CN112790083A - High-yield cultivation method for peanuts in northeast China - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for peanuts in northeast China Download PDFInfo
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- CN112790083A CN112790083A CN202110084759.2A CN202110084759A CN112790083A CN 112790083 A CN112790083 A CN 112790083A CN 202110084759 A CN202110084759 A CN 202110084759A CN 112790083 A CN112790083 A CN 112790083A
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- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title claims abstract 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 33
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 33
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 18
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195730 Aflatoxin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- XWIYFDMXXLINPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aflatoxin G Chemical compound O=C1OCCC2=C1C(=O)OC1=C2C(OC)=CC2=C1C1C=COC1O2 XWIYFDMXXLINPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005409 aflatoxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield peanut cultivation method in northeast regions, and belongs to the technical field of high-yield peanut cultivation. According to the method, a large-ridge double-row cultivation mode is adopted in northeast regions for peanut planting, black mulching films are adopted for mulching in the planting process, and microbial fertilizer additives are added during fertilization; the planting method obviously improves the peanut yield, can realize high-yield cultivation of peanuts in northeast regions, and has higher economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peanut high-yield cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-yield cultivation method for peanuts in northeast China.
Background
Peanuts play an important role in world grain and oil food, and in recent years, with the adjustment of national planting structures, the peanut seeding area develops rapidly. The peanut sowing area in the whole country in 2019 is 465 million hectares, and the total peanut yield reaches 1752 million tons. Aflatoxin pollution seriously threatens the production and consumption safety of peanuts and is the most main risk factor to be solved in peanut export. Peanuts produced in northeast producing areas (Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, inner Mongolia and the like) are famous for no or little aflatoxin pollution, are popular among domestic and foreign peanut enterprises, and are high-quality small peanut export bases in China, so that the willingness of farmers for planting peanuts is continuously improved, and the peanut sowing area tends to increase year by year. In 1978, the planting area of peanuts in the northeast region is only 4.43 million hectares, and the planting area is expanded to more than 50.7 million hectares in 2017 (the statistics of the national statistical office of the people's republic of China), which accounts for 10.7% of the sowing area of the whole country. The traditional peanut planting in northeast producing areas mainly takes pearl bean type or multi-grain type, from 2000 years, big peanuts also begin to be popularized in the northeast, and the average yield per unit is 2827kg/hm2Compared with the unit yield of China, the yield is 830kg/hm2. The northeast peanut producing area is influenced by natural conditions, and the yield per unit level also has a large lifting space.
The planting management of peanuts in the northeast producing area lacks a unified standard, so that the yield of the peanuts in the northeast producing area is unstable, and sometimes the yield is high and sometimes the yield is low. The growth period of peanuts planted in a plurality of places is not proper, and rotten seeds appear during sowing; the phenomenon of freeze injury occurs during harvesting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-yield peanut cultivation method suitable for northeast regions, so that the yield of peanuts in the northeast regions is improved, the income of farmers is increased, and the economic benefit is higher.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-yield cultivation method for peanuts in northeast regions is characterized in that a large-ridge double-row mulching cultivation mode is adopted; microbial fertilizer additives are added along with the base fertilizer during the planting process; the using amount of the microbial fertilizer auxiliary agent is 7.5kg/666.7m2。
On the basis of the scheme, the mulching film adopted for planting is a black mulching film.
On the basis of the scheme, the cultivation mode of the large-ridge double-row mulching film is as follows: ridge spacing of 80cm, ridge surface width of 55 cm-60 cm, ridge height of 10-12cm, hole spacing of 16cm, each 667m2Sowing the seeds in 10000 holes, 2 granules in each hole.
