CN111480412A - Method for planting vegetation in sand storm area - Google Patents
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- CN111480412A CN111480412A CN202010317896.1A CN202010317896A CN111480412A CN 111480412 A CN111480412 A CN 111480412A CN 202010317896 A CN202010317896 A CN 202010317896A CN 111480412 A CN111480412 A CN 111480412A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000743756 Bromus inermis Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001668545 Pascopyrum Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000746 body region Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000002066 Amorpha fruticosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004047 Amorpha fruticosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223025 Caragana microphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000005308 Juniperus chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010185 Tamarix canariensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000234281 Tamarix gallica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014265 Tamarix gallica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010154 Tamarix ramosissima Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting vegetation in a sand storm area. The method comprises the following steps of ditching, ridging and field-cutting planting in a sandy area: the ridge back is formed by undisturbed soil or compacted soil; strip-shaped furrows are arranged on two sides adjacent to the ridge backs, and the furrows are 20-30 cm lower than the ridge backs; planting vegetation in the furrow; the width ratio of the furrow to the ridge back is 2: 1-4, alternately arranging furrows and ridge backs; the direction of the furrows and the direction of the ridge backs are consistent and the included angle between the furrows and the main wind direction is 60-90 degrees. The invention provides a technical method for recovering and reconstructing vegetation in a sandy wind area, which can be also used for agricultural cultivation in the sandy wind area, solves the problem that a planting mode for carrying out large-range comprehensive soil preparation in the existing vegetation recovery or reconstruction in the sandy wind area can control wind erosion to the maximum extent, runoff can be collected by arranging ridges and furrows to provide a good growth microenvironment for the vegetation, the current ground surface can be protected to the maximum extent by arranging ridge backs, disturbance is reduced, sand-blown substances are blocked, and a good technical method is provided for vegetation establishment in the sandy wind area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to sandy soil improvement, in particular to a technical method for recovering and reconstructing vegetation in a sandy area.
Background
With the advancement of national ecological civilization strategies in recent years, particularly the comprehensive implementation of policies of returning to cultivation and sealing and breeding in windy and sandy areas, the treatment work of the windy and sandy areas in China has remarkable effect. However, the arid and semiarid regions in China have large areas and wide distribution ranges, and due to climate change and artificial unreasonable utilization, part of the windy and sandy regions and the farming and pasturing staggered regions are under great pressure for soil degradation and vegetation recovery and reconstruction. Therefore, the research on the method suitable for vegetation construction in the sand storm area has important significance for improving human living environment, promoting ecological civilization construction, improving land utilization efficiency and the like. The conventional vegetation restoration or planting technology in the windy and sandy area generally adopts a method of planting plants after comprehensive soil preparation. However, the vegetation planting technology for completely preparing the vegetation can damage the surface crust layer to expose sand substances, and the vegetation planted not only affects the survival rate, but also causes serious wind erosion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vegetation planting technique.
① vegetation, ② ridge back tops, ③ ridge surface, ④ ridge soil replacement, A ridge back width, B ridge width and C ridge depth.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vegetation planting technique.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at the problems and provides a novel vegetation planting method suitable for a sandy area so as to solve the problems of large-range disturbance, sand crust damage, low vegetation survival rate, induction of novel weathering and the like in vegetation planting of the sandy area.
Perennial experiments show that natural sand barriers are formed in ridge back areas in ditching, ridge building and field planting, fine-particle soil generated by wind erosion in the ridge back areas is settled in furrow areas, wind erosion is controlled, and meanwhile, the soil thickness of the plant planting ridge and furrow areas is increased. Meanwhile, as part of the land in the wind and sand area is simultaneously affected by salinization and drought, the ridge back of the strip farmland, the furrow land preparation and the vegetation planting technology are adopted, so that the salt can migrate to a high place, the ridge back is enriched, and the salinization effect of the soil in the wind and sand area is reduced. The low-lying areas of the furrows can collect rainfall (snowfall) in the ridge back areas, so that the moisture content of the soil is improved; the application of fertilizer and the planting of suitable plants in the furrow area can reduce the fertilizer application amount, concentrate limited fertility to the roots of the plants, and are beneficial to improving the survival rate of the plants and promoting the growth of the plants.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention provides a planting technical system suitable for ecological vegetation in a wind-sand area, which comprises strip-shaped ridge backs formed by undisturbed soil or compacted soil; strip-shaped furrows are arranged on two sides adjacent to the ridge backs, and the height difference between the furrows and the ridge backs is 20-30 cm; the width ratio of the furrow to the ridge back is 2: 1-4, alternately arranging furrows and ridge backs; the ridge back and the furrow are consistent in direction and form an included angle of 60-90 degrees with the main wind direction, and the preferred included angle is 80-90 degrees; and planting vegetation in the furrow.
