CN110583376A - Method for breeding glumae grass original species, method for breeding improved species and method for cultivating and breeding - Google Patents
Method for breeding glumae grass original species, method for breeding improved species and method for cultivating and breeding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110583376A CN110583376A CN201910963975.7A CN201910963975A CN110583376A CN 110583376 A CN110583376 A CN 110583376A CN 201910963975 A CN201910963975 A CN 201910963975A CN 110583376 A CN110583376 A CN 110583376A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sowing
- grass
- yield
- amount
- seeds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a glumae grassland breeding method, an improved grass breeding method and a cultivation breeding method, and relates to the technical field of pasture grass cultivation, wherein the glumae grassland breeding method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a land with the depth of 22-28 cm, and applying a base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and urea; 2) sowing grass seeds in 4-6 months in the year, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 25-35 cm, and the sowing depth is 2-4 cm; 3) in the next year, after the glume grass turns green, dressing nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer; the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, and the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu; 4) in the tillering stage in the 6 th late month of the next year, a herbicide is adopted to kill dicotyledonous weeds, and the seeds are harvested after being mature. The method provided by the invention provides practical basis for the popularization and application of the grass in the treatment, recovery and reconstruction of the desertification grassland in the three river source regions and the improvement and treatment of the desertification grassland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pasture cultivation, in particular to a method for breeding a large glume grassland species, a method for breeding improved grass species and a method for cultivating and breeding grass species.
Background
Grassland desertification is one of the important manifestations of ecological deterioration of grassland and is also a major component of land desertification. According to statistics, the desertification land area of Qinghai province is 1255.8 multiplied by 104hm2Accounting for 17.5% of the area of the country soil of the whole province, wherein the moving sand land (dune) is 128.7 multiplied by 104hm2Semi-fixed sand (dune) 110.3X 104hm2Fixed sand (dune) 111.8X 104hm2205.7X 10 in the open sand4hm20.08X 10 of non-biological sand control engineering land4hm2, poor wind erosion 312.9X 104hm2Wind erosion debris 73.3X 104hm2313.1X 10 Gobi4hm2. Wherein the sand area of the firewood basin is 948.9 multiplied by 104hm2Accounting for 75.9 percent of the desertification land area of the whole province; 35.3X 10 of communal basin sand area4hm2Accounting for 2.8%; 11.7X 10 of Qinghai lake sand area4hm2Accounting for 0.9%; yellow river source sand area 64.3X 104hm2Accounting for 5.2%; 189.5X 10 Yangtze river source sand area4hm2Accounting for 15.2%; zeku sand area 0.6X 104hm2. The unit area productivity of the desertification land is low, the ecological system is weak, and the safety of the ecological environment in the region of the three river sources is directly threatened. The suppression of grassland desertification is the current ecological environment control of Qinghai provinceAnd one of the main contents in the research of the sustainable development of human living environment.
The glume grass has the advantages of strong adaptability, cold resistance and drought resistance when being planted on the desertification grassland, is an ideal selected grass variety in the desertification grassland treatment, but a cultivation technology suitable for the desertification grassland planting is not found so far, and the treatment of the desertification grassland and the smooth operation of vegetation recovery are seriously restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the method is provided. The invention aims to provide a method for breeding glumae original seeds, a method for breeding improved seeds and a method for cultivating and breeding. The method provided by the invention provides practical basis for the popularization and application of the grass in the treatment, recovery and reconstruction of the desertification grassland in the three river source regions and the improvement and treatment of the desertification grassland.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for breeding glumae grass seeds, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a land with the depth of 22-28 cm, and applying a base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and urea; the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 8-12 kg/mu, and the application amount of the urea is 4-6 kg/mu;
2) sowing grass seeds in 4-6 months in the year, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 25-35 cm, and the sowing depth is 2-4 cm;
3) in the next year, after the glume grass turns green, dressing nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer; the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, and the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu;
4) in the tillering stage in the 6 th late month of the next year, a herbicide is adopted to kill dicotyledonous weeds, and the seeds are harvested after being mature.
Preferably, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate in the step 1) is 10 kg/mu, and the application amount of the urea is 5 kg/mu.
Preferably, the row spacing of the seeds sowed in the step 2) is 30cm, and the sowing depth is 3 cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the step 3) is 10 kg/mu, and the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 10 kg/mu.
The invention provides a method for breeding improved glume grass seeds, which comprises the steps of land preparation, fertilization, sowing, intertillage weeding, topdressing and pest control, wherein the land preparation comprises the following steps: selecting a land with the depth of 25-30 cm;
the fertilizing comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer diammonium phosphate, wherein the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 75-225 kg/hm2；
The sowing comprises the following steps: the harvested grass seeds in the technical scheme are selected for sowing, and the sowing amount is 15-45 kg/hm2。
Preferably, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 150-187.5 kg/hm2(ii) a The seeding amount is 22.5-37.5 kg/hm2。
The invention provides a method for cultivating and breeding glume grass, which comprises the steps of land preparation, fertilization, sowing, intertillage weeding, topdressing and pest control, wherein the fertilization comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer diammonium phosphate, wherein the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 75-225 kg/hm2；
The sowing comprises the following steps: the harvested grass seeds in the technical scheme are selected for sowing, and the sowing amount is 15-45 kg/hm2(ii) a The row spacing of the sowing is 20-40 cm;
the top dressing comprises the following steps: applying urea in an amount of 30-120 kg/hm2。
Preferably, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 150-187.5 kg/hm2；
The seeding amount is 22.5-30 kg/hm2The row spacing of the sowing is 22.5-30 cm;
the application amount of the urea is 52.5-97.5 kg/hm2。
The invention provides a method for breeding glumae original seeds, and seeds obtained by breeding by the method are further subjected to fine seed breeding and cultivation breeding. The method provided by the invention researches the relationship among the cultivation technology, ecological adaptability, stress resistance, fertilization, the yield of grass seeds in high-altitude areas and the yield forming factors of the grass seeds, and provides a theoretical basis for the high yield and the popularization and planting of the grass.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for breeding glumae grass seeds, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a land with the depth of 22-28 cm, and applying a base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and urea; the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 8-12 kg/mu, and the application amount of the urea is 4-6 kg/mu;
2) sowing grass seeds in 4-6 months in the year, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 25-35 cm, and the sowing depth is 2-4 cm;
3) in the next year, after the glume grass turns green, dressing nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer; the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, and the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu;
4) in the tillering stage in the 6 th late month of the next year, a herbicide is adopted to kill dicotyledonous weeds, and the seeds are harvested after being mature.
In the invention, the land with the depth of 22-28 cm, preferably 24-26 cm, is selected for deep ploughing; the base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and urea; the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 8-12 kg/mu, preferably 10 kg/mu; the application amount of the urea is 4-6 kg/mu, preferably 5 kg/mu.