On the basis of the scheme, the microbial fertilizer auxiliary agent is a new warming soil conditioner which is purchased from Kehui biotechnology limited in Qingdao.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
the invention relates to a peanut high-yield cultivation method in northeast region, which adopts a large-ridge double-row mulching film planting mode, adopts a black mulching film (the thickness meets the national standard), and adds a microbial fertilizer auxiliary agent (the using amount of the microbial auxiliary agent is 7.5kg/666.7 m) along with fertilizer application in the planting process2) And other management modes of the peanut growth process are consistent with those of peanuts in northeast producing areas. The planting method obviously improves the peanut yield, can realize high-yield cultivation of peanuts in northeast regions, and has higher economic benefit.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
The planting method provided by the embodiment of the invention is carried out in a peanut breeding test field in sand of the Fuxin national agricultural science and technology park. The test land is as follows: the soil is loam, has viscosity, good irrigation and drainage conditions (and sprinkling irrigation conditions), and good fertility for previous crop corn.
The tested varieties of ginseng are flower culture No. 33 (cultivated by peanut institute in Shandong province) and Fuhua No. 12 (cultivated by Fengsha improvement utilization institute in Liaoning province), seeding is completed in ten days of 5 months, and harvesting is completed before 25 days of 9 months.
The microbial fertilizer adjuvant applied in the examples is a new soil conditioner purchased from celadon, kohlui biotechnology limited.
The cultivation method is characterized in that 6 cultivation modes are adopted, each mode is provided with 3 ridges, and the cultivation is repeated for 3 times, specifically as in examples 1-6.
Example 1
(1) Soil preparation
Ploughing soil in autumn, leveling with a rake in the top of early spring, and ploughing to a depth of about 25 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application
Reasonably applying the fertilizer according to NY 525 and NY/T496; wherein the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 2000 kg-3000 kg/667m2(ii) a In addition, the fertilizer is 4.0 kg-5.0 kg/667m nitrogen (N)2Phosphorus (P)2O5)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m2Potassium (K)2O)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m25.0 kg-6.0 kg of calcium (CaO) per 667m2The amount applied; and the microbial fertilizer auxiliary agent is applied together with the base fertilizer; the microbial fertilizer additive is used in an amount of 7.5kg/666.7m2。
(3) Seed treatment
And (3) selecting uniform, full and normal-color seeds, and ensuring that the seed quality meets the requirements of peanut field seeds in GB 4407.2. Seed coating agent compounded by bactericide and insecticide is selected to coat the peanut seeds, and the selection of the seed coating agent meets the requirements of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276.
(4) Planting mode
Large-ridge double-row planting: cell area 12m2.3 ridges with ridge distance of 85cm, ridge height of 10-12cm, ridge surface width of 55-60 cm, ridge length of 5m, 2 rows of seeds on the ridges with hole distance of 16cm according to 10000 holes/667 m2Sowing is carried out, 2 grains are planted in each hole.
(5) Cultivation mode
Film mulching cultivation: the black mulching film with the width of 90-95 cm, the thickness of 0.01mm and good ductility is selected, and the quality meets the requirement of GB 13735.
(6) Management of field
Checking and pressing the membrane: the film is often checked for breakage or ventilation, and if breakage or ventilation is found, soil is timely used for pressing and plugging. And timely checking and guiding seedlings after film mulching cultivation seedling emergence.
Water content management: irrigation should be carried out in time in the flowering and fruiting period if drought is sustained; in the full fruit and mature period, if continuous drought occurs, the situation that the water is slightly watered at high temperature in noon in small water is avoided in time, and if the water is accumulated in the field, the water is drained in time to reduce the water stain is avoided.
Topdressing: after flowering, combining with intertillage hilling according to the ratio of 10.0 kg-20.0 kg/667m2Applying 7.0 kg-10.0 kg/667m of ammonium sulfate or urea2。
And (3) pest control: according to the occurrence condition of the diseases, the conventional control is carried out on leaf diseases, soil-borne diseases and insect pests.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: in the flowering and fruiting period, the pod bearing period and the full fruit ripening period, 40 kg-45 kg/667m2Spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on the leaf surface.
Chemical regulation and control: the height of the plants reaches 30-35 cm before ridge sealing and the plants have a spindling trend, and the plant growth regulator is sprayed on the tops of the plants for 1-2 times in time.
(7) Harvesting
When more than 70% of the pod shells are hardened, the reticulate patterns are clear, and the inner walls of the shells are brownish-blue color spots, the fruit can be harvested.
