CN111053009A - High-oil cultivation regulation and control method for cyperus esculentus - Google Patents
High-oil cultivation regulation and control method for cyperus esculentus Download PDFInfo
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- CN111053009A CN111053009A CN201910357114.4A CN201910357114A CN111053009A CN 111053009 A CN111053009 A CN 111053009A CN 201910357114 A CN201910357114 A CN 201910357114A CN 111053009 A CN111053009 A CN 111053009A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling high-oil cultivation of cyperus esculentus, which comprises the following steps: (1) before sowing, 0.5-20 g of polyglutamic acid is used for dressing seeds per kilogram; (2) 20-25 days after seedling emergence, keeping the soil humidity of 15cm in depth at 65-70%, and applying 8-10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer per mu; (3) applying 4.5 kg-5.5 kg of urea per mu 40-50 days after seedling emergence, and keeping the soil humidity of 15cm in depth to 65% -68%; (4) after 60-70 days of emergence, 2-20 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the soil humidity with the depth of 15cm is kept at 60-65%. According to the method, the soil humidity is regulated and controlled, the soil is kept to be properly dry, the polyglutamic acid is used for seed dressing, the fertilizing of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the polyglutamic acid is increased after seedling emergence, and the regulation and control of the soil humidity are beneficial to the formation of oil in the cyperus esculentus, so that the oil income per mu is increased, and the cyperus esculentus cultivation income is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to cyperus esculentus, in particular to a high-oil cultivation regulation and control method for cyperus esculentus.
Background
The original production place of the annual plants of cyperaceae of cyperus, namely cyperus esculentus and eleocharis dulcis is the countries of Africa and the coastal regions of the Mediterranean sea, has the characteristics of wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, and is the only edible economic crop of the cyperus plants at present. The basic components of the cyperus esculentus tuber comprise protein, fat, sugar, starch and water, and the contents of the cyperus esculentus tuber are 8.00%, 26.50%, 23.35%, 23.21% and 7.00%, respectively. Oleic acid in the grease is a main component and accounts for 52.57 percent, and then palmitic acid accounts for 20.39 percent and linoleic acid accounts for 20.10 percent; the VE content in the grease is 0.15 percent, and the sterol content is 0.53 percent, which shows that the cyperus esculentus grease is non-drying oil and has higher nutrient content. China introduces cultivation from abroad from the 50 th of the 20 th century, and carries out undersize cultivation successively in many provinces in China.
The cyperus esculentus cultivation is rhizome breeding, the problem of variety degradation exists, the yield is reduced, and the influence on the oil content is large. At present, the oil content in China is generally about 20 percent, and the oil content in Africa can reach more than 30 percent. Because the new variety of the cyperus esculentus is slowly cultivated, high-quality and high-oil varieties are few, and China is not a provenance producing area, the cyperus esculentus is low in genetic diversity, and the cultivation of the high-oil varieties by using a conventional breeding method is difficult.
The cyperus esculentus is the only known special economic crop accumulating a large amount of grease in tuber organs at present, and the oil content of the tuber grease is greatly different due to different cultivation places, different sowing times, different soil conditions and different strains, so that the oil content of the cyperus esculentus is improved by innovating a cultivation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling high-oil cultivation of cyperus esculentus.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for regulating and controlling high-oil cultivation of cyperus esculentus comprises the following steps: (1) before sowing, 0.5-20 g of polyglutamic acid is used for dressing seeds per kilogram; (2) 20-25 days after seedling emergence, keeping the soil humidity of 15cm in depth at 65-70%, and applying 8-10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer per mu; (3) applying 4.5 kg-5.5 kg of urea per mu 40-50 days after seedling emergence, and keeping the soil humidity of 15cm in depth to 65% -68%; (4) after 60-70 days of emergence, 2-20 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the soil humidity with the depth of 15cm is kept at 60-65%.
In the step (3), 5kg of urea is applied to each mu.
In the step (4), 10 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
Preferably, the cyperus esculentus strain is GY or YLZ.
