CN108617395A - A kind of grape planting process of two crops a year - Google Patents
A kind of grape planting process of two crops a year Download PDFInfo
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- CN108617395A CN108617395A CN201810413020.XA CN201810413020A CN108617395A CN 108617395 A CN108617395 A CN 108617395A CN 201810413020 A CN201810413020 A CN 201810413020A CN 108617395 A CN108617395 A CN 108617395A
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- fruit
- grape
- crops
- greenhouse
- branch
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of grape planting process of two crops a year, include the following steps:It takes grape branch to be grafted, and plants in controllable greenhouse greenhouse;During grape branch rudiment, apply carbon dioxide in greenhouse;During developmental stages of grape berry, fruit thinning is carried out;It is picked after fruit maturation, obtains an inferior fruit;After one inferior fruit is picked, second fruit grafting is carried out, is picked after fruit maturation, obtains second fruit.This method relies on the controllable environment in greenhouse, and properly increase and keep carbon dioxide content in canopy, fruit thinning is rationally carried out, one inferior fruit of gained grape and second fruit yield are high, and fruit raw tight ness rating, degree of staining, fruit powder and the boundary defect project indicator and reaches standard above grade 1.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of planting, and in particular to a kind of grape planting process of two crops a year.
Background technology
In traditional planting process, grape is often encroached on by radicola, and grape grafting cultivation is met the tendency of in 19 century 70s
And it gives birth to.Latest data shows that China's grape -growing areas is 847,000 hectares, but grafting cultivation area proportion is still smaller.
A kind of engrafting method of grape is proposed in the patent of Publication No. CN107896668A:It uses and transfers in grafting procedures
Consolidant processing graft union is connect, can both promote organization healing, significantly shorten the organization healing time, and root system can be promoted to give birth to
It is long, the survival rate of grafting can be significantly increased, seedling-slowing stage is effectively shortened, prevents nursery stock withered, promotes the growth of grape.
But this method only focuses on the processing of grafting, and has ignored the field management in grafting growth course, therefore needs to probe into more complete
The grape planting process in face.
Invention content
Of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, the present invention provides a kind of grape planting process of two crops a year, should
Method relies on the controllable environment in greenhouse, and properly increases and keep carbon dioxide content in canopy, rationally carries out fruit thinning, gained Portugal
One inferior fruit of grape and second fruit yield are high, fruit raw tight ness rating, degree of staining, fruit powder and the boundary defect project indicator reach level-one with
Upper standard.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of grape planting process of two crops a year is provided, is included the following steps:
A. an inferior fruit:
(1) it takes grape branch to be grafted, and plants in controllable greenhouse greenhouse;
(2) during grape branch rudiment, apply carbon dioxide in greenhouse;
(3) during developmental stages of grape berry, fruit thinning is carried out;
(4) it is picked after fruit maturation, obtains an inferior fruit;
B. second fruit:
After (5) one inferior fruits are picked, second fruit grafting is carried out, is picked after fruit maturation, obtains second fruit.
Preferably, in step (1), freezing processing is carried out 6~8 months under the conditions of grape branch is -3~7 DEG C first, later 20
10~14h is impregnated in~25 DEG C of clear water, after take out and beta pruning is at 3~4 sections of grape stalks, every section of grape stalk retains 2~3
A bud eye, then the mono- cyanogen of 1~1.5wt.% is smeared to bud eye on the inside of branch on the outside of bud eye on the outside of grape stalk major branch, major branch, major branch
Amine aqueous solution.
Preferably, in step (1), humidity is 90~95%RH in greenhouse, and soil moisture is 70~80%, and day temperature is
15~20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 10~12 DEG C.
Preferably, in step (2), during grape branch rudiment, humidity is 60~70%RH, soil moisture 75 in greenhouse
~85%, day temperature is 25~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12~16 DEG C.
