CN109804871A - A kind of cultural method preventing and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method preventing and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of cultural method for preventing and delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing.A kind of cultural method preventing and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, comprising: (1) prepare to include: land management and seed management before sowing；1. land management includes: plot selection, soil treatment, the rational application of fertilizer；2. seed management is the following steps are included: (2) after planting management includes: including management and period management of bearing fruit of blooming before spending；3. management includes: cooling management, restraining the growth of seedlings, final singling, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control before spending；4. bloom bear fruit period management include: water and fertilizer management, training prune, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.A kind of prevention of the present invention and the cultural method for delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, the cultural method is suitable for the outdoor cropping of Xinjiang region muskmelon, a variety of agronomic measures (land management, cooling management, training prune, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.) is taken, autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing effectively can be prevented and delay.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultivation for preventing and delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing
Culture method.
Background technique
In recent years, with China's expanding economy, the raising of living standards of the people and the development of tourist industry, muskmelon
Consumption market constantly expands, and China's muskmelon production development is rapid.Muskmelon also known as muskmelon can cultivate extensively in China, by
In the long cultivation history in Xinjiang region and unique geographical conditions, climatic factor, the muskmelon produced is especially famous.In order to mention
The utilization rate of the free area of high Xinjiang region and sunlight-heat reaources abundant, increase peasant plantation income, this area for many years
Using two crops in one year open country cropping pattern, preceding stubble spring plants western muskmelon or the other crops of intercropping and interplanting, and rear stubble autumn plants muskmelon.
But found in muskmelon production cultivation, especially during summer and autumn facility and outdoor cropping, due to cultivating face
Product is big, early period cultivation management improper measures, High temperature, endogenous hormones are uneven, nutrition supply is insufficient and the originals such as disease pest and weed
Because usually will appear plant early ageing in melon fruit expanding stage, leading to the dead seedling of large area muskmelon, the underproduction, or even total crop failure, reducing
Melon yield and quality bring certain influence to the planting benefit of peasant.For this purpose, finding a kind of rationally effective cultivation side
Method has important show to the development of Xinjiang Melon industry to prevent to develop the aging of middle and later periods Muskmelon Plants with delayed fruit
Sincere justice.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural method for preventing and delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, the cultivations
Culture method effectively can prevent and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, be suitable for muskmelon outdoor cropping.
To achieve the goals above, used technical solution are as follows:
A kind of cultural method preventing and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, comprising:
(1) prepare to include: land management and seed management before sowing；
1. land management the following steps are included:
Plot selection: the soil of selection discord melon vegetables continuous cropping；
Soil treatment: the dosage of 50% carbendazim 3kg, quick lime 2kg are applied according to mu, is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in dressing furrow；
The rational application of fertilizer: mu applies abundant decomposed manure 5-6m3, urea 20kg, double superhosphate 35kg, potassium sulfate 30kg；
2. seed management the following steps are included:
Variety selection: selection adaptation local climate, resistance are strong, and plant type is compact, premature senescence resistance, precocity, high-quality, high yield, product
Matter is good, pol is high, melon not easy to crack, the strong muskmelon excellent variety of disease resistance；
Seed disinfection: seeds before seeding carries out disinfection；
(2) after planting management includes: including management and period management of bearing fruit of blooming before spending；
3. management before spending the following steps are included:
Cooling management: emergence carries out cooling processing using sunshade net daily between 9 true leaves；
Restraining the growth of seedlings, final singling: after growing 3 true leaves, start to control water restraining the growth of seedlings, interval of dripping gradually is elongated by 1,2,3d, is dripped every time
Water 2-3h；Normal management when growing to 6-7 piece true leaf drips 3-4h every 1 water of 5-7d drop every time；Final singling when 4-5 piece true leaf, often
Cave retains 1 plant of healthy seedling；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: when growing 4-5 piece true leaf, pesticide and foliar fertilizer mixing carry out foliage-spray, every 7-10d spraying 1
It is secondary, continuous spray 4-5 times；
4. bloom bear fruit period management the following steps are included:
Water and fertilizer management: the phase of bearing fruit of blooming 1 water of every 5-7d drop drips 3-4h every time, applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10- with water mu
15kg, urea 2-3kg；
Training is pruned: take double climing training types, main stem climbs length of overgrowing and stays single melon, supported after final singling stay one closest to main stem
The son of rhizome portion is climing, when this strip is climing grow to 40-50cm when, remove that other sons are climing and grandsons are climing, and the growths climing with this son
It is gradually wound up into main stem rhizome portion, plays the role of sunshade root guard；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: prevention and treatment Bemisia tabaci and aphid.
Further, it is carried out before abundant decomposed manure application with 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of liquid
Disinfection.
Further, the variety selection: select that western state is No. 25 close, close No. 17 of western state.
