A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-16 | 吴跃宗 | Rainwater-collecting soil-moisture preservation dry-farming agricultural technology |
| CN102239778B (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2016-05-18 | 吴跃宗 | Collect the rain moisture drought-resistant agriculture technology |
| CN104488531A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for constructing close-to-nature vegetations in southern coastal sandy land |
| CN105756032A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-07-13 | 阿坝藏族羌族自治州林业科学技术研究所 | Sand land desertification control method |
| CN110073868A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-02 | 常州大学 | A kind of trees ' root protective device for Desert Area |
| CN111480412A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-04 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for planting vegetation in sand storm area |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1323580C (en) | 2007-07-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108353563B (en) | Method for treating desertified soil by using wastes as soil conditioner | |
| CN103155776B (en) | The method of solid carbon is realized by the herbal plantation of fast-growing, harvesting and landfill | |
| CN105693376B (en) | A kind of organic conditioning compound fertilizer of soil and a kind of salt-soda soil shrub cultural method | |
| CN104542220B (en) | A kind of side slope reparation stereo plant carpet and side slope restorative procedure | |
| CN1323580C (en) | Method for quickly recovering vegetation of sand-bare plants | |
| CN102498778B (en) | Method for improving saline-alkali sandy loam in areas formerly flooded by Yellow River | |
| KR101081389B1 (en) | Activated carbon greening mat for preventing from soil corrosion, early growing and settling of plant being not necessary of covering with soil and its manufacturing method | |
| CN101507391B (en) | Rock slope-surface ecology treatment method | |
| CN108934251B (en) | Method for improving Qilian mountain alpine meadow steppe into mowing grassland | |
| CN110140602A (en) | The method of arid biogeographic zone coal field revegetation | |
| CN109644608A (en) | A kind of poor ridge hillside seedling growth soil improvement method | |
| CN105970978B (en) | Slope ecological restoration system and method | |
| CN111974791A (en) | Ecological energy farm remediation method for multi-scene application of ionic rare earth mining area soil | |
| CN108301422A (en) | A kind of ecological restoration method for rocky slope | |
| CN102498851A (en) | Method for recovering iron mine tailing dam vegetation | |
| CN104855083A (en) | Comprehensive cultivating technology of improving yield of sweet potatoes in saline and alkaline land of Yellow River delta | |
| KR101654044B1 (en) | Afforestation Method for face of slope Using plant soil compostion for afforestation | |
| CN110508600A (en) | A kind of soil base modification method and shore bank is promoted to expand numerous ecological construction method with plant fixing | |
| CN108040730A (en) | A kind of North-West Sichuan alpine sandy land sea-buckthorn method for planting | |
| CN111886959A (en) | Ecological greening method for steep slope of mine | |
| CN207700178U (en) | A kind of water and soil conservation structure accelerating stony desertification area's rock weathering | |
| CN215530519U (en) | Sponge soil structure with strong water retention and water storage performance | |
| CN1252216C (en) | Improving agent for desert soil and method for controlling desert | |
| CN114532099A (en) | Desert highway slope vegetation soil stabilization system and method | |
| CN108782095B (en) | Alfalfa transplanting method for light and medium saline-alkali soil |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |