RU2297748C1 - Method for cultivation of farm crops, preferably winter wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, intensified winter wheat growing process.

SUBSTANCE: method involves harvesting previous crop; distributing non-grain part of yield along width of mown strip; shelling stubble and crop residues; spraying leaf rosettes of perennial dicotyledonous weeds with herbicides; providing early spring cultivation and leveling of field profile; eliminating weedage during May-August period; introducing mineral fertilizers before pre-sowing cultivation procedure; treating seeds; performing drill sowing with spacing width of 15 cm; providing post-harvest rolling and eliminating soil crust; forming moisture-accumulating reservoirs on fallow field specially designated for it, with vertical walls of reservoirs being formed by cutting slits laterally of deltoid; dividing field into three rectangular plots equal in area, with two of plots extending along long axis of symmetry of field and third plot being joined to short sides of said two plots; during late autumn, when air temperature ranges between -3 C and -10 C, providing slitting to 0.40-0.45 m depth with 2.8-5.6 m slit spacing; performing first passage of slitter diagonally of first plot oriented from axis of symmetry of field to its long side, and performing following passages in parallel with first one; providing narrow slits 16-22 m wide and 0.30-0.40 m deep during second decade of May, said slits extending from corner of third plot to intersection point of axis of symmetry and short field side; slitting at a velocity of 12-15 km/hour using wide tillage units having wheeled tractors equipped with widened tires applying pressure no more than 0.65 MPa to soil surface; during mass summer downpour period, cutting water-capturing slits extending diagonally of second plot, said diagonal being oriented from axis of symmetry of field to its long outer side; cutting following slits in parallel with slit cut during first passage. Weedage is eliminated using wide cultivation units having tractors with wheels applying pressure no more than 0.45 MPa to soil surface. Each moisture-accumulating reservoir of large volume comprises at least three equal reservoirs of smaller volume.

EFFECT: increased yield of winter cereals and reduced water and wind erosion.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to intensive technology for growing winter wheat.

A known method of cultivating irrigated winter wheat, including calculating the rate of fertilizer for the planned crop and discrete application during the growing season, in which, in order to increase yield and fertilizer efficiency, they are applied in different doses with irrigation water depending on the nutrient consumption in a particular phase and the development of winter wheat: in the tillering phase - 19-21% of nitrogen from the total norm of nitrogen fertilizers, 24-26% of phosphorus and 25-27% of potassium, in the tubing phase - 41-45% of nitrogen, 44-48% of phosphorus and 51-57% of potassium , in the earing and forming phase grains - 21-23% nitrogen, 28-31% phosphorus and 19-21% potassium, and only nitrogen in the amount of 14-16% of the total fertilizer rate is introduced into the milk ripeness phase (SU, copyright certificate No. 1496660 A1, M. CL ⁴ A01B 79/02. Method for the cultivation of irrigated winter wheat. / AP Muravlev, EP Klyuev, AT Baykin, BC Rozhkova (USSR) - Application No. 4077064 / 30-15; Claimed 16.04. 1986; Publ. 30.07.1989, Bull. No. 28).

The disadvantages of the described method in relation to the problem we are solving - the cultivation of winter wheat in a sharply continental climate - include the high cost of each ton of grain. The costs of applying nitrogen, potash, phosphorus fertilizers and irrigating irrigated winter wheat with a norm of 3000-4000 m ³ / ha are not paid for by the yield increase, and the grain quality for protein and gluten is lower than when cultivated in rain-fed (rainfed) agriculture.

There is also known a method of growing winter wheat, including sowing and applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizers to the soil before sowing winter wheat, and nitrogen fractionally: by the root method in several stages during the spring vegetation with solid fertilizers and, starting from stage V of organogenesis, by a non-root method in the form of an aqueous solution urea, in which, in order to increase the productivity of winter wheat crops and increase the efficiency of the use of nitrogen fertilizers, nitrogen is added in the amount of 17-50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizers th manner to VII-X organogenesis stages in two or three steps from the calculation of 20-40 kg per 1 hectare at intervals of 7-10 days between application (SU, Inventor's Certificate №1542444 A1 M.kl. ⁵ A01V 79/02. A method of growing winter wheat./ G.A. Maksimchuk, D. N. Alimov (USSR) - Application No. 4413547 / 30-15; Declared 04/20/1988; Publish. 02.15.1990, Bull. No. 6).