Further, the seed disinfection: seed is impregnated with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 10% trisodium phosphate solution
It after 20min, is rinsed with clear water, then carries out the 15min that hots water treatment of seeds with 50-55 DEG C of warm water, then stirred to room temperature, impregnate 4-6h
After carry out vernalization.
Further, in cooling management: emergence is carried out at cooling using sunshade net daily between 3 true leaves
While reason, and the 5-6h that drips daily.
Further, in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control spent in preceding management, pesticide is 50% thiram wettable powder
800-1000 times of liquid, 20% 400-500 times of liquid of Moroxydine Hydrochloride wettable powder spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urine
The microelement foliage fertilizers such as plain solution and boron zinc-iron calcium and magnesium.
Further, in the water and fertilizer management: flowering stage start leaf surface spraying concentration 20mg/L 6-BA solution and
2500 times of amino acid selenium foliar fertilizers, every 5-7d are sprayed 1 time, are sprayed 5-6 times.
Further, the full-bloom stage wants the solution of zinc sulfate of foliage-spray 0.1% in the megathermal period.
Further, it in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, the prevention and treatment of the Bemisia tabaci and aphid: uses
Mu hangs yellow plate 30-40 block, and spraying pesticide is combined to carry out integrated control.
Further, in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, pesticide are as follows: 10% Australia's cyanogen insect amide is dispersible
800 times of liquid of oil-suspending agent, 5% 2000-3000 times of liquid of imidacloprid missible oil, 20% 3000-4000 times of liquid of spiral shell worm dinotefuran and 5%
1000 times of liquid of avermectin, every 5-7d is 1 time spraying, and any two kinds of mixed and alternate uses are prevented and treated.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of prevention of the present invention and the cultural method for delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, the cultural method are suitable
For Xinjiang region muskmelon outdoor cropping, taking a variety of agronomic measures, (land management, cooling are managed, training is pruned, liquid manure pipe
Reason, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.), it effectively can prevent and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing.
Specific embodiment
In order to which the present invention is further explained, a kind of cultural method preventing and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, reaches
It is expected that goal of the invention, in conjunction with the preferred embodiment, to a kind of prevention proposed according to the present invention and delay autumn open country muskmelon
The cultural method of plant early ageing, specific embodiment, structure, feature and its effect, detailed description is as follows.In following the description
In, what different " embodiment " or " embodiment " referred to is not necessarily the same embodiment.In addition, the spy in one or more embodiments
Determining feature, structure or feature can be combined by any suitable form.
Before elaborating a kind of prevention of the present invention and delaying the cultural method of autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, having must
The method etc. referred in the present invention is described further, to reach better effect.
Early ageing Symptoms: the early ageing classical symptom shown in field investigation is that muskmelon wilts, wilts, is dead.Muskmelon
Performance leaves water loss, blade sagging symptom when early ageing starts to behave as noon temperature highest restore normal to dusk blade, this
Repeatedly after a few days, blade no longer restores sample at dusk after wilting, and blade edge starts withered, chlorisis phenomenon occur, and development is finally
The whole strain plant of muskmelon wilts death.
According to field on-site inspection and the analysis of Physiological Experiment as a result, obtaining the master of Muskmelon Plants early ageing in conjunction with expert opinion
Want the reason is as follows that:
(1) influence of weather
Since summer and autumn temperature is high, the transpiration of muskmelon is very vigorous, and the moisture that root system absorbs passes through rhizome from blade
Transpiration is gone out, and the temperature of Muskmelon Plants is adjusted, and maintains normal physiological metabolism state.Since June, temperature from
30 DEG C or so quickly rise to 40 DEG C, and muskmelon field temperature and ground temperature also increase quickly, mildly set to many area fields at the beginning of 6 months
Room temperature has just been more than 40 DEG C, and the transpiration for causing muskmelon blade that the rapid increase of temperature and ground temperature makes is accelerated, simultaneously
In the critical period that melon yield and soluble solid are formed, exactly megathermal period summer and autumn muskmelon root system water absorbing capacity without and
When keep up with, cause the transpiration of muskmelon to be obstructed, temperature and ground temperature are high or hot dry wind occur makes the temperature of Muskmelon Plants adjust energy
Power is not normal, causes muskmelon disorder, and formation is wilted, serious to cause the whole strain early ageing of muskmelon dead.
(2) harm of aphid and Bemisia tabaci
Muskmelon aphid and Bemisia tabaci occurring area were big in recent years, endanger weight, the main table of the harm of muskmelon aphid and Bemisia tabaci
It sucks the juice of plant on the leaf back and tender stem of muskmelon with adult and nymph now, is killed plant and loses a large amount of juice
Liquid, while the diseases such as indirect infection virosis, aphid and Bemisia tabaci secretion in large quantities honeydew cover blade, influence photosynthesis and
Respiration reduces the resistance of muskmelon, and muskmelon is made to be easier influence by hot weather, and muskmelon is caused to wilt death.
