CN111466288A - Planting method of selenium-rich cabbage - Google Patents
Planting method of selenium-rich cabbage Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of selenium-rich cabbage, which adopts a soilless culture technology and utilizes turfy soil: vermiculite: sheep manure 4:1:1 preparing a seedling substrate, sowing seeds into the seedling substrate, and then transplanting the surviving seedlings to a seedling substrate containing corn stalks: vermiculite: the cultivation bag of the planting substrate and the base fertilizer prepared from the mushroom residues in a ratio of 3:3:4 supplies mixed liquid fertilizer and selenium nutrient solution to the cabbage during the growth period to provide nutrient substances required by plants, so that the high-quality and pollution-free selenium-rich cabbage is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a planting method of selenium-rich cabbage.
Background
Cabbage, the scientific name common head cabbage, a common vegetable. About 90% of the ingredients are water, rich in vitamin C, ranked third among the best foods recommended by the world health organization. Cabbage (cabbage), also called cabbage, also called broccoli, also called cabbage, white lotus, white cabbage, kohlrabi, among others in the Guangxi province.
The raw cabbage is rich in vitamin C, vitamin B6, folic acid and potassium, and the cooked cabbage is also rich in vitamin C, potassium and folic acid. Three nutrients, 20 kcal of calories, 1.5 g of protein, 0.2 g of fat, 3.4 g of carbohydrate, no cholesterol and 0.5g of dietary fiber. Nutrition scientists indicate that the cabbage has the best dietary therapy and health care effects when eaten raw. We can cold mix cabbage, and make salad or juice. If the food is cooked, it is not suitable to be heated for a long time to avoid the effective components in the food from being damaged.
The cabbage is neutral in nature and sweet in taste, and enters spleen and stomach meridians; has effects in tonifying bone marrow, moistening viscera, benefiting heart force, strengthening bones and muscles, benefiting viscera, eliminating stagnation of qi, clearing away heat, and relieving pain; can be used for treating sleep disorder, dreaminess, deafness, difficulty in flexion and extension of joint, and gastralgia.
Chinese patent "a method for planting high-yield cabbage" (patent application No. CN201611017487.X) discloses a method for planting cabbage, which comprises seed treatment, strong seedling cultivation, land preparation and field planting. The method treats the seeds before seedling culture, improves the yield by 62.6 percent, and reduces the incidence rate of black rot to 0.01 percent. However, the method needs a large amount of fertilizer and is greatly influenced by the soil environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a planting method of selenium-rich cabbage, which utilizes a soilless culture method of inorganic matrix and nutrient solution to effectively solve the natural obstruction of traditional soil culture to cabbage planting.
The invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a planting method of selenium-rich cabbage comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment, namely soaking the seeds in 0.3 percent sodium phosphate for 10min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, then drying the seeds in the air, soaking the seeds in 1000 times of formalin for 30 to 60min, cleaning the seeds, soaking the seeds in normal-temperature water for 2 to 5h, and then soaking the seeds in 0.5 g/L gibberellin for 2 to 5 h;
(2) accelerating germination and raising seedling: wrapping the treated seeds with a wet gauze, accelerating germination for 15-20h at 20-30 ℃, sowing the seeds after germination into a plug tray filled with a seedling substrate for seedling, and wetting the seedling substrate with a nutrient solution for 1 time every day after 1 day of hole punching;
(3) transplanting seedlings: transplanting seedlings to a cultivation bag for field planting when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, wherein the volume ratio of a matrix for planting to a base fertilizer for planting in the cultivation bag is 1.5-3:1, wetting the matrix with clear water after field planting, adopting a drop arrow type drip irrigation system, inserting a lower head for every two plants, spraying water once every 4-6d, culturing with a planting nutrient solution after 20d of transplanting until blooming, and culturing with a selenium-added nutrient solution after blooming;
(4) and (3) fertilizer and water management: drip irrigation with 0.4-0.6% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.4% of sodium selenite and 0.2-0.4% of urea mixed liquid fertilizer every 5-8 days after survival;
(5) planting management: wetting the substrate once every 20-25 days by using selenium-added nutrient solution;
(6) and (3) pest control: when the larva appears, spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution;
(7) harvesting: harvesting after the leaf ball is compact.