Example 2
(1) Soil preparation
Ploughing soil in autumn, leveling with a rake in the top of early spring, and ploughing to a depth of about 25 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application
Reasonably applying the fertilizer according to NY 525 and NY/T496 regulationsFeeding; wherein the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 2000 kg-3000 kg/667m2(ii) a In addition, the fertilizer is 4.0 kg-5.0 kg/667m nitrogen (N)2Phosphorus (P)2O5)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m2Potassium (K)2O)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m25.0 kg-6.0 kg of calcium (CaO) per 667m2The amount applied; and the microbial fertilizer auxiliary agent is applied together with the base fertilizer; the microbial fertilizer additive is used in an amount of 7.5kg/666.7m2。
(3) Seed treatment
And (3) selecting uniform, full and normal-color seeds, and ensuring that the seed quality meets the requirements of peanut field seeds in GB 4407.2. Seed coating agent compounded by bactericide and insecticide is selected to coat the peanut seeds, and the selection of the seed coating agent meets the requirements of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276.
(4) Planting mode
Large-ridge double-row planting: cell area 12m2.3 ridges with ridge distance of 85cm, ridge height of 10-12cm, ridge surface width of 55-60 cm, ridge length of 5m, 2 rows of seeds on the ridges with hole distance of 16cm according to 10000 holes/667 m2Sowing is carried out, 2 grains are planted in each hole.
(5) Cultivation mode
Film mulching cultivation: the white mulching film with the width of 90-95 cm, the thickness of 0.01mm and good ductility is selected, and the quality meets the requirement of GB 13735.
(6) Management of field
Checking and pressing the membrane: the film is often checked for breakage or ventilation, and if breakage or ventilation is found, soil is timely used for pressing and plugging. And timely checking and guiding seedlings after film mulching cultivation seedling emergence.
Water content management: irrigation should be carried out in time in the flowering and fruiting period if drought is sustained; in the full fruit and mature period, if continuous drought occurs, the situation that the water is slightly watered at high temperature in noon in small water is avoided in time, and if the water is accumulated in the field, the water is drained in time to reduce the water stain is avoided.
Topdressing: after flowering, combining with intertillage hilling according to the ratio of 10.0 kg-20.0 kg/667m2Applying 7.0 kg-10.0 kg/667m of ammonium sulfate or urea2。
And (3) pest control: according to the occurrence condition of the diseases, the conventional control is carried out on leaf diseases, soil-borne diseases and insect pests.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: in the flowering and fruiting period, the pod bearing period and the full fruit ripening period, 40 kg-45 kg/667m2Spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on the leaf surface.
Chemical regulation and control: the height of the plants reaches 30-35 cm before ridge sealing and the plants have a spindling trend, and the plant growth regulator is sprayed on the tops of the plants for 1-2 times in time.
(7) Harvesting
When more than 70% of the pod shells are hardened, the reticulate patterns are clear, and the inner walls of the shells are brownish-blue color spots, the fruit can be harvested.
Example 3
(1) Soil preparation
Ploughing soil in autumn, leveling with a rake in the top of early spring, and ploughing to a depth of about 25 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application
Reasonably applying the fertilizer according to NY 525 and NY/T496; wherein the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 2000 kg-3000 kg/667m2(ii) a In addition, the fertilizer is 4.0 kg-5.0 kg/667m nitrogen (N)2Phosphorus (P)2O5)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m2Potassium (K)2O)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m25.0 kg-6.0 kg of calcium (CaO) per 667m2The amount to be applied.
(3) Seed treatment
And (3) selecting uniform, full and normal-color seeds, and ensuring that the seed quality meets the requirements of peanut field seeds in GB 4407.2. Seed coating agent compounded by bactericide and insecticide is selected to coat the peanut seeds, and the selection of the seed coating agent meets the requirements of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276.