(3) influence of unreasonable fertilising
High-quality organic manure application rate is insufficient in base manure or applies sufficiently not decomposed organic fertilizer, the application of chemical fertilizer excess,
Ratio is unreasonable, causes to burn root or plant nutrition is unbalance and early ageing occur.
(4) influence of continuous cropping obstacle
In recent years, with the maturation of " two crops a year " cultivation technique and the popularization of cultivation mode, muskmelon facility and open country kind
It plants area to expand year by year, due to not having to carry out the efficent rotation rotation of crops, the muskmelon plot autumn end of large area ploughed deeply, poured water before the winter and disease
The work of insect pest Unifying control is not also highly valued, and makes to have accumulated greater number of pathogen, pole in muskmelon field soil
Easily lead to the generation of soil-borne disease.Meanwhile in order to circumvent the megathermal period, frequently, the propagation of blight dis-ease is also to make to the watering of muskmelon plot
At the one of the major reasons of large area muskmelon death.
Raw material employed in the present invention is commercially available.
After having understood above method etc., below in conjunction with specific embodiment prevention a kind of to the present invention and delay autumn
The cultural method of open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing is further described in detail:
One embodiment
Technical method of the invention are as follows:
Specific steps are as follows:
(1) prepare to include: land management and seed management before sowing；
1. land management the following steps are included:
Plot selection: the soil of selection discord melon vegetables continuous cropping.The shift of crops such as nearly 3 years implementation green onion garlic classes are selected to fall
The plot of stubble, i.e., should not be with melon vegetables continuous cropping.Muskmelon and scallion garlic type crop intercropping and interplanting can also be taken, next stubble is in green onion garlic class
Crop location plants muskmelon.
Soil treatment: plantation the previous year should to Muskmelon Planting plot carry out autumn end ploughs deeply, autumn end of pouring water before the winter ploughs deeply, the winter
Preceding Irrigation levels, spring finish the position of western muskmelon, and autumn can be planted in original line space position.50% is applied according to mu
The dosage of carbendazim 3kg, quick lime 2kg, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in dressing furrow.
The rational application of fertilizer: in conjunction with soil deep tillage, mu applies sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer 5-6m in dressing furrow3(such as sheep dung and oil
Slag nitrogen rich in, phosphorus, potassium and microelement are the best complete fertilizers of muskmelon), urea 20kg, double superhosphate 35kg,
Potassium sulfate 30kg；And increasing the p application rate appropriate and potash fertilizer, single a large amount of application urea is avoided, improves the permeability of soil, most
It is good to use Formula fertilization by soil testing.
2. seed management the following steps are included:
Variety selection: according to the market demand, selection adaptation local climate, resistance as far as possible is strong, and plant type is compact, premature senescence resistance,
Precocious, high-quality, high yield, quality are good, pol is high, melon not easy to crack, the strong muskmelon excellent variety of disease resistance, and Ru Xizhou is No. 25 close, western
Close No. 17 of state；
Seed disinfection: seeds before seeding carries out disinfection；
(2) after planting management includes: including management and period management of bearing fruit of blooming before spending；
3. management before spending the following steps are included:
Cooling management: emergence to positive value summer and autumn megathermal period, especially morning 10:30 to 19:30 in afternoon between 9 true leaves,
It is arched with each slotting ground 15-20cm in 2.2-2.5m long bamboo chip both sides right above duplicate rows muskmelon seedling, a bamboo arch is inserted every 2m,
Bamboo encircles the horizontal sunshade net for drawing a road width 1m in intermediate position, is bundled on bamboo chip with thin wire, prevents High temperature to the wound of seedling
Evil.
Restraining the growth of seedlings, final singling: after growing 3 true leaves, start to control water restraining the growth of seedlings, interval of dripping gradually is elongated by 1,2,3d, is dripped every time
Water 2-3h；Normal management when growing to 6-7 piece true leaf drips 3-4h every 1 water of 5-7d drop every time.Final singling when 4-5 piece true leaf, often
Cave retains 1 plant of healthy seedling.If precision drilling, thinning, final singling can disposably be completed in 4 true leaves.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: when growing 4-5 piece true leaf, pesticide and foliar fertilizer mixing carry out foliage-spray, in advance pre- disease-resistant
Harmful and nutritional deficiency disease generation, every 7-10d is 1 time spraying, continuous spray 4-5 times；
4. bloom bear fruit period management the following steps are included:
Water and fertilizer management: fine day, air humidity is low, plant evaporation capacity is big in the case where, take and repeatedly drip combination on a small quantity
The method of fertilising reduces the moisture content of field soil.It blooms the phase of bearing fruit 1 water of every 5-7d drop, drips 3-4h every time, applied with water mu
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15kg, urea 2-3kg.
