CN111296153A - Planting method for interplanting costus root under walnut forest - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for interplanting costus root under walnut forest, which comprises the steps of selecting forest land, preparing land, selecting costus root seeds, soaking and airing to be semi-dry, and then sowing; weeding and topdressing are carried out between a walnut forest and elecampane at regular intervals, root rot, leaf spot and insect pest are prevented during growth of the elecampane, the elecampane is harvested in autumn and winter after being planted for two years, soil and fibrous roots are removed, main roots are cut into sections with the length of 6-12 cm, and the sections are dried in the sun or are dried at 50 ℃. According to the growth habits of the walnut trees and the costustoot, the planting method of interplanting costustoot under the walnut trees is adopted according to the difference of the requirements of the walnut trees and the costustoot on illumination, nutrients and water, and the measures of land selection, land preparation, costustoot planting, field management, pest control and the like are reasonable, so that the walnut trees and the costustoot can grow well, the soil utilization rate is improved, the yield is increased, and the land income is improved.

Description

Planting method for interplanting costus root under walnut forest

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, in particular to a planting method for interplanting costustoot under walnut forests.

Background

Walnut, also known as walnut and walnut, is a perennial deciduous tree and fruit tree of the juglandaceae family. The walnut has rich nutritive value and high protein and fat content, is rich in various trace elements, mineral substances and vitamins required by a human body, and has the reputations of Wansui, Changshouguo and Yangshengbao. The walnut has the growth characteristics of pleasure, cold resistance, drought resistance, strong disease resistance and the like, can adapt to the growth of various soils, has low requirements on water and fertilizer, and is widely planted nationwide. The growth period of walnuts is greatly different according to the difference of varieties, the walnuts can bloom and bear fruits for 3 years less and 8 years more. Therefore, the walnut is a tall fruit tree with a long growth period and a deep root system.

Radix aucklandiae is perennial herb medicinal plant of Compositae, and is prepared from radix aucklandiae, radix Aristolochice, Aristolochiae, Aristolochia debilis, radix aucklandiae, and has effects of invigorating spleen, activating qi-flowing and relieving pain. The wild amount of the costus roots is small, the costus roots are mainly planted in families and are mostly cultivated in Yunguchuan mountainous regions. The annual average temperature is 5.6 ℃, the highest temperature is 23 ℃, the lowest temperature is 14 ℃ below zero, the annual rainfall is 800-1000 mm (mostly concentrated in 8 months), and the frost-free period is 150 days. Snow and frost usually exist from 12 months later to 3 months in the next year, but the costus still can live through winter safely and grow well. The growth is fast in spring and autumn, and slow in rainy season in 7 and 8 months. When the method is used, roots are disturbed, strong light is afraid of in the seedling stage, and the seeds are interplanted with other crops mostly, otherwise, the seeds are easy to die in the seedling stage.

In recent years, the walnut planting area in China is getting larger, but due to the characteristics of long walnut planting period, much investment, slow effect and the like, the development of walnuts is further influenced. Therefore, the economic crops are interplanted in the walnut forest to improve the land utilization rate, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and the growth of weeds, facilitate the growth of walnuts and fill the blank that economic benefits cannot be created in the young walnut period. The species of walnut interplanting at home and abroad are various, including vegetables, grains, fungi and traditional Chinese medicines, but because the species for interplanting are not properly selected, biological competition with walnuts is often caused, and the yield of the walnut and the Chinese medicines is influenced. Therefore, in the interplanting process, the crops are reasonably arranged by combining the conditions of local environment, water, soil and the like, the walnut planting is mainly used, the interplanting of the crops is used as an assistant, and the primary and secondary operations are forbidden to be reversed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a planting method for interplanting costus root under walnut forest, wherein the costus root which is a medicinal material fearing light in the seedling stage is selected according to the change of the illumination condition under the walnut forest, the advantages of land resources and tree species under the walnut forest are fully utilized, and the income is increased.

According to the purpose of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a planting method for interplanting costustoot under walnut forest comprises the following steps:

step 1: soil preparation

Selecting a proper walnut forest land for soil preparation in the spring beginning of the next year, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves in the walnut forest land, applying 2500-5000 kg of thoroughly decomposed fertilizer to each mu of land, deeply turning, preparing a field ridge, and digging a drainage ditch;

step 2: planting of radix aucklandiae

Selecting costustoot seeds, soaking the costustoot seeds in warm water at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, airing the costustoot seeds to be half-dry and then sowing the seeds;

