CN110278838B - Drip irrigation planting method for rotation of Hami melons and chives in sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents
Drip irrigation planting method for rotation of Hami melons and chives in sunlight greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN110278838B CN110278838B CN201910687277.9A CN201910687277A CN110278838B CN 110278838 B CN110278838 B CN 110278838B CN 201910687277 A CN201910687277 A CN 201910687277A CN 110278838 B CN110278838 B CN 110278838B
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a drip irrigation planting method for rotation of Hami melons and chives in a sunlight greenhouse, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation and planting of melons and vegetables. The planting method comprises the following steps: (1) planting Hami melons; (2) planting the chives, wherein the step (1) and the step (2) are planted by a drip irrigation cultivation method. The planting method of the invention can save water, medicine, fertilizer, labor, time and efficiency. Compared with the conventional planting method for the hami melons by ditch irrigation and leaf vegetable flood irrigation, the planting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the hami melons and the chives grow well, the plant diseases and insect pests are light, the yield is high, the quality is excellent, and the benefit is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of melon and vegetable cultivation and planting, in particular to a drip irrigation planting method for rotation of Hami melons and chives in a sunlight greenhouse.
Background
Hami melon belongs to cucurbitaceae, and a perennial trailing herbaceous plant has a long history in Turpan cultivation and unique photo-thermal resources, so that Turpan becomes a national pre-mature Hami melon dominant production area. The Hami melons in the sunlight greenhouse are cultivated in Turpan for many years, and the Hami melons in the sunlight greenhouse bring high economic income to farmers in early spring stubbles and late autumn. Due to the fact that the hami melons in the sunlight greenhouse are continuously planted for years, large ditches are irrigated, chemical fertilizers are applied again, organic fertilizers are applied less, soil-borne diseases are increasingly serious, especially bemisia tabaci gennadius occurs seriously in summer and autumn, the hami melons are favorite hosts of the bemisia tabaci gennadius, the quality of the hami melons in the sunlight greenhouse is reduced in autumn, the costs of pesticides, irrigation, labor and the like are increased, economic benefits are reduced, and planting area is reduced.
In order to overcome soil-borne diseases, reduce damage loss of insect pests and increase income of farmers, leaf vegetables such as hami melons and pakchoi, leaf vegetables such as leaf lettuce, spinach and garland chrysanthemum are adopted in Turpan areas for crop rotation, but leaf vegetables in sunlight greenhouses are planted in flood irrigation in autumn, so that economic benefit is not high, and even the unsalable leaf vegetables are turned deeply.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drip irrigation planting method for rotation of Hami melons and chives in a sunlight greenhouse, aiming at overcoming the soil-borne disease caused by continuous cropping of the Hami melons in the sunlight greenhouse and reducing the harm of tobacco whiteflies and flood irrigation in autumn, and rotation of the Hami melons and the chives in the sunlight greenhouse is adopted for drip irrigation planting.
The invention provides a drip irrigation planting method for rotation of Hami melons and shallots in a sunlight greenhouse, which comprises the following steps:
(3) planting Hami melons;
(4) planting the shallot in the soil, wherein the shallot is planted,
and (3) planting in the step (1) and the step (2) by using a drip irrigation cultivation method.
Hami melon, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, is a perennial herbaceous plant.
The chive belongs to Liliaceae, and is a biennial herb, which is fond of cool climate, strong in cold resistance and heat resistance, and can be planted all the year round.
Further, the step (1) includes the steps of:
uncovering the film and freezing the greenhouse: after harvesting the previous crops, cleaning the greenhouse, uncovering the front edge greenhouse film to 1m for fixing, opening a top air port of the greenhouse, performing no secondary heat preservation at night, and freezing the greenhouse for 15-20 d;
gradually raising the temperature: after the greenhouse is frozen, sealing the greenhouse film, and performing secondary heat preservation at night to improve the ground temperature;
land preparation and ridging: after fertilizing, rotary tillage is carried out uniformly to form ridges;
laying a drip irrigation film: 2 drip irrigation belts are laid on each ridge surface at the interval of 30cm, branch pipes are connected, mulching films are covered, the periphery of the mulching films are compacted, and the temperature is raised for sowing;
seedling and transplanting: intensive plug seedling, wherein the seedling age of the Hami melon is 30-35d, 3-4 leaves are cultivated, after low-temperature exercise for 5-7d, planting is carried out in the morning on a sunny day, and the plant spacing is 40-45 cm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the secondary heat preservation refers to the heat preservation of a sunlight greenhouse covered by a heat preservation material.