Training is pruned: training is pruned in time, guarantees the in great numbers of plant leaf, takes double climing training types, main stem, which is climbed, overgrows
Length stay single melon, after final singling support stay one closest to main stem rhizome portion son it is climing, when this strip is climing grow to 40-50cm when, remove it
Its son is climing and grandson is climing, and as the climing growth of this son is gradually wound up into main stem rhizome portion, plays the role of sunshade root guard, after sitting melon
Take the principle of " tight at first but afterwards loose ".
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: prevention and treatment Bemisia tabaci and aphid.
Other management are the same as local autumn open country melon wilt management.
Preferably, it is carried out disinfection before abundant decomposed manure application with 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, thoroughly
Eliminate germ harm.
Preferably, seed disinfection are as follows: after seed is impregnated 20min with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 10% trisodium phosphate solution,
It is rinsed with clear water, then carries out the 15min that hots water treatment of seeds with 50-55 DEG C of warm water, then stirred to room temperature, urged after impregnating 4-6h
Bud.
Preferably, in cooling management: emergence, from morning 10:30 to 19:30 in afternoon, uses hide daily between 3 true leaves
While screened postive carries out cooling processing, and the 5-6h that drips daily carries out cooling of dripping, and prevents injury of the High temperature to seedling.
Preferably, in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control before spending in management, 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% thiram wettable powder is sprayed,
Prevent leaf spot, powdery mildew, anthracnose；20% 400-500 times of liquid of Moroxydine Hydrochloride wettable powder is sprayed, is prevented virus diseases；
The microelement foliage fertilizers such as 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% urea liquid and boron zinc-iron calcium and magnesium are sprayed, to prevent seedling stage physiology
Disease and nutritional deficiency disease.
Preferably, in water and fertilizer management: flowering stage starts to want the 6-BA solution of leaf surface spraying concentration 20mg/L and 2500 times of ammonia
Base acid selenium foliar fertilizer (amino acid selenium fertilizer is that Fruit Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences researches and develops, the patent No.: ZL2010101991450,
With leaf quality is significantly improved, Delaying Leaf-Senescence improves blade disease resistance, improves fruit quality and other effects.The application
Prevent and delay muskmelon blade early ageing using the foliar fertilizer), until medical fluid is sprayed onto complete stool blade face and has liquid pearl but do not drip, every 5-
7d is sprayed 1 time, is sprayed 5-6 times.
It is further preferred that full-bloom stage in the megathermal period (daytime, maximum temperature was at 40 DEG C or more), foliage-spray
The ability of plant strong light resistant to high temperatures can be improved in 0.1% solution of zinc sulfate, prevents early ageing, improves fruit quality.
Preferably, in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control for the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, yellow plate 30- the prevention and treatment of Bemisia tabaci and aphid: is hung using mu
40 pieces, and spraying pesticide is combined to carry out integrated control.
It is further preferred that in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control for the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, pesticide are as follows: the dispersible oil of 10% Australia's cyanogen insect amide is outstanding
Floating 800 times of liquid of agent, 5% 2000-3000 times of liquid of imidacloprid missible oil, 20% 3000-4000 times of liquid of spiral shell worm dinotefuran and 5% AVM hereinafter
1000 times of liquid of rhzomorph, every 5-7d is 1 time spraying, and any two kinds of mixed and alternate uses are prevented and treated, and avoids developing drug resistance, and improves anti-
Control effect.
Embodiment 1.
Embodiment 1 is planted in the proper township Te Kala in Turpan, and sowing on July 3, August 9th are full-bloom stage, and August 15th are first
Fruiting period, September 26th start to harvest, average yield per mu 1942.47kg.
Specific steps are as follows:
(1) prepare to include: land management and seed management before sowing；
1. land management the following steps are included:
Plot selection: the soil of selection discord melon vegetables continuous cropping.The shift of crops such as nearly 3 years implementation green onion garlic classes are selected to fall
The plot of stubble, i.e., should not be with melon vegetables continuous cropping.Muskmelon and scallion garlic type crop intercropping and interplanting can also be taken, next stubble is in green onion garlic class
Crop location plants muskmelon.
Soil treatment: plantation the previous year should to Muskmelon Planting plot carry out autumn end plough deeply, Irrigation levels before the winter, spring kind
The position of complete western muskmelon, autumn can be planted in original line space position.50% carbendazim 3kg, quick lime are applied according to mu
The dosage of 2kg, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in dressing furrow.
It is carried out disinfection before abundant decomposed manure application with 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, thoroughly eliminate disease
Bacterium harm.
The rational application of fertilizer: in conjunction with soil deep tillage, mu applies sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer 5-6m in dressing furrow3(such as sheep dung and oil
Slag nitrogen rich in, phosphorus, potassium and microelement are the best complete fertilizers of muskmelon), urea 20kg, double superhosphate 35kg,
Potassium sulfate 30kg；And increasing the p application rate appropriate and potash fertilizer, single a large amount of application urea is avoided, improves the permeability of soil, most
It is good to use Formula fertilization by soil testing.