(4) Planting mode
Large-ridge double-row planting: cell area 12m2.3 ridges with ridge distance of 85cm, ridge height of 10-12cm, ridge surface width of 55-60 cm, ridge length of 5m, 2 rows of seeds on the ridges with hole distance of 16cm according to 10000 holes/667 m2Sowing is carried out, 2 grains are planted in each hole.
(5) Cultivation mode
Film mulching cultivation: the white mulching film with the width of 90-95 cm, the thickness of 0.01mm and good ductility is selected, and the quality meets the requirement of GB 13735.
(6) Management of field
Checking and pressing the membrane: the film is often checked for breakage or ventilation, and if breakage or ventilation is found, soil is timely used for pressing and plugging. And timely checking and guiding seedlings after film mulching cultivation seedling emergence.
Water content management: irrigation should be carried out in time in the flowering and fruiting period if drought is sustained; in the full fruit and mature period, if continuous drought occurs, the situation that the water is slightly watered at high temperature in noon in small water is avoided in time, and if the water is accumulated in the field, the water is drained in time to reduce the water stain is avoided.
Topdressing: after flowering, combining with intertillage hilling according to the ratio of 10.0 kg-20.0 kg/667m2Applying 7.0 kg-10.0 kg/667m of ammonium sulfate or urea2。
And (3) pest control: according to the occurrence condition of the diseases, the conventional control is carried out on leaf diseases, soil-borne diseases and insect pests.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: in the flowering and fruiting period, the pod bearing period and the full fruit ripening period, 40 kg-45 kg/667m2Spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on the leaf surface.
Chemical regulation and control: the height of the plants reaches 30-35 cm before ridge sealing and the plants have a spindling trend, and the plant growth regulator is sprayed on the tops of the plants for 1-2 times in time.
(7) Harvesting
When more than 70% of the pod shells are hardened, the reticulate patterns are clear, and the inner walls of the shells are brownish-blue color spots, the fruit can be harvested.
Example 4
(1) Soil preparation
Ploughing soil in autumn, leveling with a rake in the top of early spring, and ploughing to a depth of about 25 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application
Reasonably applying the fertilizer according to NY 525 and NY/T496; wherein the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 2000 kg-3000 kg/667m2(ii) a In addition, the fertilizer is 4.0 kg-5.0 kg/667m nitrogen (N)2Phosphorus (P)2O5)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m2Potassium (K)2O)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m25.0 kg-6.0 kg of calcium (CaO) per 667m2The amount applied; and the microbial fertilizer auxiliary agent is applied together with the base fertilizer; the microorganism isThe fertilizer additive is used in an amount of 7.5kg/666.7m2。
(3) Seed treatment
And (3) selecting uniform, full and normal-color seeds, and ensuring that the seed quality meets the requirements of peanut field seeds in GB 4407.2. Seed coating agent compounded by bactericide and insecticide is selected to coat the peanut seeds, and the selection of the seed coating agent meets the requirements of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276.
(4) Planting mode
Large-ridge double-row planting: cell area 12m2.3 ridges with ridge distance of 85cm, ridge height of 10-12cm, ridge surface width of 55-60 cm, ridge length of 5m, 2 rows of seeds on the ridges with hole distance of 16cm according to 10000 holes/667 m2Sowing is carried out, 2 grains are planted in each hole.
(5) Cultivation mode
Cultivation in bare land: mechanical seeding, ditching, seeding, fertilizing, earthing and pressing are completed in one step, and no mulching film is covered.
(6) Management of field
Filling and guiding seedlings: after the seedlings are basically aligned in bare land cultivation, the seedlings are checked and reseeded in time;
water content management: irrigation should be carried out in time in the flowering and fruiting period if drought is sustained; in the full fruit and mature period, if continuous drought occurs, the situation that the water is slightly watered at high temperature in noon in small water is avoided in time, and if the water is accumulated in the field, the water is drained in time to reduce the water stain is avoided.
Topdressing: after flowering, combining with intertillage hilling according to the ratio of 10.0 kg-20.0 kg/667m2Applying 7.0 kg-10.0 kg/667m of ammonium sulfate or urea2。
And (3) pest control: according to the occurrence condition of the diseases, the conventional control is carried out on leaf diseases, soil-borne diseases and insect pests.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: in the flowering and fruiting period, the pod bearing period and the full fruit ripening period, 40 kg-45 kg/667m2Spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on the leaf surface.