In some embodiments of the invention, said fertilizing is per 667m2Broadcasting and applying 200-300 kg of biological organic fertilizer or 6-8m of decomposed organic fertilizer325-30 kg of compound fertilizer and 5-8kg of biological bacterial fertilizer.
In some embodiments of the invention, step (2) further comprises the steps of:
and (3) water and fertilizer management: dripping water for planting 6-8m after planting35-7d of one-time seedling-recovering water for 5-6m3Squatting seedlings for 20-25 days; dripping 8-10m of water every 5-7 days from the time of the vine growing stage to the time before flowering33-5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer is dripped along with water, 3-5kg of biological bacterial fertilizer is dripped once at an interval of 3-4d with the water-soluble fertilizer; during the flowering and fruit setting period, water dripping or no water dripping is controlled, and during the expansion period, water is dripped for 8-10m every 5-7d3Dripping 6-8kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate fertilizer along with water, and dripping 5-8kg of secondary biological bacterial fertilizer at an interval of 3-4d with the water-soluble fertilizer; the reticulate pattern forming period is that 3-5m of water is dripped every 7-10 days3And stopping dripping 5-7 days before harvesting.
In some embodiments of the invention, further comprising a first pest control step comprising:
laying insect-proof nets before seedling transplantation: 60-mesh insect prevention nets are laid at the upper and lower air ports to prevent the spread of aphids and bemisia tabaci; and/or
Suspending yellow plates after seedling transplantation: hanging yellow plates 20-30cm above the Hami melons every other ridge at an interval of 1m, adjusting the heights of the yellow plates along with the growth of the Hami melons, and timely replacing the yellow plates after the Hami melons are fully soaked; and/or
Controlling pests selected from the group consisting of powdery mildew, downy mildew, blight, aphids, bemisia tabaci, with a medicament selected from the group consisting of carbendazim, imidacloprid, azadirachtin and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) at a suitable time.
In the invention, other management is also included, including but not limited to single vine pruning, vine hanging, ventilation, melon selection and melon fixing and picking.
Further, the step (2) comprises the steps of:
high-temperature greenhouse closing: after cleaning the greenhouse, every 667m2Spreading decomposed organic fertilizer 6-8m3Rotary tillage is carried out for 30-35 cm, soil preparation and ridge forming are carried out, irrigation is carried out by flood, mulching films or plastic films are used for covering after irrigation, the greenhouse is closed for 20-30 days, 5-10 days before planting, and mulching films are removed for airing;
and (3) land preparation and drip irrigation belt paving: after rotary tillage, laying burette belts with the distance of 30-40cm, and connecting the burette belts with the branch pipes;
bulb field planting: the row spacing is 15-20cm, the plant spacing is 8-10cm, each hole is provided with 3-4 bulbs, and the planting depth is 2-3 cm.
In some embodiments of the invention, after bulb colonization, further comprising the steps of:
and (3) water and fertilizer management: 6-8m of planting water3Dripping 3-4m of water every 7-10 days3(ii) a Dropping the fertilizer 2 times with water, each 667m2Applying 3-5kg of large-element water-soluble fertilizer (15-15-15), and dripping 5-8kg of secondary biological bacterial fertilizer at an interval of 3-4d with the water-soluble fertilizer.
In some embodiments of the invention, after bulb colonization, further comprising the steps of:
and (3) second pest control: the insect-proof net laid on the previous stubble is arranged, the height of the yellow board is adjusted, and the yellow board is replaced in time.
Still further, the second pest control includes a step of controlling a pest selected from the group consisting of downy mildew, thrips, aphids and beet armyworm using a drug selected from the group consisting of metalaxyl, imidacloprid, abamectin and matrine.