The width ratio of the furrows to the ridge backs is preferably 2: 2.5-3.5, most preferably 2: 3.
the width of the furrow can be 40 cm-60 cm. The width of the ridge back can be 60-100 cm.
In the method, the furrow is filled with the replacement soil, or the original state is used for cultivating and planting the soil.
In any technical scheme, the method can be further used for agricultural cultivation in the wind-sand area, a planting mode of large-range comprehensive soil preparation in restoration or planting of the existing vegetation in the wind-sand area is achieved, a wind erosion area can be controlled to the maximum degree, runoff can be collected by arranging the furrows to provide good growth for the vegetation, the current ground surface can be protected to the maximum degree by arranging the ridge backs, disturbance is reduced, wind-sand substances are blocked, and a good technical method is provided for planting the vegetation in the wind-sand area.
In areas with serious wind and sand, soil and stones excavated by furrow soil preparation can be piled up to the back of the ridge and compacted.
In areas with serious wind and sand, the poor soil conditions of the furrow part can be matched with the backfilling measures of the foreign soil or humus soil.
In any of the above technical solutions, the vegetation in the solution mainly includes shrubs such as tamarisk chinensis, caragana microphylla, flower sticks, sabina chinensis, amorpha fruticosa, and the like, and can also be a mixed vegetation system of small trees or trees and shrubs. The grass seeds are mainly alfalfa, Shadaowang, awnless brome, Bingcao and the like which adapt to arid and semi-arid conditions.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following benefits:
the vegetation planting method for the sandy wind area, provided by the technical scheme of the invention, is applied to the farming-pasturing staggered area, and the soil condition is improved in a short time (two years) in the area with serious wind erosion condition. The width of a furrow vegetation planting area is 40-60cm, the ridge back and furrow direction are basically vertical to the main wind direction, the ground surface at the back of the ridge is well skinned after implementation, and the soil moisture content of a plough layer of 0-20cm of the furrow part is improved by 20% compared with other areas at the same time; the width of the furrow B is 40-60cm, the width of the ridge back A is 60-100cm, compared with the comprehensive soil preparation, the wind erosion area is reduced by 50%, the continuous large-area wind erosion condition is avoided, only small-area wind erosion occurs in individual ridge back areas, and a small amount of wind accumulation is formed in the furrow part. Compared with the vegetation which is comprehensively planted in the same area, the height of the vegetation can be increased by about 4 cm.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The inventor of the application shows through the experiment throughout the year that ditching is built the ridge and is taken turns to the field and plant, and the ridge back of the body region will form natural sand barrier, and the fine particle soil that the ridge back of the body region wind erosion produced subsides in the furrow district, has both controlled the wind erosion, has also strengthened the soil thickness in plant planting ridge furrow district simultaneously. Meanwhile, as part of the land in the wind and sand area is simultaneously affected by salinization and drought, the ridge back of the strip farmland, the furrow land preparation and the vegetation planting technology are adopted, so that the salt can migrate to a high place, the ridge back is enriched, and the salinization effect of the soil in the wind and sand area is reduced. The low-lying areas of the furrows can collect rainfall (snowfall) in the ridge back areas, so that the moisture content of the soil is improved; the application of fertilizer and the planting of suitable plants in the furrow area can reduce the fertilizer application amount, concentrate limited fertility to the roots of the plants, and are beneficial to improving the survival rate of the plants and promoting the growth of the plants.