2. seed management the following steps are included:
Variety selection: according to the market demand, selection as far as possible adapts to local climate, and resistance is strong, and plant type is compact, premature senescence resistance,
Precocious, high-quality, high yield, quality are good, pol is high, melon not easy to crack, the strong muskmelon excellent variety of disease resistance；This example selects western state close
No. 17.
Seed disinfection: it after seed is impregnated 20min with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 10% trisodium phosphate solution, is rushed with clear water
It washes, then carries out the 15min that hots water treatment of seeds with 55 DEG C of warm water, then stir to room temperature, carry out vernalization after impregnating 4h.(2) after planting
Management includes: including management and period management of bearing fruit of blooming before spending；
3. management before spending the following steps are included:
Cooling management: emergence is between 3 true leaves, from morning 10:30 to 19:30 in afternoon, right above duplicate rows muskmelon seedling
It is arched with each slotting ground 15-20cm in 2.2-2.5m long bamboo chip both sides, a bamboo arch is inserted every 2m, encircles the horizontal drawing one in intermediate position in bamboo
The sunshade net of road width 1m, is bundled on bamboo chip with thin wire, and the 5-6h that drips daily carries out cooling of dripping, and prevents High temperature pair
The injury of seedling.
(mid or late July) the positive value summer and autumn megathermal period between 3-9 piece true leaf just uses from morning 11:00 to 17:30 in afternoon
Sunshade net carries out cooling processing, prevents injury of the High temperature to seedling.
Restraining the growth of seedlings, final singling: after growing 3 true leaves, start to control water restraining the growth of seedlings, interval of dripping gradually is elongated by 1,2,3d, is dripped every time
Water 2-3h；Normal management when growing to 6-7 piece true leaf drips 3-4h every 1 water of 5-7d drop every time.Final singling when 4-5 piece true leaf, often
Cave retains 1 plant of healthy seedling.If precision drilling, thinning, final singling can disposably be completed in 4 true leaves.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: when growing 4-5 piece true leaf, pesticide and foliar fertilizer mixing carry out foliage-spray, in advance pre- disease-resistant
Harmful and nutritional deficiency disease generation, every 7-10d is 1 time spraying, continuous spray 4-5 times.50% thiram wettable powder, 800 times of liquid are sprayed,
Prevent leaf spot, powdery mildew, anthracnose；20% Moroxydine Hydrochloride wettable powder, 400 times of liquid are sprayed, are prevented virus diseases；It sprays
The microelement foliage fertilizers such as 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% urea liquid and boron zinc-iron calcium and magnesium, to prevent seedling stage physiological disease
And nutritional deficiency disease.
4. bloom bear fruit period management the following steps are included:
Water and fertilizer management: fine day, air humidity is low, plant evaporation capacity is big in the case where, take and repeatedly drip combination on a small quantity
The method of fertilising reduces the moisture content of field soil.It blooms the phase of bearing fruit 1 water of every 5-7d drop, drips 3-4h every time, applied with water mu
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15kg, urea 2-3kg.
Flowering stage starts to want the 6-BA solution of leaf surface spraying concentration 20mg/L and 2500 times of amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer (amino acid
Selenium fertilizer is Fruit Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's research and development, and the patent No.: ZL2010101991450 has and significantly improves blade matter
Amount, Delaying Leaf-Senescence improve blade disease resistance, improve fruit quality and other effects.The application using the foliar fertilizer prevention and
Delay muskmelon blade early ageing), until medical fluid is sprayed onto complete stool blade face and has liquid pearl but do not drip, every 5-7d is sprayed 1 time, sprays 5-6
It is secondary；In the megathermal period, the solution of zinc sulfate of foliage-spray 0.1% is also wanted, muskmelon ability resistant to high temperatures can be improved, prevents early ageing,
Improve fruit quality.
Training is pruned: training is pruned in time, guarantees the in great numbers of plant leaf, takes double climing training types, main stem, which is climbed, overgrows
Length stay single melon, after final singling support stay one closest to main stem rhizome portion son it is climing, when this strip is climing grow to 40-50cm when, remove it
Its son is climing and grandson is climing, and as the climing growth of this son is gradually wound up into main stem rhizome portion, plays the role of sunshade root guard, after sitting melon
Take the principle of " tight at first but afterwards loose ".