Chemical regulation and control: the height of the plants reaches 30-35 cm before ridge sealing and the plants have a spindling trend, and the plant growth regulator is sprayed on the tops of the plants for 1-2 times in time.
(7) Harvesting
When more than 70% of the pod shells are hardened, the reticulate patterns are clear, and the inner walls of the shells are brownish-blue color spots, the fruit can be harvested.
Example 5
(1) Soil preparation
Ploughing soil in autumn, leveling with a rake in the top of early spring, and ploughing to a depth of about 25 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application
Reasonably applying the fertilizer according to NY 525 and NY/T496; wherein the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 2000 kg-3000 kg/667m2(ii) a In addition, the fertilizer is 4.0 kg-5.0 kg/667m nitrogen (N)2Phosphorus (P)2O5)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m2Potassium (K)2O)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m25.0 kg-6.0 kg of calcium (CaO) per 667m2The amount to be applied.
(3) Seed treatment
And (3) selecting uniform, full and normal-color seeds, and ensuring that the seed quality meets the requirements of peanut field seeds in GB 4407.2. Seed coating agent compounded by bactericide and insecticide is selected to coat the peanut seeds, and the selection of the seed coating agent meets the requirements of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276.
(4) Planting mode
Large-ridge double-row planting: cell area 12m2.3 ridges with ridge distance of 85cm, ridge height of 10-12cm, ridge surface width of 55-60 cm, ridge length of 5m, 2 rows of seeds on the ridges with hole distance of 16cm according to 10000 holes/667 m2Sowing is carried out, 2 grains are planted in each hole.
(5) Cultivation mode
Cultivation in bare land: mechanical seeding, ditching, seeding, fertilizing, earthing and pressing are completed in one step, and no mulching film is covered.
(6) Management of field
Filling and guiding seedlings: after the seedlings are basically aligned in bare land cultivation, the seedlings are checked and reseeded in time;
water content management: irrigation should be carried out in time in the flowering and fruiting period if drought is sustained; in the full fruit and mature period, if continuous drought occurs, the situation that the water is slightly watered at high temperature in noon in small water is avoided in time, and if the water is accumulated in the field, the water is drained in time to reduce the water stain is avoided.
Topdressing: after blooming, combining with intertillage and hilling according to10.0kg～20.0kg/667m2Applying 7.0 kg-10.0 kg/667m of ammonium sulfate or urea2。
And (3) pest control: according to the occurrence condition of the diseases, the conventional control is carried out on leaf diseases, soil-borne diseases and insect pests.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: in the flowering and fruiting period, the pod bearing period and the full fruit ripening period, 40 kg-45 kg/667m2Spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on the leaf surface.
Chemical regulation and control: the height of the plants reaches 30-35 cm before ridge sealing and the plants have a spindling trend, and the plant growth regulator is sprayed on the tops of the plants for 1-2 times in time.
(7) Harvesting
When more than 70% of the pod shells are hardened, the reticulate patterns are clear, and the inner walls of the shells are brownish-blue color spots, the fruit can be harvested.
Example 6
(1) Soil preparation
Ploughing soil in autumn, leveling with a rake in the top of early spring, and ploughing to a depth of about 25 cm;
(2) base fertilizer application
Reasonably applying the fertilizer according to NY 525 and NY/T496; wherein the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 2000 kg-3000 kg/667m2(ii) a In addition, the fertilizer is 4.0 kg-5.0 kg/667m nitrogen (N)2Phosphorus (P)2O5)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m2Potassium (K)2O)7.5kg～10.0kg/667m25.0 kg-6.0 kg of calcium (CaO) per 667m2The amount to be applied.
(3) Seed treatment
And (3) selecting uniform, full and normal-color seeds, and ensuring that the seed quality meets the requirements of peanut field seeds in GB 4407.2. Seed coating agent compounded by bactericide and insecticide is selected to coat the peanut seeds, and the selection of the seed coating agent meets the requirements of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276.