Preferably, in step (2), daily 6:50~8:00 application carbon dioxide, maintenance gas concentration lwevel 1000~
1200ppm, after close canopy to 9:00, then divulge information 30~40min, after close canopy again.
Preferably, in step (3), during developmental stages of grape berry, humidity is 60~70%RH, soil moisture 70 in greenhouse
~80%, day temperature is 25~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C.
Preferably, it is 600~750g per fringe ripening fruits total weight after fruit maturation in step (4).
Preferably, in step (5), after an inferior fruit is picked, nutrient is supplemented to perennial tree body, to Portugal after 30~35d
Grape branch takes pressure to fall leaves, then carries out second fruit grafting.
Preferably, in step (5), second fruit growth period, when developmental stages of grape berry, nocturnal temperature is 15~18 DEG C,
Remaining implantation methods are identical as an inferior fruit as field management.Winter at a time when second fruit developmental stages of grape berry, canopy temperature compared with
Low, day and night temperature is big to make second fruit sugar content higher, color and luster brighter.
Preferably, an inferior fruit grafting time is annual March, during plucking time is current year August;Second fruit grafting time is
Annual September, during plucking time is 2 months next years.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, grafting grape requires growth conditions stringent, and plantation, which accurately controls, in greenhouse grafts needed for grape growth
Temperature, humidity;Grape photosynthetic efficiency can be enhanced by properly increasing carbon dioxide content, and is also conducive under greenhouse-environment
The holding of carbon dioxide content can promote the raising of vintage;During developmental stages of grape berry, malformed fruit, small is extractd in time
Fruit, disease fruit and more close fruit are conducive to nutritional ingredient and more sufficiently feed to healthy young fruit, keep final grape fruit grain big
It is full.
2, the grape branch after freezing, need to be through impregnating 10~14h in 20~25 DEG C of clear water, which not only mitigates,
More importantly branch is made to be saturated with moisture, to improve graft survival rate, be conducive to the growth and development of grape branch, grape is inserted
Bud eye on the outside of fringe major branch, branch on the outside of major branch, bud eye smears 1~1.5wt.% cyanamide aqueous solutions on the inside of major branch, can promote
Grape growth growth cycle is shortened in the budding of grape branch.
3, the annual September grafting of second fruit, picking during 2 months next years, second fruit fruit development period positive value winter, day and night temperature
It is big to cause sugar content of fruit height, full color, and at a time when this around the Spring Festival, market increases fruits product consumption, warp
Benefit of helping is better than other times.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical scheme of the present invention will be carried out below
Detailed description.Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained all without making creative work
Other embodiment belongs to the range that the present invention is protected.
Embodiment 1
A kind of grape planting process of two crops a year, includes the following steps:
A. an inferior fruit:
(1) during March, take freezing black varieties grape branch first to impregnate 14h in 20 DEG C of clear water and thaw, after take out
And beta pruning, at 3 sections of grape stalks, every section of grape stalk retains 3 bud eyes, then to bud eye, major branch outside on the outside of grape stalk major branch
Branch, bud eye smears 1wt.% cyanamide aqueous solutions on the inside of major branch, after grafted in greenhouse, keep humidity in greenhouse
For 90~95%RH, soil moisture is 70~80%, and day temperature is 20~22 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12~15 DEG C;
(2) during grape rudiment, keep greenhouse in humidity be 60~70%RH, soil moisture be 75~85%, daytime temperature
Degree is 25~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12~16 DEG C;Daily 6:50~8:00 applies carbon dioxide, maintains gas concentration lwevel
1000~1200ppm, after close canopy to 9:00, then divulge information 30~40min, after close canopy;
(3) during developmental stages of grape berry, fruit thinning is carried out, it is 60~70%RH, soil moisture 70 to keep humidity in greenhouse
~80%, day temperature is 25~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C;
(4) it during August, is picked after fruit maturation, obtains an inferior fruit;
B. second fruit:
After (5) one inferior fruits is picked, nutrient is supplemented to perennial tree body, takes pressure to fall leaves grape branch after 30d,
So that leaf nutrient is back to tree body root, during September, then carries out second fruit grafting, second fruit growth period, developmental stages of grape berry
When, nocturnal temperature is 15~18 DEG C, remaining implantation methods is identical as an inferior fruit as field management, during 2 months next years, waits for fruit
It is picked after maturation, obtains second fruit.