The seedling raising substrate in the step (2) is turfy soil: vermiculite: sheep manure 4:1: 1.
the nutrient solution in the step (2) comprises 378-567 mg/L of calcium nitrate, 242.8-364.2 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 46-69 mg/L of ammonium phosphate, 194.2-295.8 mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 46-144mg/l of sodium selenate.
The base fertilizer in the step (3) is as follows: 40-50 parts of urea, 16-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 160 parts of calcium superphosphate 140-doped calcium, 4-6 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, 20-25 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of ethylene, 5-7 parts of bentonite and 15-17 parts of starch; the planting substrate is corn stalks: vermiculite: the mushroom residue is 3:3: 4.
The selenium-added nutrient solution in the step (5) is as follows: 4-5 parts of sodium selenite, 24-28 parts of diatomite, 10-12 parts of a soil conditioner, 1-2 parts of chlorinated paraffin, 9-12 parts of urea, 20-24 parts of weathered coal, 9-11 parts of humic acid and 3-4 parts of propylene glycol.
The soil conditioner is as follows: 12-15 parts of vermiculite powder, 20-25 parts of attapulgite, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium selenite, 2-3 parts of manganese sulfate, 4-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.4-0.5 part of nanocarbon, 10-12 parts of clay, 2-3 parts of hydrated lime, 3-4 parts of wintergreen oil, 2-3 parts of boric acid, 4-5 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1-2 parts of silane coupling agent KH550, 1-2 parts of corundum powder and 4-5 parts of calcium carbonate powder.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and nanocarbon, adding wintergreen oil, uniformly stirring, then adding the rest components except the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, uniformly mixing to form a paste, finally adding the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, stirring, granulating and drying to obtain the product.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a planting method of selenium-rich cabbage, which adopts a soilless culture mode of carrying out systematic management culture conditions on the cabbage by adopting a soilless culture technology, replaces the traditional soil environment by artificially creating root system environment of the cabbage, can avoid loss and leakage of nutrient and water, and is fully absorbed and utilized by crops. The soilless culture crops not only have high yield, but also have good product quality, cleanness, freshness and no public nuisance.
The drip irrigation fertilization accurate fertilization method adopted by the invention obviously improves the fertilizer utilization rate, the crop growth speed is high, and the fruiting period can be advanced or early harvest can be realized. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the fertilizer can be saved, the fertilization time and the fertilization quantity can be flexibly, conveniently and accurately controlled, and the standardized cultivation can be favorably realized.
According to the invention, the cabbage self converts inorganic selenium into organic selenium by supplementing the selenium-added nutrient solution during the growth period, so that the cabbage product is rich in trace element selenium which is easy to absorb and utilize by a human body.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment, namely soaking the seeds in 0.3 percent sodium phosphate for 10min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, then drying the seeds in the air, soaking the seeds in 1000 times of formalin for 45min, cleaning the seeds, soaking the seeds in normal-temperature water for 3.5h, and then soaking the seeds in 0.5 g/L gibberellin for 3.5 h;
(2) accelerating germination and raising seedling: wrapping the treated seeds with moist gauze, accelerating germination for 17.5h at 25 ℃, sowing the seeds after germination into a plug tray filled with a seedling substrate for seedling, and wetting the seedling substrate with nutrient solution for 1 time every day after 1 day of hole punching;
(3) transplanting seedlings: transplanting seedlings to a cultivation bag for field planting when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, wherein the volume ratio of a matrix for planting to a base fertilizer for planting in the cultivation bag is 2.25:1, wetting the matrix with clear water after field planting, adopting a drop arrow type drip irrigation system, inserting a lower head for every two plants, spraying water once every 5 days, culturing with a planting nutrient solution after 20 days of transplanting until blooming, and culturing with a selenium-added nutrient solution after blooming;
(4) and (3) fertilizer and water management: after survival, drip irrigation is carried out on every 6.5d of leaf surface, wherein 0.5% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.3% of sodium selenite and 0.3% of urea mixed liquid fertilizer are added;
(5) planting management: wetting the substrate once every 22.5 days by selenium-added nutrient solution;
(6) and (3) pest control: when the larva appears, spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution;
(7) harvesting: harvesting after the leaf ball is compact.