The invention has the advantages of
The difference is as follows: the rotation of drip irrigation under the film of the Hami melon and the scallion is adopted, so that the aims of overcoming continuous cropping obstacles, saving water, fertilizer, medicine and labor and increasing income are fulfilled.
Compared with the prior art, the rotation drip irrigation planting method for the Hami melons and the chives in the sunlight greenhouse, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages that drip irrigation cultivation is adopted for two seasons, the greenhouse is frozen at a low temperature, is sealed at a high temperature, and organic fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers, insect-proof nets and yellow boards are used, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the water, the pesticide, the fertilizer, the labor, the time and the efficiency are saved. Compared with the conventional method for planting the hami melons in ditches and the leaf vegetables in flood irrigation, the cultivation method has the advantages that the hami melons and the chives grow well, the plant diseases and insect pests are light, the plant disease rate is reduced from 30-60% to below 8%, the insect source base number is reduced, the number of heads of each plant of Bemisia tabaci is lower than 0.5, the yield is high, the quality is excellent, the benefit is high, the yield of each mu of the hami melons is increased by 100-fold medicines by 150kg, the yield of each mu of the chives is increased by 100-fold medicines by 120kg, and the irrigation amount of each mu is saved by 100-fold medicines by 150m3The labor cost is saved by 150-.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the effect of the drop irrigation cultivation of the hami melons.
Fig. 2 shows the drip irrigation cultivation effect of the chives.
FIG. 3 the acre yield before and after rotation of Hami melons.
FIG. 4 the acre yield before and after rotation of chives.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments.
Examples
The following examples are used herein to demonstrate preferred embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques discovered by the inventor to function in the invention, and thus can be considered to constitute preferred modes for its practice. Those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs and the disclosures and references cited herein and the materials to which they refer are incorporated by reference.
Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.
Examples
1 under-film drip irrigation cultivation method for Hami melons in sunlight greenhouse
Uncovering the film and freezing the greenhouse: after the upper crops are harvested, the greenhouse is cleaned from 12 months and 15 days to the next year and 1 month and 5 days, the front greenhouse film is uncovered to 1m and fixed, the top wind port of the greenhouse is opened, cotton quilts are not covered at night, and the greenhouse is frozen for 15-20 days.
Gradually raising the temperature: after the greenhouse is frozen, the greenhouse film is sealed, the cotton quilt is uncovered in the daytime, and the cotton quilt is covered at night, so that the ground temperature is increased.
Land preparation and ridging: each 667m2Broadcasting and applying 200-300 kg of biological organic fertilizer or 6-8m of decomposed organic fertilizer325-30 kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly carrying out rotary tillage and ridging, wherein the tillage depth is 30-35 cm, the row spacing is 70cm, the ridge width is 60cm, and the ridge height is 20-30 cm.
Laying a drip irrigation film: 2 drip irrigation belts are laid on each ridge surface at intervals of 30cm, branch pipes are connected, mulching films are covered, the periphery of the mulching films are compacted, and the temperature is raised for sowing.
Laying an insect-proof net: 60-mesh insect prevention nets are laid at the upper and lower air ports to prevent the spread of aphids and bemisia tabaci.
Seedling and transplanting: and 5-10 days at 1 month, performing intensive plug seedling, wherein the seedling age of the Hami melon is 30-35d, 3-4 leaves are grown, and after low-temperature exercise is performed for 5-7d, planting is performed in the morning at 5-15 days at 2 months, and the plant spacing is 40-45 cm.
Hanging a yellow plate: hanging yellow plates 20-30cm above the Hami melons every other ridge at an interval of 1m, adjusting the heights of the yellow plates along with the growth of the Hami melons, and timely replacing the yellow plates after the Hami melons are fully soaked.
The planting effect is shown in figure 1.