The inventor shows through experiments that the factors influencing the wind erosion prevention and control effect are as follows:
1) difference in height between furrow and ridge back
2) Width ratio of furrow to ridge back
3) Angle of main wind direction
The inventor carries out optimization tests of soil wind erosion and vegetation planting on the windy and sandy areas of the surrounding field in the north of the river. The Hebei surrounding land is located in the north of Chengde city in Hebei province, is between 116 degrees 32 'to 118 degrees 14' of east longitude and 41 degrees 35 'to 42 degrees 40' of north latitude, has the annual average precipitation of 300 to 560mm and the annual average evaporation of 1491.10mm, belongs to a typical farming and pasturing staggered area in the north of China, has the annual average wind speed of 2 to 4m/s and the number of strong wind (more than 6 grades) days of 50 to 70 days, and is subjected to wind erosion development. Planting sand to improve soil conditions in a vigorous manner according to a method for preparing soil by ridge back and furrow of strip farmland formation as shown in figures 1-2. The specific treatment is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 conditions affecting the effectiveness of controlling wind erosion
TABLE 2 wind erosion prevention and control effect under different conditions
| Treatment A | Treatment B | Treatment C | |
| Amount of increase in soil moisture content (%) | 4.7 | 6.5 | 7.2 |
| Amount of soil aggregate increase (%) | 16.32 | 19.81 | 26.75 |
| Reduction in amount of wind erosion (%) | 35.1 | 48.3 | 67.3 |
| Average plant height increase (cm) | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.9 |
The results shown in the table 2 show that when the height difference between the furrow and the ridge back is 5 cm-10 cm, the width ratio of the furrow to the ridge back is 3:2, namely the width of the furrow is 60cm, the width of the ridge back is 40cm, and the included angle between the ridge back of the furrow and the main wind direction is 40, a certain surface crust is formed on the surface of the back of the ridge after implementation, compared with a contrast area for comprehensive land preparation, the soil wind erosion area is reduced by 32%, the soil moisture content of the furrow part is improved by 4.7% and the soil aggregate is improved by 16.32% compared with other comprehensive land preparation areas at the same period; the average plant height of the vegetation is 2.1cm higher than that of the vegetation which is comprehensively planted in the same area.
When the height difference between the furrows and the ridge backs is 20-30 cm, the width ratio of the furrows to the ridge backs is 2:3, namely the width of each furrow is 40cm, the width of each ridge back is 60cm, the included angle between the ridge back of each furrow and the main wind direction is 90 degrees, the ridge backs have good skinning after implementation, the wind erosion area of the soil is reduced by 67.3 percent compared with a comprehensive land preparation control area, the water content of the soil at the furrow parts is improved by 7.2 percent compared with other comprehensive land preparation areas at the same time, and soil aggregates are improved by 26.75 percent; the average plant height of the vegetation is 3.9cm higher than that of the vegetation which is comprehensively planted in the same area.
The treatment C has the best effect, and the treatment A and the treatment C are good no matter the plant growth condition, the soil moisture content, the soil aggregate and the surface soil erosion are good, but the treatment C needs to reduce the disturbance to the ridge back area as much as possible. The ridge-shaped soil preparation is finished in the previous year of planting or before the current season of planting, water is sprayed to form a crust under certain conditions, and plants are planted after a rainy season or winter, so that the protection and plant growth condition effects are better.
The soil characteristics may be influenced by the planted plants, particularly soil aggregates are greatly influenced by the characteristics of the roots of the plants, but the overall characteristics are positively correlated with different soil preparation forms.
Example 1:
in the windy and sandy area of the river north surrounding field, the whole width of the vegetation zone is 20m, ridge soil preparation is carried out in autumn 1 year before planting, and water is sprayed for skinning after soil preparation; the ridge back and the furrow direction are basically vertical to the main wind direction, and the included angle is 80-90 degrees, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the strip ridge back is formed by undisturbed soil or compacted soil; two sides adjacent to the ridge back are provided with ridge furrows which are 30cm lower than the ridge back; the width of a furrow B is 40cm, the width of a ridge back A is 60cm, undisturbed cultivation soil is adopted in the furrow, and 2cm of farmyard manure is covered before the plants are planted; planting sand in the furrow and cultivating flourishing; the furrows and the ridge backs are arranged alternately. And 5, seeding sand and digging flourishing in the middle ten days of the month, wherein the plant height of the plants in the current year can reach 35.43 cm. Meanwhile, the same area is used for land preparation, flat planting, sand vigorous beating, row spacing, planting spacing, agricultural management, watering and fertilizing.