In the planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage, the seedling substrate in the step (2) is peat soil, vermiculite and sheep manure in a ratio of 4:1: 1.
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage comprises the step (2) of using nutrient solution comprising 472.5 mg/L mg of calcium nitrate, 303.5 mg/L mg of potassium nitrate, 52.5 mg/L mg of ammonium phosphate, 245 mg/L mg of magnesium sulfate and 95 mg/L mg of sodium selenate.
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage comprises the following steps of (3) preparing base fertilizers: 45 parts of urea, 18 parts of potassium sulfate, 150 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of microbial agent, 22.5 parts of citric acid, 4 parts of ethylene, 6 parts of bentonite and 16 parts of starch; the planting substrate is corn stalk, vermiculite and mushroom residue in a ratio of 3:3: 4.
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage in the embodiment comprises the following steps of (5): 4.5 parts of sodium selenite, 26 parts of diatomite, 11 parts of a soil conditioner, 1.5 parts of chlorinated paraffin, 10.5 parts of urea, 22 parts of weathered coal, 10 parts of humic acid and 3.5 parts of propylene glycol.
The soil conditioner comprises the following components: 13.5 parts of vermiculite powder, 22.5 parts of attapulgite, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of sodium selenite, 2.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 4.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.45 part of nanocarbon, 11 parts of clay, 2.5 parts of hydrated lime, 3.5 parts of wintergreen oil, 2.5 parts of boric acid, 4.5 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.5 parts of silane coupling agent KH550, 1.5 parts of corundum powder and 4.5 parts of calcium carbonate powder.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and nanocarbon, adding wintergreen oil, uniformly stirring, then adding the rest components except the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, uniformly mixing to form a paste, finally adding the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, stirring, granulating and drying to obtain the product.
Example 2
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment, namely soaking the seeds in 0.3 percent sodium phosphate for 10min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, then drying the seeds in the air, soaking the seeds in 1000 times of formalin for 30min, cleaning the seeds, soaking the seeds in normal-temperature water for 2 to 5h, and then soaking the seeds in 0.5 g/L gibberellin for 2 h;
(2) accelerating germination and raising seedling: wrapping the treated seeds with moist gauze, accelerating germination for 15h at 20 ℃, sowing the seeds after germination into a plug tray filled with a seedling substrate for seedling, and wetting the seedling substrate with nutrient solution for 1 time every day after 1 day of hole punching;
(3) transplanting seedlings: transplanting seedlings to a cultivation bag for field planting when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, wherein the volume ratio of a matrix for planting to a base fertilizer for planting in the cultivation bag is 3:1, wetting the matrix with clear water after field planting, inserting a drop arrow type drip irrigation system for every two plants, spraying water every 4d, culturing with a planting nutrient solution after 20d of transplanting until blooming, and culturing with a selenium-added nutrient solution after blooming;
(4) and (3) fertilizer and water management: after survival, drip irrigation is carried out on every 5d of leaf surface, wherein 0.4% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% of sodium selenite and 0.2% of urea mixed liquid fertilizer are added;
(5) planting management: wetting the substrate once every 20 days by adding selenium nutrient solution;
(6) and (3) pest control: when the larva appears, spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution;
(7) harvesting: harvesting after the leaf ball is compact.
In the planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage, the seedling substrate in the step (2) is peat soil, vermiculite and sheep manure in a ratio of 4:1: 1.
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage comprises the step (2) of using nutrient solution containing 378 mg/L mg of calcium nitrate, 242.8 mg/L mg of potassium nitrate, 46 mg/L mg of ammonium phosphate, 194.2 mg/L mg of magnesium sulfate and 46 mg/L mg of sodium selenate.
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage comprises the following steps of (3) preparing base fertilizers: 40 parts of urea, 16 parts of potassium sulfate, 140 parts of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of a microbial agent, 20 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of ethylene, 5 parts of bentonite and 15 parts of starch; the planting substrate is corn stalk, vermiculite and mushroom residue in a ratio of 3:3: 4.
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage in the embodiment comprises the following steps of (5): 4 parts of sodium selenite, 24 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of a soil conditioner, 1 part of chlorinated paraffin, 9 parts of urea, 20 parts of weathered coal, 9 parts of humic acid and 3 parts of propylene glycol.