And (3) water and fertilizer management: dripping water for planting 6-8m after planting35-7d, dripping primary seedling-recovering water for 5-6m3, and squatting 20-25 d; dripping 8-10m of water every 5-7 days from the time of the vine growing stage to the time before flowering33-5kg of one-time dropping of biological bacterial fertilizer (the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 8 percent) at an interval of 3-4d with water dropping fertilizer (water-soluble compound fertilizer); during the flowering and fruit setting period, water dripping or no water dripping is controlled, and during the expansion period, water is dripped for 8-10m every 5-7d3Dripping 5-8kg of secondary biological bacterial fertilizer with 6-8kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate and 3-4d of water-soluble fertilizer at intervals, and dripping 3-5m of water at intervals of 7-10d in reticulate pattern forming period3And stopping dripping 5-7 days before harvesting.
And (3) pest control: the main diseases and pests include powdery mildew, downy mildew, blight, aphid, bemisia tabaci and the like, and the diseases and pests are timely prevented and controlled by carbendazim, imidacloprid, azadirachtin, bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and the like.
And (4) other management: pruning a single vine, hanging the vine, releasing wind, selecting and fixing the melons and picking.
Drip irrigation cultivation method for chives in sunlight greenhouse
High-temperature greenhouse closing: after cleaning the greenhouse, every 667m2Spreading decomposed organic fertilizer 6-8m3Rotary tillage is carried out for 30-35 cm, soil preparation and ridge forming are carried out, irrigation is carried out by flood, mulching films or plastic films are used for covering after irrigation, the greenhouse is closed for 20-30 days, 5-10 days before planting, and mulching films are taken off to dry in the shed.
And (3) land preparation and drip irrigation belt paving: after rotary tillage, drip tube belts are laid at an interval of 30-40cm in the east-west direction and connected with the branch tubes.
Bulb field planting: planting for 15 days in 9 months and 15-10 months, wherein the row spacing is 15-20cm, the plant spacing is 8-10cm, each hole is provided with 3-4 bulbs, and the planting depth is 2-3 cm.
The planting effect is shown in figure 2.
And (3) water and fertilizer management: dripping the fixed planting water for 6-8m3Dripping 3-4m of water every 7-10 days3(ii) a Dropping the fertilizer 2 times with water, each 667m2Applying 3-5kg of large-element water-soluble fertilizer (15-15-15), and dripping 5-8kg of secondary biological bacterial fertilizer at an interval of 3-4d with the water-soluble fertilizer.
And (3) pest control: the insect-proof net laid on the previous stubble is arranged, the height of the yellow board is adjusted, and the yellow board is replaced in time. The main diseases and pests include downy mildew, thrips, aphids, beet armyworm and the like, and the metalaxyl, imidacloprid, abamectin, matrine and the like are used for preventing and treating the diseases and pests at proper time.
Harvesting in batches at proper time.
Compared with the conventional planting method of the hami melons in ditches and the leaf vegetables in flood irrigation, the cultivation method has the advantages that the hami melons and the chives grow well, the plant diseases and insect pests are light, the disease rate is reduced from 30-60% to below 8%, the insect source base number is reduced, the number of heads of each plant of Bemisia tabaci is lower than 0.5, the yield is high (as shown in figure 1), the quality is high, and the benefit is high. The yield per mu of commercial Hami melons is 1800-3The labor cost is saved by 150-.