The method has the beneficial effects that 1, the soil humidity is regulated and controlled, the soil is kept to be properly dry, the water waste is avoided, the watering times are reduced, and the labor cost is reduced; the application of base fertilizer before sowing is reduced, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
2. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the polyglutamic acid is used for seed dressing, the additional application of the phosphorus potassium fertilizer and the polyglutamic acid is increased after the seedlings emerge, the soil humidity is regulated and controlled, the formation of grease in the cyperus esculentus is facilitated, the grease amount can be increased by more than 5%, so that the grease income per mu is increased, and the cyperus esculentus cultivation income is increased. The method provided by the application has the effect of improving the oil content of the cyperus esculentus in different growing areas, different strains and different varieties, and is particularly suitable for the cyperus esculentus strain GY or YLZ.
3. The method provided by the invention can not only improve the oil content of the cyperus esculentus, but also improve the acre yield of the cyperus esculentus, so that the oil yield of the cyperus esculentus per mu is further improved, and the planting yield is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the report of the specific detection of ingredients of Cyperus esculentus in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a report of the detailed detection of the ingredients of Cyperus esculentus in example 2.
Detailed Description
A method for regulating and controlling high-oil cultivation of cyperus esculentus comprises the following steps: (1) before sowing, 0.5-20 g of polyglutamic acid is used for dressing seeds per kilogram; (2) 20-25 days after seedling emergence, keeping the soil humidity of 15cm in depth at 65-70%, and applying 8-10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer per mu; (3) applying 4.5 kg-5.5 kg of urea per mu 40-50 days after seedling emergence, and keeping the soil humidity of 15cm in depth to 65% -68%; (4) after 60-70 days of emergence, 2-20 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the soil humidity with the depth of 15cm is kept at 60-65%.
In the step (2), 5kg of urea is applied to each mu.
In the step (3), 10 g/mu of polyglutamic acid (amide) is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
Example 1
The cyperus esculentus cultivation site is a testing base of agricultural academy of Henan province in the plain new region of New county City of Henan province, the testing soil is sandy soil, the soil fertility level is medium, and the cultivation product is GY.
Before sowing, dressing seeds with 20 g of polyglutamic acid per kilogram of seeds; 20-25 days after seedling emergence, applying 9kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer per mu after watering, and keeping the soil humidity at 65-70% with the depth of 15 cm; applying 5.5kg of urea per mu 40-50 days after seedling emergence, and keeping the soil humidity at 65-68% with the depth of 15 cm; 60-70 days after seedling emergence, the soil humidity with the depth of 15cm is kept at 60% -65%, meanwhile, 20 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the polyglutamic acid is uniformly sprayed after being mixed with 1200 times of water. Other cultivation and planting treatments of the cyperus esculentus are conventional treatments.
After harvesting, the yield of the fresh cyperus esculentus is 1263 kg/mu, the yield of the dry fruits is 724 kg/mu, and the oil content of the dry fruits is 29.6 percent; the quality of the cyperus esculentus is improved, and the improved oil components in the oil comprise oleic acid and linoleic acid; the oleic acid content in the oil component is 75%, the linoleic acid content is 8.55%, and the specific detection report of the components is shown in figure 1.
Comparative example 1
The cyperus esculentus cultivation site is a testing base of agricultural academy of Henan province in the plain new region of New county City of Henan province, the testing soil is sandy soil, the soil fertility level is medium, and the cultivation product is GY.
The difference between comparative example 1 and example 1 is: before sowing, the cyperus esculentus seeds are not mixed with seeds, no additional fertilizer is applied in the growth period, and water is respectively watered for 1 time 25 days, 40 days and 70 days after emergence of seedlings, and the water penetration depth is at least 15 cm. The yield of fresh cyperus esculentus per mu is 994 kg/mu after harvesting, the yield of dry fruits is 601 kg/mu, and the oil content of the dry fruits is 21.4%; the oleic acid content in the oil component is 68 percent, and the linoleic acid content is 9.1 percent.
Example 2
The culture place of the cyperus esculentus is white Shazhenggang plum village of Zhongmuzhou county in Zhengzhou city, Henan province, and the culture product is YLZ.