The method for sowing is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a conventional sowing method in the art can be adopted. The method is used for sowing in 4-6 months, preferably 5 months in the current year; the row spacing of sowing is 25-35 cm, preferably 30 cm; the sowing depth is 2-4 cm, and preferably 3 cm. After the sowing, the invention preferably presses for 1-2 times, and the purpose of pressing is to compact the surface soil, effectively control the sowing depth, overcome the broken strips and broken ridges, enable the seeds to be in close contact with the soil and facilitate the emergence of seedlings.
In the invention, after the glume grass turns green in spring, dressing nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in the second year; the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, preferably 10 kg/mu; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, preferably 10 kg/mu. The invention has no special limitation on the types of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer, and the conventional nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in the field can be adopted.
In the invention, the dicotyledonous weeds are killed by adopting the herbicide in the tillering stage of 6 th month of the next year, and the seeds are harvested after being mature. In the invention, the herbicide is preferably 2.4-D butyl grease missible oil, and the dosage of the 2.4-D butyl grease missible oil is preferably 0.05-0.06 kg/mu.
The invention provides a method for breeding improved glume grass seeds, which comprises the steps of land preparation, fertilization, sowing, intertillage weeding, topdressing and pest control, wherein the land preparation comprises the following steps: selecting a land with the depth of 25-30 cm; the fertilizing comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer diammonium phosphate, wherein the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 75-225 kg/hm2(ii) a The sowing comprises the following steps: the harvested grass seeds in the technical scheme are selected for sowing, and the sowing amount is 15-45 kg/hm2。
In the invention, in the improved seed breeding, deep ploughing is carried out on a land with the depth of 25-30 cm, preferably 26-28 cm; the fertilization is implemented by applying base fertilizer diammonium phosphate, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 75-225 kg/hm2Preferably 150 to 187.5kg/hm2. In the invention, the diammonium phosphate is preferably diammonium phosphate with 64% of total nitrogen and phosphorus. The source of the diammonium phosphate is not particularly limited, and the diammonium phosphate can be obtained by adopting a conventional commercial product.
In the invention, the sowing amount in the fine variety breeding is 15-45 kg/hm2Preferably 22.5-37.5 kg/hm2。
The method for intertillage weeding, additional fertilization and pest control is not particularly limited, and the conventional methods for intertillage weeding, additional fertilization and pest control in the field can be adopted.
The invention provides a method for cultivating and breeding glume grass, which comprises the steps of land preparation, fertilization, sowing, intertillage weeding, topdressing and pest control, wherein the fertilization comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer diammonium phosphate, wherein the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 75-225 kg/hm2(ii) a The sowing comprises the following steps: the harvested grass seeds in the technical scheme are selected for sowing, and the sowing amount is 15-45 kg/hm2(ii) a The row spacing of the sowing is 20-40 cm; the top dressing comprises the following steps: applying urea in an amount of 30-120 kg/hm2。
In the present invention, the cultivation is carried outFertilizing is implemented by applying base fertilizer diammonium phosphate, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 75-225 kg/hm2Preferably 150 to 187.5kg/hm2. In the invention, the diammonium phosphate is preferably diammonium phosphate with 64% of total nitrogen and phosphorus. The source of the diammonium phosphate is not particularly limited, and the diammonium phosphate can be obtained by adopting a conventional commercial product.
In the invention, the seeding amount in the cultivation and breeding is 15-45 kg/hm2Preferably 22.5-30 kg/hm2。
In the invention, the row spacing of sowing in the cultivation and breeding is 20-40 cm, and preferably the row spacing of sowing is 22.5-30 cm.
In the invention, the additional fertilizer in the cultivation and breeding is urea, and the application amount of the urea is 30-120 kg/hm2Preferably 52.5-97.5 kg/hm2. In the present invention, the urea is preferably urea having a nitrogen content of 46%. The source of the urea is not particularly limited in the invention, and the urea can be obtained by adopting a conventional commercial product.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The breeding method of the glumae grass seeds comprises the following steps:
100kg of stock seeds with purity of 98% and germination rate of 89% were prepared. Soil is prepared 5 days in 2016 and 5 months, the cultivation depth is 22cm, after cultivation, the soil is raked lightly for 2 times at the opposite angle, soil blocks are raked, and the ground is leveled. And compacting for 1 time before and after sowing in order to control the sowing depth and the seedling emergence of seeds. Sowing the seeds for 5 months and 26 days, establishing 200 mu of original planting field, and mechanically drilling the seeds at a row spacing of 30 cm. The sowing depth is 3cm, and the sowing quantity is 2.0 kg. 10kg of diammonium phosphate and 5.0kg of urea are applied to each mu of land. The grass planted in the current year grows slowly in the seedling stage and is easy to be invaded by weeds, intertillage weeding and artificial roguing removal are carried out in the original seed field in time, and livestock is strictly forbidden to trample and eat in the current year when the grass planted in the original seed field is sowed. After the pasture is turned green in spring every year after sowing, 10kg of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied.
The original seed field completely emerges seedlings at the beginning of 6 months in 2016, the seedlings emerge regularly and uniformly, the number of seedlings per mu is determined to be 27.5 thousands, the structure is reasonable, the growth vigor is good, and the tillering stage is reached before freezing. The green returning in late 5 months in 2017, and the overwintering rate reaches more than 96%. In 2017, in late 6 months (tillering period), dicotyledonous weeds are killed by adopting 2.4-D butyl ester emulsifiable solution, the dosage of the emulsifiable solution is 0.05kg per mu, 20kg of water is added, and the emulsifiable solution is uniformly sprayed on leaf surfaces by using a motor sprayer when the foliage is sunny. The seeds are ripe in late 9 months in 2017, and 2320kg of the original seeds are harvested.
Example 2
The breeding method of the fine variety of the glume grass comprises the following steps:
1.1 construction plot selection
Selecting flat ground surface, rape of previous crop, altitude of 3270 m, annual average precipitation of 429.8 mm, annual average temperature of 0.2 deg.C, activity temperature of 0 deg.C or more of 1503.0 deg.C, activity temperature of 1309.0 deg.C in the growing season of pasture and no absolute frost period. The pasture has the advantages of drought in winter and spring, windy and cold conditions, cool summer and rain and heat in the same season, is beneficial to the growth of pasture, has flat terrain, is surrounded by mountains, has the soil layer thickness of 70cm, is dark chestnut calcium soil, has high soil organic matter content and is suitable for planting excellent pasture. 200 mu are planted in 5 months in 2016, and 600 mu are planted in 2017.
1.2 seed preparation and Pre-sowing treatment
And 4, measuring the purity and the germination rate of the carefully selected glume grass seeds before sowing in 5 months of 2017, wherein the purity is 96 percent, and the germination rate is 85 percent. 4000kg of the grass seeds are prepared. Before sowing, fine tillage and fine cropping are required, the tillage depth is 25cm, the diagonal rake is lightly harrowed for 2 times, the ground surface is leveled, and soil blocks are finely crushed; compacting for 2 times to compact the surface soil, effectively control the sowing depth and overcome the broken strips and ridges. After sowing, the seeds can be tightly contacted with the soil by pressing, which is favorable for seedling emergence. The grass seedlings emerge neatly and uniformly, the number of seedlings per mu is determined to be 31.6 thousands, the structure is reasonable, the growth vigor is good, the tillering stage is reached before freezing, and the grass is harvested in 2018 years.