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: prevention and treatment Bemisia tabaci and aphid hang yellow plate 30-40 block using mu, and spraying pesticide are combined to carry out
Integrated control.The pesticide sprayed are as follows: 800 times of liquid of oil-suspending agent, 5% imidacloprid missible oil 2000- can be dispersed in 10% Australia's cyanogen insect amide
1000 times of 3000 times of liquid, 20% 3000-4000 times of liquid of spiral shell worm dinotefuran and 5% avermectin liquid, every 5-7d is 1 time spraying, appoints
Two kinds of mixed and alternate uses of anticipating are prevented and treated, and avoid developing drug resistance, and improve control efficiency.
Other management are the same as local autumn open country melon wilt management.
A kind of prevention described in the embodiment of the present invention and the cultural method for delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, the cultivation
Method is suitable for the outdoor cropping of Xinjiang region muskmelon, and taking a variety of agronomic measures, (land management, cooling manage, training is pruned, water
Fertile management, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.), it effectively can prevent and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing.
Embodiment 2.
Embodiment 1 in the Turpan Shanshan County township Tu Yugou plant, July 1 sowing, August 7th be full-bloom stage, August 14th
For initial results period, September 25th start to harvest, average yield per mu 1768.29kg.
Specific steps are as follows:
(1) prepare to include: land management and seed management before sowing；
1. land management the following steps are included:
Plot selection: the soil of selection discord melon vegetables continuous cropping.The shift of crops such as nearly 3 years implementation green onion garlic classes are selected to fall
The plot of stubble, i.e., should not be with melon vegetables continuous cropping.Muskmelon and scallion garlic type crop intercropping and interplanting can also be taken, next stubble is in green onion garlic class
Crop location plants muskmelon.
Soil treatment: plantation the previous year should to Muskmelon Planting plot carry out autumn end plough deeply, Irrigation levels before the winter, spring kind
The position of complete western muskmelon, autumn can be planted in original line space position.50% carbendazim 3kg, quick lime are applied according to mu
The dosage of 2kg, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields in dressing furrow.
It is carried out disinfection before abundant decomposed manure application with 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, thoroughly eliminates disease
Bacterium harm.
The rational application of fertilizer: in conjunction with soil deep tillage, mu applies sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer 5-6m in dressing furrow3(such as sheep dung and oil
Slag nitrogen rich in, phosphorus, potassium and microelement are the best complete fertilizers of muskmelon), urea 20kg, double superhosphate 35kg,
Potassium sulfate 30kg；And increasing the p application rate appropriate and potash fertilizer, single a large amount of application urea is avoided, improves the permeability of soil, most
It is good to use Formula fertilization by soil testing.
2. seed management the following steps are included:
Variety selection: according to the market demand, selection as far as possible adapts to local climate, and resistance is strong, and plant type is compact, premature senescence resistance,
Precocious, high-quality, high yield, quality are good, pol is high, melon not easy to crack, the strong muskmelon excellent variety of disease resistance；This example selects western state close
No. 25.
Seed disinfection: it after seed is impregnated 20min with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 10% trisodium phosphate solution, is rushed with clear water
It washes, then carries out the 15min that hots water treatment of seeds with 50 DEG C of warm water, then stir to room temperature, carry out vernalization after impregnating 6h.
(2) after planting management includes: including management and period management of bearing fruit of blooming before spending；
3. management before spending the following steps are included:
Cooling management: emergence is between 3 true leaves, from morning 10:30 to 19:30 in afternoon, right above duplicate rows muskmelon seedling
It is arched with each slotting ground 15-20cm in 2.2-2.5m long bamboo chip both sides, a bamboo arch is inserted every 2m, encircles the horizontal drawing one in intermediate position in bamboo
The sunshade net of road width 1m, is bundled on bamboo chip with thin wire, and the 5-6h that drips daily carries out cooling of dripping, and prevents High temperature pair
The injury of seedling.
(mid or late July) the positive value summer and autumn megathermal period between 3-9 piece true leaf just uses from morning 11:00 to 17:30 in afternoon
Sunshade net carries out cooling processing, prevents injury of the High temperature to seedling.
Restraining the growth of seedlings, final singling: after growing 3 true leaves, start to control water restraining the growth of seedlings, interval of dripping gradually is elongated by 1,2,3d, is dripped every time
Water 2-3h；Normal management when growing to 6-7 piece true leaf drips 3-4h every 1 water of 5-7d drop every time.Final singling when 4-5 piece true leaf, often
Cave retains 1 plant of healthy seedling.If precision drilling, thinning, final singling can disposably be completed in 4 true leaves.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: when growing 4-5 piece true leaf, pesticide and foliar fertilizer mixing carry out foliage-spray, in advance pre- disease-resistant
Harmful and nutritional deficiency disease generation, every 7-10d is 1 time spraying, continuous spray 4-5 times.50% thiram wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid are sprayed,
Prevent leaf spot, powdery mildew, anthracnose；20% Moroxydine Hydrochloride wettable powder, 500 times of liquid are sprayed, are prevented virus diseases；It sprays
The microelement foliage fertilizers such as 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% urea liquid and boron zinc-iron calcium and magnesium, to prevent seedling stage physiological disease
And nutritional deficiency disease.