The soil conditioner comprises the following components: 12 parts of vermiculite powder, 20 parts of attapulgite, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of sodium selenite, 2 parts of manganese sulfate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.4 part of nanocarbon, 10 parts of clay, 2 parts of hydrated lime, 3 parts of wintergreen oil, 2 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1 part of silane coupling agent KH550, 1 part of corundum powder and 4 parts of calcium carbonate powder.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and nanocarbon, adding wintergreen oil, uniformly stirring, then adding the rest components except the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, uniformly mixing to form a paste, finally adding the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, stirring, granulating and drying to obtain the product.
Example 3
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment, namely soaking the seeds in 0.3 percent sodium phosphate for 10min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, then drying the seeds in the air, soaking the seeds in 1000 times of formalin for 60min, cleaning the seeds, soaking the seeds in normal-temperature water for 5h, and then soaking the seeds in 0.5 g/L gibberellin for 5 h;
(2) accelerating germination and raising seedling: wrapping the treated seeds with moist gauze, accelerating germination for 20h at 30 ℃, sowing the seeds after germination into a plug tray filled with a seedling substrate for seedling, and wetting the seedling substrate with nutrient solution for 1 time every day after 1 day of hole punching;
(3) transplanting seedlings: transplanting seedlings to a cultivation bag for field planting when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, wherein the volume ratio of a matrix for planting to a base fertilizer for planting in the cultivation bag is 1.5:1, wetting the matrix with clear water after field planting, adopting a drop arrow type drip irrigation system, inserting a lower head for every two plants, spraying water once every 6d, culturing with a planting nutrient solution after 20d of transplanting until blooming, and culturing with a selenium-added nutrient solution after blooming;
(4) and (3) fertilizer and water management: after survival, drip irrigation is carried out on every 8d of leaf surface, wherein 0.6% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.4% of sodium selenite and 0.4% of urea mixed liquid fertilizer are added;
(5) planting management: wetting the substrate once every 25 days by adding selenium nutrient solution;
(6) and (3) pest control: when the larva appears, spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution;
(7) harvesting: harvesting after the leaf ball is compact.
In the planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage, the seedling substrate in the step (2) is peat soil, vermiculite and sheep manure in a ratio of 4:1: 1.
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage comprises the step (2) of using nutrient solution containing 567 mg/L calcium nitrate, 364.2 mg/L potassium nitrate, 69 mg/L ammonium phosphate, 295.8 mg/L magnesium sulfate and 144mg/L sodium selenate.
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage comprises the following steps of (3) preparing base fertilizers: 50 parts of urea, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 160 parts of calcium superphosphate, 6 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of a microbial agent, 25 parts of citric acid, 5 parts of ethylene, 7 parts of bentonite and 17 parts of starch; the planting substrate is corn stalk, vermiculite and mushroom residue in a ratio of 3:3: 4.
The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage in the embodiment comprises the following steps of (5): 5 parts of sodium selenite, 28 parts of diatomite, 12 parts of a soil conditioner, 2 parts of chlorinated paraffin, 12 parts of urea, 24 parts of weathered coal, 11 parts of humic acid and 4 parts of propylene glycol.
The soil conditioner comprises the following components: 15 parts of vermiculite powder, 25 parts of attapulgite, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 part of nanocarbon, 12 parts of clay, 3 parts of hydrated lime, 4 parts of wintergreen oil, 3 parts of boric acid, 5 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2 parts of silane coupling agent KH550, 2 parts of corundum powder and 5 parts of calcium carbonate powder.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and nanocarbon, adding wintergreen oil, uniformly stirring, then adding the rest components except the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, uniformly mixing to form a paste, finally adding the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, stirring, granulating and drying to obtain the product.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the planting process of seeding, seedling raising and the like adopts the traditional soil cultivation.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the general irrigation technology is used in the water and fertilizer management, and the drip irrigation method is not the precise fertilization method.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the soil conditioner in the base fertilizer does not include sodium selenite. Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that no sodium selenite was applied after colonization.
Comparative example 5
The difference with example 1 is that the nutrient solution used to moisten the substrate does not comprise sodium selenite. Comparative example 6
The difference from the examples is that sodium selenite is not applied during the whole planting process.