1.3 sowing amount and fertilization test
1.3.1 test design
A random block design and two treatments of different fertilizing amounts and sowing amounts are adopted in a test field of a good-variety breeding farm of the same-German pasture, and a theoretical basis is provided for large-scale planting of the large glumes in the region. The experiment adopts a double-factor random block design, each factor has 5 treatments, the total number of treatments is 25, the treatment is repeated for 4 times, and the area of a cell is 15m2(5 m long × 3m wide), 1m inter-cell distance, 1m repeat distance, and 100 co-planted cells. The seeding rate is set to be 15kg/hm2、22.5kg/hm2、30kg/hm2、37.5kg/hm2、45kg/hm2There were 5 treatments in total. The dosage of 64 percent diammonium phosphate applied to the base fertilizer is 75kg/hm2、112.5kg/hm2、150kg/hm2、187.5kg/hm2、225kg/hm2There were 5 treatments in total. All data were entered using Excel2003, analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software, data were analyzed using ANOVA variance, and significance of differences was multiple compared using Duncan test.
1.3.2 fertilizing the film of the growth period
The treatment is completed to green turning after 1-4-9 days in 4 months, the overwintering rate is over 70 percent, tillering is completed before 22 days in 4 months, joint pulling is started about 20 days in 5 months, booting is performed after 20-30 days in 6 months, heading is performed after 19 days in 7 months, the plant height is 105-124 cm in heading period, flowering is performed after 22 days in 7 months, and the seeds of the grass with large glumes are ripe after 1 day in 9 months.
With the increase of the seeding amount and the fertilizing amount, the dry-fresh ratio and the total dry weight of stems and leaves are increased, and the dry-fresh ratio is processed (the seeding amount is 37.5 kg/hm)2+75kg/hm2) During treatment, the dry-fresh ratio reaches the highest, and the sowing quantity is 15kg/hm2In the meantime, the ratio of the leaves to the total ratio of the stems and leaves is the highest, reaching 42.43%, and the ratio of each treated stem to the total ratio of the leaves to the stems is 52.40% -67.30%.
1.3.3 Effect of fertilizing on yield and its constituent factors
The seeding rate is tested to 5 levels (7.5 kg/hm)2、15kg/hm2、22.5kg/hm2、30kg/hm2、37.5kg/hm2) The dosage of 64 percent diammonium phosphate applied to the base fertilizer is 75kg/hm2、112.5kg/hm2、150kg/hm2、187.5kg/hm2、225kg/hm2) Total 25 treatments, resultsShows that: in the treatment of 5 different seeding amounts of the grass, when the average seeding amount is 37.5kg/hm2In 2017, the yield of the hay is 1180.2g/m2Respectively show (P)<0.05) higher than 7.5kg/hm of seeding rate2、15kg/hm2、22.5kg/hm2Average hay yield during treatment, the lowest hay yield treatment is a seeding rate of 30kg/hm2The yield of the hay is 948.1g/m2(ii) a The average seeding rate in 2018 is 37.5kg/hm2The yield of the Japanese hay is 1071.6g/m2Among the 5 different treatments of the forage grass, the treatment with the highest yield of hay was found to be diamine at 187.5kg/hm2The average hay yields in two years were 1129 and 1025.15g/m, respectively2When the seed is planted (the seeding rate is 37.5 kg/hm)2+ fertilizer efficiency 187.5kg/hm2) The yield of hay reached the best in two years with the treatment of (1).
The sowing quantity treatment has obvious influence on the yield of the grass seeds, the diamine has no obvious influence on the yield of the grass seeds, the interaction between the sowing quantity and the diamine has no obvious influence on the yield of the grass seeds, and the highest sowing quantity in 2017 is 22.5kg/hm in the treatment of 5 different sowing quantities of the grass seeds2The seed yield was 143.37g/m2Is significant (P)<0.05) treatment higher than the minimum seed yield (sowing amount of 37.5 kg/hm)2The seed yield was 97.10g/m2(ii) a Of the 5 different treatments of the grass2The seed yield was 122.56g/m2The lowest seed yield treatment was a diamine level of 112.5kg/hm2The seed yield was 111.44g/m2In a two-year test (sowing amount is 22.5 kg/hm)2+ diamine 225kg/hm2) The seed yield was highest.
Two leaves with equal width (seeding rate 22.5 kg/hm)2+ fertilizing at 150/187.5kg/hm2) Significant treatment (P)<0.05) is higher than (seeding rate is 22.5 kg/hm)2+ fertilizing 75/112.5/225kg/hm2) Processing; then fertilizing (112.5/225 kg/hm)2) Then, as the seeding rate increases, the width of the positive two leaves tends to decrease first and then increase (the seeding rate is 22.5 kg/hm)2+ fertilizing 187.5kg/hm2) Treating, wherein the width of the two front leaves is the highest and reaches 0.62 cm; the fertilizer application rate is 225kg/hm2Under the treatment, the ear length is reduced along with the increase of the sowing amount, (fertilization is carried out at 150 kg/hm)2+ seeding rate 22.5kg/hm2) Significant spike length (P)<0.05) higher than (150 kg/hm)2+ seeding rate 30kg/hm2) Treating with the highest ear length of 12.45cm (sowing amount of 22.5 kg/hm)2+ fertilizing 150kg/hm2) The length of the seed is 7.60cm (the seeding amount is 30 kg/hm)2+ fertilizing at 150kg/hm2) Is 39% higher; when the seeding amount is 15kg/hm2When this is the case, the diamine content is 225kg/hm2The ear width (0.80cm) is significantly higher than (P)<0.05) amount of diamine 75kg/hm2And 187.5kg/hm2(0.61, 0.54cm) treatment; the sowing quantity and fertilization have great influence on the yield and yield factors (single-sequence seed number and single-sequence seed weight) of the grass seeds, but the influence is not significant (P)>0.05). At the same fertilization level, the diamine removal amount is 225kg/hm2Number of grains in single order and 112.5kg/hm2The weight of seeds in single sequence is 15kg/hm2The time reaches the maximum value, and the number of the single-sequence seeds and the weight of the single-sequence seeds generally show the trend of ascending first and then descending along with the increase of the seeding amount under the treatment of the same row spacing by other treatments. Under the same sowing quantity, the average single-sequence seed number shows the trend of increasing first and then decreasing along with the increase of the row spacing, but the difference is not obvious (P)>0.05). The number of the single-sequence seeds and the weight of the single-sequence seeds are within 187.5kg/hm (fertilization rate)2+ seeding rate of 30/37.5kg/hm2Significant under treatment (P)<0.05) is higher than (fertilization rate is 187.5 kg/hm)2+ seeding rate of 15/22.5kg/hm2) Treating with single-sequence seed number of 150kg/hm2+ sowing quantity 45kg/hm2) The treatment reaches the maximum of 57.67 (fertilization rate is 187.5 kg/hm)2+ seeding rate of 15kg/hm2) The number of single-order seeds and the weight average of single-order seeds are minimum and are 17.53.