4. bloom bear fruit period management the following steps are included:
Water and fertilizer management: it in the case where fine day air humidity is low, plant evaporation capacity is big, takes repeatedly to drip to combine on a small quantity and apply
The method of fertilizer, reduces the moisture content of field soil.It blooms the phase of bearing fruit 1 water of every 5-7d drop, drips 3-4h every time, apply phosphorus with water mu
Acid dihydride potassium 10-15kg, urea 2-3kg.
Flowering stage starts to want the 6-BA solution of leaf surface spraying concentration 20mg/L and 2500 times of amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer (amino acid
Selenium fertilizer is Fruit Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's research and development, and the patent No.: ZL2010101991450 has and significantly improves blade matter
Amount, Delaying Leaf-Senescence improve blade disease resistance, improve fruit quality and other effects.The application using the foliar fertilizer prevention and
Delay muskmelon blade early ageing), until medical fluid is sprayed onto complete stool blade face and has liquid pearl but do not drip, every 5-7d is sprayed 1 time, sprays 5-6
It is secondary；In the megathermal period, the solution of zinc sulfate of foliage-spray 0.1% is also wanted, muskmelon ability resistant to high temperatures can be improved, prevents early ageing,
Improve fruit quality.
Training is pruned: training is pruned in time, guarantees the in great numbers of plant leaf, takes double climing training types, main stem, which is climbed, overgrows
Length stay single melon, after final singling support stay one closest to main stem rhizome portion son it is climing, when this strip is climing grow to 40-50cm when, remove it
Its son is climing and grandson is climing, and will gradually be wound up into main stem rhizome portion with the climing growth of this son, plays the role of sunshade root guard, sits melon
The principle of " tight at first but afterwards loose " is taken afterwards.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: prevention and treatment Bemisia tabaci and aphid hang yellow plate 30-40 block using mu, and spraying pesticide are combined to carry out
Integrated control.The pesticide sprayed are as follows: 800 times of liquid of oil-suspending agent, 5% imidacloprid missible oil 2000- can be dispersed in 10% Australia's cyanogen insect amide
1000 times of 3000 times of liquid, 20% 3000-4000 times of liquid of spiral shell worm dinotefuran and 5% avermectin liquid, every 5-7d is 1 time spraying, appoints
Two kinds of mixed and alternate uses of anticipating are prevented and treated, and avoid developing drug resistance, and improve control efficiency.
Other management are the same as local autumn open country melon wilt management.
A kind of prevention described in the embodiment of the present invention and the cultural method for delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing, the cultivation
Method is suitable for the outdoor cropping of Xinjiang region muskmelon, and taking a variety of agronomic measures, (land management, cooling manage, training is pruned, water
Fertile management, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.), it effectively can prevent and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing.
Two experiment tests
1, test method: photosynthetic measuring method
Net Photosynthetic Rate measurement experiment: where " in " knot melon section blade is represented, "upper", "lower" respectively represent knot melon section
The blade of position 5 sections up and down.
For this sample plot in the proper township Te Kala in Turpan, cultivar is close No. 17 of western state.July 3 was sowed, and was within August 9th
Full-bloom stage, August 15th are initial results period, and September 26th start to harvest.
First time spraying time is August 3 (Turfan open country muskmelon flowering stage), and (contained on 9th by Turfan open country muskmelon for August
Florescence) it sprays for the second time, August 17 days (in the megathermal period and 42 DEG C of maximum temperature on daytime) carries out photosynthesis characteristics detection.Due to the time
There is typicalness and representativeness with measured value, therefore measurement must be completed within a certain period of time, measurement processing and number of samples are not
Reasons can be waited too much, 4 processing are set, and every 2 plants of processing, 3 Different node blades of every plant of survey are repeated 2 times, and are calculated average
Value.
And handle 1-6 all using the anti-early ageing training measure of autumn open country of the invention, that is, use of the present invention one
Kind prevention and the cultural method for delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing.
2, it handles
Processing is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
3, experimental result
(1) test result is as shown in table 2 and table 3.
Table 2
Table 3
It can be seen that from upper table, prevention early ageing effect preferably handles 4, and yield is not highest, but compares control treatment yield
Significant difference；Highest yield is processing 6.
(2) control group is added, which is processing 8, and treatment measures are identical with processing 4, in addition to training
Measure is different, and processing 8 is using conventional double climing trainings.
It is detected, the melon yield for handling 4 is 1968.43kg/667m2, the melon yield for handling 8 is 1763.82kg/
667m2, the two volume variance is significant；Last time digs out plant root TTC chromosome method measurement root activity after harvesting, adopt
Root activity with the muskmelon of processing 4 is 74.26mg/ (gh), uses the root system of the muskmelon of processing 8 living for 61.74mg/ (g
H), the two volume variance is significant.