Before sowing, no base fertilizer is applied to the soil, and 0.5 g of polyglutamic acid is used for dressing seeds per kilogram of seeds; 20-25 days after seedling emergence, 8kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu after watering, and the soil humidity with the depth of 15cm is kept between 65 and 68 percent; applying 5kg of urea per mu 40-50 days after seedling emergence, and keeping the soil humidity at 65-68% with the depth of 15 cm; 60-70 days after seedling emergence, the soil with the depth of 15cm has the humidity of 60% -62%, 2 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the polyglutamic acid is uniformly sprayed by adding 1000 times of water. Other cultivation and planting treatments of the cyperus esculentus are conventional treatments.
After harvesting, the yield of fresh cyperus esculentus is 1062 kg/mu, the yield of dry fruits is 646 kg/mu, the oil content of the dry fruits is 29.9%, the oleic acid content of the oil component is 75%, the linoleic acid content is 8.52%, and specific detection reports of the components are shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 2
The culture place of the cyperus esculentus is white Shazhenggang plum village of Zhongmuzhou county in Zhengzhou city, Henan province, and the culture product is YLZ.
The difference between comparative example 2 and example 2 is: applying 25kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, before sowing, not dressing seeds of cyperus esculentus seeds, not applying additional fertilizer in the growth period, respectively watering for 1 time 20 days, 50 days and 60 days after emergence of seedlings, and the depth of water penetration is at least 15 cm.
After harvest, the yield of fresh cyperus esculentus is 985 kg/mu, the yield of dry fruits is 593 kg/mu, the oil content of the dry fruits is 23.9 percent, the oleic acid content in the oil component is 71.9 percent, and the linoleic acid content is 8.7 percent.
Example 3
The Cyperus esculentus is cultivated in Henan province county, and the cultivated product is GY.
Applying 25kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and dressing seeds with 10 g of polyglutamic acid per kg of seeds before sowing;
20-25 days after seedling emergence, 8kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu after watering, and the soil humidity with the depth of 15cm is kept between 68 and 70 percent;
applying 4.5kg of urea per mu 40-50 days after seedling emergence, and keeping the soil humidity of 15cm in depth at 66-68%; 60-70 days after seedling emergence, the soil humidity of 15cm in depth is 62% -65%, meanwhile, 10 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the polyglutamic acid is uniformly sprayed by adding 800 times of water. Other cultivation and planting treatments of the cyperus esculentus are conventional treatments.
After harvest, the yield of fresh cyperus esculentus is 1207 kg/mu, the yield of dry fruits is 732 kg/mu, the oil content of the dry fruits is 29.1 percent, the oleic acid content in the oil component is 71.9 percent, and the linoleic acid content is 8.7 percent.
Comparative example 3
The Cyperus esculentus is cultivated in Henan province county, and the cultivated product is GY.
The difference between comparative example 3 and example 3 is: applying 50kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, before sowing, not dressing seeds of cyperus esculentus seeds, not applying additional fertilizer in the growth period, respectively watering for 1 time 20 days, 50 days and 70 days after emergence of seedlings, and the depth of water penetration is at least 15 cm.
After harvest, the yield of fresh cyperus esculentus is 1094 kg/mu, the yield of dry fruits is 663 kg/mu, the oil content of the dry fruits is 21.3 percent, the oleic acid content in the oil component is 68.5 percent, and the linoleic acid content is 8.2 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for regulating and controlling high-oil cultivation of cyperus esculentus is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) dressing seeds with 0.5-20 g of polyglutamic acid per kilogram of seeds before sowing; (2) 20-25 days after seedling emergence, keeping the soil humidity of 15cm in depth at 65-70%, and applying 8-10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer per mu; (3) applying 4.5 kg-5.5 kg of urea per mu 40-50 days after seedling emergence, and keeping the soil humidity of 15cm in depth to 65% -68%; (4) after 60-70 days of emergence, 2-20 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the soil humidity with the depth of 15cm is kept at 60-65%.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the high-oil cultivation of cyperus esculentus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), 5kg of urea is applied to each mu.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the high-oil cultivation of cyperus esculentus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), 10 g/mu of polyglutamic acid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the high-oil cultivation of cyperus esculentus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: cyperus esculentus strain GY or YLZ.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113892409A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-07 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | High-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid region |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113892409A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-07 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | High-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid region |
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