Example 3
The method for cultivating and breeding the glume grass comprises the following steps:
1.1 test of the amount of grass planted and the row spacing
Carrying out a large glume grass cultivation technical research test on a grass fine variety breeding farm in Qinghai province, an improved test station of an iron Bu grassland in Qinghai province and a large Wu town in Maqin county of Congo, wherein the test adopts a random block design, is repeated for 4 times, and has a cell area of 15m2(5 m long × 3m wide), inter-cellThe distance is 50cm, the repeat distance is 100cm, the seeding rate is set to be 15kg/hm2、22.5kg/hm2、30kg/hm2、37.5kg/hm2、45kg/hm2And 5, processing. The line spacing is set at 20cm, 25cm, 30cm, 35cm and 40cm for 5 treatments. The sowing mode is drill sowing. The test land requires fine land preparation, flat ground surface, 28cm tilling depth, 2 times of raking at opposite angles after tilling, soil blocks raking and ground surface leveling. In addition to the fertilizer application test, in other tests, the seed fertilizer is applied with 150kg/hm of 64 percent diammonium phosphate2Topdressing 46% urea 75kg/hm2. The artificial weeding is carried out 2 times in the current year and 1 time in the next year after sowing. And (6) sowing in 2016.
Respectively selecting 20 plants in 2 nd and 3 rd cultivation years (2017 and 2018) in each cell in full-bloom stage, and recording the natural heights of the plants; randomly selecting 1m in the plot in the 2 nd year and the 2 nd year of planting2The weed is removed, the fresh weight of the weed is weighed, and the weed is naturally air-dried, and then the weed is weighed to obtain the dry weight of the wind; randomly selecting 1m in each cell at the seed maturation stage of the 2 nd year and the 2 nd year of cultivation respectively2In the same way, the pasture is mown and the pasture seeds are collected by single beating.
1.1.1 points of the same German test
1.1.1.1 period of plant season and ratio of stem leaves
The culture period of the same moral test point row spacing seeding is up to green turning at the beginning of 4 months, 12 days in 5 months are in node, ear is pregnant in 6 months, ear is spilt at the bottom of 6 months, flowering is in 7 months, ripening is in 9 months, and the overwintering rate of each treatment is between 60% and 85%.
The flowering period of the glume grass is measured in 2018, 7, 15, and the sowing amount and the row spacing of the stem leaves and the stem leaves are known, wherein the dry-fresh ratio is 49-56 percent in each treatment, and the total weight of the stem leaves is 280.3g in treatment (the sowing amount is 30 kg/hm)2+ line spacing 25kg/hm2) The highest seeding amount is reached, and the seeding amount is 7.5kg/hm2+ line spacing of 30kg/hm2) Is 233.6kg/hm at the lowest2The dry weight of the leaves accounts for 39-43% of the total stem-leaf ratio, and the dry weight of the stems accounts for 57-63% of the total stem-leaf ratio.
1.1.1.2 Effect of row spacing seeding rate on yield of grass of the same origin
The grass of the Chinese alpine rush is in the same row spacing in 2017The yield of the grass seeds increases with the sowing amount, and the sowing amount is 30kg/hm2When the yield reaches 138.210g/m2Is obviously higher than the seeding rate A1(15 kg/hm)2) Processing, the sowing amount of the grass seeds is obviously different from the yield of the grass seeds, the row spacing is not obviously different from the yield of the grass seeds, and the average sowing amount is 22.5kg/hm in 20182The average yield of the seeds reaches 127.7g/m2The seed yield is obviously higher than that of other four sowing quantities, the sowing quantity in 2017 is (the sowing quantity is 30kg/hm2+ the row spacing is 30cm), and the seed yield reaches the highest 156g/m2The sowing amount is 22.5kg/hm in 20182+ row spacing of 30cm) and the seed yield reaches the highest 134.4g/m2. The dry grass yield basically changes in the same sowing quantity level in 2017 year as follows: the row spacing increases and then decreases, the seeding quantity and the row spacing have no obvious difference on the yield of the glume hay, and when the seeding quantity is 22.5kg/hm2The average hay yield is highest (row spacing is 30cm + seeding amount is 22.5 kg/hm)2) The highest hay yield is highest, the seeding amount and the row spacing in 2018 years have significant influence on the hay yield, and when the seeding amount is 30kg/hm2The average hay yield is highest (row spacing is 30cm + seeding amount is 30 kg/hm)2) The highest hay yield was highest.
1.1.2 iron Bo plus test Point
1.1.2.1 phenological period and Stem leaf ratio of Tiebo plus test Point row spacing sowing quantity
The Tiebo plus the test point row spacing sowing quantity phenological period reaches the green turning at about No. 4-17, the panicle is immature at about 6-25 days, the panicle is pregnant at about 7-6 days, the panicle is spilt at about 7-20 days, the panicle is bloomed at 22 months, the panicle is mature at 26 months, the overwintering rate of each treatment is over 80 percent, and the glume grass has higher overwintering rate when being stuck with the Tiebo.
The flowering period of the glume grass is measured in 7, 21 and 2018, the sowing amount and the row spacing of the stem leaves and the stem leaves are known, the dry-fresh ratio is 26.12-35.48% in each treatment, and the total weight of the stem leaves is 66.97g in treatment (the sowing amount is 15 kg/hm)2+ line spacing of 20kg/hm2) The highest seeding rate is reached, and the seeding rate is 37.5kg/hm2+ line spacing 25kg/hm2) The minimum weight of the tea leaves is 28.14g, and the ratio of the dry weight of the leaves to the total stem-leaf ratio is 31.98-44.30%, and the weight of the stems accounts for 52.79-66.16% of the total stem-leaf ratio.
Under the same row spacing, the yield of the grass seeds increases with the sowing quantity, and then decreases, and the sowing quantity is 22.5kg/hm2When the yield reaches 154.31g/m2Is obviously higher than the seeding rate (15 kg/hm)2) The processing shows that the sowing amount of the grass seeds is obviously different from the yield of the grass seeds, the row spacing is obviously different from the yield of the grass seeds, (the sowing amount is 22.5 kg/hm)2When the row spacing is 30cm, the seed yield reaches the highest 152.89g/m2. The yield of dry grass at the same sowing level is basically changed as follows: at a line spacing of 30, the average hay yield reaches 693.67g/m2The highest sowing quantity and row spacing have obvious difference on the yield of the glume hay, and when the sowing quantity is 22.5kg/hm2The average hay yield was highest (row spacing 35cm + seeding rate 22.5 kg/hm)2) The hay yield was highest.