(4) Planting mode
Single-ridge single-row planting: cell area 9m2.3 ridges with ridge distance of 50cm, ridge height of 10 cm-12 cm, ridge length of 5m, 1 row of seeds on the ridges, and hole distance of 13.3cm, each 667m2About 10000 holes are sown, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole.
(5) Cultivation mode
Cultivation in bare land: mechanical seeding, ditching, seeding, fertilizing, earthing and pressing are completed in one step, and no mulching film is covered.
(6) Management of field
Filling and guiding seedlings: after the seedlings are basically aligned in bare land cultivation, the seedlings are checked and reseeded in time;
water content management: irrigation should be carried out in time in the flowering and fruiting period if drought is sustained; in the full fruit and mature period, if continuous drought occurs, the situation that the water is slightly watered at high temperature in noon in small water is avoided in time, and if the water is accumulated in the field, the water is drained in time to reduce the water stain is avoided.
Topdressing: after flowering, combining with intertillage hilling according to the ratio of 10.0 kg-20.0 kg/667m2Applying 7.0 kg-10.0 kg/667m of ammonium sulfate or urea2。
And (3) pest control: according to the occurrence condition of the diseases, the conventional control is carried out on leaf diseases, soil-borne diseases and insect pests.
And (3) fertilizing on leaf surfaces: in the flowering and fruiting period, the pod bearing period and the full fruit ripening period, 40 kg-45 kg/667m2Spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on the leaf surface.
Chemical regulation and control: the height of the plants reaches 30-35 cm before ridge sealing and the plants have a spindling trend, and the plant growth regulator is sprayed on the tops of the plants for 1-2 times in time.
(7) Harvesting
When more than 70% of the pod shells are hardened, the reticulate patterns are clear, and the inner walls of the shells are brownish-blue color spots, the fruit can be harvested.
After the peanuts planted by the methods described in examples 1-6 are harvested, the yield of different varieties of peanuts in each group is counted, and the results are shown in table 1:
yield comparison of flower culture No. 33 and Fuhua No. 22 in Table 16 cultivation modes
As can be seen from table 1, the yield of both peanut varieties is the highest by adopting the cultivation mode of the embodiment 1 of the invention, namely the cultivation mode of large ridges and double rows, covering black mulching films and adding microbial additives into fertilizers, so that the cultivation method of the embodiment 1 can obviously improve the yield of peanuts in northeast regions.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A high-yield cultivation method for peanuts in northeast regions is characterized in that a large-ridge double-row mulching cultivation mode is adopted; microbial fertilizer additives are added along with the base fertilizer during the planting process; the using amount of the microbial fertilizer auxiliary agent is 7.5kg/666.7m2。
2. The method for high-yield cultivation of peanuts in the northeast region of claim 1, wherein the mulching film adopted for planting is a black mulching film.
3. The high-yield cultivation method for peanuts in the northeast region of claim 1, wherein the cultivation mode of large-ridge double-row mulching is as follows: ridge spacing of 80cm, ridge surface width of 55 cm-60 cm, ridge height of 10-12cm, hole spacing of 16cm, each 667m2Sowing the seeds in 10000 holes, 2 granules in each hole.
4. The high-yield cultivation method of peanuts in the northeast region of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the microbial fertilizer auxiliary agent is a new soil conditioner which is purchased from Kuaihui Biotech, Inc. in Qingdao.
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| CN108911895A (en) * | 2018-09-16 | 2018-11-30 | 安徽乐农环保科技有限公司 | Thermophilic microorganism fertilizer auxiliary agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN109275536A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-29 | 吉林省农业科学院 | One cultural method for cultivating peanut full furrow overlay film wind erosion prevention collection drizzle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102283001A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2011-12-21 | 山东省花生研究所 | Quick peanut propagation method |
| CN103733855A (en) * | 2013-12-22 | 2014-04-23 | 黄翔 | High-yield Shanhua-15 peanut precise-cultivation method |
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