and step 3: management of field

Weeding and topdressing are carried out in fields of walnut forest and elecampane regularly, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the early growth stage of the elecampane, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is additionally applied in the later growth stage of the elecampane; after seedlings of the elecampane are grown, intertillage is combined, 50-100 kg of decomposed fertilizer is applied to each mu, 1000-1500 kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu, and after ditching and fertilization, ridging is carried out; removing flower buds of radix aucklandiae in the second year, and watering in time;

and 4, step 4: pest control

Preventing root rot, leaf spot and insect pest during the growth period of radix aucklandiae,

prevention of root rot: drainage in rainy season is mainly well done, and mechanical damage is avoided during field operation;

and (3) preventing and treating leaf spot disease: spraying equivalent Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times of 50% Bactericin solution at the initial stage of disease attack, and spraying once every 7-10 days;

prevention of insect pests: using trichlorfon poison bait to trap and kill or dimethoate emulsion, dichlorvos and malathion for prevention;

and 5: harvesting

Harvesting radix aucklandiae in autumn and winter after two years of planting, deeply digging around the plant during harvesting, removing the whole root, cutting off the residual stem, removing soil and fibrous root, cutting the main root into sections of 6-12 cm long, and drying in the sun or drying at 50 ℃.

Further, in the step 1, the selected walnut forest land is a walnut forest land with an altitude of 1800-3500 m, and the walnut forest land has the selection requirements that: the walnut forest which is thick in soil layer, loose in texture, high in soil nutrient and large in crown is selected, the annual average temperature of the walnut forest is 10-12 ℃, the frost period is 170-190 days, and the annual average rainfall is 900-1100 mm.

Further, in the step 1, after fertilizing, deeply turning the walnut forest land for 30-45 cm, finely raking and leveling, and making small high ridges with the width of 100-120 cm and the height of 15 cm.

Further, in step 2, the sowing modes of the costus seeds include two types:

the first sowing mode is as follows: ditching and sowing according to the row spacing of 50cm, covering soil for 3-5 cm, slightly pressing, and sowing 0.7-1.0 kg per mu;

the second sowing mode is as follows: dibbling, wherein the hole distance is 15cm, 3-5 seeds are planted in each hole, the soil is covered for 3-5 cm, the seeds are slightly pressed, and the seeding amount per mu is 0.5-1.0 kg.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the planting method for interplanting the costustoot under the walnut forest, disclosed by the invention, according to the growth habits of the walnut forest and the costustoot and according to the difference of requirements of the walnut tree and the costustoot on illumination, nutrients and water, the planting method for interplanting the costustoot under the walnut forest is adopted, and the walnut tree and the costustoot can grow well through means of reasonable land selection, land preparation, costustoot planting, field management, pest control and the like, so that the soil utilization rate is improved, the yield is increased, and the land income is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Examples

A planting method for interplanting elecampane under walnut forest is mainly suitable for walnut forest lands with an altitude of 1800-3500 m, and walnut forests with deep soil layers, loose texture, high soil nutrients and large crowns are selected during planting. The average annual temperature of the walnut forest is 10-12 ℃, preferably about 11 ℃, the frost period is 170-190 days, and the annual average rainfall is about 900-1100 mm.

The planting method comprises the following steps:

step 1: in the next spring, proper walnut forest lands are selected for land preparation, dry branches and fallen leaves among the walnut forests are cleaned, the lands are deeply turned, and the soil is disinfected. During disinfection, the soil is exposed to the sun after being deeply turned over (mainly 1.5g of carbendazim wettable powder with the concentration of 50 percent is sprayed on the soil per square meter or 2.5Kg + 10g of thiohydran are sprayed on the soil per square meter by using 2.5Kg + 10g of sailuo solution (copper sulfate: quicklime: water 1:1: 100).

The method comprises the following steps of deeply burying the woody roots into the soil, preferring fertilizer, applying 2500-5000 kg of decomposed fertilizer per mu, finely smashing, scattering the smashed woody roots into the ground, deeply turning over for 30-45 cm, finely raking, leveling, making small high ridges with the width of 100-120 cm and the height of 15cm, and digging drainage ditches for draining water in rainy seasons;

step 2: planting of radix aucklandiae

Selecting clean costustoot seeds, soaking the costustoot seeds in warm water at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, airing the costustoot seeds to be semi-dry and then sowing the seeds;

the sowing mode of the costustoot seeds comprises two modes:

the first sowing mode is as follows: ditching and sowing according to the row spacing of 50cm, covering soil for 3-5 cm, slightly pressing, and sowing 0.7-1.0 kg per mu;

the second sowing mode is as follows: dibbling, wherein the hole distance is 15cm, 3-5 seeds are planted in each hole, the soil is covered for 3-5 cm, the seeds are slightly pressed, and the seeding amount per mu is 0.5-1.0 kg.