1.1.3 Frountand test points
1.1.2.1 phenological period and stem leaf ratio of fruit Luo State test point row spacing sowing amount
The test point row spacing seeding phenological period of fruit Luozhou reaches green turning at about No. 4-9, the stage is withdrawn at 27 days of 6 months, the ear is pregnant at about 11 days of 7 months, the ear is spilt at about 28 days of 7 months, the flower blooms at 8 months and 15 months, and the stage reaches the stage of milk maturity at No. 9-27. The row spacing and the seeding quantity have no great influence on the growth period.
The yield of the large glume grass is measured in the flowering period of 8, 15 and 8 months in 2018, the plant height in the flowering period is 75.6cm at least and 95.7cm at most, the dry-fresh ratio and the stem-leaf ratio of the sowing amount and the row spacing are known, the dry-fresh ratio is 32.6-39.1% in each treatment, and the total weight of stems and leaves is 380.2g in treatment (the sowing amount is 37.5 kg/hm)2The row spacing of 40cm reaches the highest, and the seed is treated (the seeding rate is 15 kg/hm)2+ line spacing 35kg/hm2) The minimum is 326.2g, the dry weight of the leaves accounts for 61-74 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio, and the dry weight of the stems accounts for 26-41 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio.
Under the same row spacing, the yield of the grass seeds increases with the sowing quantity, and then the yield of the grass seeds decreases, and the sowing quantity is 30kg/hm2When the yield reaches 53.38g/m, the average yield of seeds2Significantly above the seeding quantity A1(15 kg-hm2) Treatment (average seed yield up to 46.76 g/m)2) The sowing amount of the grass seeds is obviously different from the yield of the grass seeds, the row spacing is not obviously different from the yield of the grass seeds, (the sowing amount is 30 kg/hm)2When the row spacing is 30cm, the seed yield reaches the maximum 61.50g/m2. The yield of dry grass at the same sowing level is basically changed as follows: when the row spacing is 30, the average hay yield reaches 420g/m2The highest sowing quantity and row spacing have obvious difference on the yield of the glume hay, and when the sowing quantity is 30kg/hm2The average hay yield was the highest at 446g/m2And treating (line spacing 30cm + seeding amount 30 kg/hm)2) The hay yield was highest.
1.1.4 sowing quantity row spacing test summary
In the test, the influences of the Dude, Feipca and Guochou test points on the sowing quantity and row spacing of the large weeds on the yield of the large weeds are measured, and the growth period of the Dude and Feipca regions is 169 days, the green returning time of the Dude test points is the earliest, the green returning is achieved in 4 month and 2 days, the Duipca test points are green returning in 4 month and 17 days, the fruit luochou green returning time is between the two test points, the total weight of stems and leaves is higher than that of the other two test points in each treatment in Guochou, the proportion of leaf weight is higher than that of the other two test points, and the proportion of stem weight is lower than that of the other two test points, which shows that the seed maturity of the Wuwu Zheng pasture grass in Guochou is not higher than that of the other two test points, but the yield. The seed yield is higher than the other two test points at the test point of Tiebo and the optimal treatment combination is (the line spacing is 30cm + the seeding amount is 30 kg/hm)2Row spacing of 22.5cm and seeding rate of 35kg/hm2) (ii) a The hay yield was higher at the same German test point than at the other two test points, the best treatment combination was (row spacing 30cm + seeding rate 22.5 kg/hm)2Row spacing of 30cm and seeding rate of 30kg/hm2)。
The altitude of the fruit of the Luo province is higher than the test points of Feboka and Tongde, the growth period and the seed yield are different, and the seed yield of the grass of the fruit of the Luo province is lower than those of the other two test points, probably because of the altitude; higher hay yields at the same de test point may be due to higher water loss than borca in the same de year.
1.2 fertilization test of grass
At the three test points, a fertilization test is carried out, and the dosage of 6 diammonium phosphates with 64 percent of base fertilizer treated by the treatment A is 0kg/hm2、75kg/hm2、112.5kg/hm2、150kg/hm2、187.5kg/hm2、225kg/hm2(ii) a Treatment B is implemented by applying 46% urea 6 times at 0kg/hm respectively in the pasture stage2、30kg/hm2、52.5kg/hm2、75kg/hm2、97.5kg/hm2、120kg/hm26, performing topdressing by ditching and strip applying before or after rain; the cell adopts a random block design, 4 times of repetition and 15m of cell area2(5 m long × 3m wide), cell spacing of 50cm, repeat spacing of 100cm, and seeding rate of 30kg/hm2The row spacing is 30cm, and the sowing mode is drill sowing.
3.2.1 three test Point growth periods
The green turning period of the point fertilization test of the same De test is earliest, the green turning is achieved at the beginning of 4 months, the nodes are changed at 2 days of 5 months, ears are removed in 7 months, flowers are bloomed in 20 days of 7 months, and the maturity is achieved in 9 months; the green turning is late in the iron blue fertilizing test, the green turning is achieved around No. 4 and No. 17, the period is changed at 25 days of 6 months, the ear is pregnant around 6 days of 7 months, the ear is spilt around 20 days of 7 months, the flower blooms at 22 months and the flower is ripe at 26 months 9; the test point of the fruit Rou reaches the green turning around 4 months and 9 months, the period is changed at 27 days of 6 months, the ear is spilt around 28 days of 7 months, the flower blooms at 15 months and the period reaches the milk stage at 27 months and 9 months. The fertilization has no great influence on the growth period.
1.2.2 Dry-fresh ratio and Stem-leaf ratio of three test points
The yield of the large glume grass in the flowering period is measured at the same-de test point in 7, 15 and 2018, the dry-fresh ratio and the stem-leaf ratio of the fertilizer are known, the dry-fresh ratio in each treatment is 32.34-39.32%, and the total weight of the stem and the leaf is 415.2g (P187.5 kg/hm)2+N 97.5kg/hm2) The highest, the dry weight of the leaves accounts for 31.8 to 41.8 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio, and the dry weight of the stems accounts for 58.2 to 68.2 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio; the experimental point of Tiebo is that the flowering period of the grass is tested in 7-21.7.2018, the dry-fresh ratio of the fertilization test in each treatment is 31.77-41.6%, and the total weight of stem and leaf is 58.73g in the treatment (P187.5 kg/hm)2+N 97.5kg/hm2) The highest ratio of dry leaf weight to total stem leaf ratio is reached34.6 to 45.80 percent, and the weight of stems accounts for 54.2 to 65.4 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio; the test point of GuoLuzhou measures the yield of the large glume grass in the flowering period of 8 months and 15 days in 2018, the dry-fresh ratio of fertilization is 33.23-48% in each treatment, the total weight of stems and leaves is 480.6g in the treatment (P0 + N52.5 kg/hm)2) The highest, the dry weight of the leaves accounts for 50 to 70 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio, and the dry weight of the stems accounts for 30 to 50 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio; the dry weight of the leaves of the test point of fruit Luozhou accounts for a higher proportion of the total stems and leaves.