The disadvantages of the described method include the large labor costs to obtain one ton of grain and its high cost.

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a method of cultivating crops, including surface tillage with simultaneous sowing, care and harvesting, in which, in order to increase productivity and reduce erosion processes, 3-6 days after sowing, plane cutting with strip rolling is carried out at a depth ratio sowing and planing, equal to (1: 5) - (1:10); strip rolling is carried out with a strip width less than or equal to the row spacing of the sowed crops with a ratio of rolled and non-compacted strips equal to (1: 1) - (2: 1) (SU, copyright certificate No. 1172464 A, M.cl. ⁴ A01B 79 / 02. The method of cultivation of crops. / NI Kartamyshev, A. N. Rogov, A. E. Fedorchenko, A. Posokhov, M. Lomakin (USSR) - Application No. 3748356 / 30-15; Stated March 19, 1984; Publish. August 15, 1985, Bull. No. 30).

The disadvantages of the described method, which we adopted as the closest analogue, include, despite a slight decrease in wind erosion of the soil, unacceptably large loads on the soil with the wheels of agricultural machines and tractors. The tires of the latter are five to ten times higher than the load on the soil. After the passage of the tractor unit, as a rule, shoots of plants appear in the rut with a great delay. The grain yield of winter wheat in a rut after the passage of tractors is 20-30% less than on a flat area.

As the closest analogue, we adopted a method of cultivating crops, mainly winter wheat, including harvesting the predecessor, distributing the non-cereal part of the crop along the width of the mowed strip, peeling stubble and crop residues, spraying rosettes of perennial dicotyledonous weeds with herbicides, early spring cultivation and leveling of the field, cultivation the destruction of weeds in the period May-August months, the introduction of mineral fertilizers before the last pre-sowing cultivation her, seed dressing, ordinary sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm, post-sowing rolling and destruction of the soil crust (see Recommendations for sowing winter crops in the farms of the Volgograd region in 2005 / Compiled by A.N. Artemov, A.P. Akintikov, V. .A.Bankin et al. - Volgograd, 2005 .-- 24 p.).

The disadvantages of the described method of cultivating winter cereal crops under acute soil moisture deficiency include the fact that all precipitation in the autumn-winter and summer months, as a rule, flows into local depressions (ravines, beams, rivers), without accumulating in the arable horizon and leading to water erosion of the soil fertile layer. The existing equipment on the field leaves a rut, where cereal crops are either suppressed and inhibited in growth, or die, which is unacceptable.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to obtain a guaranteed crop with high quality grain of winter grain crops when cultivated in a sharply continental climate.

The technical result is an increase in the yield of winter crops and a decrease in the processes of water and wind erosion.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of cultivating crops, mainly winter wheat, including harvesting the predecessor, distributing the non-cereal part of the crop along the width of the mowed strip, peeling stubble and crop residues, spraying rosettes of perennial dicotyledonous weeds with herbicides, early spring cultivation and leveling the field , cultivation with the destruction of weeds in the period May-August months, the introduction of mineral fertilizers before the last by pre-sowing cultivation, seed dressing, ordinary sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm, post-sowing rolling and destruction of the soil crust, according to the invention, moisture-accumulating containers are formed on the allotted steam field, the vertical walls of which are made by cutting slots on the sides of the deltoid, the field is divided into three rectangular areas with equal area , two of which are located along the long axis of symmetry of the field, and the third is conjugated with the short sides of the first two, in the late fall period at a stable minus rate the air temperature of -3 ...- 10 ° C is snapped to a depth of 0.40 ... 0.45 m with a pitch between the cracks of 2.8 ... 5.6 m, while the first pass of the cherese is performed diagonally in the first section , oriented from the axis of symmetry of the field to its long outer side, and all subsequent ones parallel to the first, in the second decade of May, narrow slits are made in the width of 16 ... 22 mm to a depth of 0.30 ... 0.40 m in increments of 2, 8 ... 5.6 m in the direction from the corner of the third section to the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry with the short side of the field, previously made slots in the late autumn period, performing slot operations The manure is carried out at a speed of 12-15 km / h by wide-grab tillage units with wheeled tractors, equipped with widened tires with a pressure on the soil not higher than 0.65 MPa, during the period of mass rainfall summer rainfall, water-catching slits are cut diagonally to the second section, oriented from the axis of symmetry of the field to its long outer side, and all subsequent ones parallel to the slit during the first pass, cultivation operations with the destruction of weeds are carried out by wide-spread cultivators units with the pressure of the tractor and cultivator wheels not higher than 0.45 MPa, five to ten days before sowing, narrow gaps are cut from the conjugation angle of the second and third sections to the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry with the short side of the field, and all subsequent passes are parallel in the whole field with the same pitch of 2.8 ... 5.6 m between the cracks, and sowing of winter wheat seeds and post-sowing rolling are carried out by combined units with tire pressure on the soil not higher than 0.2 ... 0.3 MPa; in each water-accumulating container of a larger volume, outlined by the walls of the cracks on the sides of the deltoid, there are at least three different-sized containers of a smaller volume, conjugated by the vertices of the sides of the deltoid and having common slots, made with simultaneous passes of the crevice; different-sized water-accumulating containers are associated with adjacent sections, outlined by the passages of the gaps and having the shape of quadrangles.