Embodiment 2
A kind of grape planting process of two crops a year, includes the following steps:
A. an inferior fruit:
(1) during March, take freezing red cultivar grape branch first to impregnate 10h in 25 DEG C of clear water and thaw, after take out
And beta pruning, at 4 sections of grape stalks, every section of grape stalk retains 2 bud eyes, then to bud eye, major branch outside on the outside of grape stalk major branch
Branch, bud eye smears 1.5wt.% cyanamide aqueous solutions on the inside of major branch, after grafted in greenhouse, keep wet in greenhouse
Degree is 90~95%RH, and soil moisture is 70~80%, and day temperature is 20~22 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12~15 DEG C;
(2) during grape rudiment, keep greenhouse in humidity be 60~70%RH, soil moisture be 75~85%, daytime temperature
Degree is 25~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12~16 DEG C;Daily 6:50~8:00 applies carbon dioxide, maintains gas concentration lwevel
1000~1200ppm, after close canopy to 9:00, then divulge information 30~40min, after close canopy;
(3) during developmental stages of grape berry, fruit thinning is carried out, it is 60~70%RH, soil moisture 70 to keep humidity in greenhouse
~80%, day temperature is 25~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C;
(4) it during August, is picked after fruit maturation, obtains an inferior fruit;
B. second fruit:
After (5) one inferior fruits is picked, nutrient is supplemented to perennial tree body, takes pressure to fall leaves grape branch after 35d,
So that leaf nutrient is back to tree body root, during September, then carries out second fruit grafting, second fruit growth period, developmental stages of grape berry
When, nocturnal temperature is 15~18 DEG C, remaining implantation methods is identical as an inferior fruit as field management, during 2 months next years, waits for fruit
It is picked after maturation, obtains second fruit.
Embodiment 3
A kind of grape planting process of two crops a year, includes the following steps:
A. an inferior fruit:
(1) during March, take freezing candida species grape branch first to impregnate 12h in 22 DEG C of clear water and thaw, after take out
And beta pruning, at 3 sections of grape stalks, every section of grape stalk retains 2 bud eyes, then to bud eye, major branch outside on the outside of grape stalk major branch
Branch, bud eye smears 1.2wt.% cyanamide aqueous solutions on the inside of major branch, after grafted in greenhouse, keep wet in greenhouse
Degree is 90~95%RH, and soil moisture is 70~80%, and day temperature is 20~22 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12~15 DEG C;
(2) during grape rudiment, keep greenhouse in humidity be 60~70%RH, soil moisture be 75~85%, daytime temperature
Degree is 25~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12~16 DEG C;Daily 6:50~8:00 applies carbon dioxide, maintains gas concentration lwevel
1000~1200ppm, after close canopy to 9:00, then divulge information 30~40min, after close canopy;
(3) during developmental stages of grape berry, fruit thinning is carried out, it is 60~70%RH, soil moisture 70 to keep humidity in greenhouse
~80%, day temperature is 25~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C;
(4) late August picks after fruit maturation, obtains an inferior fruit;
B. second fruit:
After (5) one inferior fruits is picked, nutrient is supplemented to perennial tree body, takes pressure to fall leaves grape branch after 32d,
So that leaf nutrient is back to tree body root, during September, then carries out second fruit grafting, second fruit growth period, developmental stages of grape berry
When, nocturnal temperature is 15~18 DEG C, remaining implantation methods is identical as an inferior fruit as field management, during 2 months next years, waits for fruit
It is picked after maturation, obtains second fruit.