Effect verification
Selecting environment conditions of loose fertility, water and fertilizer retention, good irrigation and drainage conditions, better slightly acidic loam and pH value of 5.5-7 to plant cabbage according to comparative example 1; then, the same cabbage is planted according to the eight methods of the above examples 1-3 and comparative examples 2-6, and the planting effect is shown in the following table:
the above table shows that the three results obtained in the embodiments 1 to 3 have no great difference, the cabbage is planted by the method, the selenium content and other nutritional ingredients of the cabbage are improved, the selenium fertilizer can effectively improve the absorption of the vegetable on elements in the fertilizer, the photosynthesis is improved, beneficial organic matters and mineral substances are generated, and the planting effect is good; the examples are superior to the comparative examples in the physicochemical properties of carbohydrates, vitamin C, proteins and the like, which shows that the addition process of the selenium-containing fertilizer is closely related to the amount and the steps of each component; comparative example 6 compares with 3, 4 and 5, because comparative examples 3, 4 and 5 are all processes of applying selenium-containing fertilizers, the composition quality is better than that of comparative example 1 without adding any selenium element fertilizer; compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 2 has different yield and quality effects, which shows that the drip irrigation fertilization precise fertilization method adopted by the embodiment obviously improves the fertilizer utilization rate, the crop growth speed is high, and the crop can enter the harvesting period in advance; compared with the example 1, in the example 1, the root system environment of the cabbage artificially created is used to replace the traditional soil environment, so that the loss and leakage of nutrient moisture can be avoided, the nutrient moisture can be fully absorbed and utilized by crops, and as a result, the cabbage has high yield, good quality and no fertilizer residue.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) seed treatment, namely soaking the seeds in 0.3 percent sodium phosphate for 10min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, then drying the seeds in the air, soaking the seeds in 1000 times of formalin for 30 to 60min, cleaning the seeds, soaking the seeds in normal-temperature water for 2 to 5h, and then soaking the seeds in 0.5 g/L gibberellin for 2 to 5 h;
(2) accelerating germination and raising seedling: wrapping the treated seeds with a wet gauze, accelerating germination for 15-20h at 20-30 ℃, sowing the seeds after germination into a plug tray filled with a seedling substrate for seedling, and wetting the seedling substrate with a nutrient solution for 1 time every day after 1 day of hole punching;
(3) transplanting seedlings: transplanting seedlings to a cultivation bag for field planting when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, wherein the volume ratio of a matrix for planting to a base fertilizer for planting in the cultivation bag is 1.5-3:1, wetting the matrix with clear water after field planting, adopting a drop arrow type drip irrigation system, inserting a lower head for every two plants, spraying water once every 4-6d, culturing with a planting nutrient solution after 20d of transplanting until blooming, and culturing with a selenium-added nutrient solution after blooming;
(4) and (3) fertilizer and water management: drip irrigation with 0.4-0.6% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2-0.4% of sodium selenite and 0.2-0.4% of urea mixed liquid fertilizer every 5-8 days after survival;
(5) planting management: wetting the substrate once every 20-25 days by using selenium-added nutrient solution;
(6) and (3) pest control: when the larva appears, spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil solution;
(7) harvesting: harvesting after the leaf balls are compacted;
the base fertilizer in the step (3) is as follows: 40-50 parts of urea, 16-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 160 parts of calcium superphosphate 140-doped calcium, 4-6 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, 20-25 parts of citric acid, 3-5 parts of ethylene, 5-7 parts of bentonite and 15-17 parts of starch; the planting substrate is corn stalks: vermiculite: mushroom residue is 3:3: 4;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and nanocarbon, adding wintergreen oil, uniformly stirring, then adding the rest components except the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, uniformly mixing to form a paste, finally adding the silane coupling agent KH550 and the calcium carbonate powder, stirring, granulating and drying to obtain the product.
2. The planting method of the selenium-rich cabbage in the step (2) is characterized in that the seedling raising substrate is turfy soil: vermiculite: sheep manure 4:1: 1.
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| CN111466289A (en) | 2020-07-31 |
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| CN107593408A (en) | 2018-01-19 |
| CN111466287A (en) | 2020-07-31 |
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