Due to the uniform distribution of natural precipitation in the autumn-winter and spring-summer periods in the root-inhabited horizon and the implementation of technological processes associated with maintaining the steam field in a clean form and sowing with minimal soil loads, the above technical result is achieved.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 on the plan view shows a steam field under sowing winter crops, for example, Don-95 wheat when performing cracks in the late autumn with a stable minus air temperature of -3 ...- 10 ° C to a depth of 0.40 ... 0 , 45 m with a step between adjacent slots of 2.8 ... 5.6 m, and the laying of the first slot is performed diagonally in the first section.

Figure 2 shows the sequence of narrow slits with a width of 16 ... 22 mm to a depth of 0.30 ... 0.40 m in increments of 2.8 ... 5.6 m in the second decade of May in the direction from the corner of the third section vapor field to the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry with the short side of the field.

Figure 3 shows the traces of gaps of gully holes when making water-catching slots diagonally of the second section of the steam field, oriented from the axis of symmetry of the field to its long outer side, and all subsequent ones parallel to the cut during the first pass to collect rainfall and replenish available soil moisture.

Figure 4 shows the formation of water storage tanks formed by the craft of vertical slots when moving at different periods of the year on the sides of the deltoid.

Figure 5 - the same, the position of the plots in the form of small deltoids inside the contour of the deltoid with a larger area.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

When harvesting the precursor (corn, sorghum, cereal grains, herbs), the non-grain part of the plants is crushed in the form of straw cutting with a length of 30 ... 50 mm and evenly distributed over the width of the harvested strip. Cutting from straw (corn stalks) covers the topsoil, laying between the stubble. To preserve the soil moisture reserves and provoke the growth of weed seeds and carrion precursors, stubble and crop residues are peeled. With a relative soil moisture in the layer of 0 ... 0.15 m not lower than 18-22%, this operation is performed with the disk cultivators LDG-10, LDG-15, LDG-20 to a depth of 12 ... 14 cm. With soil moisture in the layer 0 ... 0.15 m below 16% this operation is carried out with heavy disc harrows BDT-3 or BDT-3,7 to the same depth. When growing rosettes of perennial dicotyledonous weeds, herbicides are applied superficially. In winter wheat crops, the most effective preparation, the herbicidal activity of which will not depend on the temperature regime and will give the maximum protective effect. Those are cowboy, diphezan, fenfiz, fenizan.

On the allotted vapor field (see Fig. 1), moisture-accumulating containers 1 are formed, the vertical walls 2, 3, 4 and 5 of which are made by cutting slots on the sides 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the deltoid. The field is divided into three equal in area rectangles 10, 11 and 12. Sections 10 and 11 are separated by a long axis 13 of symmetry of the field. The axis 13 of the field is the axis of symmetry of the deltoid (a convex quadrangle having one axis of symmetry, on which lies its diagonal 14 (see Figs. 1-5). The third section 12 is connected with a diagonal 14 with the short sides of the first two sections 11 and 12.