With reference to DB13/T 484-2002《High-quality Table Grape》Professional standard selects 10 trained personnel to implementing
1~3 one inferior fruit of gained of example and second fruit quality are evaluated.The credit rating of high-quality grapes fresh fruit requires as shown in table 1, fresh food
Grape degree of staining requires as shown in table 2.
Table 1 is the requirement of high-quality grapes fresh fruit credit rating
Table 2 is the degree of staining requirement of Table Grape
After rated, an inferior fruit and second fruit credit rating are as shown in table 3 in Examples 1 to 3.
Table 3 is an inferior fruit and second fruit credit rating in Examples 1 to 3
And conclusion as a result:
An inferior fruit and second fruit items described in second fruit and embodiment 3 described in second fruit, embodiment 2 described in embodiment 1 refer to
Mark reaches superfine;An inferior fruit only degree of staining and boundary defect project described in embodiment 1 are level-one, and remaining item is superfine, real
It is level-one to apply an inferior fruit only fruit powder and boundary defect project described in example 2, and remaining item is superfine.Show 1 year of the present invention
Two ripe grape planting process, gained grape fruit have excellent quality standard.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of grape planting process of two crops a year, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
A. an inferior fruit:
(1) it takes grape branch to be grafted, and plants in controllable greenhouse greenhouse;
(2) during grape branch rudiment, apply carbon dioxide in greenhouse;
(3) during developmental stages of grape berry, fruit thinning is carried out;
(4) it is picked after fruit maturation, obtains an inferior fruit;
B. second fruit:
After (5) one inferior fruits are picked, second fruit grafting is carried out, is picked after fruit maturation, obtains second fruit.
2. the grape planting process of two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), grape branch
First carry out freezing processing under the conditions of -3~7 DEG C 6~8 months, impregnate 10~14h in 20~25 DEG C of clear water later, after take
Go out and beta pruning be at 3~4 sections of grape stalks, every section of grape stalk retains 2~3 bud eyes, then to bud eye on the outside of grape stalk major branch,
Branch, major branch inside bud eye smear 1~1.5wt.% cyanamide aqueous solutions on the outside of major branch.
3. the grape planting process of two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wet in greenhouse in step (1)
Degree is 90~95%RH, and soil moisture is 70~80%, and day temperature is 15~20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 10~12 DEG C.
4. the grape planting process of two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), grape branch
During rudiment, humidity is 60~70%RH in greenhouse, and soil moisture is 75~85%, and day temperature is 25~28 DEG C, night temperature
Degree is 12~16 DEG C.
5. the grape planting process of two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), daily 6:50
~8:00 apply carbon dioxide, maintain 1000~1200ppm of gas concentration lwevel, after close canopy to 9:00, then divulge information 30
~40min, after close canopy again.
6. the grape planting process of two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), grape fruit
During development, humidity is 60~70%RH in greenhouse, and soil moisture is 70~80%, and day temperature is 25~28 DEG C, night temperature
Degree is 15~20 DEG C.
7. the grape planting process of two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), fruit maturation
Afterwards, it is 600~750g per fringe ripening fruits total weight.
8. the grape planting process of two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), an inferior fruit is adopted
After plucking, nutrient is supplemented to perennial tree body, takes pressure to fall leaves grape branch after 30~35d, then carry out second fruit and transfer
It connects.
9. the grape planting process of two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), second fruit life
During length, when developmental stages of grape berry, nocturnal temperature is 15~18 DEG C, remaining implantation methods and field management with an inferior fruit phase
Together.
10. the grape planting process of two crops a year according to claim 1, which is characterized in that an inferior fruit grafting time is
Annual March, during plucking time is current year August;Second fruit grafting time is annual September, during plucking time is 2 months next years.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113005120A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-22 | 中国农业大学 | Method for effectively extracting dormant grape grafted DNA and application |
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Application publication date: 20181009 |