And step 3: management of field

Weeding and topdressing are carried out between the walnut forest and the costus root regularly. Applying nitrogen fertilizer in the early growth stage of the costustoot to promote flourishing plants; applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to the late growth stage of radix aucklandiae to promote the root growth to be thick; after seedlings of the elecampane are grown, intertillage is combined, 50-100 kg of decomposed fertilizer is applied to each mu, 1000-1500 kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu, and after ditching and fertilization, ridging is carried out; buds of the costus roots are removed in the next year, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced; and (5) watering in time in dry weather.

And 4, step 4: pest control

During the growth period of the costustoot, the occurrence of root rot, leaf spot and insect damage is mainly prevented, and the disease and insect damage are prevented by adopting the principle of prevention as a main part and prevention combination.

Prevention of root rot: the root rot is mostly caused by high-temperature water accumulation, drainage is well performed in rainy seasons, and mechanical damage is avoided during field operation;

and (3) preventing and treating leaf spot disease: the leaf spot mainly occurs in late 5-month ten days, and the same amount of Bordeaux mixture or 50% of Bacteridium mixture 1000 times of the original solution can be sprayed at the early stage of the disease, and the solution is sprayed once every 7-10 days;

prevention of insect pests: the insect pests are mainly grubs, mole crickets, cutworms and the like to gnaw roots, scarabs, aphids, red spiders and the like to eat tender buds and leaves, and when discovered, dipterex poison bait is used for trapping and killing or dimethoate emulsion, dichlorvos and malathion to prevent.

And 5: harvesting

Harvesting radix aucklandiae in autumn and winter after two years of planting, deeply digging around the plant during harvesting, removing the whole root, cutting off the residual stem, removing soil and fibrous root, cutting the main root into sections of 6-12 cm long, and drying in the sun or drying at 50 ℃.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The planting method for interplanting costustoot under walnut forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: soil preparation

Selecting a proper walnut forest land for soil preparation in the spring beginning of the next year, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves in the walnut forest land, applying 2500-5000 kg of thoroughly decomposed fertilizer to each mu of land, deeply turning, preparing a field ridge, and digging a drainage ditch;

step 2: planting of radix aucklandiae

Selecting costustoot seeds, soaking the costustoot seeds in warm water at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, airing the costustoot seeds to be half-dry and then sowing the seeds;

and step 3: management of field

Weeding and topdressing are carried out in fields of walnut forest and elecampane regularly, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the early growth stage of the elecampane, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is additionally applied in the later growth stage of the elecampane; after seedlings of the elecampane are grown, intertillage is combined, 50-100 kg of decomposed fertilizer is applied to each mu, 1000-1500 kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu, and after ditching and fertilization, ridging is carried out; removing flower buds of radix aucklandiae in the second year, and watering in time;

and 4, step 4: pest control

Preventing root rot, leaf spot and insect pest during the growth period of radix aucklandiae,

prevention of root rot: drainage in rainy season is mainly well done, and mechanical damage is avoided during field operation;

and (3) preventing and treating leaf spot disease: spraying equivalent Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times of 50% Bactericin solution at the initial stage of disease attack, and spraying once every 7-10 days;

prevention of insect pests: using trichlorfon poison bait to trap and kill or dimethoate emulsion, dichlorvos and malathion for prevention;

and 5: harvesting

Harvesting radix aucklandiae in autumn and winter after two years of planting, deeply digging around the plant during harvesting, removing the whole root, cutting off the residual stem, removing soil and fibrous root, cutting the main root into sections of 6-12 cm long, and drying in the sun or drying at 50 ℃.

2. The planting method for interplanting elecampane under walnut forest according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the walnut forest land selected is a walnut forest land with an altitude of 1800-3500 m, and the walnut forest land has the selection requirements: the walnut forest which is thick in soil layer, loose in texture, high in soil nutrient and large in crown is selected, the annual average temperature of the walnut forest is 10-12 ℃, the frost period is 170-190 days, and the annual average rainfall is 900-1100 mm.

3. The planting method for interplanting elecampane under walnut forest according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the walnut forest land is deeply ploughed after fertilizing, ploughed deeply by 30-45 cm, finely raked and leveled, and small high furrows with width of 100-120 cm and height of 15cm are made.

4. The planting method for interplanting costustoot under walnut forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the sowing modes of costustoot seeds comprise two modes:

the first sowing mode is as follows: ditching and sowing according to the row spacing of 50cm, covering soil for 3-5 cm, slightly pressing, and sowing 0.7-1.0 kg per mu;

the second sowing mode is as follows: dibbling, wherein the hole distance is 15cm, 3-5 seeds are planted in each hole, the soil is covered for 3-5 cm, the seeds are slightly pressed, and the seeding amount per mu is 0.5-1.0 kg.