To intercept precipitation and aeration of the arable horizon (A groin) in the late autumn period with a stable minus air temperature of -3 ...- 10 ° С, a slotting is carried out to a depth of 0.40 ... 0.45 m with a step between cracks of 2.8 ... 5.6 m. This operation is performed by tillage units, including the T-150K tractor (T-150) and a mounted slotter with the brand ЩН-2-140. The trainer is removed from the rack of the slot machine. The T-150K wheel tractor is equipped with widened tires with soil pressure not higher than 0.65 MPa. Slotting is performed at operating speeds of 12-15 km / h. When performing this operation, the upper layer of soil undergoes crumbling. Lumps of soil of the upper layer are shifted. They form air cavities. In November-December, the months of each year have the highest rainfall. Cavities in the cracks and shifted clods precipitated precipitates are intercepted and accumulate. At low temperatures, the water turns into ice. Frozen clods of soil with ice are torn into agronomically valuable soil aggregates. When snow melts in the spring, during the winter “thawing windows” this process is repeated. During early spring cultivation with cultivators FG 12.30, the soil layer additionally crumbles, the cracks close with loose soil and the field microrelief is leveled.

The first passage of cheresera is performed diagonally in the first portion 10, i.e. combine with side 6 of the deltoid (see figure 1). The direction of movement of the unit is combined with the diagonal of the first section 10, oriented from the axis of symmetry of the field to its long outer side. All subsequent passes of the unit are performed parallel to the first, and when working on complex terrain, it is equidistant to it. Turns of the unit are performed either on the technological road, or on the edge of the field.

In the early spring, they cultivate to a depth of 0.10 ... 0.12 mm and alignment. This operation is carried out by cultivators FG 12.30 or FG 18.30 in an aggregate with wheeled tractors of draft class 5. The tractor and cultivator are equipped with wide-profile tires providing pressure on the soil not higher than 0.45 MPa. At a processing speed of 10-15 km / h, the cultivating unit provides a capacity of up to 200 ha. During daylight hours a field of 200 ha is cultivated. The working width of the cultivator FG 12.30 - 12.3 m, and the cultivator FG 18.30 - 18.3 m. This operation preserves the stagnant moisture accumulated in the autumn-winter period.

In the period from May to August, additional operations are carried out to cultivate the upper layer to a depth of 6 ... 8 cm both to destroy weed vegetation and to loosen the soil of the surface horizon. These operations are carried out by wide-spread cultivating aggregates with wheeled tractors of traction class or 3, or 4, or 5 with tire pressures of the tractor and cultivator wheels FG 12.30 (FG 18.30) not higher than 0.45 MPa. Tires of the wheels of the tractor are either paired or equipped with wide-profile low-pressure tires mounted on special disks. Cultivation is carried out at operating speeds of 12-15 km / h. As cultivation organs, either lancet universal paws with a working width of 330 mm or flat-cutting hollow paws with a working width of 330 mm are used.

The increase in available soil moisture in the soil layer and the elimination of water erosion of the upper, most humus layer is ensured by making narrow or ultra-narrow slits 16 ... 22 mm wide in the second decade of May to a depth of 0.30 ... 0.40 m. Step between adjacent slots 2.8 ... 5.6 m. Narrow slits are cut to previously made slots in the late autumn period. The implementation of narrow slits with a width of 16 ... 22 mm at operating speeds of 12-15 km / h ensures the formation of smooth hardened walls without a crevice roller. Due to the high speed of the aggregate, the plant and root residues are incrusted by the columns of glias down to the bottom of the gap, and a water-guiding ditch is formed on the surface of the field. In case of rainfall, each ditch directs the flow of water into the gap. Narrow slots with a pitch of 2.8 ... 5.6 m act as a dam. The flow of water from narrow slots is directed to slots made in the late autumn period. Thus, a uniform distribution of precipitation occurs over the entire surface of the field. When making cracks to ensure the traction and coupling qualities of the tractor wheels, they raise the pressure to 0.65 MPa. The racks of gaps are placed on the track of the tractor and between them. This reduces the anthropogenic load on the fertile soil layer.

Slitting is performed parallel to side 7 of the deltoid (Fig. 1) or combined with the wall of slit 3 in section 12 (see Fig. 2), i.e. in the direction from the angle of the third section 12 to the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry 13 with the short side of the field.