It therefore, should using a kind of cultural method for preventing and delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing of the present invention
Cultural method is suitable for the muskmelon of Xinjiang region outdoor cropping, takes a variety of agronomic measures (land management, cooling management, training
Prune, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.), it effectively can prevent and delay autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, not makees any shape to the embodiment of the present invention
Limitation in formula, any simple modification to the above embodiments of technical spirit according to an embodiment of the present invention, equivalent variations
With modification, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of prevention and the cultural method for delaying autumn open country Muskmelon Plants early ageing characterized by comprising
(1) prepare to include: land management and seed management before sowing；
1. land management the following steps are included:
Plot selection: the soil of selection discord melon vegetables continuous cropping；
Soil treatment: the dosage of 50% carbendazim 3kg, quick lime 2kg are applied according to mu, is spread fertilizer over the fields in dressing furrow；
The rational application of fertilizer: mu applies abundant decomposed manure 5-6m3, urea 20kg, double superhosphate 35kg, potassium sulfate 30kg；
2. seed management the following steps are included:
Variety selection: selection adapts to that local climate, resistance are strong, and plant type is compact, premature senescence resistance, precocity, high-quality, high yield, quality be good,
Pol is high, melon not easy to crack, the strong muskmelon excellent variety of disease resistance；
Seed disinfection: seeds before seeding carries out disinfection；
(2) after planting management includes: including management and period management of bearing fruit of blooming before spending；
3. management before spending the following steps are included:
Cooling management: emergence carries out cooling processing using sunshade net daily between 9 true leaves；
Restraining the growth of seedlings, final singling: after growing 3 true leaves, start to control water restraining the growth of seedlings, interval of dripping gradually is elongated by 1,2,3d, and drip 2- every time
3h；Normal management when growing to 6-7 piece true leaf drips 3-4h every 1 water of 5-7d drop every time；Final singling when 4-5 piece true leaf, every cave are protected
Stay 1 plant of healthy seedling；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: when growing 4-5 piece true leaf, pesticide and foliar fertilizer mixing carry out foliage-spray, and every 7-10d is 1 time spraying, even
Continuous spray 4-5 times；
4. bloom bear fruit period management the following steps are included:
Water and fertilizer management: the phase of bearing fruit of blooming 1 water of every 5-7d drop drips 3-4h every time, applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15kg with water mu, urine
Plain 2-3kg；
Training is pruned: take double climing training types, main stem climbs length of overgrowing and stays single melon, supported after final singling stay one closest to main stem rhizome
The son in portion is climing, when this strip is climing grow to 40-50cm when, remove that other sons are climing and grandsons are climing, and gradually with the climing growth of this son
It is wound up into main stem rhizome portion, plays the role of sunshade root guard；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: prevention and treatment Bemisia tabaci and aphid.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that with 75% before the abundant decomposed manure application
600 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder carry out disinfection.
3. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the variety selection: selecting western state No. 25 close, western
Close No. 17 of state.
4. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seed disinfection: with 0.1% potassium permanganate or
After seed is impregnated 20min by 10% trisodium phosphate solution, rinsed with clear water, then hoted water treatment of seeds with 50-55 DEG C of warm water
Then 15min is stirred to room temperature, carry out vernalization after impregnating 4-6h.
5. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the described cooling management: emergence to 3 true leaves it
Between, while carrying out cooling processing using sunshade net daily, and the 5-6h that drips daily.
6. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control spent in preceding management,
Pesticide is 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% thiram wettable powder, 20% 400-500 times of liquid of Moroxydine Hydrochloride wettable powder, spray
Apply the microelement foliage fertilizers such as 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea liquid and boron zinc-iron calcium and magnesium.
7. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the water and fertilizer management: flowering stage starts blade face
The 6-BA solution of spraying concentration 20mg/L and 2500 times of amino acid selenium foliar fertilizers, every 5-7d are sprayed 1 time, are sprayed 5-6 times.
8. cultural method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the full-bloom stage wants blade face to spray in the megathermal period
Apply 0.1% solution of zinc sulfate.
9. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of the phase of bearing fruit of blooming,
The prevention and treatment of the Bemisia tabaci and aphid: yellow plate 30-40 block is hung using mu, and spraying pesticide is combined to carry out integrated control.
10. cultural method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of the phase of bearing fruit of blooming,
Pesticide are as follows: 800 times of liquid of oil-suspending agent, 5% 2000-3000 times of liquid of imidacloprid missible oil, 20% spiral shell can be dispersed in 10% Australia's cyanogen insect amide
1000 times of liquid of 3000-4000 times of liquid of worm dinotefuran and 5% avermectin, every 5-7d is 1 time spraying, and any two kinds of mixed and alternates make
With being prevented and treated.
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