All documents referred to herein are incorporated by reference into this application as if each were individually incorporated by reference. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above teachings of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A drip irrigation planting method for rotation of Hami melons and chives in a sunlight greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planting Hami melons;
(2) planting the shallot in the soil, wherein the shallot is planted,
the step (1) and the step (2) both use a drip irrigation cultivation method for planting,
the step (1) of planting the Hami melons comprises the following steps:
and (3) water and fertilizer management: dripping water for planting 6-8m after planting35-7d of one-time seedling-recovering water for 5-6m3Squatting seedlings for 20-25 days; dripping 8-10m of water every 5-7 days from the time of the vine growing stage to the time before flowering33-5kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer along with water drops; 3-5kg of first biological bacterial fertilizer is dripped at an interval of 3-4d with the water-soluble fertilizer; in the flowering and fruit setting period, water is dripped or not dripped, and in the expansion period, water is dripped for 8-10m every 5-7 days36-8kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate fertilizer is added with water; 5-8kg of secondary biological bacterial fertilizer is dripped at an interval of 3-4d with the water-soluble fertilizer; the reticulate pattern forming period is that 3-5m of water is dripped every 7-10 days3Stopping dripping 5-7 days before harvesting,
the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
high-temperature greenhouse closing: after cleaning the greenhouse, every 667m2Spreading decomposed organic fertilizer 6-8m3Rotary tillage is carried out for 30-35 cm, soil preparation and ridge forming are carried out, irrigation is carried out by flood, mulching films or plastic films are used for covering after irrigation, the greenhouse is closed for 20-30 d, 5-10 d before field planting is carried out, and the mulching films are removed for airing;
and (3) land preparation and drip irrigation belt paving: after rotary tillage, laying drip irrigation tapes with the spacing of 30-40cm, and connecting the drip irrigation tapes with the branch pipes;
bulb field planting: the row spacing is 15-20cm, the plant spacing is 8-10cm, each hole is provided with 3-4 bulbs, and the planting depth is 2-3 cm;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: 6-8m of planting water3Dripping 3-4m of water every 7-10 days3(ii) a Dropping the fertilizer 2 times with water, each 667m2Applying 3-5kg of large-element water-soluble fertilizer (15-15-15), and dripping 5-8kg of biological bacterial fertilizer for 2 times at an interval of 3-4 days from the water-soluble fertilizer.
2. The growing method according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises the steps of:
uncovering the film and freezing the greenhouse: after harvesting the previous crops, cleaning the greenhouse, uncovering the front edge greenhouse film to 1m for fixing, opening a top air port of the greenhouse, performing no secondary heat preservation at night, and freezing the greenhouse for 15-20 d;
gradually raising the temperature: after the greenhouse is frozen, sealing the greenhouse film, and performing secondary heat preservation at night to improve the ground temperature;
land preparation and ridging: after fertilizing, rotary tillage is carried out uniformly to form ridges;
laying a drip irrigation film: 2 drip irrigation belts are laid on each ridge surface at the interval of 30cm, branch pipes are connected, mulching films are covered, the periphery of the mulching films are compacted, and the temperature is raised for sowing;
seedling and transplanting: intensive plug seedling, wherein the seedling age of the Hami melon is 30-35d, 3-4 leaves are cultivated, after low-temperature exercise for 5-7d, planting is carried out in the morning on a sunny day, and the plant spacing is 40-45 cm.
3. The planting method according to claim 2, wherein the secondary heat preservation is that a sunlight greenhouse is covered by a heat preservation material for heat preservation.
4. According to claim2, the planting method is characterized in that the fertilization refers to the fertilization of every 667m2Broadcasting and applying 200-300 kg of biological organic fertilizer or 6-8m of decomposed organic fertilizer3And 25-30 kg of compound fertilizer.
5. The planting method of any one of claims 2-4, further comprising a first pest control step, the first pest control step comprising:
laying insect-proof nets before seedling transplantation: 60-mesh insect prevention nets are laid at the upper and lower air ports to prevent the spread of aphids and bemisia tabaci; and/or
Suspending yellow plates after seedling transplantation: hanging yellow plates 20-30cm above the Hami melons every other ridge at an interval of 1m, adjusting the heights of the yellow plates along with the growth of the Hami melons, and timely replacing the yellow plates after the Hami melons are fully soaked; and/or
At least one drug selected from carbendazim, imidacloprid, azadirachtin and bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is used for preventing and treating at least one pest selected from powdery mildew, downy mildew, blight, aphid and bemisia tabaci at proper time.
6. The planting method of claim 1, further comprising the step of, after bulb colonization:
and (3) second pest control: the insect-proof net laid on the previous stubble is arranged, the height of the yellow board is adjusted, and the yellow board is replaced in time.
7. The growing method according to claim 6, wherein said second pest control further comprises the step of controlling at least one pest selected from the group consisting of downy mildew, thrips, aphids and beet armyworm with at least one drug selected from the group consisting of metalaxyl, imidacloprid, abamectin and matrine.
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