During the period of mass precipitation of summer rainfall, water-catching slits are cut along the diagonal of the second section 11, oriented from the symmetry axis 13 of the field to its long outer side. Subsequent passages are performed in parallel with the slit walls 4 cut during the first pass (see Fig. 3).

The application of mineral fertilizers is carried out before the last pre-sowing cultivation. The soils of the Volgograd region are adequately provided with potash fertilizers. To obtain a guaranteed crop, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the soil with doses of 50 kg / ha of active substance for phosphorus and 15 ... 20 kg / ha of active substance for nitrogen. This operation is carried out either by applying solid fertilizers with spreaders of mineral fertilizers, or by sprayers when making liquid-containing substances and dissolved nitrogen, including and ammonium (azofoski, nitroammofoski dose of 20 kg / ha).

Five to ten days before the start of sowing, narrow slots are cut from the conjugation angle of the second section 11 and the third section 12 to the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry 13 with the short side of the field. All subsequent passages are made parallel to it throughout the field with the same pitch of 2.8 ... 5.6 m between the vertical walls of 2-5 slots (see Figures 1-5). A smaller pitch (2.8 m) is acceptable in fields with complex terrain, i.e. with slopes of more than 0.010. A step equal to 5.6 m between the cracks for making vertical walls 2-5 is set on aligned fields.

The efficiency of the catchment of natural precipitation is achieved by the fact that in each water storage tank 1 of a larger volume (see Figs. 4 and 5), outlined by vertical walls of 2, 3, 4 and 5 slots on the sides 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the deltoid, there is at least at least three different-sized containers 15, 16, 17 (figure 4) of a smaller volume. Capacities 15, 16 and 17 are connected by the vertices of the sides 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the deltoid. Each adjacent container 15, 16 and 17 has a common gap with the walls or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5. At least one of the common walls is made with simultaneous passage. Different-sized water-storage tanks are associated with adjacent sections 18, 19, 20 on the one hand and sections 21, 22 and 23 on the other. Sections 18-23 are outlined by slit walls made by successive passages during the preparation of the steam field for sowing winter cereal crops. Sections 18-23 are in the form of quadrangles. The network of water-retaining and distribution slots prepared by the described method contributes to the accumulation of natural rainfall in the root horizon. Slots 2-5 exclude the flushing of soil and seeds after sowing by precipitation in late August and September.

Sowing is conducted in the direction of the axis of symmetry 13 of the deltoid, provided that one seed box refueling is enough for the field length, or parallel to diagonal 14 of the deltoid.

Before sowing, seed dressing is carried out on the basis of preparations of carboxin and thiram-Vitavax 200, Vitavax 200 ff, phenoram, super phenor, cartendazim and thiram-TIR, etc. All of them are highly effective against smut diseases, including at high temperatures, and stimulate plant growth. This gives them an advantage at the initial stage of growth. Another group of drugs can be Raxil, Raxil T, Sumi-8, Premium. They are characterized by high efficiency at elevated temperatures.

The sowing period is determined from the conditions: autumn vegetation 45-60 days; the sum of positive temperatures + 600 ° C; air temperature for seed germination +18 ... + 20 ° С, productive moisture reserves in the sowing layer of the soil - 8 ... 10 mm; until stable frosts, 3 to 6 shoots should be formed.

The sowing method is ordinary: row spacing 0.15 or 0.228 m. Sowing depth 8-10 cm. Recommended seeders for sowing winter grain - SPK-2.1; Ob-4-ZT; Ob-8.5; SZS-2.1. The seeding rate is from 2.5 × 10 ⁶ to 5.5 × 10 ⁶ germinating seeds.

The most stable productivity recognized varieties of winter wheat is achieved when forming harvesting per 1 m ² on average 450-650 productive stems and weight of the grain in the ear of 0.7-1.0 This provides a grain crop 2.5-6.5 m / ha. Recommended varieties: Don-93, Dar Zernograd, Volgogradskaya 84, Don-95, Ermak, Stanichnaya, Donskoy Surprise, Prikumskaya 140, Zernogradka 10, Zernogradka 11, Donshchina, Mironovskaya, Yubileynaya, Donskoy Lighthouse, Kamyshanka, Garant, Archedinskaya 1, Moskovskaya 39, Stalingrad 60.