After 2 years of implementation, the earth surface at the back of the ridge is well skinned, and the soil water content at the furrow part is improved by 7.2 percent compared with the soil water content in other areas; compared with the comprehensive soil preparation, the air erosion amount of the ridge back and the furrow is reduced by 67.3 percent, the condition of continuous wind erosion does not occur on the ridge back part basically, small-area wind erosion occurs only in individual ridge back areas, and a small amount of wind erosion is formed on the furrow part. The average plant height of the sand-threshed vegetation is 3.9cm higher than that of the sand-threshed vegetation which is comprehensively planted in the same area in a land preparation manner.
Example 2:
in the windy and sandy area of the surrounding field in the north of the river, ridge soil preparation is carried out in autumn 1 year before planting, and water is sprayed for crusting after soil preparation; the ridge back and the furrow direction are basically vertical to the main wind direction, and the included angle is 80-90 degrees, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the ridge back is formed by undisturbed soil or compacted soil; two sides adjacent to the ridge back are provided with ridge furrows, and the ridge furrows are 20cm lower than the ridge back; the width of a furrow B is 40cm, the width of a ridge back A is 60cm, undisturbed cultivation soil is adopted in the furrow, and 2cm of farmyard manure is covered before the plants are planted; mixedly sowing awnless brome and flat-ear wheatgrass in the furrow; the furrows and the ridge backs are arranged alternately; sowing awnless brome and wheatgrass in the middle ten days of 5 months, planting awnless brome and wheatgrass on the same land in the same area when the plant height in the current year can reach 23.45cm and 25.86cm, and watering and fertilizing the row spacing, the plant spacing and the agricultural management are the same as the above.
After 2 years of implementation, the earth surface at the back of the ridge forms a good crust, and the soil moisture content at the furrow part is improved by 6.5 percent compared with the soil moisture content in other areas; compared with the comprehensive soil preparation, the wind erosion amount of the ridge back and the furrow is reduced by 48.3 percent, the ridge back part has a small amount of wind erosion, but the condition of continuous wind erosion cannot occur, and a small amount of wind accumulation is formed at the furrow part. The average plant height of the vegetation is 2.8cm higher than that of the vegetation which is comprehensively planted in the same area.
According to field tests, the preferred modes of the invention are: the furrow is 20 cm-30 cm lower than the ridge back; planting vegetation in the furrow; the width ratio of the furrows to the ridge backs is 2:3, the furrows and the ridge backs are arranged alternately, the average width of the furrows is 40-60cm, and the average width of the ridge backs is 60-100 cm; the direction of the furrows and the direction of the ridge backs are consistent and the included angle between the furrows and the main wind direction is 80-90 degrees.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A vegetation planting method in a sand storm area is characterized by comprising the following steps: ditching, ridging and field-cutting planting plants in a sandy area, comprising the following steps: forming strip-shaped ridge backs by undisturbed soil or compacted soil;
strip-shaped furrows are arranged on two sides adjacent to the ridge backs, and the height difference between the furrows and the ridge backs is 20-30 cm; the width ratio of the furrow to the ridge back is 2: 1-4, alternately arranging furrows and ridge backs; the ridge back and the furrow are consistent in direction and form an included angle of 60-90 degrees with the main wind direction;
and planting plants in the furrows.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the width ratio of the furrow to the ridge back is 2: 2.5-3.5, preferably 2: 3.
3. the method of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the ridge back and the furrow direction and the main wind direction is 80-90 degrees.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the width of the furrow is 40 cm-60 cm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the width of the ridge back is 60-100 cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the plant is shrub, small tree or arbor and shrub mixed vegetation or herbaceous plant.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: and soil is changed and filled in the furrow or is cultivated and planted in an original state.
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Application publication date: 20200804 |