1.2.3 Effect of three test Point fertilization tests on its yield
The yield of the curdlan test points in two years is the same level of diammonium phosphate, the yield of the glume grass seeds tends to increase firstly and then decrease along with the increase of urea, and the yield of the curdlan grass seeds in 2017 is 52.5kg/hm of urea2The average yield of the seeds reaches 99.49g/m2The content of the urea of the grass at the same de test point and the content of the diammonium have no obvious difference on the yield of the grass seeds, when the urea is 52.5kg/hm2+ diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm2The yield of the glume grass seeds reaches the highest; in 2018, the urea content is 52.5kg/hm2The average yield of the seeds reaches 92.25g/m2The same-Germany test point of the glume grass urea has obvious difference on the yield of the glume grass seeds, and the average diammonium amount is 112.5kg/hm2Average seed yield per hour was highest and treated (urea 52.5 kg/hm)2+ diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm2) The yield of the large glume grass seeds reaches the highest. 2018, 2017 and 2018 when urea is 75kg/hm2The dosage of the diammonium phosphate is 150kg/hm2The yield of the glume hay reaches the highest.
The iron adding test point shows that the yield of the grass seeds increases firstly and then decreases along with the increase of the urea dosage under the same diammonium phosphate level, and 187.5kg/hm of diammonium phosphate is added2The average yield of the seeds reaches the highest 126.58g/m2The urea content is 52.5kg/hm2Average seed yield up to 135g/m2，(P 187.5kg/hm2+N 30kg/hm2) The yield of the treated combined seeds reaches the highest 152.97g/m2(ii) a In diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm2The average yield of the hay reaches the highest 907.99g/m2And 52 in urea.5kg/hm2The average hay yield reaches a maximum of 881.95g/m2，(P 150kg/hm2+N 75kg/hm2) The yield of the treated combined hay reaches the highest 979.17g/m2；
The Gualozhou test point was at 187.5kg/hm diammonium phosphate at the same diammonium phosphate level2The average yield of the seeds reaches the highest 91.50g/m2In the case of urea, 97.5kg/hm2The average seed yield reaches up to 81.22g/m2，(P 187.5kg/hm2+N 97.5kg/hm2) The yield of the treated combined seeds reaches the maximum of 97.8g/m2(ii) a In diammonium phosphate 150kg/hm2The average yield of the hay reaches the highest 691.17g/m2In the case of urea, 120kg/hm2The average hay yield reaches a maximum of 688.33g/m2，(P 150kg/hm2+N 120kg/hm2) The yield of the treated and combined hay reaches the maximum of 770g/m2。
The seed yield of the Tie Bu test points is higher than that of the other two test points, and the hay yield of the Tongde test points is higher than that of the other two test points; the effect of urea on the yield of grass was greater than the effect of diammonium phosphate.
1.2.4 Fertilizer application test summary
In this test, (P187.5 kg/hm)2+N 30/52.5kg/hm2) The yield of the treated combined seeds reaches the highest; (P150 kg/hm)2+N 75kg/hm2) The treated combination hay produced the highest yield, with the same conclusions at both the Tiebo plus and the Tond test points, but at the fruit Lo test point (P187.5 kg/hm)2+N 97.5kg/hm2) The seed yield of the treated combination reaches the maximum (P150 kg/hm)2+N 120kg/hm2) The treated combination hay yield reached the highest, which may be related to the growth period being later than the other two test points, the seed yield at the tiebo test point was higher than the other two test points, and the hay yield at the peer test point was higher than the other two test points; the effect of urea on the yield of grass was greater than the effect of diammonium phosphate.
1.3 sowing amount and sowing period test of grass
The seeding rate is set to 15kg/hm2、22.5kg/hm2、30kg/hm2、37.5kg/hm2、45kg/hm2And 5, processing. The sowing period is set to start sowing from 18 days of 5 months, sowing is carried out once every 15 days for 5 times in total, the sowing date of the last time is 16 days of 7 months, the sowing mode is drill sowing, a double-factor random block design is adopted, 5 treatments are carried out for each factor, 25 treatments are carried out in total, the 4 times of repetition are carried out, and the area of a cell is 15m2(5 m long × 3m wide), 1m inter-cell distance, 1m repeat distance, and 100 co-planted cells.
1.3.1 Effect of the test of the sowing quantity and the sowing period of the grass on the growth period
The green turning period of the point fertilization test of the same De test is earliest, the green turning is achieved at the beginning of 4 months, the nodes are changed at 2 days of 5 months, ears are removed in 7 months, flowers are bloomed in 20 days of 7 months, and the maturity is achieved in 9 months; the green turning is late in the iron blue fertilizing test, the green turning is achieved around No. 4 and No. 17, the period is changed at 25 days of 6 months, the ear is pregnant around 6 days of 7 months, the ear is spilt around 20 days of 7 months, the flower blooms at 22 months and the flower is ripe at 26 months 9; the test point of the fruit Rou reaches the green turning around 4 months and 9 months, the period is changed at 27 days of 6 months, the ear is spilt around 28 days of 7 months, the flower blooms at 15 months and the period reaches the milk stage at 27 months and 9 months. The fertilization has no great influence on the growth period.
1.3.2 Effect of the test of sowing amount and sowing period of the grass of Bingcao on the dry-fresh ratio and the stem-leaf ratio of the grass
The yield of the large glume grass in the flowering period is measured at the same-de test point in 7, 15 and 2018, the dry-fresh ratio and the stem-leaf ratio of the fertilizer are known, the dry-fresh ratio is 31-48.6 percent in each treatment, and the total weight of the stem and the leaf is 492.6g in the treatment (the sowing amount is 45 kg/hm)2+ sowing 6 months and 17 days), the dry weight of the leaves accounts for 31.3 to 45.08 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio, and the dry weight of the stems accounts for 54.92 to 68.7 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio; the test point of Tiebo is that the flowering period of the Chinese alpine rush is tested at 7, 21 and 7 months in 2018, the dry-fresh ratio of the fertilization test in each treatment is 31.77-41.6 percent, and the total weight of stem and leaf is 58.21g in the treatment (the sowing amount is 45 kg/hm)2+ sowing 6 months and 17 days), the dry weight of the leaves accounts for 31.3 to 45.94 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio, and the dry weight of the stems accounts for 54.06 to 70.08 percent of the total stem-leaf ratio; the test point of GuoLuzhou measures the yield of the large glume grass in the flowering period of 8 months and 15 days in 2018, the dry-fresh ratio of fertilization is 27.2-40.4% in each treatment, and the total weight of stems and leaves is 403.7g in the treatment (the sowing amount is 15 kg/hm)2+ sowing period 6 months and 17 days) reaches the highest, and the dry weight of leavesThe ratio of the stems and leaves is 42-90%, and the weight of the stems is 10-58%; the dry weight of the leaves of the test point of fruit Luozhou accounts for a higher proportion of the total stems and leaves.