At the end of sowing, post-sowing rolling is carried out by ring-spur rollers 3KKSh-6A in an aggregate with a wheeled tractor MTZ-12-21 (MTZ-80) equipped with low-pressure tires.

In case of rainfall in September, before seedlings appear, soil crust is destroyed by rotary working bodies of MVN-2.8 machines; BIG-2; BMSh-15; BMSh-20.

Sowing of seeds of winter wheat and post-sowing rolling is carried out by combined units with tire pressure on the soil not higher than 0.2 ... 0.3 MPa. This saves plant sprouts in the soil.

In 2004, on the lands of the Mikhailovsky district of the Volgograd region in the LLC Helio-Paks-Agro-4 on an area of 263 hectares, production experience was laid. In mixed areas of equal area, seeds of winter wheat of the Don-95 variety were sown according to the recommended zonal technology and according to the technological operations described in the materials of this application. According to the results of harvesting in 2005, it was found that the average winter wheat grain yield in the experimental plot was 6.6 t / ha, and only 3.97 t / ha in the control. The content of crude gluten in the experimental field was 31.7, and in the control 30.6, the protein in the first case was 14.5, and in the control 14.4, the IDC in the experimental field 80, in the control only 78.

The data presented testify in favor of an energy-saving technology for the cultivation of winter wheat in an extremely arid climate in the South-East of the European part of the Russian Federation.

Claims (3)

1. A method of cultivating crops, mainly winter wheat, including harvesting the predecessor, distributing the non-cereal part of the crop across the width of the mowed strip, peeling stubble and crop residues, spraying rosettes of perennial dicotyledonous weeds with herbicides, early spring cultivation and leveling of the field relief, destruction of weed vegetation in May - August, the introduction of mineral fertilizers before the last pre-sowing cultivation, seed dressing, ordinary sowing with a spacing 15 cm, post-sowing rolling and destruction of the soil crust, characterized in that moisture-accumulating containers are formed on the allotted steam field, the vertical walls of which are made by cutting slots on the sides of the deltoid, the field is divided into three rectangular areas of equal area, two of which are placed along the long axis symmetry of the field, and the third is conjugated with the short sides of the first two, in the late autumn period at a stable minus air temperature of -3 ...- 10 ° С, they are snapped to a depth of 0.40 ... 0.45 m with a step between the gap 2.8 ... 5.6 m, with the first passage of cheresera being made diagonally of the first section, oriented from the axis of symmetry of the field to its long outer side, and all subsequent ones parallel to the first, in the second decade of May they make narrow slots with a width of 16 ... 22 mm to a depth of 0.30 ... 0.40 m in steps of 2.8 ... 5.6 m in the direction from the angle of the third section to the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry with the short side of the field, previously made slots in late fall period, the performance of the slitting operations is carried out at a speed of 12-15 km / h with wide-spread tillage agr diggers with wheeled tractors equipped with widened tires with a pressure on the soil not higher than 0.65 MPa, during the period of mass rainfall of summer rainfall, water-catching slits are cut diagonally along the second section, oriented from the axis of symmetry of the field to its long outer side, and all subsequent - parallel to the cut gap during the first pass, cultivation operations with the destruction of weeds are carried out by wide-spread cultivating aggregates with the pressure of the tractor and cultivator wheels not higher than 0.45 MPa, for ny-ten days before sowing, they cut narrow slots from the conjugation angle of the second and third sections to the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry with the short side of the field, and all subsequent passes parallel to it throughout the field with the same step of 2.8 ... 5, 6 m between the slots, and sowing of seeds of winter wheat and post-sowing rolling are combined units with tire pressure on the soil not higher than 0.2 ... 0.3 MPa. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in each water-accumulating container of a larger volume, outlined by the walls of the cracks on the sides of the deltoid, there are at least three different-sized containers of a smaller volume, conjugated by the vertices of the sides of the deltoid and having common slots made with simultaneous passages of crevice . 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the different-sized water-accumulating containers are interfaced with adjacent sections, outlined by the passages of the gaps and having the shape of quadrangles.

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