1.3.3 Effect of three test dibbling volume broadcast period tests on its yield
The same-German test point shows that the yield of the grass seeds increases first and then decreases along with the extension of the sowing period at the same sowing quantity level, and the average yield of the seeds reaches 98.92g/m when the sowing period is 6 months and 17 days2The large glume grass seeding amount on the same Germany test point has obvious difference on the yield, the seeding period has no obvious difference on the yield, and the large glume grass seeding amount is treated (the seeding amount is 22.5 kg/hm)2+ sowing period 6 months and 17 days) the yield of the grass seeds reaches the highest; treatment (seeding rate 22.5 kg/hm)2+ sowing period 7 months and 2 days) the yield of the glume hay reaches the highest; the sowing quantity of the iron radish at the test point is 30kg/hm2The average yield of the seeds reaches the highest 135.95g/m2The average seed yield reaches 132.79g/m at the maximum in the sowing period of 5 months and 18 days2(seeding rate 30 kg/hm)2+ sowing period 5 months and 18 days) to reach the highest yield of 155.8g/m2(ii) a The sowing quantity is 30kg/hm2The average yield of the hay reaches the highest 549.6g/m2The average hay yield reaches the maximum of 566.4g/m under the condition of treatment of 5 months and 18 days of sowing period2(seeding rate 30 kg/hm)2+ sowing period 6 months and 17 days) the combined hay yield reaches the highest 636g/m2。
The test point of fruit Luo is at the same sowing quantity level, the sowing period is 6 months and 17 days, and the average yield of the seeds reaches the maximum 38.48g/m2The sowing quantity is 30kg/hm2The average seed yield reaches up to 36.56g/m2(seeding rate is 22.5 kg/hm)2+ sowing 6 months and 17 days) to reach the highest yield of 47.6g/m2(ii) a The sowing quantity is 30kg/hm2The average yield of the hay is 560g/m at most2When the sowing period is 7 months and 16 months, the average hay yield reaches 478g/m at the maximum2(seeding rate 30 kg/hm)2+ sowing period 7 months and 2 days) the combined hay yield reaches the highest 730g/m2。
The seed yield of the Tie Bu test points is higher than that of the other two test points, and the hay yield of the Tongde test points is higher than that of the other two test points; the influence of sowing quantity on the yield of the glume grass is larger than that of sowing time.
1.3.4 Effect of different years of the same Det test point on the yield of the grass under the condition of sowing time treatment of sowing amount
T test of hay yield and seed yield in 2017 and 2018 shows that there is no significant difference between hay yield and seed yield in 2017 and 2018 (P)<0.05), the hay yield is under treatment (sowing amount is 22.5 kg/hm)27 months and 7 days) and then the second treatment (seeding rate of 15/22.5 kg/hm)2Sowing time of 6 months and 2 days, (sowing amount is 37.5 kg/hm)27 months and 16 days) in the seed period; 2017 and 2018, which are grown in two years (the seeding rate is 22.5 kg/hm)2Seeding date 6 months and 17 days) is highest; this experiment shows that a higher yield can be achieved by increasing the seeding rate to obtain a higher seed yield and hay yield during the late-stage seeding period.
3.3.5 sowing amount and sowing period
The test shows that the yield of the seeds of the grass glume reaches the best when the grass glume is sowed in 17 days in 6 months, and the yield is the lowest when the sowing period is 16 days in 7 months, probably because the sowing period is too late, the temperature is too high, the moisture is low, the low-temperature exercise of the grass is reduced, and the germination and the growth of the grass are reduced.
The sowing amount and sowing period of different varieties and different species are different, and the experimental research shows that: the optimal sowing amount of the glume grass is 15 to 22.5, the sowing period is 6 months and 17 days, the average seed yield is the highest, (the sowing amount is 22.5/30 kg/hm)26 months and 17 days) to obtain the highest seed yield, and after the optimal sowing period (6 months and 17 days), the sowing period is delayed until the sowing amount is increased to achieve higher yield, so that higher seed yield and hay yield can be obtained.
1.4 analysis of yield-constituting factors in cultivation-technical tests
The analysis of yield factors of cultivation technical tests shows that: in the row spacing test of the seeding amount, the seeding amount is 22.5kg/hm2Significant root length (P)<0.05) is higher than the other three seeding rates (30/37.5/45 kg/hm)2) The maximum number of single-sequence seeds reaches 51.5, and when the line spacing is 30cm, the length of the second internode is higher than that of other line spacings for processing; in the fertilization test, the diammonium phosphate is 112.5kg/hm2Significant root length (P)<0.05) higher than 187.5/225kg/hm2Level, urea has no significant influence on yield (P)<0.05) differential effect; in the seeding rate and seeding period test, the seeding rate is 37.5kg/hm2The main spike length, the single-order seed number and the single-order seed weight average are higher than those of other treatments, and the sowing period has no obvious factors for all the yield (P)<0.05) of the effect.
1.5 cultivation technical test summary
The suitable cultivation row spacing and seeding rate can reasonably and effectively regulate the population structure of the plant, thereby better utilizing solar radiation, improving the photosynthetic rate and further improving the dry matter accumulation capacity, in the test, the seed yield is higher than other two test points at the iron adding test point, and the optimal treatment combination is (the row spacing is 30cm + the seeding rate is 30 kg/hm)2Row spacing of 22.5cm and seeding rate of 35kg/hm2) (ii) a The hay yield was higher at the same German test point than at the other two test points, the best treatment combination was (row spacing 30cm + seeding rate 22.5 kg/hm)2Row spacing of 30cm and seeding rate of 30kg/hm2). The related biological factors forming the seed yield are many, some of the factors are easy to be controlled by the conditions of climate and cultivation management, and the change of each factor can directly or indirectly influence the seed yield; higher hay yields at the same de test point may be due to higher water loss than borca in the same de year.
In this test, (P187.5 kg/hm)2+N 30/52.5kg/hm2) The yield of the treated combined seeds reaches the highest; (P150 kg/hm)2+N 75kg/hm2) The treated combination hay produced the highest yield, with the same conclusions at both the Tiebo plus and the Tond test points, but at the fruit Lo test point (P187.5 kg/hm)2+N 97.5kg/hm2) The seed yield of the treated combination reaches the maximum (P150 kg/hm)2+N 120kg/hm2) The treated combination hay yield was maximized, which may be associated with a growth period later than the other two test points, and the seed yield at the Tiebo plus test point was higher than the other two test pointsThe yield of hay at the same point of the test is higher than that at the other two points of the test; the effect of urea on the yield of grass was greater than the effect of diammonium phosphate.
The optimum sowing amount of the grass in the test is 15kg/hm2、22.5kg/hm2The average seed yield is highest when the sowing period is 17 days in 6 months, (the sowing amount is 22.5/30 kg/hm)26 months and 17 days) to obtain the highest seed yield, and after the optimal sowing period (6 months and 17 days), the sowing period is delayed until the sowing amount is increased to achieve higher yield, so that higher seed yield and hay yield can be obtained.
The glume grass has the highest yield at the same point of the test, the height of the glume grass is low, the glume grass is not easy to fall down, and the yield of hay is high; from the three test points, the proportion of the grass leaves is larger, which indicates that the grass animals like to eat the grass, and the proportion of the grass stems of the poor flower and the thin grass is higher, which indicates that the grass yield is higher. As an ecological management grass seed, the glume grass has the characteristics of low plant height, difficult lodging and high grass yield, and has important popularization value.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding glumae grass seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a land with the depth of 22-28 cm, and applying a base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and urea; the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 8-12 kg/mu, and the application amount of the urea is 4-6 kg/mu;
2) sowing grass seeds in 4-6 months in the year, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 25-35 cm, and the sowing depth is 2-4 cm;
3) in the next year, after the glume grass turns green, dressing nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer; the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu, and the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 8-12 kg/mu;
4) in the tillering stage in the 6 th late month of the next year, a herbicide is adopted to kill dicotyledonous weeds, and the seeds are harvested after being mature.
2. The elite breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the diammonium phosphate is applied in step 1) at a rate of 10 kg/mu and the urea is applied at a rate of 5 kg/mu.
3. The elite breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the seeds sowed in step 2) is 30cm and the depth of the seeds sowed is 3 cm.
4. The elite breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 10 kg/mu and the phosphate fertilizer is applied in 10 kg/mu in step 3).
5. A method for breeding improved varieties of glumes comprises the steps of land preparation, fertilization, sowing, intertillage weeding, topdressing and pest control, and is characterized in that the land preparation comprises the following steps: selecting a land with the depth of 25-30 cm;
the fertilizing comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer diammonium phosphate, wherein the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 75-225 kg/hm2；
The sowing comprises the following steps: selecting the glume grass seeds harvested in the step 4) of the step 1 of sowing in an amount of 15-45 kg/hm2。
6. An improved variety breeding method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the amount of diammonium phosphate applied is 150-187.5 kg/hm2(ii) a The seeding amount is 22.5-37.5 kg/hm2。
7. A method for cultivating and breeding glume grass comprises the steps of land preparation, fertilization, seeding, intertillage weeding, topdressing and pest control, and is characterized in that the fertilization comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer diammonium phosphate, wherein the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 75-225 kg/hm2；
The sowing comprises the following steps: selecting the grass seeds harvested in step 4) of claim 1 for sowing, said grass seeds having a high yieldThe seeding amount is 15-45 kg/hm2(ii) a The row spacing of the sowing is 20-40 cm;
the top dressing comprises the following steps: applying urea in an amount of 30-120 kg/hm2。
8. The cultivation and breeding method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the amount of diammonium phosphate is 150-187.5 kg/hm2；
The seeding amount is 22.5-30 kg/hm2The row spacing of the sowing is 22.5-30 cm;
the application amount of the urea is 52.5-97.5 kg/hm2。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910963975.7A CN110583376A (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2019-10-11 | Method for breeding glumae grass original species, method for breeding improved species and method for cultivating and breeding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910963975.7A CN110583376A (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2019-10-11 | Method for breeding glumae grass original species, method for breeding improved species and method for cultivating and breeding |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110583376A true CN110583376A (en) | 2019-12-20 |
Family
ID=68866508
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910963975.7A Pending CN110583376A (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2019-10-11 | Method for breeding glumae grass original species, method for breeding improved species and method for cultivating and breeding |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110583376A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114557239A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-05-31 | 青海省草原改良试验站 | Method for repairing degraded grassland by mixed seeding of standing grains and beans |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101720615A (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-06-09 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Synergism planting technology for retarding and being suitable for climate change in north droughty area |
| CN109006226A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-18 | 雷学军 | With the method for C4 plant reply Global climate change |
-
2019
- 2019-10-11 CN CN201910963975.7A patent/CN110583376A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101720615A (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-06-09 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Synergism planting technology for retarding and being suitable for climate change in north droughty area |
| CN109006226A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-18 | 雷学军 | With the method for C4 plant reply Global climate change |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 贾顺斌等: "大颖草最佳播种量和行距的试验初报", 《青海草业》 * |
| 马力等: "尿素与磷酸二铵配施对大颖草产量的影响", 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114557239A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-05-31 | 青海省草原改良试验站 | Method for repairing degraded grassland by mixed seeding of standing grains and beans |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103609319B (en) | The double-cropped leisure implantation methods of Wheat in North China, corn | |
| CN101194567B (en) | Method for improving production volume and quality of alfalfa seed | |
| CN105027940A (en) | Forage grass planting method for rocky desert area and use method thereof | |
| CN105191654A (en) | Intercropping cultivation method of corn and rice beans | |
| CN103155775B (en) | Cultivation method of organic broomcorn for making wine | |
| CN105210652B (en) | A kind of cultural method made between corn and mung bean | |
| CN101675724A (en) | Seed reproduction and high-yield cultivation technical specification of onion | |
| CN113892409A (en) | High-yield cultivation method of cyperus esculentus suitable for sandy loam in arid region | |
| CN103733828A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for Chinese wildrye | |
| CN106941907A (en) | The method that full film double-furrow broadcasts corn regrowth hair zero tillage winter rape | |
| CN108782091A (en) | Method for improving seed reproduction yield of asparagus bean in south China | |
| CN108112430A (en) | A kind of high latitude is trembled with fear the implantation methods of area tall oat grass | |
| CN108337954A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area tall oat grass of high latitude | |
| CN107041224B (en) | Composite planting method for planting water spinach and towel gourd in rice field | |
| CN102884925B (en) | Growing method for multiply sowing double-cropping alfalfa and rape in wheat field | |
| CN101233805A (en) | Production method of blue-stem wheatgrass seeds | |
| CN104381004A (en) | Method for inter-relay cropping of wheat, spinaches, peas and autumn beans | |
| CN110583376A (en) | Method for breeding glumae grass original species, method for breeding improved species and method for cultivating and breeding | |
| CN114532166A (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of root-type chicory suitable for Qinghai region | |
| CN110384024B (en) | Method for cultivating forage maize | |
| CN110558191B (en) | Method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacle through combined green pressing of rape and onion | |
| CN113854088A (en) | Saline-alkali soil leguminous forage grass/sunflower interplanting method | |
| CN112535082A (en) | Open field vegetable interplanting cultivation method | |
| CN101194568A (en) | Management method for new ryegrass crop residue | |
| CN85105156B (en) | Method of cultivation without ploughing by using roots or stubble of chinese trumpet creeper |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20191220 |